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My friend, Aidan, described Westminster Abbey as English history written in stone, which as good as a description as I could think of. And English, as the Kings and Queens of that country, later of Great Britain are buried here.
Anyway, I had a fabulous time at the Abbey, and already planning a return for the details I missed.
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Of all the churches and cathedrals in London, the one I wanted to visit and photograph was Westminster Abbey. But, the Abbey didn't allow photography didn't go. And then a few weeks back, my friend, Aidan, started to post shots from inside, and as it turns out, photography, in most areas of the Abbey, is now allowed. So it was a case of when we would visit, not "if", and once we had a free weekend, I began to plan and book.
Ā£25 to go in, each. Ā£10 each for the new museum. And Ā£15 each for a hidden highlights tour. It wasn't cheap, but then if you're going to do it, do it well!
All chores were done Friday, including shopping, so we were free to catch the quarter to eight train from Dover. On the way we called into the garage to pick up some stuff to eat on the train, so we were set.
Saturday was also the last day of British Summer Time (BST), as the clocks would go back early on Sunday morning, then five long winter months would begin.
So, better make most of the daylight.
We were early for the train, so we ate breakfast on the platform, then once the train pulled in, I picked my favourite seats and we settled down for the hour run into London. THe one thing I hadn't planned well was the weather, and some rain was expected during the morning.
The train wasn't busy, and most people wore masks, though enough didn't to make one wonder if the message about COVID really hadn't got through. But then with Johnson as PM, we shouldn't be surprised.
We get off at Statford, and the rain was falling heavily even before we left the Essex marshes behind and entered the long tunnel. But at Stratford, day had become night and the rain fell in what is called stair-rods. I hoped that if we walked slowly through the shopping centre it might have eased by the time we needed to cross over the bridge to the regional station, but the rain was falling just as hard.
And there was no way to avoid it, so we just pulled our collars up and walked as quickly as possible.
Which is why, by the time we arrived at the other side, we were wet little hobbitses.
A quick walk to the Jubilee Line platforms, catching the next train out, we took seats and sat there, gently steaming.
Twenty minutes later, we arrived in Westminster, no dryer, really, taking the four flights of escalators to the surface, where outside it had, atleast, stopped raining for now.
Demonstrations are now outlawed in Parliament Square, so it was quiet, once you got to the other side of the road, its a five minute walk past the Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament), and round to the entrance of the Abbey.
Amazingly, there was no queue, and once inside the doorway I show my e tickets, they were scanned and we were allowed in. There was a one way system round the Abbey, so I began the first circuit with the 50mm lens, thinking I would go round again with the wide angle, and a third time with the big lens to snap detail.
That was the plan.
Westminster Abbey is where the Kings and Queens of England and Britain have been crowned. Also, where until Henry V11 thought otherwise, they were buried too, so the chancel is jammed with tombs of many famous and infamous figures from history, from Edward the Confessor to William and Mary, most tombs are grand, some less so. As well as Kings and Queens, minor royals and members of the nobility also were either buried here, or had monument erected. As have military figures, and famousnames from the arts.
It really is quite remarkable.
That and the Abbey itself, in parts dating from just before the Norman COnquest, to a rebuilding just after to the 13th Century when Henry III pulled the old Abbey down and started to rebuild it, until he ran out of money.
But it was completed, and since then had filled up with monuments, so many, I lost count and gave up trying to record them all. Instead, marvelling at their range and beauty.
I walked down the nave, through the arch into the Quire, and it was as breathtaking as expected, then round the Chancel looking and photographing the tombs of the Kings and Queens, round Henry VII's chapel.
And then repeating it with the wide angle lens, taking shots of the various chapels and tombs, all the while keeping an eye on the time as we were to go to visit the new gallery musuem at 11, and then a guided tour of some normally off limit places at half past.
Neither of these allowed photography, which is a great shame as the views from the gallery were stunning down the length of the Nave and then the ancinent chain library and the sanctuary of Henry VII's chapel where we could reach out and touch the shrine of St Edward the Confessor.
The museum had dozens of funeral effigies of the Kings and Queens, some made I'm sure to look better than they did in real life, but others had a degree of realism about them. The one of Queen Mary seemed pregnant, while the one for Queen Elizabeth Ist had a tight corset, so she would have appeared in death as she had as a young woman.
There were carvings, ceremonial cloaks, replicas of the Crown Jewels, and so much more, but we had run out of time, as we had to get to the other side of the church for the hidden secrets tour.
Us and three other couples joined our guide as he showed us the latest escavations revealing the area where monks used to prepare for services. This is hidden behind screens now, and will soon become the site of a new visitor's centre. The trenches were filled with uncvered skeletons and bones, all human of course, and these will all either be rebuuried here or some other Christian place.
Next we went to the Dean's quarters where we saw where he prepared for services, and were allowed into, but not allowed to photograph the Jerico Room, before being allowed outside for a while, then walking around the cloisters, back into the chancel and into Henry's chapel to see the tombs and shrine. Envious looks rained down on us as we climbed the wooden steps into the usually closed area, and then only the people in the gallery above could see us.
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Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United Kingdom's most notable religious buildings and the traditional place of coronation and a burial site for English and, later, British monarchs.
The building itself was originally a Catholic Benedictine monastic church until the monastery was dissolved in 1539. Between 1540 and 1556, the abbey had the status of a cathedral and seat of the catholic bishop. After 1560 the building was no longer an abbey or a cathedral, after the Catholics had been driven out by King Henry VIII, having instead was granted the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"āa church responsible directly to the sovereignāby Queen Elizabeth I.
According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the seventh century at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of King Henry III.[4]
Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, all coronations of English and British monarchs have occurred in Westminster Abbey.[4][5] Sixteen royal weddings have occurred at the Abbey since 1100.[6]
The Abbey is the burial site of more than 3300 persons, usually of prominence in British history: at least 16 monarchs, 8 Prime Ministers, poets laureate, actors, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior. As such, Westminster Abbey is sometimes described as "Britain's Valhalla", after the iconic hall of the chosen heroes in Norse mythology.
Between 1042 and 1052, King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was completed around 1060 and was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066.[9] A week later, he was buried in the church; and, nine years later, his wife Edith was buried alongside him.[10] His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.[11]
The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman Undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community that increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum of about eighty monks.
The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 13th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The Abbot of Westminster often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[13]
The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages.[14]
The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonization.
The following English, Scottish and British monarchs and their consorts are buried in the Abbey:
SƦberht of Essex (d. c. 616) [possibly]
Edward the Confessor (d. 1066) and Edith of Wessex (d. 1075)
Henry III of England (d. 1272) [his wife, Eleanor of Provence, is buried at Amesbury Priory]
Edward I of England (d. 1307) and Eleanor of Castile (d. 1290)
Edward III of England (d. 1377) and Philippa of Hainault (d. 1369)
Richard II of England (d. 1400) and Anne of Bohemia (d. 1394)
Henry V of England (d. 1422) and Catherine of Valois (d. 1437)
Edward V of England (d. c. 1483) and his brother, Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York (d. c. 1483) [possibly]
Also known as the Princes in the Tower. In 1674, the remains of two boys were exhumed from the Tower of London and at the orders of Charles II, they were interred in the wall of the Henry VII Lady Chapel.
Anne Neville (d. 1485), wife of Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales [m. 1470ā71; buried at Tewkesbury Abbey] and of Richard III [m. 1472ā85; buried at Leicester Cathedral]
Henry VII of England (d. 1509) and Elizabeth of York (d. 1503)
Edward VI of England (d. 1553)
Anne of Cleves (d. 1557), former wife of Henry VIII [buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]
Mary I of England (d. 1558)
Elizabeth I of England as shown on her tomb
Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1542), mother of James VI & I of England and Scotland [brought from Peterborough Cathedral in 1612]
Elizabeth I of England (d. 1603)
In the 19th century, researchers looking for the tomb of James I partially opened the underground vault containing the remains of Elizabeth I and Mary I of England. The lead coffins were stacked, with Elizabeth's resting on top of her half-sister's.[9]
James VI & I of England and Scotland (d. 1625) and Anne of Denmark (d. 1619)
The position of the tomb of King James was lost for two and a half centuries. In the 19th century, following an excavation of many of the vaults beneath the floor, the lead coffin was found in the Henry VII vault.[9]
Charles II of England and Scotland (d. 1685)
Mary II of England and Scotland (d. 1694) and William III of England and II of Scotland (d. 1702)
Anne, Queen of Great Britain (d. 1714) and Prince George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland (d. 1708)
George II of Great Britain (d. 1760) and Caroline of Ansbach (d. 1737)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burials_and_memorials_in_Westminste...
I got it into my head that I failed to finish my shots, so had long planned a return. So, with the weather expected to be grim on Monday, I switched from orchids to churches.
I think this is right, the dedication is after two Roman gladiators, and is one shared with Challock, although Blean has Cosmas spelt differently, just add some confusion.
Blean is on the main road north out of Canterbury, but set back, in what was the site of a Roman villa.
It was hooping it down when I arrived, so I scampered as fast as my fat little legs could carry me to the south side of the church and saw the fine "church open" sign, welcoming me.
Again, I could not find the light switches, so the building remained in semi-darkness.
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How wonderful to find an unlocked isolated church in an area where many are kept closed! This charming flint building stands on a well-used public footpath (the former Roman Salt Road) that runs across a dry valley outside Canterbury. Its tree-shaded churchyard contains venerable yews and the church itself, dedicated to Ss Cosmas and Damian (see also Challock) is welcoming indeed. The nave and chancel are thirteenth century - see the typical lancet windows - but the huge north aisle, doubling the church in size, dates from the 1860s. Its arcade, however, is a good copy of thirteenth century work with huge cylindrical piers and an easternmost arch that stops short of the floor as if to allow space for a Rood Screen. The interior is light and spacious with much emphasis on the rustic medieval roof timbers. The twin-lancet east window contains some good mid-Victorian glass by Henry Holiday. The altar rails are seventeenth century whilst tucked behind the main door is a huge early eighteenth century memorial. As part of their millennium celebrations the locals reordered the church to great effect, moving the clumsy organ to the back and replacing it by the pulpit. These works have improved the interior no end.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Blean
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BLEANE,
OR Cosmus Bleane, stiled in all judicial proceedings St. Cosmus and Damian in the Blean, is the next parish southward from Swaycliffe, which latter name it took from the two saints, to whom the church of it is dedicated, and from its having been situated within the district which was once the king's antient forest of Bleane.
IT IS situated in a wild country, enveloped with woods, having much rough and poor land in it, and the inhabitants are in general like the soil, equally poor and rough. The turnpike road from Canterbury to Whitstaple, runs along the western side of it. It reaches as far as the half-way house on that road; and from Denstroud common, the houses of which only are within it, as far as the brook next to St. Stephen's parish eastward, in breadth about three miles. The soil in general consists of an unsertile stiff clay, and a cold loam, both very wet and miry. There is no village in it, but there are about forty houses dispersed throughout the whole of it. There are three commons or small heaths in it; two, over which the Whitstaple road runs, called Hoad common, and Bleane common; on the eastern side of the former is Hoad-court, great part of which has been pulled down within these few years, and the remainder has been converted into a farm-house; the third, in the eastern part of it, is called Tyler-hill common. On the east side of Bleane common, on the knoll of the hill, is a good brick house, formerly of better note, though now only a farm-house, called Amery-court. It was antiently called Le Ambry, alias Le Amery-court, being a corruption for the almonry court, from its being given in alms to St. Sepulchere's nunnery. It was lately the property of the Rev. Mr. Boucherie, who died in 1789, and now of his widow. The northern part of this parish is all coppice wood, among which is a considerable part of the great tract called Clowes wood, belonging jointly to Sir Edward Dering and Sir Rowland Wynne, barts. It was antiently called Cluse, and was formerly a manor, and was, in Edward III.'s reign, in the possession of a family of its own name. It afterwards passed to the Ropers, of St. Dunstan's, and thence in like manner as that of Boteler's-court before-described, to the present possessors of it. On the west side of the parish is the manor of Goodmans, which formerly belonged to Sir John Rough, of Brenley, and afterwards to the Farewells, of Boughton, of whom it was purchased in 1741, by the Rev. Julius Deedes, whose grandson William Deedes, esq. of St. Stephen's sold it in 1796, to Mr. William Cantis, of Canterbury, the present owner of it.
There are within the bounds of this parish, four several districts of land, which are reputed to be within the liberty and ville of Christ-church, in Canterbury, and have been so time out of mind, and their christenings are entered as such in this parish register. The inheritance of them belongs to the dean and chapter of Canterbury.
THE MANOR OF BLEANE, called in Domesday, Blehem, was at the time of taking that survey, part of the possessions of Hamo de Crevequer, usually stiled in the records of that time, Hamo Vicecomes, which name he acquired from his having been appointed Vicecomes, or sheriff of this county, soon after his coming over hither with the Conqueror, and holding the office till his death, which was not till Henry I.'s reign. According it is thus entered in the above survey, under the general title of Terra Hamonis Vicecomitis:
In the lath of Borowart, in Witestaple hundred, Haimo himself holds Blehem. Norman held it of king Ed ward, and then, and now, it was taxed at one suling. The arable land is four carucates, and twelve villeins having three carucates. In demesne there is one carucate. There is a church, and two acres of meadow, and pannage for sixty hogs. There is one fishery. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, it was worth eight pounds, and afterwards, and now, it was and is worth six pounds.
Hamo de Crevequer, a descendant of Hamo abovementioned, possessed this manor in king Richard I.'s reign, from whence he is stiled in some antient deeds relating to it, Sir Hamo del Blen. (fn. 1) He died anno 47 king Henry III. Leaving Robert his grandson his heir, who held it by knight's service; but taking part with the discontented barons, this manor was most probably seized among the rest of his estates, which remained in the crown till it was granted to one of the family of Badlesmere, and Bartholomew de Badlesmere, usually stiled the rich lord Badlesmere of Ledes, possessed it in king Edward II.'s reign, in the 9th year of which, he obtained a special charter of freewarren in all his demesne lands within it. He afterwards associated himself with the rebellious barons, but being taken prisoner, he was converyed to Canterbury, and executed in the 16th year of that reign, at the gallows of Blean, within this manor, to make the ignominy of his death the more conspicuous. By the inquisition, which was not taken till anno 2 king Edward III. at which time the process and judgment against him was reversed, it was sound that he died possessed of the manor of Blean, among others, which were then restored to his son Giles de Badlesmere, who died s. p. in the 12th year of king Edward III. anno 1337, (fn. 2) so that his four sisters became his coheirs, and upon a partition of their inheritance, it sell to the share of Margerie, wife of William, lord Roos, of Hamlake. She survived her husband, and afterwards possessed this manor for her life, and in the 32d year of the above reign, granted her interest in it to Thomas de Wolton and Robert de Denton; which was confirmed by her only surviving son Thomas, lord Roos, of Hamlake, who the next year granted the inheritance of it to the same Thos. de Wolton, master of the hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr, of Eastbridge, in Canterbury, and his successors, in Support of the charities and alms made in it, at which time the hospital was possessed of much other land in this parish by the gift of several other persons. (fn. 3) After which this manor, with the other premises abovementioned, remained with the hospital, which escaped the suppression of such foundations in the reigns of king Henry VIII. and king Edward VI. and it remains with the other lands given to it at different times, now part of the possessions of the above-mentioned hospital.
A court leet and court baron is held for this manor of Bleane and Hothe-court, at which a borshoulders is chosen for the borough of Bleane.
If there ever was a court-lodge or manston to the manor of Blean, it has been demolished time out of mind; for that of Hoad-court hereafter described, has deyond memory been the only one belonging to both these manors, which indeed seem to have been long since united, if ever they were two, and now are but one and the same manor, and should be more properly stiled the manor of Bleane, alias Hothe-court.
HOTHE, or HOADE COURT, so called from its situation, close to the hothe, or common here, is a manor, lying in the south east part of this parish, which was once the estate of Sir John de la Lee, who in the year 1360, anno 35 king Edward III. gave it, to Thomas de Wolton and his successors, masters of the hospital of Eastbregge, towards certain acts of piety in it. (fn. 4) After which it remained in the possession of the hospital till the latter and of queen Elizabeth's reign, when Dr. Lause, prebendary of Canterbury, and the archbishop's commissary, then master of it, with the privity of archbishop Whitgift, (fn. 5) made a benesicial lease of this manor, at which it seems he then resided, with divers other lands, at the reserved rent of forty-eight pounds, for his own use and benefit, to his brother Fermyn Lause, for threre lives. He died in 1594, and by his will devised his interest in the above lease to John Boys, esq. and Robert Grove, of Eastry. In consequence of which, Fermyn Lause, above-mentioned, then of Aylsham, in Norfolk, conveyed the lease to them, the sole interest in which became vested in John Boys, esq. above-mentioned, afterwards knighted, and of St. Gregory's priory, in Canterbury, a man of much note in his profession of the law. He was steward to five archbishops, recorder of Canterbury, and then of Sandwich, judge of the chancery court of the five ports, and M. P. for Sandwich, and for Canterbury, and founder of Jesus or Boys's hospital, in Northgate, Canterbury. He was fifth and youngest son of William Boys, esq. of Nonington, by his wife Mary, sister and heir of Sir Edward Ringsley, and bore for his arms, Or, a griffin, segreant, sable, within a bordure, gules, being those borne by his ancestors. He resided at times here at Hoadcourt, which he died possessed of in 1612, without surviving issue, though he had been twice married, and was buried in the north isle of Canterbury cathedral, where his monument, with his effigies on it, still remains, having by his will devised his interest in the lease of this manor to his nephew Thomas Boys, of Canterbury, with remainder to John his son. (fn. 6)
Thomas Boys, esq. above mentioned, was afterwards of Hoad court, as was John Boys, his eldest son, who succeeded him here, by the limitation in Sir John Boys's will, and resided at Hoad-court, as did his descendants down to colonel John Boys, who died here in 1748, and was buried with his ancestors in this church, leaving by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Dalyson, esq. two daughters his coheirs, Elizabeth, married to the Rev. Charles Wake, and Anne to the Rev. Osmund Beauvoir, who respectively, in right of their wives, became jointly entitled to the lease of this manor, with the seat and lands belonging to it; but after some years intervening, on a partition made, it was wholly allotted to the former, who held it for three lives, from the master of the hospital of Eastbridge; since whose death in 1796, his interest in it is become vested in the Rev. John Honywood, his son-in-law, the present possessor of it.
The Rev. C. Wake above-mentioned, LL. D. was prebendary of Westminster, and rector of East Knoyle and Fonthill, in Wiltshire. He was first married to Eliz. Boys, by whom he had Charles, vicar of Shoreham, and Elizabeth, who married the Rev. J. Honywood above-mentioned. He married 2dly the daughter of Mr. Beckford, by whom he had several children. Dr. Beauvoir was formerly head master of the king's school, in Canterbury, and married Anne Boys, as above-mentioned, who died in 1762, and was buried in Bleane church, by whom he had three sons, Osmund, William, and Cholmondeley, who survived to maturity, but all died unmarried; and two daughters, Elizabeth, married to William Hammond, esq. of St. Albans, in this county, and Isabella, married to the Rev. Richard Blackett Dechair, vicar of Shebbertswell, and of Postling, in this county. Dr. Beauvoir married secondly Mary, only daughter and heir of Fane William Sharpe, esq. (Since re-married to Dr. Douglas) but by whom he had no issue; he died in 1789, and was buried in the nave of the cathedral at Bath. He bore for his arms, Argent, a chevron between three cinquefoils, gules, quartered with those of Compton, of Guernsey.
In the rentals of the manor of Blean, there is mention made of the payment of gate silver (a custom not often met with). It seems to be a payment made by the tenants of the manor, for the repair of the gates leading to and from the Blean, to prevent their cattle from straying and being lost.
