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Detailed record for Harley 647
www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MS...
AuthorMarcus Tullius Cicero
TitleAratea, with extracts from Hyginus's Astronomica in the constellation figures
OriginFrance, N. (diocese of Reims)
Date9th century
LanguageLatin
ScriptCaroline minuscule
Decoration22 full-page representations of the constellations in colours, often with text or scholia within the shapes (ff. 2v-6, 7-13v). Full-page diagram of the constellations in brown ink (f. 21v). Large diagram of the solar system in brown and red (f. 19). Small initials in brown or red. Text in red or blue.
Dimensions in mm320 x 280 (various)
Official foliationff. 21 ( + 2 unfoliated parchment and 1 paper leaves at the beginning and 2 parchment leaves at the end)
FormParchment codex
BindingPost-1600. Green leather with patterned tooling; marbled end-papers.
Provenancef. 1 is a slightly later addition (c. 1000, England; see Köhler 1971).
Inscribed 'Ego indignus sacerdos et monachus nomine Geruvigus repperi ac scripsi.' (f. 21v).
The Benedictine abbey of St Augustine, Canterbury in the late 15th century: in its catalogue (see Ker 1964).
Francis Babington (d. 1569?), college head: inscription 'Francis Babyngton' (f. 2v).
The Harley Collection, formed by Robert Harley (b. 1661, d. 1724), 1st earl of Oxford and Mortimer, politician, and Edward Harley (b. 1689, d. 1741), 2nd earl of Oxford and Mortimer, book collector and patron of the arts.
Edward Harley bequeathed the library to his widow, Henrietta Cavendish, née Holles (b. 1694, d. 1755) during her lifetime and thereafter to their daughter, Margaret Cavendish Bentinck (b. 1715, d.1785), duchess of Portland; the manuscripts were sold by the Countess and the Duchess in 1753 to the nation for £10,000 (a fraction of their contemporary value) under the Act of Parliament that also established the British Museum; the Harley manuscripts form one of the foundation collections of the British Library.
NotesFull digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at www.bl.uk/manuscripts.
The oldest surviving exemplar of Cicero's Latin translation of Aratus's (c. 315-240 B. C.) Phaenomena.
Select bibliographyA Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum, 4 vols (London: Eyre and Strahan, 1808-12), I, no. 647.
Ottley, W.Y. 'On a Manuscript of Cicero's translation of Aratus, supposed to be of the 2d or 3d century', Archaeologia: Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, XXVI (1836), pp. 47-214.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 3.
[E. Maunde Thompson and G. F. Warner], Catalogue of Ancient Manuscripts in the British Museum, 2 vols (London: British Museum, 1881-1884), Part II Latin, p. 69.
The Palaeographic Society: Facsimiles of Manuscripts and Inscriptions, Second series, ed. by Edward Augustus Bond, Edward Maunde Thompson, and George Frederic Warner, (London: Cloves and Sons, 1884-1894), II, pl. 91 [bound as no. 8].
Wilhelm Köhler, 'Die Karolingishen Miniaturen', in Zweiter Bericht über die Denkmäler Deutscher Kunst (Berlin: Reimer, 1912), pp. 101-07.
Edward Kennard Rand, A Survey of the Manuscripts of Tours, Studies in the Script of Tours, 1, 2 vols (Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mediaeval Academy of America, 1929), I, 203.
Carl Nordenfalk, Book Illumination: Early Middle Ages (Geneva: Editions d'art Albert Skira, 1995; originally printed as Early Medieval Painting, New York: Skira, 1957), pl. on p. 9.
Medieval Libraries of Great Britain: A List of Surviving Books, ed. by N. R. Ker, 2nd edn, Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, 3 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1964), p. 44.
Charlemagne: Oeuvre, Rayonnement et Survivances (Aix-la-Chapelle, 1965), no. 496 [with additional bibliography].
Die Karolingischen Miniaturen, ed. by Wilhelm Koehler and Florentine Mütherich, 6 vols (Berlin: Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, 1930-99), 4, 2 parts, 4.2: Einzelhandschriften aus Lotharingien (1971), pp. 73-74, 77-79, 101-07 [with additional bibliography].
