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Archbishop JOB, clergy and faithful at the planting of the cross where the new temple for Saint John the Forerunner Orthodox Church will be built on Blaine Ave. in Indianapolis, IN. December, 2009. Vladyka JOB fell asleep in the Lord less than a week after this photo was taken. +May his memory be eternal+
University of Pennsylvania Forerunner Pre-orientation Program, Penn Wharton China Center, Beijing. July 11, 12, 2015. Photos by Kevin Pitt.
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
A carriage is a two- or four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle for passengers. Second-hand private carriages were common public transport, the equivalent of modern cars used as taxis. Carriage suspensions are by leather strapping or, on those made in recent centuries, steel springs. Two-wheeled carriages are usually owner-driven.
Coaches are a special category within carriages. They are carriages with four corner posts and a fixed roof. Two-wheeled war chariots and transport vehicles such as four-wheeled wagons and two-wheeled carts were forerunners of carriages.
In the 21st century, horse-drawn carriages are occasionally used for public parades by royalty and for traditional formal ceremonies. Simplified modern versions are made for tourist transport in warm countries and for those cities where tourists expect open horse-drawn carriages to be provided. Simple metal sporting versions are still made for the sport known as competitive driving.
The word carriage (abbreviated carr or cge) is from Old Northern French cariage, to carry in a vehicle.[3] The word car, then meaning a kind of two-wheeled cart for goods, also came from Old Northern French about the beginning of the 14th century (probably derived from the Late Latin carro, a car); it is also used for railway carriages and in the US around the end of the 19th century, early cars (automobiles) were briefly called horseless carriages.
Some horse carts found in Celtic graves show hints that their platforms were suspended elastically. Four-wheeled wagons were used in Bronze Age Europe, and their form known from excavations suggests that the basic construction techniques of wheel and undercarriage (that survived until the age of the motor car) were established then.
First prototyped in the 3rd millennium BC, a bullock cart is a large two-wheeled cart pulled by oxen or buffalo. It includes a sturdy wooden pole between the oxen, a yoke connecting a pair of oxen, a wooden platform for passengers or cargo, and large steel rimmed wooden wheels.
Two-wheeled carriage models have been discovered from the Indus valley civilization including twin horse drawn covered carriages resembling ekka from various sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo Daro and Chanhu Daro. The earliest recorded sort of carriage was the chariot, reaching Mesopotamia as early as 1900 BC. Used typically for warfare by Egyptians, the Near Easterners and Europeans, it was essentially a two-wheeled light basin carrying one or two standing passengers, drawn by one to two horses. The chariot was revolutionary and effective because it delivered fresh warriors to crucial areas of battle with swiftness.
One of the great innovations in carriage history was the invention of the suspended carriage or the chariot branlant (though whether this was a Roman or medieval innovation remains uncertain). The "chariot branlant" of medieval illustrations was suspended by chains rather than leather straps as had been believed. Suspension, whether on chains or leather, might provide a smoother ride since the carriage body no longer rested on the axles, but could not prevent swinging (branlant) in all directions. It is clear from illustrations (and surviving examples) that the medieval suspended carriage with a round tilt was a widespread European type, referred to by any number of names (car, currus, char, chariot).
In 14th century England carriages, like the one illustrated in the Luttrell Psalter, would still have been a quite rare means of aristocratic transport, and they would have been very costly until the end of the century. They would have had four six-spoke six-foot high wheels that were linked by greased axles under the body of the coach, and did not necessarily have any suspension. The chassis was made from oak beam and the barrel shaped roof was covered in brightly painted leather or cloth. The interior would include seats, beds, cushions, tapestries and even rugs. They would be pulled by four to five horses.
Under King Mathias Corvinus (1458–90), who enjoyed fast travel, the Hungarians developed fast road transport, and the town of Kocs between Budapest and Vienna became an important post-town, and gave its name to the new vehicle type. The earliest illustrations of the Hungarian "Kochi-wagon" do not indicate any suspension, a body with high sides of lightweight wickerwork, and typically drawn by three horses in harness. Later models were considerably lighter and famous for a single horse being able to draw many passengers.
The Hungarian coach spread across Europe, initially rather slowly, in part due to Ippolito d'Este of Ferrara (1479–1529), nephew of Mathias' queen Beatrix of Aragon, who as a very junior Archbishopric of Esztergom developed a taste for Hungarian riding and took his carriage and driver back to Italy. Then rather suddenly, in around 1550, the "coach" made its appearance throughout the major cities of Europe, and the new word entered the vocabulary of all their languages. However, the new "coach" seems to have been a fashionable concept (fast road travel for men) as much as any particular type of vehicle, and there is no obvious technological change that accompanied the innovation, either in the use of suspension (which came earlier), or the adoption of springs (which came later). As its use spread throughout Europe in the late 16th century, the coach's body structure was ultimately changed, from a round-topped tilt to the "four-poster" carriages that became standard everywhere by c.1600.