WELL-COURT, now usually called Wild-court, is a manor, situated near the northern bounds of this parish, the house of it being partly in it and partly in that of St. Stephen's. It is stiled in antient records, Ebolestone, alias Well-court, and was once part of the possessions of the family of At-Lese, one of whom, Sir Richard At-Lese, died s. p. possessed of it in 1394. Upon which it descended to his two nieces, daughters and coheirs likewise of his brother Marcellus At-Lese, of whom Lucy the eldest, married first to John Norton, esq. and secondly to William Langley, esq. of Knolton, (fn. 7) had this manor as part of her inheritance, and accordingly entitled both her husbands in succession to it. She had issue by both of them, who after their deaths shared this manor between them. In which state it continued for many years, till Thomas Langley, son of John, alienated his part of it, in the IIth year of king Henry VIII. to his relation Sir John Norton, the possessor of the other moiety, who then became owner of the whole of it, of which he died possessed in the 34th year of that reign, and was Succeeded in it by his natural son Thomas Green, usually stiled Norton, alias Green, whose two grandsons Thomas and George Green, in the 7th year of James I. alienated it to John Best, in which name the fee of it continued till the latter end of the last century, though in king Charles II.'s reign, it had come by means of mortgage, or some other such assignment, into the possession of Lovelace, then of Wild, and afterwards of William Rooke, esq. of St. Laurence, afterwards knighted, when it was passed away to Thomas Fleet, yeoman, who then lived in it. He died in the possession of it in 1712, s. p. and by his will devised it to his cousin Thomas Fleet, son of John Fleet, of Bleane, since which, by the limitations in the above will, it is now come to Mr. Thomas Fleet, who is the present owner, and resides in it.
BOTELERS,alias Botelers court, is a manor, nearly in the centre of this parish, which, in the 20th year of king Edward III. was, with the manors of Chesfield and Cluse, now called Clowes, held by knight's service by the same owners. Soon after which, it became the property and residence of the family of Boteler, whence it gained the name of Botelers-court, and continued in it till it was at length sold to one of the Ropers, of St. Dunstans, near Canterbury; in whose posterity it continued down to Edward Roper, esq. of Eltham, who died possessed of it in 1723, s. p. since which it has passed in like manner as that of Chestfield, in Swaycliffe, heretofore described, down to Sir Edward Dering and Sir Rowland Wynne, barts. and they are at this time the joint proprietors of it.
There are no parochial charities.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Westbere.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Cosmus and Damianus, is but small and mean. It consists of only one isle and a chancel, having a low pointed turret at the west end, in which hangs one bell. In the chancel is a memorial for John Boys, esq. of Hoad-court, eldest son of John Boys, esq. of that place, obt. 1660; and a mural monument for John Boys, esq. of Hode, who married Jane, daughter of Sir Richard Head, bart. obt. 1710; arms, quarterly, Boys, Phalop, Alday, and Ringsley, impaling Head. Besides which, there are several other memorials of less account.
The church was antiently an appendage to the manor, and remained so till Hamo de Crevequer, called in the charter, Hamo de Blen, son of Etardus de Crevequer, the lord of it, gave this church, with all its appurtenances, to the master and brethren of the hospital of Eastbridge; and by another deed he granted to them, that is to the rector of this church, and the brethren of that hospital, the parsonage-house, with its appurtenances, late belonging to the rectory of it, and one acre of ground, and certain annual rent in this parish, to hold in free, pure and perpetual alms; all which was confirmed by archbishop Langton, by which means the rectory and parsonage of it became appropriated, and confirmed to the hospital, and the master or keeper became parson of it; but archbishop Sudbury afterwards, in 1375, converted the rectory or parsonage so appropriated, into a perpetual vicarage, which he then founded and endowed; but on account of the inconveniences arising to the parishioners, especially those who were infirm, from the distance they were at from the priest who had the cure of souls, who usually lived at the hospital, which was a mile or more distant from them, whom they were obliged with much trouble to seek after there; by which means the duties of this church, as well as the parishioners, were either neglected or wholly omitted. Therefore, weighing these inconveniences, and being desirous to remedy them as far as was in his power, he decreed, that there should be in this church in future, a perpetual vicar, having within the parish of the same, the mansion which the master of the hospital had erected for the same; and that the vicar should have likewise the tithes and oblations under-mentioned, amounting, as was supposed, to 10l. and upwards, for the supporting of himself in food, and the under-mentioned burthens; and that the presentation of the vicar on each vacancy, should belong to the keeper of the hospital for ever. Moreover, that the vicar should have, in part of the said sum, for his endowment, all predial tithes at Natynden, due to the hospital of old time, which were worth five marcs or thereabout yearly, and also all predial tithes through this whole parish; excepting of the demesne lands and estates of the hospital within the parish, whilst in tillage; and excepting all manner of predial tithes, and others whatsoever, arising from the lands, and beasts feeding on them, and their young folded on them, lying on the south part of the course of water running in this parish, called Vischmannysbourne, between the church and the court of the hospital at le Hothe, of which tithes he should not claim any thing, in any shape whatever. Moreover, that the vicar should have, towards the making up the sum of the aforesaid 10l. all tithes of calves, lambs, geese, flax, wool, milk, milkmeats, cheese, hay, herbage, silva cedua, and all titheable things within the parish, except only as before excepted. The vicar, therefore, should have all oblations in the church, and parish without the court of the hospital at la Hoth; and as the vicar himself, as if rector of the place, would possess such emoluments within it, he should support the undermentioned burthens from them, that is, he should amend and repair the chancel of the church at his own cost, and should support the mansion already built for him, and should find wine and bread and lights in the church, necessary for the celebrations, at his own expence, and should undergo all other burthens to be imposed in future on the church, which were not then taxed to the payment of the tenths, and should acknowledge them duly, and pay them; that he should be obliged to make a continual residence within the parish, as the other vicars of churches were obliged by law to do; and that he should obey the keeper of the hospital in all lawful and honest matters, the archbishop reserving to himself and his successors, the power of correcting, augmenting, and diminishing this his decree, as often as it should be expeding to him and them so to do.
According to which endowment, the vicarage of this church still continues, the vicar, as if rector of the parish, receiving all the tithes, both great and small, within it, except as is therein excepted, and of the portion of lands in Nackington; and from the time before-mentioned, the keeper, or master, as he is now called, of Eastbridge hospital, has continued, and is, the present patron of it.
Ā¶The vicarage is valued in the king's books at 10l. and the yearly tenths at one pound. In 1537 here were thirty families, and ninety-four communicants. In 1588 it was valued at 40l. communicants 129. In 1640 it was valued at 65l. the like number of communicants. It was lately certified to be of the clear yearly value of 73l. 14s. 6d. but it is now worth near double that sum. The portion of tithes, in the parish of Nackington, &c. consists of those arising from 116 acres of land, or thereabout, lying in various detached pieces, belonging to different owners, and is worth about 44l. annual value.
There are near two acres of glebe land belonging to it.
We stumbled upon All Saints en route to a different church, and as all those seen thus far on this day had been small and plain, not much was expected. But I saw the tower from along the main street, and looked impressive. and once parked we found it unlocked and welcoming.
Star of the show is the northern chapel, given over to the Culpepper family, with a fabulous tomb in the centre. On the walls, dozens of blank shields show what had been planned to be the family mausoleum for centuries, but things changed, the family moved away and the chapel has just three shields decorated.
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There was considerable damage caused to this church in an earthquake of 1382. The medieval accounts survive so we know that 48s 2d was spent on the rebuilding. Little can have changed to the structure since that time, except for the construction of a north chapel in 1638. This chapel has a charming pattern of flint flushwork triangles in a horizontal course below the battlements. It contains one of the most interesting seventeenth-century monuments in Kent - to commemorate Lady Elizabeth Culpepper (d. 1638), carved and signed by the Court Sculptor Edward Marshall. The detail is amazing and the cord that connects her ring and wrist is always pointed out to visitors. The rest of the church was restored early in the career of George Gilbert Scott Jr in 1876 (see also Frinsted) and retains its patina of age unimaginable in a restoration by Scott Sr. The pulpit is early seventeenth century and dates from a few years after the much crocketed font cover. There are three signed monuments by Rysbrack and a tall crownpost roof of good construction in the nave.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Hollingbourne
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HOLLINGBORNE.
THE next parish north-westward from Harrietsham is Hollingborne, called in Domesday, Hoilingeborde, and in later records, Holingburnan and Holingeburne. It probably took its name from the spring which rises in the vale underneath the hill, in this parish.
THE PARISH of Hollingborne is situated much the same as that of Harrietsham last described, close to the great ridge of chalk hills, at the foot of which is the village called Hollingborne-street, in which at the south end of it stands the church and vicarage, and near them a well-looking brick mansion, of the time of queen Elizabeth, which by its appearance must have had owners of good condition in former times, but what is remarkable the rector of Hollingborne claims some rooms in this house in right of his rectory at this time. The road through Newnhambottom from Ospringe and Canterbury passes through Hollingborne-street, and thence through Eyhorne, commonly called Iron-street, in this parish, where there are two good houses, one belonging to Robert Salmon, esq. who resides in it, and the other built not many years since by Mr. John Weeks, who died possessed of it in 1785. Hence the road leads on, and joins the Ashford high road through Bersted to Maidstone. The southern part of this parish consists mostly of a deep sand, the whole of it below the hill is well watered by some small streams, which running southward join the Lenham rivulet in its way to Maidstone. Nearer the street the soil becomes a chalk, which continues to the summit of the hill, at the edge of which stands Mr. Duppa's house, whence the remaining part of this parish northward, situated on high ground, and exposed to the cold bleak winds, is but a wild and dreary country, with thick hedgerows, and frequent coppices of wood, mostly of hazel and oak, and small unthriving trees of the latter dispersed among them; the soil a deep tillage land, wet and very poor, being a red cludgy earth, covered with quantities of flint stones. On Eyhorne green, or as it is commonly called Broad-street, in this parish, in October yearly, two constables are chosen, one for the upper, the other for the lower half hundred of Eyhorne, each of which district consists of the twelve adjoining parishes, the borsholders in which, and the several boroughs in them, except such as are chosen at the different court leets, are chosen here likewise.
This parish, with the manor of Elnothington in it, together with the rest of the hundred of Eyhorne, was antiently bound to contribute to the repair of the sixth pier of Rochester bridge.
ĆTHELSTAN ETHELING, son of Ethelred II. gave by his will in 1015, to Christ-church, in Canterbury, his lands at Hollingborne, with their appurtenances, excepting one plough-land, which he had given to Siserth. In the MSS. in Bennet college library, Cambridge, of the evidences of Christ-church, Canterbury, intitled Thorn, printed in Decim. Script. f. 2221, this gift is said to have been made in 980; a very improbable circumstance, the king, his elder brother, at that time being but fourteen years of age.
These lands he had bought of his father, and gave them, with his consent, to Christ-church, L. S. A. that is, free from all secular service, excepting the trinoda necessitas, in like manner as Adisham had been given to it.
The manor of Hollingborne remained part of the possessions of the church of Canterbury at the time of the conquest, when the revenues of it were enjoyed as one common estate by the archbishop and his convent; but archbishop Lanfranc, after the example of foreign churches, separating them, in the partition Hollingborne fell to the share of the monks, and was allotted for their subsistence, (or ad Cibum, as it was usually termed) and it is accordingly thus entered in the book of Domesday, under the general title of Terra Monachorum Archiepi, i. e. the land of the monks of the archbishop.
The archbishop himself holds Hoilingeborde. It was taxed at six sulings. The arable land is twenty-four carucates. In demesne there are two, and sixty-one villeins, with sixteen borderers, having twenty-three carucates. There is a church, twelve servants, and two mills, and eight acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of forty hogs. In the whole, in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth twenty pounds, and now it is worth thirty pounds. To this manor there adjoins half a suling, which never paid scot, this the bishop of Baieux rents of the archbishop.
At this time, the whole of the above premises seems to have been valued at thirty pounds.
King Henry II. granted to the monks of Christchurch a charter for their lands at Hollingborne upon the Hills. In the 10th year of king Edward II. the prior obtained a charter of free-warren for his manor of Hollingborne, among others; about which time it was, with its appurtenances, valued at 46l. 9s. 8d. King Henry VI. by his letters patent, in his 25th and 26th year, granted to the prior a market, to be held at this place weekly on a Wednesday, and a fair yearly on the feast of St. Anne. (fn. 1)
William Selling, who was elected prior in the next reign of king Edward IV. anno 1472, during the time of his holding that dignity, greatly improved the prior's apartments here. After which, it seems to have undergone no material alteration till the dissolution of the priory, which was surrendered into the hands of king Henry VIII. in the 31st year of his reign.
The manor of Hollingborne did not remain long in the hands of the crown; for the king settled it, by his dotation charter, in his 33d year, on his newerected dean and chapter of Canterbury, part of whose possessions it now remains.
There is a court-leet and court baron regularly held by the dean and chapter for this manor, which extends likewise into the adjoining parishes of Hucking, Bredhurst, and Harrietsham, the quit-rents of it called Beadle-rents, being about forty-two pounds per annum.
Ā¶BUT THE DEMESNE LANDS of this manor have been from time to time leased out by the dean and chapter at a reserved rent of 10l. 9s. The year after the grant of it to them, they demised them by lease to I. Reynolde, as they did anno 19 Elizabeth to William Puresoy, in whose family they remained till the beginning of king James I.'s reign. After which the Fludds held them in lease, and continued so to do, till their interest in them was passed away to W. Alabaster, D. D. After which these premises were held in succession by Bargrave, Boys, Farewell, and Gookin, till the year 1684, when Sir Thomas Culpeper, had a lease of them, in whose family they continued till John Spencer Colepeper, of the Charterhouse, passed away his interest in them to the Hon. Robert Fairfax, who held them in 1758, and then alienated his lease to Francis Child, esq. banker in London, whose brother Robert Child, esq. of London, banker, dying in 1782, the trustees of his will, Robert Dent and John Keysel, esqrs. are now in the possession of his interest in the lease of these demesnes, under the dean and chapter, besides which the dean and chapter have several other lands and woods here leased out by them to different persons.
HOLLINGBORNE is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deaury of Sutton; and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to All Saints, is a handsome building, consisting of three large isles, with a chancel at the end of the middle one, and a square tower at the west end. The chancel is much enriched with the monuments of the family of Culpeper, of Greenway-court, and for two of the lords Culpeper, one of them by Rysbrack; on the north side is one for Sir Martin Barnham and his two wives, in 1610, their three figures kneeling at a desk, and underneath their children. At the east end of the north isle there is a small neat chapel, raised up several steps to give room for a vault underneath, in which lie the remains of all this branch of the Culpeper family. The sides of the chapel are filled with black escutcheons, and square tablets of black marble alternately, only two of these among the numbers of them are filled up, and those with younger branches of the family settled elsewhere, a proof of the disappointment of the vain endeavours of the builder to transmit the memory of his descendants to posterity. On the middle of the pavement is a beautiful raised monument of white marble, and the figure of a lady, lying at full length, in the habit of the times, of exceeding good sculpture, in memory of Elizabeth, lady of Sir Thomas Culpeper, daughter of John Cheney, esq. of Sussex, obt. 1638. In the isle a monument for Nich. Chaloner, esq. obt. 1706. Against the north wall of the north isle for two of the family of Duppa, and at the lower end of the church, for the Plummers, Collins's and Dykes. In the middle isle a stone, on which have been the figures of a man and woman in brass, but two shields of arms remain, being quarterly, first and fourth, A chevron, engrailed on a chief, three sleurs de lis; second and third, Three fishes, wavy, sessways, in pale.
There is belonging to this church, a most superb altar-cloth, and a pulpit-cloth and cushion, of purple velvet, ornamented with different figures of fruits of pomegranets and grapes, wrought in gold, the needlework of the daughters of Sir John Colepeper, afterwards created lord Colepeper, who employed themselves for almost the space of twelve years in the working of them, during their father's absence abroad with king Charles II.
The communion plate is very handsome, and an swerable to the above-mentioned furniture, being mostly the gift of the family of Colepeper, and some of it of Baldwin Duppa, esq.
John Eweyn, by his will proved in 1527, gave a table of alabaster, to stand upon the altar of St. John the Baptist in this church; and money to the repair of St. John's chapel in it. John Aleff, parson of Hollingborne, as appears by his will in 1537, was buried in the way beside the porch-door, on the right hand, and that there was set in the wall, nigh his grave, a stone with a plate of sculpture, mentioning where and when he was buried. He had before been vicar of Little Chart, and of St. Laurence Wolton, as he was then of St. John's Sherburne, in Hampshire.
The church of Hollingborne, to which the chapels of Hucking and Bredhurst were antiently annexed, is a sinecure rectory, with a vicarage endowed. The rector of Hollingborne is at this time patron of the perpetual curacy of the chapel of Bredhurst. The archbishop is patron both of the rectory and of the vicarage of Hollingborne, the vicar of which is collated to this vicarage, with the chapel of Hucking annexed.
The vicarage was endowed before the year 1407, in which year Arthur Sentleger, the rector, granted to William Maunby, vicar of this church, a messuage, with its appurtenances in this parish, for the habitation of himself and his successors for ever. (fn. 5) In archbishop Chichele's register, at Lambeth, there is an unauthenticated writing of a composition, made about the year 1441, for it is without date, between William Lyeff, then rector here, and John Fsylde, vicar, upon the assignation of a proper portion for the endowment of this vicarage in future times.
The rectory of Hollingborne is valued in the king's books at 28l. 15s. 5d. and the tenths at 2l. 17s. 6 1/7d. The vicarage is valued in them at 7l. 6s. 8d. and the yearly tenths at 14s. 8d. The vicarage in 1640 was valued at eighty-six pounds, and the communicants were then 271. It is now of the yearly certified value of 70l. 16s. 8d.
The vicarage was augmented twenty pounds per annum, by lease between Ralph Staunton, rector, and Sir Thomas Culpeper, of this parish.
Ā¶The name of Culpeper, or Colepeper, is so variously spelt in different deeds and records, that it is impossible to keep with any rule to either spelling; on all the monuments, and in the parish register, (excepting in two instances in the last) it is spelt Culpeper.
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Co. H, 78th PA. Infantry
Toronto Republican, Friday, Apr. 24, 1896, Pg. 4
Vol. XIV, No. 18
DEATH OF JOHN F. PATTERSON.
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The family and friends of John F. Patterson were quite prepared for his death, which occurred last Saturday, April 18; his demise had been expected for several days, and it brought relief to him who had suffered intensely. As chronicled in last weekās REPUBLICAN, Mr. Patterson had suffered intermittently from Brightās disease, with complications, for several years, and this finally caused his death. A few weeks before his fatal illness he said that he was quite ready and willing to go, and would not be here long. A week before he died, while frenzied with pain, his mind became unbalanced and he attempted to take his life, but was prevented from doing so by his son, Holland. When he became rational again he repented this rash act, and became reconciled to endure his sufferings. He died peacefully, surrounded by most of his family.
The deceased was born in Derry county, Ireland, June 4, 1835. His parents emigrated to America when he was 4 years old and settled in Allegheny county, Pa. At the age of 20 years he married Louisa J. Cox, who survives him. Twelve children were born to them, eight of whom are living. He embraced the Christian religion when he was 24 years old and joined the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Patterson enlisted in the service of his country during the civil war, and fought for three years as a private in the 78th Pa. Vol. In 1871, he and his family removed to Kansas and located in Anderson county; later he came to Woodson county and resided here until his death.
The funeral occurred Sunday afternoon, the service being conducted at the home by Rev. L. D. Wimmer, pastor of the United Brethren church.
In the biography of Samuel L. Patterson his son in History of Allen and Woodson Counties, Kansas: embellished with portraits of well known people of these counties, with biographies of our representative citizens, cuts of public buildings and a map of each county / Edited and Compiled by L. Wallace Duncan and Chas. F. Scott. Iola Registers, Printers and Binders, Iola, Kan.: 1901
SAMUEL L. PATTERSON.