C. R. Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London : Penguin Books, 1971), pp. 22-23, fig. 12.
C. M. Kauffmann, Romanesque Manuscripts 1066-1190 Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 3 (London: Harvey Miller, 1975), p. 76.
Elzbieta Temple, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts 900-1066, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 2 (London: Harvey Miller, 1976), pp. 22, 65, 104.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Manuscript (Oxford: Phaidon, 1979), fig. 4.
T.S. Pattie, Astrology as Illustrated in the Collections of the British Library and the British Museum (London: British Library, 1980), p. 22, pl. 10.
B. Munk Olsen, L’Étude des auteurs classiques latins aux XIe et XIIe siècles, 3 vols (Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1982-1989), I, p. 529 no. B. 18.
M. D. Reeve, 'Aratea' in Texts and Transmission: A Survey of the Latin Classics, ed. by L. D. Reynolds (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983), pp. 18-24 (pp. 22-24).
John E. Murdoch, Album of Science: Antiquity and the Middle Ages, ed. by I. B. Cohen (New York: Scribner's Sons, 1984), no. 226.
Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit, ed. by Henri-Jean Martin and Jean Vezin (n.pl.: Cercle de la Librairie-Promodis, 1990), pp. 436, 438.
Florentine Mutherich, 'Book Illumination at the Court of Louis the Pious', in Charlemagne's Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (814-840), ed. by Peter Godman and Roger Collins (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), pp. 593-604 (pp. 597-98).
William Gerard Noel, 'The Making of B. L. Harley Mss. 2506 and 603' (unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cambridge University, 1992).
C. R. Dodwell, The Pictorial Arts of the West 800-1200 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), p. 48, pl. 34.
Bernhard Bischoff, Manuscripts and Libraries in the Age of Charlemagne, trans. And ed. by Michael Gorman, Cambridge Studies in Palaeography and Codicology, 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; most originally pub. In Mittelalterliche Studien: Ausgewählte Aufsätze zur Schriftkunde und Literaturgeschichte I-III (Stuttgart: Hieresmann, 1966-1981), p. 87.
D.N. Dumville, ‘English Square Minuscule Script: The Mid-Century Phases’, Anglo-Saxon England 23 (1994), 133-64 (p. 137).
Peter Whitfield, The Mapping of the Heavens (London: British Library, 1995), pl. on p. 35.
Marco Mostert, 'The Tradition of Classical Texts in the manuscripts of Fleury', in Medieval Manuscripts of the Latin Classics: Production and Use, ed. by Claudine A. Chavannes-Mazel and Margaret M. Smith (Leiden: Anderrson-Lovelace and the Red Gull Press, 1996) pp. 19-40 (p. 33).
The Utrecht Psalter in Medieval Art: Picturing the Psalms of David, ed. by Koert van der Horst, William Noel, and Wilhelmina C M. Wüstefeld (Utrecht: HES Publishers, 1996), p. 151.
Helmut Gneuss, Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 241 (Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001), no. 423.
Treasures of the British Library, ed. by Nicolas Barker and others (London: British Library, 2005), p. 51.
Jacqueline Leclercq-Marx, ‘Le centaure dans l’art préroman et roman: Sources d’inspiration et modes de transmission’, Les Cahiers de Saint-Michel de Cuxa, 37 (2006), 33-42 (p. 37, pl. 6).
Elizabeth Morrison, Beasts: Factual & Fantastic (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2007), p. 49.
St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, ed. by B. C. Barker-Benfield, Corpus of British Medieval Library Catalogues, 13, 3 vols (London: British Library, 2008), BA I.1164.
Joe Flatman, Ships and Shipping in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2009), pl. 17.
Galileo: Images of the Universe from Antiquity to the Telescope, ed. by Paolo Galluzzi, Florence, Palazzo Strozzi 13 March-30 August 2009 (Florence: Giunti, 2009), no. II.4.1 [exhibition catalogue].
Melanie Holcomb, Pen and Parchment: Drawing in the Middle Ages (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009), p. 10, fig. 6 [exhibition catalogue].
The Cosmography of Aethicus Ister: Edition, Translation and Commentary, ed. by Michael W. Herren, Publications of the Journal of Medieval Latin, 8 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011), p. lxxii, n. 134.