The coach had doors in the side, with an iron step protected by leather that became the "boot" in which servants might ride. The driver sat on a seat at the front, and the most important occupant sat in the back facing forwards. The earliest coaches can be seen at Veste Coburg, Lisbon, and the Moscow Kremlin, and they become a commonplace in European art. It was not until the 17th century that further innovations with steel springs and glazing took place, and only in the 18th century, with better road surfaces, was there a major innovation with the introduction of the steel C-spring.
Many innovations were proposed, and some patented, for new types of suspension or other features. It was only from the 18th century that changes to steering systems were suggested, including the use of the 'fifth wheel' substituted for the pivoting fore-axle, and on which the carriage turned. Another proposal came from Erasmus Darwin, a young English doctor who was driving a carriage about 10,000 miles a year to visit patients all over England. Darwin found two essential problems or shortcomings of the commonly used light carriage or Hungarian carriage. First, the front wheels were turned by a pivoting front axle, which had been used for years, but these wheels were often quite small and hence the rider, carriage and horse felt the brunt of every bump on the road. Secondly, he recognized the danger of overturning.
A pivoting front axle changes a carriage's base from a rectangle to a triangle because the wheel on the inside of the turn is able to turn more sharply than the outside front wheel. Darwin suggested a fix for these insufficiencies by proposing a principle in which the two front wheels turn (independently of the front axle) about a centre that lies on the extended line of the back axle. This idea was later patented in 1818 as Ackermann steering. Darwin argued that carriages would then be easier to pull and less likely to overturn.
Carriage use in North America came with the establishment of European settlers. Early colonial horse tracks quickly grew into roads especially as the colonists extended their territories southwest. Colonists began using carts as these roads and trading increased between the north and south. Eventually, carriages or coaches were sought to transport goods as well as people. As in Europe, chariots, coaches and/or carriages were a mark of status. The tobacco planters of the South were some of the first Americans to use the carriage as a form of human transportation. As the tobacco farming industry grew in the southern colonies so did the frequency of carriages, coaches and wagons. Upon the turn of the 18th century, wheeled vehicle use in the colonies was at an all-time high. Carriages, coaches and wagons were being taxed based on the number of wheels they had. These taxes were implemented in the South primarily as the South had superior numbers of horses and wheeled vehicles when compared to the North. Europe, however, still used carriage transportation far more often and on a much larger scale than anywhere else in the world.
Today, carriages are still used for day-to-day transport in the United States by some minority groups such as the Amish. They are also still used in tourism as vehicles for sightseeing in cities such as Bruges, Vienna, New Orleans, and Little Rock, Arkansas.
The most complete working collection of carriages can be seen at the Royal Mews in London where a large selection of vehicles is in regular use. These are supported by a staff of liveried coachmen, footmen and postillions. The horses earn their keep by supporting the work of the Royal Household, particularly during ceremonial events. Horses pulling a large carriage known as a "covered brake" collect the Yeoman of the Guard in their distinctive red uniforms from St James's Palace for Investitures at Buckingham Palace; High Commissioners or Ambassadors are driven to their audiences with the King and Queen in landaus; visiting heads of state are transported to and from official arrival ceremonies and members of the Royal Family are driven in Royal Mews coaches during Trooping the Colour, the Order of the Garter service at Windsor Castle and carriage processions at the beginning of each day of Royal Ascot.
Form meets function with Garmin's high-performance line of personal trainers — the Forerunner 305. The Forerunner 305 includes a high sensitivity GPS receiver, new courses feature and robust wireless heart rate monitor for optimal performance.
Lock On to Satellite Signals
Forerunner 305 sports a unique design that wraps the GPS antenna around part of the wrist for a better view of the sky, and its high sensitivity GPS receiver provides improved tracking under trees and near tall buildings. Forerunner 305 also sports a robust ANT+™ wireless heart rate monitor with softer, more comfortable chest strap and superior battery life. It eliminates cross-talk with other devices to reliably measure and send heart rate data, and it helps you train in your optimal heart rate zone.
Form meets function with Garmin's high-performance line of personal trainers — the Forerunner 305. The Forerunner 305 includes a high sensitivity GPS receiver, new courses feature and robust wireless heart rate monitor for optimal performance.