Woodson County is very fortunate in having for her officials men of high character and genuine worth, capable in business, prompt in action and reliable and trustworthy in the performance of duty. On the roster appears the name of Samuel Patterson, who is now serving as county sheriff, and who well deserves mention in this volume as one of the leading and influential citizens of southeastern Kansas.
Mr. Patterson is a native of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where his birth occurred July 8, 1865. The family is of Irish descent and was established on American soil by the grandfather Patterson, who in the year 1839 brought his family to the United States, locating in Pittsburg, where he spent the residue of his days. He was a harness-maker by trade, and by following that pursuit provided for his family. John F. Patterson, the father of our subject, was born in Ireland in 1835, and was therefore only four years of age when an ocean vessel brought the family to the New World. He was reared in the Keystone state and at the time of the Civil war he manifested his loyalty to the government by joining the Seventy-eighth Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers with which he served for three years, meeting the enemy on many a southern battlefield. He married Josephine Cox and in 1871 came with his family to Kansas, locating in Anderson County, where he made his home until 1888, when he came to Woodson County, spending his last days in Toronto township, his death occurring in 1896. His wife was called to her final rest in 1898. Their children were: George, of Arkansas; John, who was the first marshal of Yates Center, and died in Woodson County; Mary, wife of James Wilkins, of Webster County, Missouri; Samuel L., of this sketch; Susan, wife of Murray Goff, of Denver, Colorado; Robert, of Woodson County; Alexander of Illinois; Mathew, who is also living in this county, and Emma, wife of Charles Newtson, of Mason City, Illinois.
Throughout the greater part of his life Samuel Patterson has resided in Kansas and is imbued with the true western spirit of progress and enterprise. He came to Woodson County when twenty-two years of age and for one year was engaged in clerking for E. B. Rall, of Toronto. He then embarked in merchandising on his own account and after nearly a year traded his store for a farm in Barton County, Missouri, operating the same for about twelve months, when he resumed merchandising at Iantha, Missouri. Four months later, however, financial reverses overtook him and he turned his attention to blacksmithing, which he there learned and followed during his two years' residence in Iantha. Going to Toronto he built a shop and there worked at his trade until July, 1899, when he was called to public office.
The political faith of the Pattersons is Republican, and like the other members of the family our subject allied his interests with the "Grand Old Party," casting his first presidential vote for Benjamin Harrison in 1888. While residing in Toronto he was elected and served as city marshal, and that service proved an excellent training school for his present official duties. In 1899 he had three competitors for the nomination for sheriff, but he was the fortunate candidate and won the election by eleven votes, thus becoming the successor of M. E. Hunt.
In January. 1888, in Woodson County, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Patterson and Miss Verda Ledgerwood, a daughter of S. M. Ledgerwood, of Lamar, Missouri, but formerly of Dubois County, Indiana. Their children are Francis, Ferne and Pearl. Socially Mr. Patterson is connected with several fraternal organizations. He belongs to the lodge and Rebekah department of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is also identified through membership relations with the Knights of Pythias fraternity, the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the Modern Woodmen of America. Fearless in the discharge of his public duties, showing no favor in the performance of the tasks which devolve upon him, he is a faithful custodian of the public peace and of the law, and has made an enviable record in office.
Promise Fulfilled, Accomplishment Achieved at WSSU Commencement on May 14
WINSTON-SALEM, NC -- For Jeanette Valentine, earning her bachelorās degree in business administration will be fulfilling on many levels.
Valentine, 50, is one of the approximately 1,000 undergraduate and graduate students who are expected to participate in WSSUās Spring Commencement exercises on May 14 at 9:45 a.m. in the Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum. Stephen A. Smith, noted journalist, media personality and motivational speaker, will be the keynote speaker.
Commencement will mark a special satisfaction not just because Valentine, a travel audit officer in WSSUās accounting department, will be graduating with her 24-year-old son William R. Valentine. Itās because of a long-time promise fulfilled. Valentine made the promise to her mother back in 1978. Her mother and father never graduated from high school. When Valentineās mother, who was battling cancer, asked her to promise she would graduate college, Valentine did. Valentineās mother died two weeks before she graduated high school. Valentine was devastated over losing her mother.
āI started school at WSSU that year, but it lasted only one semester. I didnāt have the drive. I was still too distressed and overcome by my motherās death. I couldnāt focus on school,ā Valentine said.
Instead, Valentine got married, had two children and eventually went to work at a few jobs before coming to work at WSSU in 2006. In 2007, she decided to return to school since her children were adults. At the same time, her son who graduated high school in 2004 was thinking about returning to college after quitting previously. By fall 2007, both with full-time jobs returned to school at WSSU. He was an exercise science major and she was in the School of Business and Economics.
āHe was so career focused on his job and he was doing well. But I kept pushing him and telling him he had to get a degree. I was thrilled he came back to school and that we were in school at the same time. It was exciting,ā said Valentine.
Eventually Valentine saw her son was distracted by work. They talked and it was he who asked they agree to push each other so they could graduate at the same time.
That time is now. Valentine is thrilled they are graduating together. She says it feels like she has kept the promise made to her mother times two.
āIn addition to the accomplishment, it may be quite an emotional day,ā Valentine said.
Valentine is a member of Beta Gamma Sigma, the international honor society for collegiate schools of business as well as Alpha Sigma Lambda, a national honor society for Adult Learners in Continuing Higher Education. She plans to pursue her masterās degree at Liberty University.
Extraordinary Journey
It will be a festive ending to an extraordinary journey for Jerrica Scott, 24, of Winston-Salem. For Scott, commencement will symbolize the end of a passage marked by limitations, fear and uncertainty. It will be a celebration of a personal renaissance, driven by a theme that anything is possible with faith, passion and purpose.
āNo matter how bad things may look, you can make a difference in your own life and the lives of others if you work really hard and know things can change. Soon things may look different, then not so bad, better, even good.ā
Scottās journey is verification of her belief. She entered WSSU to earn a four-year bachelorās degree in elementary education six years ago as a single teen-aged mom. During that time as a full-time student, living on her own with her young daughter, she worked full-time, changed majors multiple times, quit school, got married, had another child, returned to school, made up a semester of credits lost when she quit and found her way back to the major that gave her the purpose.
āJust before I started my freshman year, I could hear people saying now that I had a baby as a teenager, my life was over or I wouldnāt get very far,ā noted Scott. āBecause I got pregnant in high school and had a baby in my first year of college, it didnāt mean I would be a failure. I did not want to be the stereotype of a young single mom who would work only at fast food restaurants or be on welfare the rest of her life.ā
Although Scott was determined, she became distracted during her second year.
āI was failing classes miserably. I was living on my own and I was 18 years old. I felt lost and beaten, so I quit school,ā Scott said who worked as a waitress. āThen one day, my manager told me the biggest thing he regretted was not finishing school. So if you donāt want to be waiting tables for the rest of your life, you need to go back to school. ā
That was the turning point for Scott. She also thought about her mother, a cosmetologist, who always stressed the importance of education and often expressed interest in wanting her children to be greater than she. Scott soon quit her job and returned to school. Her best friend and others helped her find her way back to the major that aligned with where her talents and passions had always been -- elementary education.
āMy best friend told me this is what I suppose to be doing. She told me we are going over there right now and you are going to get enrolled back into school. I just thank her,ā said Scott.
Then she met a good man who cared about her and her daughter. It was like an unattainable dream. They soon married. Her second daughter was born in 2010. Now in school and completely focused on her education, Scott delivered the baby on a Friday and returned class on Monday.
Scott is currently working as a substitute teacher and searching for a fulltime permanent teaching job. She is also going to be the āfirst in my family to graduate college.ā
Multiple Job Offers Early in Her Senior Year
Information technology major Kristen Dunlap, 21, of Charlotte, has accomplished a standout achievement, even before she completed her last year of college. In this challenging economy, she had two job offers from Fortune 500 companies one before her senior year, the other early in her senior year. She selected one position which she will begin this summer.
Dunlap attributes her success to internships, which she began participating in back in her freshman year. That first one was a summer research experience for undergraduate WSSU computer science students at WSSU, funded by NASA. She used, GIS visualization tools to visualize North Carolina weather patterns. The goal of the summer program was to expose students to researching skills and help to develop their problem solving and critical thinking skills.
For her second year, Dunlap interned at the NASA Langley, Va., facility where she worked as a liaison between the technology and client teams for the database tracking system used to manage NASAās contractual projects.
For summer 2010, she was an intern at Altria Client Services in Richmond ,Va., where she worked on data archiving to consolidate previous and current information to migrate to a new system.
āYou can never underestimate the value of internships. I started utilizing the WSSU Career Services office in my second year. My parents always told me to be aggressive at seeking job opportunities. I didnāt want to be a person to work hard for four years and have no job in the end,ā Dunlap said.
She will start her new job at Altria Client Services as an IT assistant analyst.
The Entertainment Mogul
Erikka Rainey, 22, of Philadelphia wants to be a female Sean āP-Diddyā Combs. In fact, she has wanted to be an entertainment mogul from a very young age. As a child, she dabbled in music and even took classes, but by age 14, she knew wholeheartedly that she wanted to be on the business side of the music industry.
āWhen I first learned about P-Diddy, I knew that was where I wanted my future to be,ā said Rainey. āI look up to P- Diddy because Iām working to be the first female to start a record label, then restaurants, clothing lines and television shows.ā
When she sees a famous entertainer, she wonders what sort of things they did in their career to get famous. If not famous, she wonders what it would take to make them famous. While at WSSU she jumped at every opportunity to market and promote musical artists and events. She worked with Hidden Beach Recordings to promote events for a new CD. She passed out flyers and did social media and internet marketing for jazz artist Monette Sudler of Philadelphia this past summer.
āIf thereās one thing I live by, itās take advantage of all opportunities. Donāt close yourself off to anything. You never know what you will learn that can be the key to your future,ā Rainey said.
An honor student, Rainey will be attending New York Universityās (NYU) music business program in the fall. She plans to maintain at least one home in New York City after graduate school when her career kicks off.
My first week at work completed. I surprised myself. I was expecting to be planning escape routes, finding reasons to leave early, sourcing hiding places for tots of whiskey and emergency chocolate.
To my utter shock I found that I was able to partake in my favourite past time whilst being paid. I had regular bouts of hysterics (and not the unhappy, smudged make up, pulling hair out kind). I had forgotten that real people (and not only Russell Brand or Eddie Izzard) are able to make me bend double.
So this weekend, having done one of those 5-day weeks that I have heard legend of I felt totally justified in returning to loaf-dom. Previously my lolling on the bed with a library of vengeful DVDs playing continuously throughout the day, lying in a nest of magazines and books and permitting myself to nap like a fifteen year old goth on his summer holidays felt just a little bit uncomfortable. I felt the odd wince of pain as I recalled all the things I ought to be doing. I wrote lists that I knew would be used only as bookmarks.
Now having spent 40 hours wincing in an office at different things that needed to be done I had to turn off my guilt valve and wallow in luxurious nothing.
Iām becoming a dirty old woman though.
Athletics is on TV and where once I wouldnāt have been that interested now I ogle like a farmer at an auction.
I shouldnāt admit this but I hope that I am not aloneā¦.. During the weekend I was sat on the tube when a gaggle of cricketing schoolboys stumbled aboard my carriage oozing boyish scents, lynx, Physio sport ā these cheap boyish deodorants drive me a bit wild and I (surreptitiously of course) studied them and wondered which would become fabulous specimens of men in a few years time. I wondered if there should be some kind of bidding system on ebay for boys/men coming of age and you can put in a bid and see in a few years time if you win your very own fresh young man to corrupt. They did it in Japan with Geishas ā and perhaps there could be a clause where you could withdraw your bid if you found that your chosen boy was developing into rather a geeky gangly stork rather than the curly haired figure of David that you had hoped.
"You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches were bare against the wind and the cold, wintery light. But you knew there would always be the spring, as you knew the river would flow again after it was frozen. When the cold rains kept on and killed the spring, it was as though a young person died for no reason."
ā Ernest Hemingway (A Moveable Feast)
Its just too damn cold to be Spring... ć ć ć
*Nikon 1 V1 and Nikon 55-200mm Nikkor ED VR G Lens
My work is for sale via Getty Images and at Redbubble and 500px
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Ā©2012- Tom Raven - Toute reproduction, mĆŖme partielle INTERDITE
iPhone photo.
I didn't expect to use an iPhone photo in this 365, but I love the composition of this shot, and I find this photo somehow very calming.
Our oldest son's Show Choir season has begun (I'm sure there will be photos of competition to come in this 365). On Saturday he had to be at the school at 6:00am, they drove 75 minutes to the school where they were competing and the Girl's Show Choir competed at 10:00am (my son plays piano in the band for the girls choir). Then, he competed in the Mixed Show Choir at 4:45pm, then they made it to finals (!!!), so they competed AGAIN at 10:00pm. This is an almost 20 minute, high energy, dancing and singing show. I watched and literally didn't know how they were still giving it so much energy. They made it through awards (they got 5th place out of 18) and drove back to the school an unloaded. He got back to the school at 2:20am Sunday morning.
Six more Saturdays like this to come. He's 17, a straight A student. But, he doesn't eat well--how do teens survive on so little nutritionally?-- and he absolutely doesn't sleep enough.
So, hopefully, there will be six more Sundays of rest to come.
This photo is calming to me... a little like the eye of a hurricane, but still truly calming.
We stumbled upon All Saints en route to a different church, and as all those seen thus far on this day had been small and plain, not much was expected. But I saw the tower from along the main street, and looked impressive. and once parked we found it unlocked and welcoming.
Star of the show is the northern chapel, given over to the Culpepper family, with a fabulous tomb in the centre. On the walls, dozens of blank shields show what had been planned to be the family mausoleum for centuries, but things changed, the family moved away and the chapel has just three shields decorated.
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There was considerable damage caused to this church in an earthquake of 1382. The medieval accounts survive so we know that 48s 2d was spent on the rebuilding. Little can have changed to the structure since that time, except for the construction of a north chapel in 1638. This chapel has a charming pattern of flint flushwork triangles in a horizontal course below the battlements. It contains one of the most interesting seventeenth-century monuments in Kent - to commemorate Lady Elizabeth Culpepper (d. 1638), carved and signed by the Court Sculptor Edward Marshall. The detail is amazing and the cord that connects her ring and wrist is always pointed out to visitors. The rest of the church was restored early in the career of George Gilbert Scott Jr in 1876 (see also Frinsted) and retains its patina of age unimaginable in a restoration by Scott Sr. The pulpit is early seventeenth century and dates from a few years after the much crocketed font cover. There are three signed monuments by Rysbrack and a tall crownpost roof of good construction in the nave.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Hollingbourne
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HOLLINGBORNE.
THE next parish north-westward from Harrietsham is Hollingborne, called in Domesday, Hoilingeborde, and in later records, Holingburnan and Holingeburne. It probably took its name from the spring which rises in the vale underneath the hill, in this parish.
THE PARISH of Hollingborne is situated much the same as that of Harrietsham last described, close to the great ridge of chalk hills, at the foot of which is the village called Hollingborne-street, in which at the south end of it stands the church and vicarage, and near them a well-looking brick mansion, of the time of queen Elizabeth, which by its appearance must have had owners of good condition in former times, but what is remarkable the rector of Hollingborne claims some rooms in this house in right of his rectory at this time. The road through Newnhambottom from Ospringe and Canterbury passes through Hollingborne-street, and thence through Eyhorne, commonly called Iron-street, in this parish, where there are two good houses, one belonging to Robert Salmon, esq. who resides in it, and the other built not many years since by Mr. John Weeks, who died possessed of it in 1785. Hence the road leads on, and joins the Ashford high road through Bersted to Maidstone. The southern part of this parish consists mostly of a deep sand, the whole of it below the hill is well watered by some small streams, which running southward join the Lenham rivulet in its way to Maidstone. Nearer the street the soil becomes a chalk, which continues to the summit of the hill, at the edge of which stands Mr. Duppa's house, whence the remaining part of this parish northward, situated on high ground, and exposed to the cold bleak winds, is but a wild and dreary country, with thick hedgerows, and frequent coppices of wood, mostly of hazel and oak, and small unthriving trees of the latter dispersed among them; the soil a deep tillage land, wet and very poor, being a red cludgy earth, covered with quantities of flint stones. On Eyhorne green, or as it is commonly called Broad-street, in this parish, in October yearly, two constables are chosen, one for the upper, the other for the lower half hundred of Eyhorne, each of which district consists of the twelve adjoining parishes, the borsholders in which, and the several boroughs in them, except such as are chosen at the different court leets, are chosen here likewise.
This parish, with the manor of Elnothington in it, together with the rest of the hundred of Eyhorne, was antiently bound to contribute to the repair of the sixth pier of Rochester bridge.
ĆTHELSTAN ETHELING, son of Ethelred II. gave by his will in 1015, to Christ-church, in Canterbury, his lands at Hollingborne, with their appurtenances, excepting one plough-land, which he had given to Siserth. In the MSS. in Bennet college library, Cambridge, of the evidences of Christ-church, Canterbury, intitled Thorn, printed in Decim. Script. f. 2221, this gift is said to have been made in 980; a very improbable circumstance, the king, his elder brother, at that time being but fourteen years of age.
These lands he had bought of his father, and gave them, with his consent, to Christ-church, L. S. A. that is, free from all secular service, excepting the trinoda necessitas, in like manner as Adisham had been given to it.
The manor of Hollingborne remained part of the possessions of the church of Canterbury at the time of the conquest, when the revenues of it were enjoyed as one common estate by the archbishop and his convent; but archbishop Lanfranc, after the example of foreign churches, separating them, in the partition Hollingborne fell to the share of the monks, and was allotted for their subsistence, (or ad Cibum, as it was usually termed) and it is accordingly thus entered in the book of Domesday, under the general title of Terra Monachorum Archiepi, i. e. the land of the monks of the archbishop.
The archbishop himself holds Hoilingeborde. It was taxed at six sulings. The arable land is twenty-four carucates. In demesne there are two, and sixty-one villeins, with sixteen borderers, having twenty-three carucates. There is a church, twelve servants, and two mills, and eight acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of forty hogs. In the whole, in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth twenty pounds, and now it is worth thirty pounds. To this manor there adjoins half a suling, which never paid scot, this the bishop of Baieux rents of the archbishop.
At this time, the whole of the above premises seems to have been valued at thirty pounds.
King Henry II. granted to the monks of Christchurch a charter for their lands at Hollingborne upon the Hills. In the 10th year of king Edward II. the prior obtained a charter of free-warren for his manor of Hollingborne, among others; about which time it was, with its appurtenances, valued at 46l. 9s. 8d. King Henry VI. by his letters patent, in his 25th and 26th year, granted to the prior a market, to be held at this place weekly on a Wednesday, and a fair yearly on the feast of St. Anne. (fn. 1)
William Selling, who was elected prior in the next reign of king Edward IV. anno 1472, during the time of his holding that dignity, greatly improved the prior's apartments here. After which, it seems to have undergone no material alteration till the dissolution of the priory, which was surrendered into the hands of king Henry VIII. in the 31st year of his reign.
The manor of Hollingborne did not remain long in the hands of the crown; for the king settled it, by his dotation charter, in his 33d year, on his newerected dean and chapter of Canterbury, part of whose possessions it now remains.
There is a court-leet and court baron regularly held by the dean and chapter for this manor, which extends likewise into the adjoining parishes of Hucking, Bredhurst, and Harrietsham, the quit-rents of it called Beadle-rents, being about forty-two pounds per annum.