Mediterranean chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon). The species of chameleon found on the Maltese Islands is also found in Greece, Cyprus, southern Portugal and southern Spain on the north of the Mediterranean basin. A small population is reported to be present in Apulia in south-western Italy. To the south, it is found in a very extensive range throughout North Africa and Saudi Arabia, as well as Iraq and Iran. In Malta, the chameleon was introduced from North Africa in the 1850s by Protestant missionaries. It was set free in what is now the Jesuit College of St. Ignatius in St. Julian’s and has since spread with human assistance all over Malta, Gozo and Comino. Extract courtesy of Malta Independent. Photo by Nick Dobbs, Mellieha Bay, Malta 10-03-19
The Anemometer reads 12.4 m/s through a 4" duct for our old fume-extraction unit.
That's 2441 ft/min * (0.08727 ft^2) = 213 cubic feet per minute for our little Epilog Helix. Not bad, but certainly not great. It's plenty for the small, well-focused volumes in this little laser, but nowhere enough volume to filter out the new large 4'x3' laser!
Krak des Chevaliers
Krak des Chevaliers, also Crac des Chevaliers, is a Crusader castle in Syria and one of the most important preserved medieval castles in the world. The site was first inhabited in the 11th century by a settlement of Kurds; as a result it was known as Hisn al Akrad, meaning the "Castle of the Kurds". In 1142 it was given by Raymond II, Count of Tripoli, to the Knights Hospitaller. It remained in their possession until it fell in 1271. It became known as Crac de l'Ospital; the name Krak des Chevaliers was coined in the 19th century.
The Hospitallers began rebuilding the castle in the 1140s and were finished by 1170 when an earthquake damaged the castle. The order controlled a number of castles along the border of the County of Tripoli, a state founded after the First Crusade. Krak des Chevaliers was amongst the most important and acted as a centre of administration as well as a military base. After a second phase of building was undertaken in the 13th century, Krak des Chevaliers became a concentric castle. This phase created the outer wall and gave the castle its current appearance. The first half of the century has been described as Krak des Chevaliers' "golden age". At its peak, Krak des Chevaliers housed a garrison of around 2,000. Such a large garrison allowed the Hospitallers to extract tribute from a wide area. From the 1250s the fortunes of the Knights Hospitaller took a turn for the worse and in 1271 Mamluk Sultan Baibars captured Krak des Chevaliers after a siege lasting 36 days, supposedly by way of a forged letter purportedly from the Hospitallers' Grand Master that caused the Knights to surrender.
Renewed interest in Crusader castles in the 19th century led to the investigation of Krak des Chevaliers, and architectural plans were drawn up. In the late 19th or early 20th century a settlement had been created within the castle, causing damage to its fabric. The 500 inhabitants were moved in 1933 and the castle was given over to the French state, which carried out a programme of clearing and restoration. When Syria declared independence in 1946, it assumed control. Today, a village called al-Husn exists around the castle and has a population of nearly 9,000. Since 2006, the castles of Krak des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din have been recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. it was partially damaged in the Syrian civil war from shelling, although the full extent of the damage is unknown.
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Taken with a Smena 1 camera in week 357 of my 52 film cameras in 52 weeks project:
www.flickr.com/photos/tony_kemplen/collections/72157623113584240
Orwo NP55 film from Six Gates Films of Milan, developed in Rodinal 1:50 15 mins at 21 degrees.
Wendy and I have been enjoying a new to us natural stimulant. It is a stacked smart drug mix of 450mg of artichoke extract and 125mg (20% pure) forskolin. We both felt several hours of focus without the usual thought distractions. It does not feel at all like caffeine in terms of being speedy or making us more alert. It provides a clarity that seems to turn down the volume on the usual distracting thoughts that I normally have. You find lots of discussions on-line and pickup both bottles for less than $20 combined. Timothy Ferriss recently popularized this mix by mentioning it in several interviews.
Creator: British American Brewing Co., Windsor, Ont. (Barclay & Clark Co. Litho. Toronto)
Title: Malt Extract
Date: 1885-1916
Extent: 1 label: printed ; (5.5x7cm)
Notes: From a collection of beer labels, stationery and Canadian breweriana donated by Lawrence C. Sherk.