Lock On to Satellite Signals
Forerunner 305 sports a unique design that wraps the GPS antenna around part of the wrist for a better view of the sky, and its high sensitivity GPS receiver provides improved tracking under trees and near tall buildings. Forerunner 305 also sports a robust ANT+™ wireless heart rate monitor with softer, more comfortable chest strap and superior battery life. It eliminates cross-talk with other devices to reliably measure and send heart rate data, and it helps you train in your optimal heart rate zone.
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
11 сентября 2022, Неделя 13-я по Пятидесятнице. Усекновение главы Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 4 September 2022, 13th Sunday after Pentecost. The Beheading of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord, John
Forerunners to the Enviro 200's were a number of Optare Solo's in Metro Connect livery, one of which, 1345, is seen departing Bradford for Otley on 9 October 2009
The forerunner of those with curly VR crests. The larger diameter box of this form seems commoner. The road seems quite a bit later than the mid 1880s of this example. The high aperture is characteristic of these anonymous cylindrical letter boxes.
Mount Pleasant E5
7 июля 2023, Рождество честного славного Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 7 July 2023, Nativity of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist of the Lord, John
6-7 июля 2022, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2022, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
The P-35, a forerunner of the Republic P-47, was the U.S. Army Air Corps' (USAAC) first production single-seat, all-metal pursuit plane with retractable landing gear and an enclosed cockpit. The USAAC accepted 76 P-35s in 1937-1938, and assigned all but one of them to the 1st Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field, Mich.
Sweden also purchased 60 improved aircraft (designated EP-106), but the United States diverted a second order for 60 to the USAAC in 1940 and assigned them to the 17th and 20th Pursuit Squadrons in the Philippines. These aircraft, redesignated P-35As, were all lost in action early in the war. Ironically, the Japanese Navy ordered 20 two-seat versions of the P-35 in 1938, and these became the only American-built planes used operationally by the Japanese during World War II.
Source: www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=469
11 сентября 2022, Неделя 13-я по Пятидесятнице. Усекновение главы Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 4 September 2022, 13th Sunday after Pentecost. The Beheading of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord, John
11 сентября 2022, Неделя 13-я по Пятидесятнице. Усекновение главы Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 4 September 2022, 13th Sunday after Pentecost. The Beheading of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord, John
On 30 March 1913, Faisanterie Buitenlust, the forerunner of today's modern animal park Burgers' Zoo, opened its doors to the public for the first time. Since its establishment by Johan Burgers, the first owner and namesake of the Arnhem Zoo, the park has always remained a true family business. Right from the early years, the zoo caused a stir with its bold innovations, naturally designed animal enclosures and the creation of visitor experiences. Burgers' Zoo has a colourful history that has shaped the zoo as you find it today in the wooded area north of Arnhem.
The ecodisplays recreate unique natural areas as naturally and accurately as possible, with animals often living in great freedom amid hundreds of plant species. In the Burgers' Zoo ecodisplays, visitors walk in pieces of reconstructed natural landscapes. While walking, you discover numerous animal and plant species that are optimally adapted to the natural environment
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
BELFAST WELCOMES STENA FORERUNNER: Belfast Harbour CEO Joe O’Neill welcomes Captain Marcel Schaar of the Stena Forerunner to Belfast ahead of the ferry’s first sailing from Belfast to Liverpool. The 3,000 lane metre Stena Forerunner has been introduced as a result to growing market demand and the need for increased capacity and will increase weekly freight capacity on the service by almost 10%.
Paul Grant, Stena Line Trade Director commented: “We are delighted to welcome the Stena Forerunner to Belfast and the introduction and investment of this larger vessel demonstrates our ongoing commitment to the freight market. This year we’re experiencing strong growth of 6% on the Belfast to Liverpool route and future plans include the introduction of two new build ferries on this service during spring 2020 and early 2021.”
Stena Line is currently the largest ferry operator on the Irish Sea, offering the biggest fleet and the widest choice of routes between Ireland and Britain including Belfast to Liverpool and Heysham, Belfast to Cairnryan, Dublin to Holyhead and Rosslare to Fishguard routes, with a total of 232 weekly sailing options between Ireland and Britain. Stena Line also offers a direct service from Rosslare to Cherbourg with three return crossings a week.
17-18 сентября 2022, Неделя 14-я по Пятидесятнице. Прор. Захарии и прав. Елисаветы, родителей св. Иоанна Предтечи / 17-18 September 2022, 14th Sunday after Pentecost. Holy Prophet Zachariah and Righteous Elizabeth, parents of St. John the Forerunner
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
11 сентября 2022, Неделя 13-я по Пятидесятнице. Усекновение главы Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 4 September 2022, 13th Sunday after Pentecost. The Beheading of the Holy Glorious Prophet, Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord, John
Part of "The Art of the Build," an exhibit at the Antique Auto Club of America Museum, Hershey, PA, March 30, 2014.