Ā¶BUT THE DEMESNE LANDS of this manor have been from time to time leased out by the dean and chapter at a reserved rent of 10l. 9s. The year after the grant of it to them, they demised them by lease to I. Reynolde, as they did anno 19 Elizabeth to William Puresoy, in whose family they remained till the beginning of king James I.'s reign. After which the Fludds held them in lease, and continued so to do, till their interest in them was passed away to W. Alabaster, D. D. After which these premises were held in succession by Bargrave, Boys, Farewell, and Gookin, till the year 1684, when Sir Thomas Culpeper, had a lease of them, in whose family they continued till John Spencer Colepeper, of the Charterhouse, passed away his interest in them to the Hon. Robert Fairfax, who held them in 1758, and then alienated his lease to Francis Child, esq. banker in London, whose brother Robert Child, esq. of London, banker, dying in 1782, the trustees of his will, Robert Dent and John Keysel, esqrs. are now in the possession of his interest in the lease of these demesnes, under the dean and chapter, besides which the dean and chapter have several other lands and woods here leased out by them to different persons.
HOLLINGBORNE is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deaury of Sutton; and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to All Saints, is a handsome building, consisting of three large isles, with a chancel at the end of the middle one, and a square tower at the west end. The chancel is much enriched with the monuments of the family of Culpeper, of Greenway-court, and for two of the lords Culpeper, one of them by Rysbrack; on the north side is one for Sir Martin Barnham and his two wives, in 1610, their three figures kneeling at a desk, and underneath their children. At the east end of the north isle there is a small neat chapel, raised up several steps to give room for a vault underneath, in which lie the remains of all this branch of the Culpeper family. The sides of the chapel are filled with black escutcheons, and square tablets of black marble alternately, only two of these among the numbers of them are filled up, and those with younger branches of the family settled elsewhere, a proof of the disappointment of the vain endeavours of the builder to transmit the memory of his descendants to posterity. On the middle of the pavement is a beautiful raised monument of white marble, and the figure of a lady, lying at full length, in the habit of the times, of exceeding good sculpture, in memory of Elizabeth, lady of Sir Thomas Culpeper, daughter of John Cheney, esq. of Sussex, obt. 1638. In the isle a monument for Nich. Chaloner, esq. obt. 1706. Against the north wall of the north isle for two of the family of Duppa, and at the lower end of the church, for the Plummers, Collins's and Dykes. In the middle isle a stone, on which have been the figures of a man and woman in brass, but two shields of arms remain, being quarterly, first and fourth, A chevron, engrailed on a chief, three sleurs de lis; second and third, Three fishes, wavy, sessways, in pale.
There is belonging to this church, a most superb altar-cloth, and a pulpit-cloth and cushion, of purple velvet, ornamented with different figures of fruits of pomegranets and grapes, wrought in gold, the needlework of the daughters of Sir John Colepeper, afterwards created lord Colepeper, who employed themselves for almost the space of twelve years in the working of them, during their father's absence abroad with king Charles II.
The communion plate is very handsome, and an swerable to the above-mentioned furniture, being mostly the gift of the family of Colepeper, and some of it of Baldwin Duppa, esq.
John Eweyn, by his will proved in 1527, gave a table of alabaster, to stand upon the altar of St. John the Baptist in this church; and money to the repair of St. John's chapel in it. John Aleff, parson of Hollingborne, as appears by his will in 1537, was buried in the way beside the porch-door, on the right hand, and that there was set in the wall, nigh his grave, a stone with a plate of sculpture, mentioning where and when he was buried. He had before been vicar of Little Chart, and of St. Laurence Wolton, as he was then of St. John's Sherburne, in Hampshire.
The church of Hollingborne, to which the chapels of Hucking and Bredhurst were antiently annexed, is a sinecure rectory, with a vicarage endowed. The rector of Hollingborne is at this time patron of the perpetual curacy of the chapel of Bredhurst. The archbishop is patron both of the rectory and of the vicarage of Hollingborne, the vicar of which is collated to this vicarage, with the chapel of Hucking annexed.
The vicarage was endowed before the year 1407, in which year Arthur Sentleger, the rector, granted to William Maunby, vicar of this church, a messuage, with its appurtenances in this parish, for the habitation of himself and his successors for ever. (fn. 5) In archbishop Chichele's register, at Lambeth, there is an unauthenticated writing of a composition, made about the year 1441, for it is without date, between William Lyeff, then rector here, and John Fsylde, vicar, upon the assignation of a proper portion for the endowment of this vicarage in future times.
The rectory of Hollingborne is valued in the king's books at 28l. 15s. 5d. and the tenths at 2l. 17s. 6 1/7d. The vicarage is valued in them at 7l. 6s. 8d. and the yearly tenths at 14s. 8d. The vicarage in 1640 was valued at eighty-six pounds, and the communicants were then 271. It is now of the yearly certified value of 70l. 16s. 8d.
The vicarage was augmented twenty pounds per annum, by lease between Ralph Staunton, rector, and Sir Thomas Culpeper, of this parish.
Ā¶The name of Culpeper, or Colepeper, is so variously spelt in different deeds and records, that it is impossible to keep with any rule to either spelling; on all the monuments, and in the parish register, (excepting in two instances in the last) it is spelt Culpeper.
Public School 66 (formerly the Brooklyn Hills School, Later the Oxford School, now the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School). Richmond Hill, Queens
Originally constructed in 1898-9, Public School (P.S.) 66 is a remarkable survivor from a time when Richmond Hill, Queens, was transitioning from a rural farming community into a vibrant residential neighborhood. Three identical schools (two now demolished) were constructed in anticipation of an influx of residents, expected as a result of improvements in transportation, the subdivision of farmlands into lots for residential development, and the consolidation of Queens with Greater New York City that same year.
Also known as the Brooklyn Hills School after the suburban development in which it was physically located, P.S. 66 formally opened its doors in 1902. Harry S. Chambers, Superintendent of School Buildings for the Union Free School District No. 7 of the Town of Jamaica, Queens, is credited with the design of the original school building.
C.B.J. Snyder, Superintendent of School Buildings for the New York City Board of Education from 1890 to 1923, is noted as the architect of a 1905-6 addition.
The two-and-a-half and three-story red brick building is Victorian Eclectic in style. Many of its features are characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style and give the building a fortress-like appearance, including prominent round arches highlighting window openings and the main entrance, a flared base, and a distinctive six-story tower (restored in 2001).
Elements of the Queen Anne style are also present in the buildingās large entablatures featuring elaborate rinceaux, its gabled dormers, and the steeply pitched roofs of the 1905-6 addition, which was harmoniously designed in the style of the main section. The tower, which originally contained a bell used to call school children from neighboring farms and developments, is distinguished by round arches, brick corbelling, large masonry columns, and foliate details. An ornamental panel above the main entranceway survives and features the name of the school.
Today, P.S. 66 has been renamed the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School in honor of the former First Ladyās passion for literacy and for historic preservation and continues to serve in its original function as a grammar school. It remains one of Queensā most distinctive school structures.
Richmond Hill, Queens
P.S. 66 is geographically located in east central Queens, just south of the verdant Forest Park in the neighborhood of Richmond Hill. The area was originally part of the town of Jamaica, one of the oldest and most historically significant areas of the borough. Jamaica was inhabited by a Native American tribe called the Jameco or Yamecah, a word meaning Beaver in Algonquin, when the first Europeans arrived there in 1655.
They had came from neighboring Hempstead looking for more space to farm and in 1656 applied to Governor Stuyvesant for a patent to āpurchaseā 10 acres of land from the native tribe.4 When the English took over in 1664, the townās name was changed to Jamaica. Queens County (then including all of Nassau County) was chartered in 1683 as one of the ten counties of the colony of New York and official town patents were given to Jamaica, Newtown, and Flushing. A 1698 census of Queens County showed a total population of 3,366 white residents and 199 black residents.
While early records do indicate the existence of slaves in Jamaica, the town also had a free black population throughout its history. Through the next century, the community of Jamaica served as the county seat and became a trading post where farmers from outlying areas brought their produce.
Incorporated as a village in 1814, Jamaica became a center of trade on Long Island. Early east-west roads, like Kingās Highway, and the arrival of the first railroad, the fledgling Long Island Railroad (LIRR), in 1836, provided crucial links between Eastern Long Island and Manhattan.
Further transportation improvements following the Civil War, including a horse car line in 1866 and electric trolley in 1888, began to open up previously rural, inaccessible portions of the county. The area became ripe for urban development, much of which remained focused around Jamaica.
During the 19th century, Jamaica evolved into a retreat for urban dwellers who patronized its numerous inns and saloons on weekend excursions and built large summer homes on its open land. The permanent population of Jamaica increased steadily throughout the second half of the 19th century, and eventually some of the nearby farms were subdivided for house lots.
While driving from his Wall Street office to his Lawrence, Long Island, summer home, Albon Platt Man, a wealthy lawyer from New York City, is said to have become enamored by a sunny slope in northwest Jamaica which dropped gently southward from Long Islandās terminal moraine ridge.
Man purchased the land in 1869, consisting of five farmsteads belonging to the Lefferts, Bergen, Welling, Robertson, and Hendrickson families, amounting to more than 400 acres.9 He later acquired adjacent parcels to the north and to the east.10 Man and his business partner, Edward Richmond, a landscape architect, envisioned the development of a rural community where workers could escape from the congestion of the industrial city to peaceful homes in picturesque settings.11 They named the project Richmond Hill, most likely after the famed London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.
By the 1870s, 250 acres of Manās original purchase had been transformed into lots suitable for private residences. Between 1868 and 1874, some 400 shade and ornamental trees were planted, and various streets, avenues, and drives were laid out around the most desirable portions of the property. A passenger depot at Richmond Hill was opened in 1868 by the South Side Railroad of Long Island.
A school and a church were erected, followed shortly by both small-scale cottages and more luxurious houses built by wealthy businessmen from Manhattan. The heart of the village was the main junction of Myrtle, Jamaica, and Lefferts Avenues, near the train depot and a small grocery store / post office.
Richmond Hill continued to grow in the decades that followed, as did the surrounding neighborhoods that were similarly being developed by real estate developers and syndicates. In 1895, the three separate hamlets of Richmond Hill, Morris Park, and Clarenceville were incorporated as the Village of Richmond Hill.
The municipal independence of the village, however, was short-lived ā just three years later Queens would become part of Greater New York City. Consolidation was favorably looked upon by developers, as extension of New York Cityās water and sewers, rapid transit, and new bridges across the east river undoubtedly meant an increase in the regionās desirability.
Brooklyn Hills
In 1887, the Brooklyn Hills Improvement Company, a real estate syndicate, purchased roughly 160 acres of farmland within Richmond Hills.14 The land was easily accessible at the junction of the Long Island Railroad on Atlantic Avenue, the Rockaway Beach Railroad, the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad, and a proposed subway route (later an elevated train, now the J). To help ready the land for residential development, the company graded streets, laid flagging and sidewalks, planted more than 1,000 trees, and connected water pipes to the mains of the Woodhaven Water Supply Company.
By 1895, the company had constructed about 150 houses and 20 stores within the development that had come to be known as Brooklyn Hills.16 While the population of the neighborhood was cited as 200 residents by 1898, much of the land remained undeveloped at the turn of the century. This included āPlat No. 3,ā a residential subdivision within Brooklyn Hills that consisted of roughly twelve blocks surrounding the newly constructed P.S. 66, located at Union Place (now 102nd Street) between Walnut Street (now 85th Road) and Tulip Street (now 85th Avenue) (see Figure 18).
A lawsuit brought by the Brooklyn Hills Improvement Company against the New York and Rockaway Railroad Company in 1899 alleged that a contract to establish a station at Brooklyn Hills had been breached, and that failure of the railroad to build the station had damaged and hindered the companyās efforts to sell real estate in the area.18 Ultimately the company was awarded only six cents in damages. The argument that the company had not been able to profit off its land was widely considered specious.
A Brooklyn Hills station of the Rockaway Beach Branch of the Long Island Railroad had operated at Myrtle Avenue and Forest Park from about 1882 to 1911. Moreover, records indicate no problem with sales ā as reported in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, by 1902 the company had sold nearly 600 building lots at prices ranging from $2,500 to $3,000 per acre.19 The company had also profited in 1898 off the condemnation by the city of a hilly portion of the tract located north of Plat No. 3, which was to become part of Forest Park.20 Development delays, specifically within Plat No. 3, more likely resulted from complications with the nearby Waterbury and Napier farms which, until 1905, prohibited the cutting of through streets and which therefore stood as a barrier between the subdivision and the rest of the village.
This impediment, however, was removed by the time of the 1905 auction of the 382 lots of Plat No. 3.22 Real estate boosters prepared for the auction touted the tractās location, bounded by a ābeautiful range of hillsā to the north (now part of Forest Park) slated to become āone of the most beautiful of New York Cityās public parks.ā Physical improvements were also touted, such as the widening of Union Place (now 102nd Street), the platās principal avenue, and the presence of the ālarge modern public school on its property,ā referring, of course, to P.S. 66. The auction was apparently a success. The Brooklyn Hills Improvement Company was voluntarily dissolved on October 28, 1907.
Public Education in Jamaica, Queens
The present New York City public school system, fully supported and maintained by public funds, developed slowly from the initial establishment under the Dutch of elementary schools supported and jointly controlled by both the civil authorities and the Dutch Reformed Church. Under English rule, a system of private academies, similar to those in Britain, appeared in lieu of a public system. Through the 18th century, schools in Queens were rarely free and were primarily run by religious institutions.24 It was not until after the American Revolution that New York State undertook the task of creating a public education system. During the period between the first meeting of the state legislature in 1777 and 1851, nearly 1,000 pieces of legislation concerning education were passed. In 1812, New York State adopted a common school system intended to provide free elementary education to all the residents of the state, to be funded through local taxes.
In 1813, the town of Jamaica voted to receive its allotted quota of the stateās school fund to put towards establishing common schools.
āUnion free school districtsā were established during the 1853 session of legislature as a way for municipalities to combine two or more common schools for the purpose of making education available to children from a broader region. In addition to free admission, pupils within union free school districts were also entitled to free school materials, such as textbooks.26 The Union Free School District No. 7 of the Town of Jamaica was founded in 1888 and encompassed Richmond Hill.27 By 1890, 1,350 school children were enrolled within District No. 7, an increase of more than 30 percent in the two years since the district was established.
Consolidation of the city in 1898 created the need for a unified public education system that would combine the numerous, independently-administered school districts of the borough, each with its own curricula, grade divisions and educational policies. The Borough School Boards and Central Board had been established in 1897 to begin centralized decision making, but in 1901 they were abolished and replaced by a newly reorganized Board of Education consisting of 46 Local School Board Districts and a central Executive Committee. The work of the new organization was affected by several recently implemented state and municipal efforts at reform, including the Compulsory Education Law of 1894 which mandated school attendance for all children until age 14, the School Reform Law of 1896 which mandated state support of secondary schools, and revision of the city charter in 1901.
The laws substantially increased the number of children attending city schools, created new types of schools, and improved school accommodations. A temporary halt in funding for new buildings significantly slowed the construction of school facilities in most parts of the city for a year following consolidation. Although the moratorium led to further overcrowding in existing schools in Jamaica, as throughout the city, in the years that followed, millions of dollars were authorized for the construction of new facilities.
History of P.S. 66
Conditions in District No. 7, as throughout pre-consolidated New York City, were crowded as a result of the changes to state and municipal education laws. In July 1897, a resolution was presented before the local school board calling for $100,000 to be raised via taxes and the sale of bonds, for the construction of additions to existing school structures and the purchase of land for the erection of a new school house within District No. 7.30 Hoping to thwart further shortages in classroom space, and possibly anticipating the post-consolidation freeze in funding for new buildings, the board dramatically increased its proposal just one month later with a call for three additional ten-room school houses. In total, the school board hoped to be able to accommodate 1,750 pupils.
On August 3, 1897, the school board passed a resolution to purchase three sites for the proposed school houses ā Site No. 7, referred to in town records as the Broadway site, which would become Public School 64, Site No. 8, referred to as the Union Course site, which would become Public School 65, and Site No. 9, referred to as the Brooklyn Hills site, which would become P.S. 66. The parcel of 200 feet by 175 feet on which P.S. 66 would be constructed was purchased for $7,000 from the widow of Thomas F. Hayes, a real estate agent who may have been associated with the Brooklyn Hills Improvement Company. Three identical plans were submitted for the buildings by Harry S. Chambers, the Superintendent of School Buildings and architect for District No. 7, and were accepted in the fall of 1897. In early December, however, a motion was made to reduce the size of the schools from ten rooms to eight rooms, as a result of contractor bids exceeding approximated building costs.
New plans were summarily submitted and accepted. A carpenter by the name of Thomas J. Clarke was awarded the contract for construction of āBuilding No. 9ā just one week later, with a winning bid of $24,290.31 Construction began in early 1898, and the school was officially designated as āPublic School No. 66ā on April 15, 1898. The building was completed on July 28, 1899.32
Upon completion, P.S. 66 contained eight classrooms serving the first through sixth grades, a library, and a principalās office. Four classrooms were located on each of the first and second stories of the building, surrounding an octagonal lobby. The two-and-a-half story Victorian Eclectic-style building, consisting of bearing exterior and interior walls with floors framed with wood joists, was essentially square in plan. The primary entrance to the school, which was picturesquely sited within a verdant, undeveloped area of Brooklyn Hills, was located at the base of a six-story, projecting tower along the buildingās west elevation. Many of the original schoolās features are characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style and give the building a fortress-like appearance, including prominent round arches highlighting window openings and the main entrance, a flared base, and its distinctive tower.
Elements of the Queen Anne style are also present in the design of the original school building, in its large entablatures featuring elaborate rinceaux, its gabled dormers, and a pair of paneled brick chimneys. The tower, which originally contained a bell used to call school children from neighboring farms and developments, is distinguished by round arches, brick corbelling, large masonry columns, and foliate ornamentation. An ornamental panel above the main entranceway featured foliate decoration and the name of the school.
Despite a very real need for classroom space throughout New York City at the turn of the century, most apparent in the fact that many schools were running classes part-time in order to accommodate demand, P.S. 66, like other schools constructed in Queens just prior to consolidation, did not immediately open. Due to a shortage in municipal funds, the unoccupied school had not been assigned a janitor and consequently began to deteriorate. In December 1899, the windows at
P.S. 66 were reportedly broken by neighborhood children and the plumbing stripped by thieves. To prevent further vandalism, P.S. 66, as well as the still unoccupied P.S. 65, were boarded up. Notwithstanding the continued residential development of the borough, Queens was still largely considered a rural farming community at the turn of the century and the presence of unutilized schools structures did not go unnoticed. As reported in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle in 1900:
ā¦While in Brooklyn and Manhattan there are thousands of children who cannot
go to school because there is no room for them, [here] there is room for nearly
two thousand with which the population of the village has not yet been blessed...
The notion that the schools remained unopened due to a lack of demand, however, was a misconception. For several years, the children of Brooklyn Hills residents were forced to attend Public School 58 in nearby Ozone Park on a half-day schedule as they eagerly awaited transfer to the new school. The New York City Board of Estimate and Apportionment, however, had only allotted $25,000 for janitorsā wages for the entire borough of Queens for the 1900-1901 school year, a full $15,000 less than the sum awarded the borough in the years prior to consolidation.34 Similar reductions in appropriations were made for teachersā salaries, with reductions of 25% in early 1900 leading to a numerous teacher resignations. While P.S. 65 appears to have opened in time for the 1899-00 school year, relieving some of the crowding experienced by the school district, it is not surprising that under such financial strain, both P.S. 64 and P.S. 66 remained closed.
P.S. 66 finally opened its doors on April 14, 1902 and was referred to locally as the Brooklyn Hills School.35 Neighborhood residents were transferred to the school by start of the new fall term. In early 1902, the school board petitioned the Board of Public Improvements to open nearby Orchard Avenue (now 86th Avenue) āto accommodate school children in getting to this school, as no street opens from the northeast to it.ā36 By May of that year, attendance at the school had increased so rapidly that the services of two additional teachers were requested. Records from 1905 indicate that seven teachers and 278 students occupied the building.