Format: Label
Rights Info: No known restrictions on access
Repository: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 1A5, library.utoronto.ca/fisher
The photoshop extract filter allows you to select an object with some wispy edges on it like hair. Use a smaller brush for straighter areas and a larger brush for wispy areas.
Creator: Reinhardt & Co. Toronto (Barclay, Clark & Co. Litho. Toronto)
Title: Hofbrau Liquid Extract of Malt
Date: [c.1886-1888]
Extent: 1 label: printed ; (9.5x13.5cm)
Notes: From a collection of beer labels, stationery and Canadian breweriana donated by Lawrence C. Sherk.
Format: Label
Rights Info: No known restrictions on access
Repository: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 1A5, library.utoronto.ca/fisher
One of the most common questions people have regarding #cannabis is exactly what it is, and what types of cannabis tinctures you can have and how they compare to other products.
Given that they are similar to the #CBD #oil that you see, a lot of times people mistake it for that. But what can you do differently with it?
That’s what we’re about to go into here, with the difference between a tincture and other products, and of course, why it matters.
What is a tincture
If you see #tinctures, you’re probably familiar with the little droppers that are attached to the caps of this.
But it’s pretty much a solution that has an alcohol solvent, along with animal extracts, and they’re oftentimes quite concentrated.
So, consuming them like you would a normal drink is not a good thing to do, but instead a drop or two goes a long way.
You need to use the dropper with this, because otherwise too much can impact the state of your body and mind as well.
How do they Work?
They’ve been around for centuries, and they are actually the main choice for delivering herbal medicine to others.
Why is that the case though?
They actually have a very powerful nature to them, and they do have higher concentration of compounds within this, and they can hit the affected areas quite fast.
Most of these used to be made with both #vinegar and #glycerin, but today, glycerin is on the list, but #alcohol is the main choice in these instances too.
The solvents are able to dissolve the #compounds of the organic matter that’s there, which is a fancy name for plant parts, and take the #ingredients that are out of them.
The process then brings those compounds directly to the body, and it does it so much faster than other sorts of means, and it’s a lot more potent than others too, sometimes more than #edibles in some cases too.
CBD Tinctures?
CBD tincture sis pretty much alcohol-based extracts, and most of the time, the manufacturer may use a higher level of alcohol to extract this, and in other cases, they use glycerin.
There are CBD tinctures and THC tinctures, and the main difference is the CBD one is CBD alcohol, and the THC one is THC alcohol infusions, and of course, neither of them are completely devoid of the other component either.
How to Use
You can use this in one of two ways.
The first, is you take that dropper and put either a drop or two directly underneath the tongue, and the effects happen within an hour of you doing this type of method.
The second way is additives. Take a food or a drink that you have, put it in, and consume it. While it does take longer for this to happen, if you don’t feel like buying or making your own edibles, this is a good way to do it.
The tinctures are not good to be used with application topically and aren’t considered good topicals in general.
The best way to start with tinctures is one drop, and then go from there. If you don’t feel the effects within an hour or so, you should then try again, or try another day in order to see if those effects are right for you.
The use of tinctures is important for so many who are interested in making sure that they get the most effects that they can out of this, and here, you learned about it.
This is a 4" deep 3M filter. We left enough space that we could make an "inverted-V" tent from two of them together to increase the surface area. Tests showed there was little difference, so we've stayed with the single filter.
MV-22B Ospreys with Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 161 (Reinforced), 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit, fly in formation during Amphibious Squadron/Marine Expeditionary Unit Integration Training (PMINT) aboard Camp Pendleton, Calif., March 5, 2015. The Marines of Battalion Landing Team 3rd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit, used Ospreys for quick inserts and extracts during a simulated amphibious assault aboard Camp Pendleton. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Jamean Berry/Released)
Layering filters - 4 layers of activated carbon, and NO, none of it gets sucked up into the fan itself...much...rarely...
Extract from the Preston Guardian, March 30, 1929.
TO ENLARGE - either:
1. Right-click the image then choose Original or...
2. Select View all sizes from the Actions tab then choose Original
In 2000, Peru’s government formalised Brazil nut harvesting under a system of concessions, where each producer, or castañero, has the right to collect nuts in a particular patch of forest. They can also remove a certain amount of wood per year, but some extract more than their quota.