Once the forerunners' passage is over, the race begins; they are usually the organization's cars, usually numbered DAP (or 000), 00 and 0 (but also C, B and A, 'Safety Car' or tricolor flag), visible for the flasher and audible for the siren explained, first pass the 'DAP' car about an hour before departure, which checks the route, the public disposition and any safety measures to be taken. So when you pass the first forerunner, everyone will be in the safe place you have chosen to see the test. 30 minutes from the start, here is the 'OO', which warns the race direction about the condition of the race and the public that it sees being positioned safely. With this step it is decided whether the test can be held, if the public were not 'disciplined' or if there were things not in place, the decision not to run would be made. When there are 10 minutes left to go, here is the 'O', the dress rehearsal, which quickly crosses the streets of the special stage (often an ex-driver or a real driver not in the race is driving) and acts as a prologue to the passage of the racing cars.
Una volta terminato il passaggio degli apripista la gara inizia; sono solitamente le auto dell’organizzazione, abitualmente numerate DAP (oppure 000), 00 e 0 (ma anche C, B ed A, ‘Safety Car’ o bandiera tricolore), visibili per il lampeggiatore ed udibili per la sirena spiegata, prima passa la vettura ‘DAP’ circa un’ora prima della partenza, che verifica il tracciato, la disposizione del pubblico e le eventuali misure di sicurezza da prendere. Dunque al passaggio della prima apripista tutti al posto sicuro che avrete scelto per vedere la prova. A 30 minuti dal via ecco la ‘OO’, che avvisa la direzione di gara sulla condizione della prova e sul pubblico che vede essere posizionato in sicurezza. Con questo passaggio si decide se la prova potrà essere disputata, qualora il pubblico non fosse ‘disciplinato’ o vi fossero cose non a posto verrebbe presa la decisione di non correre. Quando mancano 10 minuti al via ecco la ‘O’, la prova generale, che attraversa le strade della speciale rapidamente (spesso la guida un ex pilota o un pilota vero e proprio non in gara) e fa da prologo al passaggio dei bolidi.
10-11 сентября 2021, Усекновение главы Пророка, Предтечи и Крестителя Иоанна / 10-11 September 2021, The Beheading of the Glorious Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist John
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John
The Courts of Petty Sessions were forerunners of our modern day District Courts. The court building was found to be unsuitable for court business, and was later reincarnated as the village library. Here once stood the Catholic priest’s house which was destroyed in 1798. This site was reputedly where a local United Irishman – Felix Rourke met his end.
Felix was born in 1765 and was the son of a local farmer and tollhouse keeper at nearby Blackchurch and was involved in several skirmishes in the area during the 1798 Rebellion, being later made a colonel by Lord Edward Fitzgerald. Having
served time for his activities, he was released only to become involved in the later 1803 revolution under Robert Emmet. He was actively involved in the fighting that took place in Thomas Street and High Street in Dublin City. Rourke was tried and convicted of High Treason in September of that year, and was sentenced to death. He was hanged at this place on the 6th of September 1803 on the roof beams of the burnt-out priest’s house that stood on this site. Another version of the incident places Felix Rourke’s execution as taking place outside his parents’ house in the village.
Either way, his execution was intended to be a very public and symbolic act, and his body was brought for burial afterwards to Bully’s Acre in Kilmainham. By Rourke’s side would later be temporarily interred the body of Robert Emmet himself.
For more information on South Dublin Libraries’ Heritage Walks, please visit:
17-18 сентября 2022, Неделя 14-я по Пятидесятнице. Прор. Захарии и прав. Елисаветы, родителей св. Иоанна Предтечи / 17-18 September 2022, 14th Sunday after Pentecost. Holy Prophet Zachariah and Righteous Elizabeth, parents of St. John the Forerunner
Otherwise known as St. John the Baptist. This icon was made with egg tempera on wood with gold leaf background. I blend the colors from powder and add them to my egg tempera mix.
H.E. Archbishop Elpidophoros Officiated The Divine Liturgy at St. John the Forerunner and Baptist Cathedral (Slavic Vicariate) in Brooklyn, NY on the feast of Its. Cyril and Methodios.
Photos:© GOA/DIMITRIOS PANAGOS
fortress built by the Hasmonean king, Alexander Jannaeus
here John the Forerunner was
--- 30 A.D. imprisoned
--- 32 A.D. beheaded
Mukawir, Madaba Governorate
Jordan
010113
6-7 июля 2021, Рождество пророка Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна / 6-7 July 2021, The Nativity of the Prophet Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John