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Formed from the Bungarider Fault, one of three large faults in a NW-SE direction on the proprerty.
PS Breccia is an Italian word with the 'cc' presumably pronounced as in capuccino (which would have been nice in the remote location!)
Faults are fractures or fracture systems in rocks along which there has been differential displacement. Fault movement is usually in the form of sudden jolts. Such events release energy in the form of shock waves, which are the cause of earthquakes. Faults form by extensional stress (stretching) or compressional stress (pushing together) or shear stress (ripping/tearing).
Fault surfaces are often polished by the grinding action of the movement - such surfaces are referred to in geology by the horrible term "slickensides". Many fault surfaces have thin, straight scratches or deeper grooves, formed by gouging during fault movement. These linear scratches are called slickenlines.
Seen here is a slickenlined fault surface developed in coarse-grained siliciclastics in the Jurassic of Utah. The dark-colored grains are black chert pebbles.
Stratigraphy: Carnegie Quarry Sandstone, Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Kimmeridgian Stage, Upper Jurassic, ~150 to 156 Ma
Locality: Carnegie Quarry, Dinosaur National Monument, northern Uintah County, northeastern Utah, USA
The valleys and mountain ridges here are caused by rotational block faulting. Huge blocks of the Earth's crust tip like seesaws; the east side going down to form the valley while the west side goes up forming a mountain range. Where two of these tipping blocks meet side by side, a fault is formed between them with the rising side of one shearing past the descending side of the other. Together, many of these huge blocks of land create what is known as basin and range topography. Erosion wears down the mountain and deposits sediments in the valley, yet the faulting drops the valley faster than the sediments can fill it, thus creating this basin below sea level. Over millions of years, more than 9,000 feet of sand, silt, gravel and salt filled the valley, yet geologic forces are still at work. The fault scarp visible in this photo was created by a massive earthquake about 2,000 years ago that dropped Death Valley several feet. Another such event will lower the valley even farther below sea level.
Hossein Valamanesh
Sandstone, wood and bronze sculpture, 1996
Riverside Quay, Southbank (Melway ref. 1A, J12)
Hossein Valamanesh was born in Tehran, Iran, in 1949 and arrived in Australia in 1970. His distinguished career has involved national and international solo exhibitions across a variety of mediums.
Originally, his Fault Line, created for its Southbank site, comprised a 70-metre granite path to the river’s edge, a derelict wooden jetty, a sandstone-veneer ‘ruin’ and two bronze half-figures and a rowboat. The sculpture reflected Valamanesh’s abiding interest in memory, destruction and survival.
Fault Line was partially decommissioned in 2007. By then, the two figures had already been irreparably damaged and were removed, and the sandstone ‘ruin’ at the southern extremity had become impossible to maintain and keep safe. The regrettable decision was made to decommission these elements of the work, along with the bronze rowing boat and single oar that had not been stolen. In an effort to retain some presence of the ‘ruin’, a trace of its plan was made using the original sandstone. This memory trace is flush with the surrounding ground surface. The boat and remaining oar have been stored offsite.
Photograph by Louis Porter
You know that you are at the fault line because water squeezes up between the 2 plates and creates a line of green, including oases in the desert
A view from the Beinn Eighe national nature reserve, mountain trail. One of the more sporting tourist trails in Scotland.
This is a fault zone breccia associated with a fault on the east side of Catoctin Mountain. The angular clasts are made up of limestone and quartz, bound up in a red mudstone matrix. This is part of the Triassic New Oxford formation and was formed when the Frederick valley dropped down to form the Triassic basin. It was jokingly called "Rosey's Dinerite" because it had some good outcrops behind Rose's Diner on Route 40 west of Frederick, Maryland. Sadly the diner is no more and the outcrops are now about all covered by intense suburban development along the Rt 40 corridor.
This fault breccia is similar to Rosy's Dinerite, except that it was formed with a limestone matrix holding the limestone clasts. The outcrop was found north of Frederick, Maryland.