A handful of shelled Brazil nuts, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru.
For more on the lives of Brazil nut harvesters, see this video: www.blog.cifor.org/16627/snakes-thieves-and-falling-nuts-...
Photo by Marco Simola/CIFOR
For more information on CIFOR's research on Brazil nuts in Peru, please contact Manuel Guariguata (mailto:m.guariguata@cgiar.org)
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File name: 10_03_000281a
Binder label: Meat
Title: Ask for Liebeg Company's extract of meat, annual sale five million jars [front]
Created/Published: Paris ; London : Testu & Massin
Date issued: 1870 - 1900 (approximate)
Physical description: 1 print : chromolithograph ; 7 x 11 cm.
Genre: Advertising cards
Subject: Adults; Canned foods
Notes: Title from item.
Collection: 19th Century American Trade Cards
Location: Print Department
Rights: No known restrictions.
Extract from Bonfils photo - -
www.flickr.com/photos/athens_greece/26161450112/
Scanned from private collection of MBE
Homemade vanilla extract tastes amazing, makes an excellent gift, and best of all it's dead easy to make.
Ingredients:
Three fresh vanilla beans (I got mine from the Organic Vanilla Company)
One cup of vodka or rum
Directions:
Split vanilla beans lengthwise with a sharp knife.
Cram the beans into a jar, and pour in one cup of spirits (I used rum). Stash the jar in a dark cupboard. Wait 8 weeks, shaking the jar every so often. Then use anywhere you would use store-bought vanilla extract.
After this is done steeping, I may bottle this in smaller quantities to give away as gifts. I searched for a while to find brown bottles in the shape I wanted. I eventually settled on these bottles from SKS Bottle & Packaging.
I had my widsom teeth extracted over 20 years ago (the dentist said I only had 3) but I still have them
Extract from the Court Circular:
"The Queen, accompanied by The Duke of Edinburgh, travelled in State to the Palace of Westminster today to open the Session of Parliament.
Her Majesty and His Royal Highness drove in a Carriage Procession, escorted by a Sovereign's Escort of The Household Cavalry, under the command of Major Thomas Archer-Burton, The Blues and Royals, and were received at the Sovereign's Entrance by the Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain.
Guards of Honour were mounted at Buckingham Palace by The Queen's Guard found by 1st Battalion Irish Guards, under the command of Major Alexander Turner, and at the Palace of Westminster by the Nijmegen Company Grenadier Guards, under the command of Major Edward Paintin.
A staircase party of The Household Cavalry was on duty at Victoria Tower, House of Lords.
Royal Salutes were fired in Green Park by The King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery, under the command of Major Neil Cross, and from the Tower of London Saluting Battery by the Honourable Artillery Company, under the command of Major Simon Barnes.
The Imperial State Crown, the Cap of Maintenance and the Sword of State were conveyed previously to the House of Lords in a Carriage Procession, escorted by a Regalia Escort of The Household Cavalry.
Her Majesty's Body Guard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms was on duty in the Prince's Chamber and The Queen's Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard was on duty in the Royal Gallery.
The Queen's Bargemaster and Watermen were on duty.
The Ladies and Gentlemen of the Household and the Pages of Honour to The Queen (Lord Stanley, Jack Soames, Andrew Leeming and Arthur Chatto) were in attendance at the Palace of Westminster.
Her Majesty and His Royal Highness returned to Buckingham Palace and were received by the Lord Chamberlain and the Vice-Chamberlain of the Household."
Paleontology GIP Greg Bongey extracting microvertebrate fossils from screenwashed sediment from the Straight Cliffs Formation (Cretaceous), Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. (NPS Photo by Gregory Bongey, GIP)
Essentially, Garcinia Cambogia Extract only made the folks active in the reports slim down while doing nothing.
Source : thegarciniacambogiaextract.org/
A researcher goes through the gills of a red snapper to remove an otolith. Otoliths are eastones that are found near the brains of bony fish, and are used to estimate the age and growth rates of fish. The extraction of the otolith does not ruin the filet, so no need to worry anglers! The researcher in the white shirt is speaking with anglers about the otolith extraction process, and also speaking about other areas of the sampling process.