Between 1900 and 1910, the cityās population grew by nearly 39 percent, primarily a result of unprecedented levels of immigration. This growth naturally led to further increases in school enrollment and attendance throughout the city. To meet the latest increase in demand for classroom space, a three-story addition to the east of P.S. 66ās original school building was constructed in 1905-6. The addition doubled the number of classrooms and included space for a kindergarten and an auditorium. The addition, which is attributed to C.B.J. Snyder, superintendent of School Buildings for the New York City Board of Education from 1890 to 1923, was harmoniously designed in the style of the main section. Consisting of brick bearing walls with floors supported by steel beams, the addition is roughly rectangular in plan. The addition features a pair of two-and-a-half story gabled wings that project northwards and southwards from a three-story, flat-roofed core.
The addition is distinguished by steeply pitched slate roofs and ornamental brick corbelling at the wings and central core. According to Board of Education records, the addition was occupied on September 9, 1907.
Description
P.S. 66 is situated towards the eastern boundary of a large, rectangular lot bounded by the gently sloped 102nd Street to the west, 85th Avenue to the north, 85th Road to the south, and a service driveway to the east. The site is presently surrounded by a non-original concrete curb that is topped by iron and chain-link fencing. Primary pedestrian entry to the site is located along 102nd Street, while secondary entries can be found along 85th Avenue, 85th Road, and also via the service driveway. The school building is set back from 102nd Street by a verdant lawn featuring large trees and other plantings.
The school structure is composed of various masses that, together, are roughly symmetrical in plan (see Figure 12). The two-and-a half story, original portion of the school building, consisting of approximately the western two-thirds of the present structure, is essentially square in plan. An addition, consisting of a pair of two-and-a-half story gabled wings projecting northwards and southwards from a three-story, flat-roofed core, was joined to the east of the original school building in 1905-6 and is roughly rectangular in plan. The primary entrance to the structure is located at the base of a projecting fortress-like tower along the original school buildingās west elevation. Secondary entrances are located along each of the remaining elevations.
All elevations of the Victorian Eclectic-style school feature red-brick laid in a Common bond. Partially-exposed basement stories are visible at all elevations (except where noted) and are flared at the original school building, one of several design elements that gives the school a fortress-like appearance. Rectangular window openings (shorter at partially-exposed basement stories) featuring flush cast-stone lintels and projecting cast-stone sills are typical at each elevation of the structure (except where noted). At the original school building, the sills of the first and second stories, as well as the lintels of the first story, are continuous with flush cast-stone bands at all elevations (except where noted). All first and second-story window openings of the original school building and 1905-6 addition feature six-over-six double-hung wood sashes (except where noted), several of which are original (see Alterations).
Basement window openings typically feature three-over-three double-hung wood sashes (except where noted).
Original School Building
West (102nd Street) elevation: The primary, west elevation of P.S. 66 is composed of three sections. The two-bay wide central section projects forward (except where noted) and is principally defined by a six-story, fortress-like tower at the southern bay. Two round-arched openings featuring concentric brick arches with brick hood molding are located at the ground story of the central section (basement not exposed), consisting of a window opening containing paired typical sashes and a typical sill, topped by a fanlight with ornamental lead dividers, on the left, and the primary entrance, consisting of slightly recessed, wood double-doors (non-original), paneled wood reveals, and a matching fanlight, on the right. The primary entrance is raised slightly on a single granite step. The ground-story arches of the central section spring from a molded cast-stone water table course, continuous on all sides of the projecting central section and beneath which are found recessed rectangular brick panels.
A single, narrow typical window opening, which descends slightly into the water table course, is visible at the north-facing portion of the projecting central section at the first story. A decorative panel featuring foliate details and inscribed with the words āPublic Schoolā and āNo. 66ā is found above the primary entrance. A masonry and cast-stone balustrade tops the first story of the northern bay of the central section (including the north-facing portion). The two-story tall northern bay is recessed above the first story. At the second story, the northern bay features paired window openings topped by blind arches consisting of concentric brick courses, brick hood molding and a herringbone tympanum and featuring elaborate window surrounds with foliate details. An entablature consisting of a molded architrave, rinceau, and molded cornice, is found directly above the second-story window openings of the northern bay (see Alterations).
A hipped section of the structureās slate roof is visible above the entablature at the northern bay. A drain pipe is affixed to the north-facing portion of the central section.
The southern bay of the central section consists of the six-story tower. Above the primary entrance, the tower consists of two, narrow rectangular window openings featuring four-overĀfour double-hung wood sashes and flush, continuous cast-stone lintels and sills at the second story, three narrow round-arched window openings featuring two-over-two double-hung sashes with arched upper sashes, brick hood molding springing from molded brick corbels, and slightly projecting cast-stone sills connected by a flush cast-stone band at the third story, three blind rectangular windows with a continuous cast-stone sill supported on stepped brick corbelling above a paneled frieze (continuous on all visible sides of the tower) at the fourth story, three arched masonry openings featuring outsized Corinthian columns (half-columns at outer arches), a continuous rinceau, and a projecting cast-stone sill supported on stepped brick corbelling at the fifth-story and repeated at a shorter height (and without the frieze) at the sixth-story, and a diminutive molded cast-stone cornice at its crown. Similar to the fourth story, the sixth-story sill and corbelling is continuous on all visible sides of the tower. The south elevation of the tower features two, irregularly-sized and irregularly-spaced narrow typical window openings at the first and second stories (left window opening at first story descends slightly into the water table course) and a single window opening at the third story with details similar to that of the third story of the towerās west elevation. The details of the fourth, fifth and sixth stories of the west elevation of the tower are repeated on the north, south and east elevations (east elevation not visible from street).
The two-and-a-half story north section of the west elevation is four bays wide and features a typical window opening at each bay of the partially-exposed basement, first, and second stories. A wide gable with cast-stone coping that culminates in a finial spans the width of the section. Two shorter typical window openings are set within the gable and feature six-overĀsix double-hung wood sashes, sills connected by a flush cast-stone band and another flush cast-stone band that serves as a lintel course. The substantial metal tympanum beneath the gable features elaborate foliate, garland and urn details. Paired, cylindrical pinnacles of differing height, featuring cast-stone corbels with foliate details and patterned cast-stone finials, flank the section (the left-most pinnacle is continuous with the north elevation). From a distance, a rectangular brick chimney featuring arched panels, brick banding, and masonry coping, is visible above the roofline (also visible from the north elevation).
Each of the three bays of the two-and-a-half story south section of the west elevation features a typical window opening at the partially-exposed basement, first, and second stories.
An entablature consisting of a molded architrave, rinceau, and molded cornice, is found directly above the second-story window openings, matches that of the northern bay of the central section, and is continuous with the south elevation. A gabled dormer featuring cast-stone coping that culminates in a finial contains two rectangular window openings featuring two-over-two double-hung wood sashes and typical sills. The dormer pierces the cornice of this section and is flanked by cylindrical brick pinnacles with patterned cast-stone finials. A flush cast-stone band serves as a lintel course for the dormer windows. The metal tympanum beneath the gable features elaborate foliate details. A drain pipe that is affixed to the south-facing elevation of the tower at its top pierces the cornice of the section and continues towards the ground affixed to it. From a distance, a cross-hipped section of the structureās slate roof is visible above the entablature.
One of the structureās two rectangular brick chimneys featuring arched panels, brick banding, and masonry coping, is visible above the roofline (also visible from the south elevation).
South (85th Road) elevation: The south elevation consists of two sections. The two-bay east section of the south elevation is recessed from the four-bay west section. At the partially-exposed basement, first, and second stories, the west section of the south elevation features single typical window openings at each of the first two bays and two typical window openings at each of the third and fourth bays (a single header course is found beneath the typical sills of the partially-exposed basement windows). A dormer matching that of the south section of the west elevation is centered above the west section. At the partially-exposed basement, first, and second stories, the east section features a single typical window opening at the western bay and three typical window openings at the eastern bay. An additional bay is visible at the east-facing elevation between the two sections and features a single narrow typical window opening containing four-over-four double hung wood sashes at each of the first and second stories and a non-original door opening with typical cast-stone lintel raised on one concrete step at an exposed basement level (door is accessed via non-original, below-grade concrete stairway surrounded by a concrete curb with metal handrail) (see Alterations). An entablature matching that of the west elevation is found above the second-story window openings of the east, west, and east-facing sections of the south elevation, and is continuous from the west elevation. A cross-hipped section of the structureās slate roof is visible above the entablature, as is one of the structureās two rectangular brick chimneys featuring arched panels, brick banding, and masonry coping (also visible from the west elevation). A drain pipe that is affixed towards the right side of the east section pierces the cornice as it runs to the ground. Additional drain pipes are affixed towards the left edge of both the east and west sections.
North (85th Avenue) elevation: The north elevation is the same as the south elevation, except where noted. Unlike the south elevation, the west section of the north elevation features two typical window openings at each bay of the partially-exposed basement, first, and second stories, and there is no header course beneath the sills of the partially-exposed basement window openings of the east section. Although there is no opening at the partially-exposed basement story of the west-facing elevation between the sections, there is a non-original door opening at the right side of the third bay of the east section at the basement level (door is accessed via non-original, below-grade concrete stairway surrounded by a concrete curb with metal handrail) (see Alterations). The window openings of the left side of the fourth bay of the east section at the first and second stories have been altered into door openings to accommodate a fire escape (see Alterations). A multi-level, cross-hipped section of the structureās slate roof is visible above the entablature at this elevation, as is one of the structureās two rectangular brick chimneys featuring arched brick panels, brick banding, and masonry coping (also visible, at a distance, from the west elevation). In lieu of the smaller dormer present at the south elevation, a large, gabled dormer rises from the roof at the east section, about two-thirds of the way back. The dormer contains a single rectangular window opening with a molded window surround and three-over-three double-hung wood sashes. The metal face of the dormer features radiating sunburst and foliate details. Unlike the south elevation, only one drain pipe is affixed to the north elevation, at the west section.
1905-6 Addition
West elevation: The west elevation consists primarily of the west elevations of a pair of two-and-a-half story wings that project from a central, three-story, flat-roofed core (because the core abuts the slightly shorter original school building to the west, only a small portion of its western elevation is visible). Few details adorn the west elevations of the north and south wings. The west elevation of the south wing does not feature any openings, and although a typical lintel and sill are present at the partially-exposed basement story, any window opening that may have been present here has been seamlessly bricked in. The west elevation of the north wing features a short, wide rectangular window opening with a typical lintel and sill at the partially-exposed basement story that has been filled-in with a non-original metal panel. A portion of the west elevations of both the north and south wings is taken up by a projecting one-story pavilion which features brick corbelling, a large, flush masonry band, and masonry coping, all of which wrap to each pavilionās south elevation (the pavilions may not be original to the 1905-6 addition, see 1905-6 Addition, South (85th Road) elevation). Brick corbelling caps both the north and south wings and terminates at the outer edge of each wing at a stylized brick buttress featuring a cast-stone corbel and capital (the buttresses are shared with the north and south elevations of the wings). A pitched slate roof is visible above each wing. The visible portion of the west elevation of the central core features a projecting brick band and parapet with brick corbelling and masonry coping, all of which are continuous with the north, south and east elevations of the core. A rectangular brick chimney is partially visible above the roofline of the flat-roofed core. Drain pipes are affixed to the west elevations of both the north and south wings and a pipe vent is visible along the roof of the south wing.
South (85th Road) elevation: The south elevation is principally defined by the gabled, three-bay wide, two-and-a-half story tall, projecting south wing. A single bay of three-story central core, flush with the original school building, is visible to the west of the south wing. Each of the bays of the south wing features a typical window opening at the first and second stories. At the partially-exposed basement story, only the outer bays feature a typical window opening. A single, shorter typical window opening is found within the gable of the south wing. Stylized brick buttresses featuring cast-stone corbels and capitals flank the gable (the buttresses are shared with the east and west elevations of the wing) and are continuous with cast-stone coping which culminates in a finial. The single bay of the central core, to the west of the south wing, features a typical window opening at the second story and a narrow typical window opening at the third story.
The first story is taken up by the projecting one-story pavilion, which overhangs the original school building slightly and which features brick corbelling, a large, flush masonry band, and masonry coping, all of which wrap to the pavilionās west elevation. The masonry band serves as a lintel course for a wide door opening that pierces the brick corbelling. The door opening is raised on a wide concrete step that extends beyond the opening and contains a deeply recessed non-original metal door and solid metal side panel. The pavilion may not be original to the 1905-6 addition, as it obscures most of what appears to have been a typical window opening at the first story of this bay, presently only partially visible above the pavilion. Portions of the brick band and parapet with brick corbelling and masonry coping of the central core are visible above the gabled roof of the south wing, all of which are continuous with the north, east and west elevations of the core. A brick buttress-like element is located above the west slope of the gabled roof of the south wing at the central core.
North (85thAvenue) elevation: The north elevation is a mirror image of the south elevation, except where noted. Unlike the south elevation, only the west-most bay of the partially-exposed basement story of the north wing features a window opening. At the projecting pavilion, a shorter typical window opening that pierces the brick corbelling, whose lintel is integrated with the masonry band, and which contains two-over-two double-hung wood sashes, is located to the right of the door opening. To the west of the north wing, two bays of the central core are visible, both recessed slightly from the original school building. The eastern bay of the central core is the same as the north elevation, while the western bay features a short, narrow typical window opening containing two-over-two double hung wood sashes, offset in height at each of the first, second and third stories.
East elevation: The east elevation is comprised of three sections consisting, like the west elevation, of two wings projecting from a central core. The east elevations of the north and south wings are the same as the west elevations of the wings, except where noted. Unlike at the west elevation, the north and south wings are flush with the central core. Additionally, at the south wing, the window opening of the partially-exposed basement story is not filled in and, in lieu of a sill, abuts a raised concrete planting bed (see Related Landmark Site). The north wing does not feature any window openings, lintels or sills. Neither the north nor the south wing is obscured by a pavilion.
The three-story tall central core features two bays, each containing three typical window openings at the first, second and third stories. At the partially-exposed basement story, a single typical window opening is present at the first bay which, in lieu of a sill, abuts a raised concrete planting bed (see Related Landmark Site). At the second bay of the partially-exposed basement story, an additional three window openings are found and consist of a short typical window opening containing three-over-three double-hung wood sashes to the north, a typical, full-height window opening at center, and a filled-in typical window opening to the south that has been altered to accommodate a basement door opening below and three, square louvered vents above (door is accessed via a below-grade masonry and brick stairway surrounded by masonry curbing and a metal fence with gate).
A one-story pavilion projects from the central core at the first bay of the partially-exposed basement story and may not be original to the 1905-6 addition as it obscures part of the rightmost window opening of the first bay of the central core at the first story. The pavilion features projecting brick banding separated by a large masonry band, and masonry coping, all of which wrap to the pavilionās north and south elevations. The east elevation of the pavilion features two typical lintels where typical window openings appear to have been bricked in. A square metal panel with a hinged door is set within the south elevation of the pavilion. At the third story of the central core, a projecting brick band runs continuous with the lintels of the third-story fenestration and is also continuous with the north, south and west elevations of the core. The central core also features brick corbelling and masonry coping at the parapet which, too, is continuous with the other elevations of the core. At the partially-exposed basement story, a small length of masonry or concrete base trim stretches from the right side of the central core to the north wing. A large number of drain pipes, pipe vents, and through-wall vents are affixed to all three sections of the east elevation, several of which may be original.
Alterations
While the windows of P.S. 66 are largely non-original, the replacement windows were apparently selected to maintain the integrity of the exterior facade and feature multi-paned, double-hung wood sashes similar to the buildingās original windows (several of the non-classroom windows of the west elevation of the original school building are original and have not been replaced; it is not known when the non-original windows were installed). None of the schoolās doors are original. The doors of the primary entrance were replaced with new paneled wood double-doors in 2009, while the remaining secondary entrances feature non-original metal doors. The fire escape affixed to the east section of the north elevation of the original school building is not-original.
Although it is unclear when the fire escape was put in place (not present in c. 1939 tax photograph), its installation required the enlargement of the leftmost window openings of the fourth bay of this section at the first and second stories in order to accommodate new door openings and metal doors. Although the original window lintels were retained, the remaining portions of the window openings not occupied by the doors have been filled in with metal panels. The three pavilions that extend from the various elevations of the 1905-6 addition are not thought to be original. Although it is not known when they might have been constructed, the pavilions do appear in the c. 1939 tax photograph of the school. An element that appears to be a large cornice at the central core of the 1905-6 addition looks to be present in the c. 1939 tax photograph, but has since been removed. It is not known when the concrete curb that surrounds the site was installed or when the areas to the north and south of the school were paved with concrete, but both conditions are present in the c. 1939 tax photograph.
Non-original signage is affixed to the central section of the west elevation of the original school building. A number of non-original security lights, school bells, speakers, conduit, and electrical boxes are affixed to the various elevations of both the original school building and the 1905-6 addition. Non-original window guards are present at all windows of the first, second, third, and partially-exposed basement stories at all elevations and at the fanlights of the central section of the west elevation of the original school building, but are not present at dormer or gable windows. The small length of masonry or concrete base trim at the east elevation of the 1905-6 addition is painted red. A concrete platform has been built up along the east elevation of the 1905-6 addition at the central core and north wing, which extends from the projecting pavilion and is continuous with the ramp that runs alongside the north elevation of the north wing.
It is not known whether the through-wall vent beneath the rightmost window of the south section of the west elevation of the original school building is original, nor if any of the through-vents on the east elevation of the 1905-6 addition are original. Similarly, it is not known if the various drain pipes affixed to the east elevation of the 1905-6 addition are original, although the drain pipes affixed to the other elevations are thought to be original.
A major exterior modernization project that took place in 2001 under the leadership of the architectural firm Montoya-Rodriguez Architects, PC returned many original details to the school building that had been removed or altered over the intervening years. The metal entablatures, including the rinceaux, present at the north, south and west elevations of the original school building, had been covered with stucco (see Figure 10), but were replaced as part of this project. The firm also restored much of the bell tower, which had been removed above the second story in 1967 due to wood deterioration. Although the present tower is not an exact replica of the original, a large number of details, including the numerous brick and masonry arches, continuous brick corbelling, and open belfry, are evocative of, and, in fact, very similar to the original design (see Figures 13 & 14).
As part of the scope of work, finials were returned to the pinnacles of the west elevation of the original school building, failing cast-stone details and rusted sections of decorative metal were replaced in kind, several windows of the 1905-6 addition that had been previously enclosed with face brick were filled-in with matching brick, and asphalt shingles that had been introduced to the roof in the 1980s were replaced with more appropriate slate shingles. The project also undertook the stripping of non-original paint layers from all exterior brick, cast-stone, masonry, and metal details, and the repointing of all existing brickwork (including chimneys) and masonry. Window openings at the partially-exposed basement story of the east-facing section of the south elevation of the original school building and at the rightmost opening of the third bay of the east section of the north elevation of the original school building were enlarged into door openings and below-grade access staircases were installed as part of the project.
- From the 2010 NYCLPC Landmark Designation Report
Before March 2 2015, please come here to nominate the entire Chinatown as the historic site to be preserved, don't expect City of Vancouver to save Chinatown when the Council approved more condo to be built in Chinatown at rapid rate to destroy the Chinatown.
www.heritagebc.ca/blog?articleid=162
Chinese Historic Places Recognition Project
THE HERITAGE BATTLE FOR CHINATOWN
Historic Vancouver neighbourhood is being redeveloped, raising fears it will lose its character.
By JOHN MACKIE, VANCOUVER SUN November 15, 2014
The marketing line for the Keefer Block condo development in Chinatown is āHeritage Meets Modern.ā
But just how much heritage will be left after a wave of modern developments washes over the historic district is a matter of debate.
A new proposal for the 700-block of Main Street would demolish the last three buildings from Hoganās Alley, a once-notorious back lane that was the longtime home of Vancouverās black community.
Another condo development at 231 Pender would replace a funky, Chinese-themed garage that is listed on Canadaās Register of Historic Places. Angelo Tosiās family has owned their building at 624 Main since 1930. It may date back to 1895, and looks it ā the fixtures and shelving are as old as the hills.
But Tosi is 82, and will probably sell when the price is right. He doesnāt expect his store to survive.
āItāll be gobbled up by the monstrous buildings,ā said Tosi. āAnd then theyāll take it all, and itās finished. They wonāt keep the heritage on the bottom, theyāll put down whatever they want.ā
His fatalistic attitude reflects the changes in Chinatown, which is undergoing a development boom after zoning changes by the City of Vancouver.
The protected āhistoricā area of Chinatown is now Pender Street, while much of Main, Georgia and Keefer can now be redeveloped, with heights of up to 90 feet (nine storeys). A few sites can go even higher.
Two towers are going up at Keefer and Main ā the nine-storey, 81-unit Keefer Block, and the 17-storey, 156-unit 188 Keefer. Up the street at 137 Keefer, a development permit application has just gone in for a new nine-storey āmulti-family building.ā
None of them has stirred up much controversy. But a recent public meeting about a 12-storey, 137-unit condo to be built on an empty lot at Keefer and Columbia got people riled up.
āThere was a lot of angry people that night,ā said Henry Yu, a UBC history professor who feels a āvision planā the Chinatown community worked on with the city for several years is being ignored.
āThe vision plan gets passed, (but it has) no teeth,ā said Yu. āActually (there is) no policy, itās a wish list of āOh, weād like seniors housing, weād like to do this, weād like to do that.ā
āAlmost immediately, the two (highrise) buildings in the 600-, 700-block Main go up, and theyāre just basically Yaletown condos. Not even Yaletown ā Yaletown has more character.
āThese are straight out of the glass tower (model), no (historic) character, obliterating everything in terms of tying it to the kind of streetscape of Chinatown. Youāre going to split the historic two or three blocks of Chinatown with a Main Street corridor of these glass towers.ā
Yu says Chinatown has historically been small buildings on 25-foot lots, which makes for a jumble of small stores that gives it a unique look and character. But the new developments are much wider, and just donāt look like Chinatown.
āThe two 600-, 700-block buildings have a rain shield thatās an awning, a glass awning that runs the whole block,ā said Yu. āThatās the design guideline for the city as a whole, but it was nothing to do with Chinatown, (which is) narrow frontages, changing awnings.
āWe said that (to the city planners), we raised it and raised it, but the planners just shoved it down our throat.ā
Kevin McNaney is Vancouverās assistant director of planning. He said the city changed the zoning in parts of Chinatown to help revitalize the neighbourhood, which has been struggling.
āWe have been taking a look across Chinatown,ā said McNaney. āWhat weāre finding is that rents are dropping, and vacancies are rising. And thatās a big part of the strategy of adding more people to revitalize Chinatown.
āThere are only 900 people currently living in Chinatown, many of them seniors. Itās just not the population base needed to support businesses, so a lot of the businesses are going under. Along Pender Street you see a lot of vacancies right now.
āSo at the heart of this plan is to bring more people to revitalize Chinatown, and also use that development to support heritage projects, affordable housing projects and cultural projects.ā
Henry Yu disagrees. āThe idea that you need density in Chinatown itself, that you need your own captive customer base, is moronic,ā he said.
āWhere else in the city would you make that argument, that nobody can walk more than two blocks, that no one is going to come in here from somewhere else?
āThey will. People go to the International Summer Market in Richmond in an empty gravel field. Ten thousand people at night come from everywhere in the Lower Mainland, because thereās something worth going to.
āThe problem isnāt that you need a captive audience that has no other choice but to shop in Chinatown ā thatās just stupid, thereās plenty of people in Strathcona. The problem is, is there something worth coming to (in Chinatown)? And that has to do with the character, what the mix is, what kind of commercial.ā
Ironically, all the new construction comes just as Chinatown seems to be undergoing a bit of a renaissance. Several new businesses have popped up in old buildings, attracted by the areaās character and cheap rents.
The trĆØs-hip El Kartel fashion boutique recently moved into a 6,000 sq. ft space at 104 East Pender that used to house Cathay Importers. Itās on the main floor of the four-storey Chinese Benevolent Association Building, which was built in 1909.
Across the street at 147 East Pender is Livestock, a runner and apparel store that is so cool it doesnāt even have a sign. āWe were in Gastown at the corner of Cordova and Abbott, (and) just felt a change was needed,ā said store manager Chadley Abalos.
āWe found the opportunity in Chinatown, so we decided to move here. We feel itās one of the new spots that are booming. You see a lot of new businesses ā restaurants, clothing stores, furniture. We see the potential in it growing.ā
Russell Baker owns Bombast, a chic furniture store at 27 East Pender. But he is not new to the neighbourhood ā Bombast has been there for 10 years.
āI think (Chinatown is) one of the most interesting parts of the city,ā he said.
āItās still got some variety, some texture, architecturally, socially, economically. A lot of whatās happened to the downtown peninsula (in recent years) constitutes erasure. This is one of the places that still sort of feels like ā¦ it feels more urban than some parts of downtown. I would say downtown is a vertical suburb.
āIf you like cities, Chinatown feels like one. Thatās why weāre here.ā
Baker said he expected Chinatown to happen a lot sooner than it did. Retailers that do well there still tend to be destinations, rather than stores that rely on heavy street traffic. āThe buzz is that Chinatown is happening, but itās really strategic, whatās happening,ā he said. āFortune Sound Club, thatās a niche market thatās destination. Thatās the kind of thing that works down here. Weāre destination, Bao Bei (restaurant) is destination.ā
The new businesses make for an interesting mix with the old ones. The 200 block East Georgia Street is hopping with hipster bars (the Pacific Hotel, Mamie Taylorās) and art galleries (Access Gallery, 221A, Centre A). But it also retains classic Chinatown shops like the Fresh Egg Mart and Hang Loong Herbal Products.
The question is whether the small businesses will be displaced as the area gentrifies. Real estate values have soared ā Soltera paid $6.5 million for the northwest corner of Keefer and Main in 2011, Beedie Holdings paid $16.2 million for two parcels of land at Columbia and Keefer in 2013.
That seems like a lot for a site thatās two blocks from the troubled Downtown Eastside, but Houtan Rafii of the Beedie Group said thatās what land costs in Vancouver.
āIt is a significant, substantial amount of money, but compared to most every area in Vancouver, itās not dissimilar, whether youāre in Gastown, downtown, Concord-Pacific, even on the boundaries of Strathcona or on Hastings close to Clark or Commercial,ā said Rafii. āItās not an obscene amount of money, itās market.ā
Rafii said the Beedie Group met with local groups for a year about its development, and was surprised at the reaction it got at the public meeting, which was held because Beedie is looking to rezone the site to add an additional three storeys.
Yu doesnāt have a problem with the Beedie proposal per se, but feels itās on a key site in Chinatown, and should be developed accordingly.
āItās not the buildingās fault,ā said Yu.
āPeople are going āWhatās wrong with this glass tower, itās working everywhere else, and Chinese people love buying this stuff if itās UBC.ā
āThatās not the point. Thereās plenty of room around the city to build glass towers (that are) 40 storeys, 50 storeys, whatever. Why do they need to be in this spot?
āThis one is right in the heart (of Chinatown). Across the street is the Sun Yat-sen (garden), the Chinese Cultural Centre. On the same street is the (Chinese workers) monument. Next door is the back alley of Pender.ā
Yu said a recent study found there will be a need for 3,300 income-assisted senior housing beds in the Lower Mainland over the next 15 years. He said the Columbia and Keefer site would be perfect for a seniors project.
āThereās a particular kind of resonance to the idea this is a traditional place where a lot of Chinese seniors can retire to,ā he said.
āThere is a five-year waiting list for the Simon K.Y. Lee Success long-term care home, so thereās huge demand, huge need, this is a place where they want to go. (Building a seniors home) would actually would help revitalize (Chinatown), because seniors bring sons, daughters, grandsons and granddaughters into a community.
āThatās the Chinatown vision plan, thatās whatās in there, thatās what those discussions were about. And yet what weāve got is 137 luxury condo units for hip youngsters. Thatās the Beedie proposal, and thatās what the last two towers (on Main) were. Itās not just insulting, itās the thwarting of the very promise (of the vision plan).ā
Wu would like to see a moratorium on new developments in Chinatown āuntil design guidelines are actually built to create a zone that respects the (areaās special) character.ā
Retired city planner Nathan Edelson agrees. Which is significant, because he worked on the Chinatown vision plan for over a decade.
āMy suggestion is that there should be a moratorium on the rezonings, for sure, until they can get an assessment of what the current new development is,ā said Edelson. āTo what degree are they contributing to, or harming Chinatown, the historic character of Chinatown? And itās not an obvious answer.ā
Read more:
www.vancouversun.com/business/Battle+Chinatown/10384991/s...
Before March 2 2015, please come here to nominate the entire Chinatown as the historic site to be preserved, don't expect City of Vancouver to save Chinatown when the Council approved more condo to be built in Chinatown at rapid rate to destroy the Chinatown.
www.heritagebc.ca/blog?articleid=162
Chinese Historic Places Recognition Project
THE HERITAGE BATTLE FOR CHINATOWN
Historic Vancouver neighbourhood is being redeveloped, raising fears it will lose its character.
By JOHN MACKIE, VANCOUVER SUN November 15, 2014
The marketing line for the Keefer Block condo development in Chinatown is āHeritage Meets Modern.ā
But just how much heritage will be left after a wave of modern developments washes over the historic district is a matter of debate.
A new proposal for the 700-block of Main Street would demolish the last three buildings from Hoganās Alley, a once-notorious back lane that was the longtime home of Vancouverās black community.
Another condo development at 231 Pender would replace a funky, Chinese-themed garage that is listed on Canadaās Register of Historic Places. Angelo Tosiās family has owned their building at 624 Main since 1930. It may date back to 1895, and looks it ā the fixtures and shelving are as old as the hills.
But Tosi is 82, and will probably sell when the price is right. He doesnāt expect his store to survive.
āItāll be gobbled up by the monstrous buildings,ā said Tosi. āAnd then theyāll take it all, and itās finished. They wonāt keep the heritage on the bottom, theyāll put down whatever they want.ā
His fatalistic attitude reflects the changes in Chinatown, which is undergoing a development boom after zoning changes by the City of Vancouver.
The protected āhistoricā area of Chinatown is now Pender Street, while much of Main, Georgia and Keefer can now be redeveloped, with heights of up to 90 feet (nine storeys). A few sites can go even higher.
Two towers are going up at Keefer and Main ā the nine-storey, 81-unit Keefer Block, and the 17-storey, 156-unit 188 Keefer. Up the street at 137 Keefer, a development permit application has just gone in for a new nine-storey āmulti-family building.ā
None of them has stirred up much controversy. But a recent public meeting about a 12-storey, 137-unit condo to be built on an empty lot at Keefer and Columbia got people riled up.
āThere was a lot of angry people that night,ā said Henry Yu, a UBC history professor who feels a āvision planā the Chinatown community worked on with the city for several years is being ignored.
āThe vision plan gets passed, (but it has) no teeth,ā said Yu. āActually (there is) no policy, itās a wish list of āOh, weād like seniors housing, weād like to do this, weād like to do that.ā
āAlmost immediately, the two (highrise) buildings in the 600-, 700-block Main go up, and theyāre just basically Yaletown condos. Not even Yaletown ā Yaletown has more character.
āThese are straight out of the glass tower (model), no (historic) character, obliterating everything in terms of tying it to the kind of streetscape of Chinatown. Youāre going to split the historic two or three blocks of Chinatown with a Main Street corridor of these glass towers.ā
Yu says Chinatown has historically been small buildings on 25-foot lots, which makes for a jumble of small stores that gives it a unique look and character. But the new developments are much wider, and just donāt look like Chinatown.
āThe two 600-, 700-block buildings have a rain shield thatās an awning, a glass awning that runs the whole block,ā said Yu. āThatās the design guideline for the city as a whole, but it was nothing to do with Chinatown, (which is) narrow frontages, changing awnings.
āWe said that (to the city planners), we raised it and raised it, but the planners just shoved it down our throat.ā
Kevin McNaney is Vancouverās assistant director of planning. He said the city changed the zoning in parts of Chinatown to help revitalize the neighbourhood, which has been struggling.
āWe have been taking a look across Chinatown,ā said McNaney. āWhat weāre finding is that rents are dropping, and vacancies are rising. And thatās a big part of the strategy of adding more people to revitalize Chinatown.
āThere are only 900 people currently living in Chinatown, many of them seniors. Itās just not the population base needed to support businesses, so a lot of the businesses are going under. Along Pender Street you see a lot of vacancies right now.
āSo at the heart of this plan is to bring more people to revitalize Chinatown, and also use that development to support heritage projects, affordable housing projects and cultural projects.ā
Henry Yu disagrees. āThe idea that you need density in Chinatown itself, that you need your own captive customer base, is moronic,ā he said.
āWhere else in the city would you make that argument, that nobody can walk more than two blocks, that no one is going to come in here from somewhere else?
āThey will. People go to the International Summer Market in Richmond in an empty gravel field. Ten thousand people at night come from everywhere in the Lower Mainland, because thereās something worth going to.
āThe problem isnāt that you need a captive audience that has no other choice but to shop in Chinatown ā thatās just stupid, thereās plenty of people in Strathcona. The problem is, is there something worth coming to (in Chinatown)? And that has to do with the character, what the mix is, what kind of commercial.ā
Ironically, all the new construction comes just as Chinatown seems to be undergoing a bit of a renaissance. Several new businesses have popped up in old buildings, attracted by the areaās character and cheap rents.
The trĆØs-hip El Kartel fashion boutique recently moved into a 6,000 sq. ft space at 104 East Pender that used to house Cathay Importers. Itās on the main floor of the four-storey Chinese Benevolent Association Building, which was built in 1909.
Across the street at 147 East Pender is Livestock, a runner and apparel store that is so cool it doesnāt even have a sign. āWe were in Gastown at the corner of Cordova and Abbott, (and) just felt a change was needed,ā said store manager Chadley Abalos.
āWe found the opportunity in Chinatown, so we decided to move here. We feel itās one of the new spots that are booming. You see a lot of new businesses ā restaurants, clothing stores, furniture. We see the potential in it growing.ā
Russell Baker owns Bombast, a chic furniture store at 27 East Pender. But he is not new to the neighbourhood ā Bombast has been there for 10 years.
āI think (Chinatown is) one of the most interesting parts of the city,ā he said.
āItās still got some variety, some texture, architecturally, socially, economically. A lot of whatās happened to the downtown peninsula (in recent years) constitutes erasure. This is one of the places that still sort of feels like ā¦ it feels more urban than some parts of downtown. I would say downtown is a vertical suburb.
āIf you like cities, Chinatown feels like one. Thatās why weāre here.ā
Baker said he expected Chinatown to happen a lot sooner than it did. Retailers that do well there still tend to be destinations, rather than stores that rely on heavy street traffic. āThe buzz is that Chinatown is happening, but itās really strategic, whatās happening,ā he said. āFortune Sound Club, thatās a niche market thatās destination. Thatās the kind of thing that works down here. Weāre destination, Bao Bei (restaurant) is destination.ā
The new businesses make for an interesting mix with the old ones. The 200 block East Georgia Street is hopping with hipster bars (the Pacific Hotel, Mamie Taylorās) and art galleries (Access Gallery, 221A, Centre A). But it also retains classic Chinatown shops like the Fresh Egg Mart and Hang Loong Herbal Products.
The question is whether the small businesses will be displaced as the area gentrifies. Real estate values have soared ā Soltera paid $6.5 million for the northwest corner of Keefer and Main in 2011, Beedie Holdings paid $16.2 million for two parcels of land at Columbia and Keefer in 2013.
That seems like a lot for a site thatās two blocks from the troubled Downtown Eastside, but Houtan Rafii of the Beedie Group said thatās what land costs in Vancouver.
āIt is a significant, substantial amount of money, but compared to most every area in Vancouver, itās not dissimilar, whether youāre in Gastown, downtown, Concord-Pacific, even on the boundaries of Strathcona or on Hastings close to Clark or Commercial,ā said Rafii. āItās not an obscene amount of money, itās market.ā
Rafii said the Beedie Group met with local groups for a year about its development, and was surprised at the reaction it got at the public meeting, which was held because Beedie is looking to rezone the site to add an additional three storeys.
Yu doesnāt have a problem with the Beedie proposal per se, but feels itās on a key site in Chinatown, and should be developed accordingly.
āItās not the buildingās fault,ā said Yu.
āPeople are going āWhatās wrong with this glass tower, itās working everywhere else, and Chinese people love buying this stuff if itās UBC.ā
āThatās not the point. Thereās plenty of room around the city to build glass towers (that are) 40 storeys, 50 storeys, whatever. Why do they need to be in this spot?
āThis one is right in the heart (of Chinatown). Across the street is the Sun Yat-sen (garden), the Chinese Cultural Centre. On the same street is the (Chinese workers) monument. Next door is the back alley of Pender.ā
Yu said a recent study found there will be a need for 3,300 income-assisted senior housing beds in the Lower Mainland over the next 15 years. He said the Columbia and Keefer site would be perfect for a seniors project.
āThereās a particular kind of resonance to the idea this is a traditional place where a lot of Chinese seniors can retire to,ā he said.
āThere is a five-year waiting list for the Simon K.Y. Lee Success long-term care home, so thereās huge demand, huge need, this is a place where they want to go. (Building a seniors home) would actually would help revitalize (Chinatown), because seniors bring sons, daughters, grandsons and granddaughters into a community.
āThatās the Chinatown vision plan, thatās whatās in there, thatās what those discussions were about. And yet what weāve got is 137 luxury condo units for hip youngsters. Thatās the Beedie proposal, and thatās what the last two towers (on Main) were. Itās not just insulting, itās the thwarting of the very promise (of the vision plan).ā
Wu would like to see a moratorium on new developments in Chinatown āuntil design guidelines are actually built to create a zone that respects the (areaās special) character.ā
Retired city planner Nathan Edelson agrees. Which is significant, because he worked on the Chinatown vision plan for over a decade.
āMy suggestion is that there should be a moratorium on the rezonings, for sure, until they can get an assessment of what the current new development is,ā said Edelson. āTo what degree are they contributing to, or harming Chinatown, the historic character of Chinatown? And itās not an obvious answer.ā
Read more:
www.vancouversun.com/business/Battle+Chinatown/10384991/s...
When we got off the tube at London Bridge I expected to see the bridge, and Tower Bridge. Finally we made it to the Modern London Bridge!
Seems like as soon as you get to it from Southwark, you are in the City of London.
I only went halfway up the bridge, before returning to Southwark and London Bridge Underground Station to go back to our hotel.
Now to the side of the river with Tower Bridge.
The view of Tower Bridge from London Bridge with HMS Belfast and London Bridge City Pier in front of it.
Tower Bridge is Grade I listed.
Tower Bridge (that Part That Lies Within the Borough of Southwark)
SOUTHWARK
TQ3380 TOWER BRIDGE ROAD
636-1/2/793 Tower Bridge (that part that lies
06/12/49 within the Borough of Southwark)
I
Bridge. 1886-94. By Sir John Wolfe Barry, engineer and Sir
Horace Jones, architect. For the City Corporation.
Low level bascule bridge with wider side spans hung from
curved lattice girders; central narrower opening section.
Steel structure with twin Gothic towers rising from 21.3m
(70ft) broad piers which support the bascules and house their
counter balances.
Towers clad in rock-faced stone with ashlar dressings; high
pitched slate roofs behind stone battlemented parapet. High
level footbridges between the towers, incorporating ties
between the 2 suspended spans and linking whole bridge
together as continuous structure. Tower of 4 stages with
corner turrets surmounted by pinnacles. Some architectural
detailing added after Jones's death.
Above archway, elaborate Gothic-style windows on each level
surmounted by dormer feature in roof; moulded string courses
between floors. Lower approach tower (with twin on north
side), in similar Gothic style and with a large elliptical
archway spanning the road.
Although the bascules were electrified in 1976, some of the
hydraulic machinery by Armstrong Mitchell & Co., and the steam
pumping engines, are preserved under the south approach
viaduct.
Built onto east side of southern approach are accumulator
tower and chimney stack (qv).
See also London Borough of Tower Hamlets.
Tower Bridge (that Part in London Borough of Tower Hamlets), Stepney
1. TOWER BRIDGE EC3 & E1
4431 Tower Bridge
(That part in London Borough
of Tower Hamlets)
TQ 3380 21/722
I GV
2.
Opened 1894. Designed by Sir John Wolfe Barry with architectural features by
Sir Horace Jones.
Bascule bridge with suspended bridge approach and high level footbridges between
twin stone towers. French chateau influence. Massive cast iron balustrades.
Hydraulic machinery still used to open bridge. The rest of the bridge is in Southwark
LB.
Tower Bridge and its approach form a group with the London Hydraulic Power Co
Subways Entrance, 8 Bollards outside the main entrance to The Tower of London,
the Tower itself, the Queens Stairs, Tower Hill.
Listing NGR: TQ3369780338
Canary Wharf in the background.
Photo Caption: Mark Lankester (right) and Jonathan Yabut, the first ever winner of The Apprentice Asia.
NEWS RELEASE
TUNE HOTELSā RAPID EXPANSION IN PHILIPPINES BUOYED BY FASTER-THAN-EXPECTED ECONOMIC GROWTH
Third Tune Hotel opens in Manila; overall six in country
MANILA, October 17, 2013 ā The Philippines and its people have all the great things coming their way with an economic wave that has driven direct investments into the country including by international hotel brand Tune Hotels, said its Group CEO Mark Lankester.
āThis is a great market for us to do business. In less than two years we already have six hotels in operation in the Philippines, including the newly opened Tune Hotel Quezon City in Manila. Not to mention four more to come in Ortigas, Davao, Aseana City and Ayala Avenue in Metro Manila within the next nine months,ā said Lankester.
The 140-room Tune Hotel Quezon City, located at Timog Avenue, is the groupās third hotel in Metro Manila. It opened its doors for business on October 8.
The first Tune Hotel in the Philippines opened at Angeles City in Pampanga in February 2012, followed by Ermita and Makati in Metro Manila, Cebu City and Cagayan De Oro.
International economic and financial agencies including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank have revised the Philippinesā 2013 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth upward to 7 per cent from around 6 per cent previously. This makes the Philippines the second fastest growing economy in Asia after China, and ahead of all its Southeast Asian neighbors. The strong growth is forecast to be sustained into coming years.
āThis is a really great year for the Philippines and its people. The economy is booming, there is a great mood amongst the people and there are plenty of new jobs being created. Tourism within and into the Philippines is expanding massively, with really successful government marketing campaigns and the recent lifting of the European flights will only help contribute further to the tourism economy. In addition Filipinos have also made their mark on the Regional and International arena,ā he said in reference to Filipino personalities like Jonathan Yabut who emerged the first ever winner of āThe Apprentice Asiaā and Miss World 2013 Megan Young.
āThere is a noticeable mood in the air that it really is the time for the Philippines to shine.ā
Lankester had played Advisor to Tony Fernandes on the first ever āThe Apprentice Asiaā, the regional adaptation of the US reality series āThe Apprenticeā this year.
He added: āIt is very interesting to note that the Philippines has surpassed India as Asiaās top call-centre service provider, proving that it has quality human capital that are capable of driving the country to the next level.ā
The Philippines has set a target of 10 million international tourist arrivals by 2016, more than double the 4.3 million tourists it received in 2012. Arrivals for 2013 have been projected at 5.5 million, contributing some PHP 1.5 trillion or 6.7 per cent to the GDP.
āWe are very pleased with the commitment shown by the Department of Tourism and the Government in not only setting targets but to undertake firm initiatives to facilitate further growth of the tourism and travel industry in the Philippines. The country has a lot to offer and is destined to be a favorite destination in the region.
āFor Tune Hotels, we look forward to positively contributing towards this effort by providing international standard accommodation at highly affordable rates, giving international tourists and locals alike the holiday experience they deserve. Itās definitely āmore fun in the Philippinesā with Tune Hotels,ā said the CEO.
Tune Hotels provides international-class high-quality accommodation which focuses on key essentials but minus the generally underused facilities found in other hotels such as swimming pools, business centres and gymnasiums. By doing away with these costly and high-maintenance facilities, Tune Hotels is able to pass on savings to its guests in the form of super low room rates. Its pay-as-you-use concept lets travelers choose and pay only for amenities that they require to keep costs down, reduce waste and save energy.
The group has received over five million guests since the opening of its first hotel in Downtown Kuala Lumpur in 2007. With the opening of Quezon City, Tune Hotels now has six hotels in the Philippines, eleven in Malaysia, five each in the UK and Indonesia, four in Thailand, and one each in India, Japan and Australia. Apart from further expansion in these countries, future Tune Hotels are also being planned in the Middle East, Europe and Africa.
Tune Hotels is part of Tune Group, a lifestyle business conglomerate co-founded by Tony Fernandes and Kamarudin Meranun, who are the Group CEO and Deputy Group CEO respectively of Asiaās largest low cost carrier AirAsia.
For real-time updates and promotion alerts, guests can stay connected with Tune Hotels via Facebook at www.facebook.com/tunehotelsPH and on Twitter via www.twitter.com/tunehotels.
For booking and further information, visit www.tunehotels.com.
-ENDS-
About Tune Hotels
Tune Hotels is part of the lifestyle business conglomerate Tune Group that was founded by Tan Sri Tony Fernandes and Datoā Kamarudin Meranun. Tune Hotels seeks to innovate and revolutionise the way services are made available and has employed efficient web-based technologies to reach and engage its customers, presenting a unique lifestyle opportunity. All Tune Hotelsā properties feature space-efficient, streamlined rooms focusing on high-quality basics: a five-star bed, powerful hot showers and energy-conserving ceiling fans along with housekeeping services, electronic keycard access into rooms, CCTV surveillance, and 24-hour security. The Tune Group companies include Tune Air (a substantial shareholder of AirAsia), Tune Hotels, Tune Insurance, Tune Talk, the AirAsia BIG Loyalty Programme, Tune Box, Tune Studios, Caterham Group, Queens Park Rangers Football Club (QPR) and the Epsom College in Malaysia.
Photos can be downloaded from www.flickr.com/tunehotels.
Media enquiries:
Cymantha Sothiar
Mobile: +6012 315 3638
Email: cymantha@tunehotels.com
I had no idea what to expect at Yalding, either the town or church. Jools realised it was near to West Farleigh, so we went to investigate.
Across what looked like a canal and then the river via an old pack bridge, with the tower of the church on the far bank.
The town, or this part of it, stretched either side of the High Street, and once parked, we approach the church down an alleyway and I see the porch doors open; a good sign.
-----------------------------------------
The little cupola on the west tower is topped by a weathervane dated 1734, and summons us to a large church, heavily restored in the 1860s, but worth travelling a long way to see. The nave roof has two interesting features - one is a form of celure or canopy of honour over the third bay from the west. It must have served some long-forgotten purpose. At the east end of the nave there is a real Canopy of Honour in its more usual position over the chancel arch. The south transept contains many interesting features - niches in the walls, bare stonework walls and a good arcaded tomb chest recessed into the south wall. There is a telling string course that suggests a thirteenth-century date, although the two windows in its east wall are Decorated in style. The most recent feature in the church - and by far the most important - is the engraved glass window in the chancel. It was engraved by Laurence Whistler in 1979 and commemorates Edmund Blunden, the First World War poet. It depicts a trench, barbed wire, a shell-burst and verses from Blunden's poems. This feature apart it is the nineteenth-century work that dominates Yalding - especially the awful encaustic tiles with arrow-like designs, the crude pulpit with symbols of the evangelists and the poor quality pews. The glass isn't much better, the Light of the World in the south chancel window being especially poor, but the south window of the south transept (1877) showing scenes from the Life of Christ redeems the state of the art.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Yalding
-------------------------------------------
YALDING.
NORTH-WESTWARD from Hunton lies Yalding, antiently written Ealding, which signifies the antient meadow or low ground.
Most of this parish is in the hundred of Twyford, and the rest of it, viz. the borough of Rugmerhill, is in the antient demesne of Aylesford. That part of this parish, which holds of the manor of West Farleigh, is in the borough of West Farleigh, and the borsholder thereof ought to be chosen at the court leet there, and so much thereof as is held of the manor of Hunton, is in the borough of Hunton, and the borsholder thereof is chosen at the court leet there; and the inhabitants of neither of these boroughs owe service to the court holden for the hundred of Twyford, within which hundred they both are; but at that court a constable for that hundred may be chosen out of either of these boroughs.
THIS PARISH lying southward of the quarry hills, is within the district of the Weald. It is but narrow, but extends full four miles in length from north to south, the upper or northern part reaches up to the quarry hill adjoining to West Farleigh, near which is Yalding down, on which is a large kiln for the purpose of burning pit coal into coke, which is effected by laying the coal under earth, and when set on fire quenching the cinders; the method is used in making charcoal from wood, the former particularly is much used in the oasts for the drying of hops, so profitably encouraged in this neighbourhood. Below it, near the river Medway, its western boundary in this part, opposite to Nettlested, stands the seat of Sir John Gregory Shaw, bart. a retired, but not an ill chosen situation. It was for several generations the residence of the family of Kinward, which from the reign of king Henry VIII. was possessed of good estates in this parish and its neighbourhood, and bore for their arms, Azure, on a bend or, three roses gules, between three cross-croslets, fitchee argent. Robert Kenward, esq. of Yalding, resided here, and dying in 1720, was buried with the rest of his family in this church; he left a son John, and several daughters, of whom the third, Martha, married the late Sir Gregory Page, bart. and died S. P. John Kenward, esq. the son, died in 1749, leaving by Alicia his wife, youngest daughter of Francis Brooke, esq. of Rochester, one daughter and heir Alicia, who carried this seat and a considerable estate in this neighbourhood to Sir John Shaw, bart. late of Eltham, whose eldest son, Sir John Gregory Shaw, bart. is the present owner of it, and resides here. (fn. 1). In this part of the parish the land is kindly both for corn and hops, of which there are several plantations, and round the down there are some rich grass lands, but further southward where the parish extends to Brenchley, Horsemonden, and Mar den, it is rather a sorlorn country, the land lying very low, and the soil is exceeding wet and miry, and much of it very poor, and greatly subject to rushes, being a stiff unfertile clay; the hedge rows are broad and interspersed with quantities of large spreading oak trees.
The river Medway flows from Tunbridge along the west side of the upper part of this parish as mentioned before, there are across it here two bridges, Twyford and Brandt bridge, leading hither from Watringbury, Nettlested and East Peckham; a small stream, which comes from Marden, and is here called the Twist, flows through the lower part of this parish towards the west side of it, and joins the main river at Twyford bridge, which extends over both of them; another larger stream being a principal head of the Medway flowing from Style-bridge by Hunton clappers, separating these two parishes, joins the main river, about a quarter of a mile below Twyford bridge; on the conflux of these two larger streams the town of Yalding is situated, having a long narrow stone bridge of communication from one part of the town to the other, on the opposite bank of the Hunton stream. Leland who lived in king Henry the VIIIth.'s reign, calls it a a praty townelet, to which however at present it has no pretensions. The church and court-lodge stand at the north end of the town. A fair is held in it on WhitMonday, and on October 15, yearly. The high road over Teston bridge, and through West Farleigh, leads through the town, and thence southward along the hamlets of Denover and Collens-street to Marden; at a small distance from the former is the borough of Rugmarhill, esteemed to be within the antient demesne of Aylesford, belonging to Mrs. Milner.
Adjoining the town southward is Yalding lees, over which there is another high road, which leads from Twyford bridge, parallel with the other before-mentioned, along the hamlet of Lodingford, and thence through the lower part of this parish towards Brenchley, near the boundaries of which in this parish is an estate still called Oldlands, which appears in king Edward II's reign to have been part of the demesne lands of the manor of Yalding, for he then confirmed to the priory of Tunbridge a rent charge to be received out of the asserts of the old and new lands of the late Richard de Clare, in Dennemannesbrooke, which he had given to it on its foundation; lower down, close to the stream of the Twist, is the manor house of Bockingsold, the lands of which extend across the river into Brenchley and Horsemonden and other parishes.
A third high road over Brandt bridge passes along the western bounds of this parish, over Betsurn-green towards Lamberhurst and Sussex.
A new commission of sewers under the great seal, was not many years ago obtained to scour and cleanse that branch of the river Medway, or if I may so call it, the Yalding river from Goldwell in Great Chart, through Smarden, Hunton, and other intermediate parishes to its junction with the Rain river, at a place called Stickmouth, a little below the town of Yalding.
The commissioners for the navigation of the river Medway, about twenty years ago, made a navigable cut or canal, from a place in the river called Hampsted, where they judiciously constructed a lock to a place in the river near Twyford bridge, where they erected a tumbling bay for the water, when at a certain height, to pass over. The contrivance of this cut from one bend or angle of the river to the other, is of the greatest utility to the navigation, by not only shortening the passage, but by baying up a convenient depth of water, which they could not have had along the lees, and other adjoining low lands on each side of that part of the river, which is avoided by it, or at least not without a very great expence.
At the river here the barges are loaded with timber, great guns, bullets, &c. for Chatham and Sheerness docks, London, and other parts, and bring back coals, and other commodities for the supply of the neighbouring country.
In 1757 a large eel was caught in the river here, which measured five feet nine inches in length, and eighteen inches in girt, and weighed upwards of forty pounds.
THE MANOR OF YALDING, or Ealding, as it was usually written, was, after the conquest, part of the possessions of the eminent family of Clare, who became afterwards earls of Gloucester and Hertford, (fn. 2) the ancestor of whom, Richard Fitz Gilbert, came into England with William the Conqueror, and gave him great assistance in the memorable battle of Hastings, and in respect of his near alliance in blood to the king, he was advanced to great honor, and had large possessions bestowed upon him, both in Normandy and England; among the latter was this estate of Yalding, as appears from the survey of Domesday, taken in the 15th year of the Conqueror's reign, in which it is thus entered, under the title of Terra Richardi F. Gislebti:
Richard de Tonebridge holds Ealdinges, and Aldret held it of king Edward, and then and now it was taxed at two sulings. The arable land is sixteen carucates. There are two churches (viz. Yalding and Brenchley) and fifteen servants, and two mills of twenty-five shillings, and four fisheries of one thousand and seven hundred eels, all but twenty. There are five acres of pasture, and wood for the pannage of one hundred and fifty hogs.
In the time of king Edward the Consessor, and afterwards, it was worth thirty pounds, now twenty pounds, on account of the lands lying waste to that amount.
The above-mentioned Richard Fitz Gilbert, at the latter end of the Conqueror's reign, was usually called Richard de Tonebridge, from his possessions and residence there, and his descendants took the name of Clare, for the like reason of their possessing that honor. His descendant, Gilbert, son of Richard de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, owned it in the reign of king Henry III. and in the 21st year of Edward I. he claimed before the justices itinerant, and was allowed all the privileges of a manor.
Ā¶Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, his son, by Joane, of Acres, king Edward I.'s daughter, succeeded to it, and dying in the 7th year of king Edward II. without surviving issue, his three sisters became his coheirs, and on the partition of their inheritance, this manor, among others in this county, was allotted to Margaret, the second sister, then wife of Hugh de Audley, junior, who in the 12th year of Edward II. obtained for his manor of Ealding, a market to be held here weekly, and a fair to continue three days yearly, viz. the vigil, the day of the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, and the day subsequent to it. He died in the 21st year of it, holding this manor, which he held for his life, by the law of England, of the king in capite. He left an only daughter and heir Margaret, then the wife of Ralph Stafford, who in her right became possessed of the manor of Yalding, and was a man greatly esteemed by king Edward III. who among other marks of his favor, in his 24th year, advanced him to the title of earl of Stafford.
After which it continued in his descendants down to his great grandson, Humphry Stafford, who was created duke of Buckingham anno 23 Henry VI. whose grandson Henry, duke of Buckingham, having put himself in arms against king Richard, in favor of Henry, earl of Richmond, and being deserted by his army, had concealed himself in the house of one Ralph Banister, who had been his servant, who on the king's proclamation of a reward of 1000l. or 100l. per annum, for the discovering of the duke, betrayed him, and he was without either arraignment or judgment, beheaded at Salisbury.
YALDING is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester and deanry of Malling.
The church, which is a large handsome building, consists of three isles and a large chancel, with a square tower at the west end. Against the south wall in it is a very antient altar tomb, which has been much desaced, on which is remaining, Ermine, a bend gules. There was formerly a brass plate on it. On a large stone in the middle isle, is a memorial for Robert Penhurst, descended from Sir Robert Penhurst, of Penhurst, in Suffex, who died in 1610. The arms, on a shield, a mullet. In the chancel there is a handsome monument for the family of Warde, who bore for their arms, Azure, a cross flory or, and one for the family of Kenward, in this parish. In the pavement of the church are several large broad stones, a kind of petrifaction of the testaceous kind, dug up in the moors or low lands in this parish.
Richard de Clare, earl of Hertford, gave the church of Aldinges, with the chapel of Brenchesley, and all their appurtenances, in pure and perpetual alms, to the priory of Tunbridge, lately founded by him.
Gilbert de Glanvill, bishop of Rochester, who came to that fee in the 31st year of king Henry II. confirmed this gift, and granted, that the prior and canons should possess the appropriation of this church in pure and perpetual alms; saving a perpetual vicarage in it, granted by his authority, with the assent and presentation of the prior and canons as follows:
That the vicar should have the altarage, and all obventions, and small tithes belonging to this church, and all houses, which were within the court, and the land belonging to the church, together with the tenants and homages, and the alder-bed, and the tithes of sheaves of Wenesmannesbroke, and the tithes of Longesbroke, of the new assart, and the moiety of meadow belonging to the church; all which were granted to him, to hold under the yearly pension of two shillings, duly to be paid to the prior and canons; and that the vicar should sustain all episcopal burthens and customs, as well for the prior and canons as for himself. And he granted to the prior and canons as part of the appropriation, the tithes of sheaves of this church, excepting the said tithes of Wenesmannesbroke, and of Longebroke; and that they should have the moiety of the meadow belonging to the church, with the fisheries, and the place in which the two greater barns stood, with the barns themselves, and the whole outer court in which the stable stood, with the garden which was towards the east, and the small piece of land which lay by the garden, and the rent of four-pence, which ought to be paid yearly to the court of Eyles forde; reserving to himself the power of altering the endowment of this vicarage, if at any time it should seem expedient; saving, nevertheless, all episcopal rights to the bishop of Rochester, &c. (fn. 16)
The church of Yalding, together with the advowson of the vicarage, remained with the priory of Tunbridge, till the suppression of it, in the 17th year of king Henry VIII. when being one of those smaller monasteries which cardinal Wolsey had obtained for the endowment of his colleges, it was surrendered into his hands, with all the possessions belonging to it.
After which the king granted his licence to him, in his 18th year, to appropriate and annex this church, among others of the cardinal's patronage, to the dean and canons of the college founded by him in the university of Oxford. But here it staid only four years, when this great prelate being cast in a prƦmunire in 1529, the estates of that college were forfeited to the king, and became part of the royal revenue.
Ā¶Queen Elizabeth, in her 10th year, granted the rectory or parsonage of Yalding, and the advowson of the vicarage, for thirty years, to Mr. John Warde, at the yearly rent of thirty pounds, in whose possession they continued till king James I. in his 5th year, granted the see of them to Richard Lyddale and Edward Bostock, at the like yearly rent, (fn. 17) and they soon afterwards alienated them to Ambrose Warde, gent. of this parish, son of John above-mentioned, in whose descendants they continued down till they came into the possession of three brothers, Thomas, of Littlebrook, in Stone; George and Ambrose, among whose descendants they came afterwards to be divided, and again sub-divided in different shares, one third part to captain Thomas Amhurst, of Rochester; one third of a third part, and a third of a sixth part to Mr. Holmes, of Derby; Mr. Ambrose Ward, of Littlebrook, and the Rev. Mr. Richard Warde, late of Oxford, each alike, and the remaining sixth part by the Rev. Mr. John Warde, the present vicar of this parish, who some years ago rebuilt the vicarage-house in a very handsome manner.
This rectory now pays a yearly fee-farm rent of thirty pounds to the crown.
It is valued in the king's books, at 20l. 18s. 9d. and the yearly tenths at 2l. 1s. 10Ā½d.
There are two separate manors, one belonging to the rectory or parsonage, and the other to the vicarage of this church.
* 1m 13secs sequence
Finally, a video sequence, taken through the window of our DMU service back to Darnall, where two of us had left out cars to get the train into Worksop at 11 this morning. The video was shot on my Samsung S7 phone and through the window of the class 144, 'rocking and rolling' along. It shows the rake of coaches and the class 345, 345023, sat on the nearest siding road to the main lines, albeit at the other side of the palisade fence which surrounds the HArry Needle's Yard. At this time, about 13:45, the rake of VTEC coaches and the rear DVT, 82226, have been reversed onto the line next to the Electric Unit and the DVT can be seen poking out beyond the line of grey/blue Electric Unit coaches. Some information about the 345 units, brought up from the Queen Elisabeth line in London-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_345
At some point, the Yard will become much fuller and there is, we were informed, to be other classes and sets brought here for both storage and maintenance, so it looks like the place will be very lively indeed, though not accessible to photographers, easily... shame a viewing platform couldn't have been erected somewhere to facilitate the enthusiast requirements ... apologies for the various background noises!
[c=#949494]gabriela *; vocevemcomigoaondequerqueeuvoe.[/c] diz:
irmĆ£Ć£ ;D
Gabi . diz:
gĆŖĆŖmeaa
Gabi . diz:
te enchi de pergunta, hƩin?
Gabi . diz:
HAHA
Gabi . diz:
brigadinha
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahauaohaaiaoai e eu adorei responder =}
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
meeu voce Ʃ muito linda *-* e aquela calƧa xadrez, o que Ʃ aquilo? :OOO
tƓ babando atƩ agora/
Gabi . diz:
aiai, queria ter tempo pra desenhaar, sĆ³ fds e agora FĆRIAS! UHULL
Gabi . diz:
Brigada!
Gabi . diz:
como Ć© o nome do programa mesmo?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
uhuul mesmo o/\o mais voce nao tem muito tempo, Ć© isso?
Gabi . diz:
photo ?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] deseja uma Conversa com VĆdeo.
Responder (Alt+C) Recusar (Alt+Z)
VocĆŖ perdeu uma Conversa com VĆdeo de [c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c].
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ah eu uso photofiltre e photoshop cs2
Gabi . diz:
photofiltre vc baixou?
Gabi . diz:
ou jĆ” veio no seu comptador?
Gabi . diz:
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
aham. adobe tambem.
Gabi . diz:
eu nĆ£o uso NADA.
Gabi . diz:
q pobreza.
Gabi . diz:
vc tem orkut?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahauaoehieoei meninaaaaaaaaa MANDA SUAS fotos pra mim! a coisa que eu mais amo no mundo: editar fotos <3
Gabi . diz:
sim, siim ...
Gabi . diz:
HAHA
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
tenho sim:
www.orkut.com/Profile.aspx?uid=3729965192779047357
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahauHAIAOEHI ;x
Gabi . diz:
ahh, eu nem tenho ;/
Gabi . diz:
nĆ£o gosto muito nĆ£o
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
aah serio? :\
Gabi . diz:
sƩrio!
Gabi . diz:
qdo acabam suas aulas?
Gabi . diz:
gentzi, que SAIA Ć© aquela? q vc fez pra sua irma
Gabi . diz:
de tule rosa
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
daqui cinco semanas.
Gabi . diz:
caaara, eu quero
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahauaoahUAOAHAIAOAI faciinho :9
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
nem eu :T deve ter em brechĆ³, mais eu odeioĀ³ brechĆ³. eu amo comprar =D
Gabi . diz:
AMOĀ³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³Ā³ comprar.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
coom certeza photoshop ;]
Gabi . diz:
eu jƔ vi todas as fts dela atƩ 2004.;
Gabi . diz:
atƩ 2005!
Gabi . diz:
sĆ³ falta 2006
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
assim, eu amo costurar, eu faƧo saias vestidos e tal pra mim.. o duro Ʃ comprar cara, esse Ʃ o problema da minha vida! nao dƔ pra ficar comprando pano pra fazer as coisas que eu uso..
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
meu SONHO Ć© ter estilo vintage&retro, assim Ć³:
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
www.fotolog.com/vintageandretro
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
vĆŖ se nao Ć© de babar..
Gabi . diz:
Ć© :/
Gabi . diz:
eu quero: um suspensorio, bottons, um colete azul marinho, peƧas de uma loja aĆ equivalentes a 188 reais, um coturno
Gabi . diz:
e por aĆ vaaaai
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
*----* a gente Ć© irma meesmo.. a gente pensa igual cara *-* tĆ” bom, vamos confirmar mais algumas coisas. que dia e mes voce nasceu, e que musica se ouuve, seus idolos? ;]
Gabi . diz:
no meu flickr tem as musikas q eu ouƧo. vc tƔ logada?
Gabi . diz:
25/07/94 - taubatƩ
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ah entao a gente nao Ć© do mesmo signo..
Gabi . diz:
leĆ£o e vc?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
sagitario :x
Gabi . diz:
;x q diz vc faz?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
9
Gabi . diz:
vc jĆ” pintou o cabelo?
Gabi . diz:
mes?
Gabi . diz:
dezxembro?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
dezembro aham :]
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
eu nuunca
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
mais minha mae deixou eu fazer umas mexinhas rosa
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
nao fiz atƩ agora :T
Gabi . diz:
eu jĆ” pintei a ponta de vermelho.
Gabi . diz:
ficou bom, mas eu tinha cabelo comprido e coreti
Gabi . diz:
quero pintar de novooo!
Gabi . diz:
hĆ” qto tempo vc toca violĆ£o?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahaoaheioia seu cabelo Ć© taao fofo *-*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
mais ou menos um ano.
Gabi . diz:
huun .. pretende montar uma banda?
[...]
CARACA, EU PENSO IDENTICAMENTE IGUAL A VOCE
Gabi . diz:
fiquei assustada agora!
Gabi . diz:
meo deos
Gabi . diz:
mostro!
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
OH MY GOD, a gente FOI separada!
Gabi . diz:
mas tipo, eu queria saber mais sobre a lingua portuguesa .. pra escrever melhor!
Gabi . diz:
ano passado eu cantei beatles e elvis na frente da escola inteira.
Gabi . diz:
tĆ”, eu nĆ£o canto muito bem.
[...]
mais espera sĆ³ eu crescer... eu quero fazer uma tatoo que nem da minha amiga, MUITO linda *-*
Gabi . diz:
vou fazer uma tattoo!
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
me mostra alguma musica sua!
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
aah eu quero muuitas tattos, eu aaaaaaaaamoĀ³ tattos. mais nao gosto muito de piercing.
Gabi . diz:
eu Ʊ quero piercing, sĆ³ tatttoo!
Gabi . diz:
*morri* q
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
eeu tbm *------* meu se um dia a gente se encontrar eu nao vou conseguir parar de falar
Gabi . diz:
TATTOO perfeeeeeeeita!
Gabi . diz:
eu tbm nĆ£o .
Gabi . diz:
aiushiauhsiauhsiuasha
Gabi . diz:
um dia a gente vai fazer compras juntas!
Gabi . diz:
HAHA
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
faz ANOOOOS que eu guardo essa foto, e vou guardar atƩ eu tiver 18!
Gabi . diz:
sƩrio.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ooooooooba ;9
Gabi . diz:
sou apaixinada por: meias, chapƩus e carros conversiveis
Gabi . diz:
o pior de tudo Ć© q minhas amigas sĆ£o totalmente diferentes de mim. elas nĆ£o gostam dessas roupas, e nĆ£o escutam as mesmas musicas q eu. nĆ£o sonham *
Gabi . diz:
sou sozinha :/
Gabi . diz:
BUAA
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
eu tenho uma idolatraƧao imensa pela marilyn monroe *-*
e sou viciada em livros, meias coloridas, fotografia, buttons, tecidos, guarda chuvas, fones de ouvido e cachecĆ³is!
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
EU TAMBEM ;O
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ultimamente eu ando tao sem amigas pra me entender :\ a gente daria boas melhores amigas o/\o
Gabi . diz:
eu faƧo coleĆ§Ć£o de buttons, mas Ć© dificil de acher :/
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
aah :\
Gabi . diz:
daria mesmo! afee :/
Gabi . diz:
eu me sinto igual a vocĆŖ.
Gabi . diz:
onde q vc mora mesmo?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
santa barbara d'oeste
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ai ai :\
Gabi . diz:
minha mĆ£e sempre fala que queria morar em sĆ£o paulo, eu nunca quis. agora q eu quero nĆ£o dĆ” mais :/
Gabi . diz:
minha mae tem duas tattoos
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
aaah que pena, sampa deve ser bem legal. tanto pra vida...
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
Ć© disso que eu quero viver ;D
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
sƩrio?
Gabi . diz:
eu tambƩm.
Gabi . diz:
sƩrio.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
meus pais tem um Ć³dio mortal por rock piercings e tattos.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
e namorados.
Gabi . diz:
meus pais sĆ£o novos.
Gabi . diz:
minha mae engravidou com 15.
Gabi . diz:
gostam de rock e me deixam namorar [eu acho]
Gabi . diz:
HAHA
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
sƩrio?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
UI que pais legais
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahaiaoeheioai
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
meu pai fala que vai grampear minha boca e sĆ³ vai deixar eu namorar com 18
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
:BBB
Gabi . diz:
eu sempre escolho a roupa da minha mĆ£e. Ć© divertido
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
mais se ja namorou ou ficou, sƩrio?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahauaoahaaioaiahaia *-*
Gabi . diz:
nĆ£o
Gabi . diz:
HAHA
Gabi . diz:
e vc?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
tambem nao :D
Gabi . diz:
minhas amigas gostam de funk [eu tbm, mas SĆ pra danƧar sabe?] e se vestem como pessoas normais.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
eu tambem, pra danƧar sooomente.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
mais cara elas sao muito diferentes. nao sei em que mundo elas vivem. vao de jeans pra escola, nao tem estilo, nao se arrumar, nao usam maquiagem (Ć© obrigatorio, lapis e blush todo dia!) :D
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
meniiiiiina tive uma idƩia ;O voce tem 13, ta na sƩtima nƩ? pensou se a gente cai na mesma faculdade, na mesma classe? =DDDDD
Gabi . diz:
genteeeeeee! q liiindo.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahaiaoaahiao tomara que a gente nao perca o contato atƩ lƔ!
Gabi . diz:
eu vou de jeans pra escola, mas nĆ£o todo dia. tipo, as vezes eu vou de shorts com polaina, uma calƧas meio malucas, coloridas. . HAHA
Gabi . diz:
to nem aĆ
Gabi . diz:
e vc?
Gabi . diz:
Ć©Ć©
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahauaoaheueoia eu aperto todos meus jeans pra ficar beeeeeeem skinny
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
e vou de blusa mais as vezes eu faƧo umas sobreposiƧoes (amo!)
Gabi . diz:
[amo!] tambƩ,*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
tipo uma regata da escola com uma outra por baixo..
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
e tooodo dia, all star.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ai uns acessĆ³rios e pĆ” *-*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ai eu queria polaina :~~ Ć© caro?
Gabi . diz:
15 reais em mĆ©dia. eu sĆ³ tenho uma :/
Gabi . diz:
tenho 4 all stars, quero mais 3!
Gabi . diz:
HAHA
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
aah :\
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ahauaoaheie
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
tenho sĆ³ dois
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
vermelho e branco. mais eu queria um mooonte!
Gabi . diz:
meu preto tĆ” acabdo sabe? daĆ eu quer mais um preto, um ROXO, e um vermelho ou branco de couro.
Gabi . diz:
isuhasihuaushaiu
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
*-*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
oolha esse cara, eu QUERO *--------*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
com desenhos atras *-*
Gabi . diz:
gentzii
Gabi . diz:
meu all star branco tem cadarƧo vermelho e Ʃ tooooodo quadriculado de azul .
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
*-*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
ajsaosjaosjoa :x
Gabi . diz:
seeeeeei
Gabi . diz:
eu tbm penso assim .
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
eu ja me imagino vestindo estrelas..
Gabi . diz:
a gente vai montar uma banda qdo estiver na faculdadde
Gabi . diz:
eu tambƩƩm.
Gabi . diz:
oww, vamo fazer intercambio?
Gabi . diz:
HAHA
Gabi . diz:
NY Ć© o PARAISO DAS ROUPAS.
Gabi . diz:
spo ropa legal
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
Ć MESMO *-*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
eu vou fazer quando eu tiver 16
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
sempre quis ir pro canadƔ mais voce me deu uma idƩia de mudar de destino ;999
Gabi . diz:
vamos pra NY!
Gabi . diz:
iasuhaishiashasuh
Gabi . diz:
:B
Gabi . diz:
tem menino gato tb!
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
isso Ć© o maaaaaaaisĀ³ importante
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
mais tipo..
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
te paqueram muuito na escola e tal?
Gabi . diz:
aham .. e vc?
Gabi . diz:
paoskaoskaposkpaosk
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
oƓ ahaiahaiaoahaiaoai da vergonha demais ;x
Gabi . diz:
vergonha?
Gabi . diz:
ahh, sei lĆ”, eu nem tenho nĆ£o
Gabi . diz:
sĆ³ q o pessoal da minha cidade [roƧa] me olha estranho por causa das minhas roupas e tal.
Gabi . diz:
sabe o q eu amo? meia-calƧa com shorts por cima, q nem as VJ's da MTV usam.
Gabi . diz:
a roupa delas sempre Ć© legal
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
demais demais demais eu tbm.
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
Ć©, aqui Ć© interior e estranham tbm, mais eu so timida demais..
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
nossa acabei de abrir o site da capricho
Gabi . diz:
qq tem?
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
olha sĆ³: moda e musica andam juntas, os melhores clipes que misturam fashion e musica!
*----*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
capricho.abril.com.br/atelie/conteudo_258635.shtml
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
aham.
Gabi . diz:
belĆŖ.
Gabi . diz:
vou passar minhas fƩrias INTEIRAAAAAS: desenhando [IUPI] assitindo filme e arrumando meu flickr [em dois dias eu faƧo!]
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
*-------*
[c=#949494]gabriela *; querotedaramĆ£omaisvocĆŖnemmeolha:~ [/c] diz:
eu tbm
Gabi . diz:
aeww!
Gabi . diz:
jƔƔ seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeei manoo.
Gabi . diz:
tipo em julho e em janeirto eu vou pra um acampamento.. se der, vc pode ir!
I was last here on a cold and grey day at the beginning or March.
Graveney stretches along the road, but All Saints sits on a quiet bend, and felt wonderfully isolated.
And not at all friendly, I have to say. It was locked, as expected, so I took aome outside shots and we moved on eatwards, but somehow I really wanted to see inside here, just to see if it could be warmer than it felt on that March morning.
I parked beside the road, I saw the door of the porch open, and a light filled space beyond.
Looked good....
------------------------------------------
The Victorians did not leave too much of a mark here, for the mellow red tiles, box pews and ledger slabs remain. There is a heavy medieval rood screen and the empty north and south aisles allow us to appreciate the building as it might originally have appeared. In the north aisle is a memorial brass to John Martyn (d. 1436) with cathedral-like proportions, being over 56 in long.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Graveney
-------------------------------------------
GRAVENEY
LIES the next parish north-westward from Hernehill. It was called in the time of the Saxons, Graven-ea, and afterwards, by corruption of language, Gravenel, in like manner as Oxney, Pevensey, and Rumency, were corruptly called Oxenel, Pevensel, and Rumenel; (fn. 1) the name of it denoting its low and watery situation, and it is now, by contraction, usually called Grainey.
IT LIES about two miles from the high London road, on the north side of it, at the 48th mile-stone, the parish of Goodnestone intervening, in a low country adjoining the marshes, of which there is a large quantity, both fresh and salt within it, Faversham creek and the Swale being the western and northern boundaries of it. The soil of it various, there being in the level part some rich tillage land, and on the rises or small hills in it, a light soil of both sand and gravel. The church stands in the eastern part of the parish, having Graveneycourt, with an antient gateway, and numerous offices, singularly built round it, well worth observation, as denoting its former respectable state. In the western part is Nagdon, adjoining to Faversham creck, having a decoy for wild fowl, and a large quantity of marsh land belonging to it. There is but little thoroughfare here, and no village, the houses being interspersed straggling throughout it. Upon the whole though unhealthy, it has not an unpleasant aspect, being well cloathed with trees, especially elm, which are very thriving here, and in great plenty; the roads are remarkably well taken care of, as are the poor, and the whole parish seems to thrive well under the care of the inhabitants of Graveney-court. There are some parts of this parish separated from the rest by those of Faversham and Goodneston intervening.
There are several scarce plants observed by Mr. Jacob in this parish, and enumerated in this PlantƦ Favershamienses.
THE ARCHBISHOP'S paramount manor of Boughton claims over the whole of this parish, as being within that hundred, subordinate to which is the manor of Graveney.
In the year 811, Wlfred, archbishop of Canterbury, purchased this place of Cenulph, king of Mercia, who had made the kingdom of Kent tributary to him, for the use of Christ-church, Canterbury, as appears by the leiger book of that priory, and that it was given L. S. A. that is, Libere Sicut Adisham, with the same liberties, immunities, and privileges that Adisham was. Soon after which, one Werhard, a powerful priest, and kinsman to the archbishop, found means to gain possession of it, and kept it till that prelate's death in 830, when Feogild succeeding to the see of Canterbury, though he sat in it but three months, yet in that time he compelled Werhard to restore Gravene then computed at thirty-two hides of land, to the church; and it was afterwards confirmed to it in anno 941, by king Edmund, Eadred his brother, and Edwyn son of the latter; (fn. 2) and it remained part of the revenues of Christchurch at the coming of archbishop Lanfranc to that see in 1070, when on his division of them, between himself and the monks of his church, this manor fell to his share, of whom it was afterwards held by knight's service. In which state it continued at the time of taking the survey of Domesday, anno 1080, in which it is thus entered, under the general title of Terra Militum Archiepi, that is, land held of the archbishop by knight's service.
In Boltune hundred the same Richard (who owed fealty to the archbishop) held of the archbishop Gravenel. It was taxed for one suling. The arable land is. In demesne there is one carucate, and eight villeins, with ten borderers having two carucates. There are five servants, and ten acres of meadow, and four saltpits of four shillings. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth one hundred shillings, now six pounds, of these the monks of Canterbury have twenty shillings.
Who this Richard was I do not find, though Somner calls him Ricardus Constabularius; however, it is not improbable, but he might afterwards adopt the surname of Gravene, from his having the possession of this place; certain it is, that it was afterwards held by a family who took their name from it. William de Gravene held it in the reign of king Henry III. of the archbishop, as one knight's fee. John de Gravene died possessed of it in the 56th year of the same reign, after which it became the property of the family of Feversham.
Thomas de Feversham died possessed of it in the beginning of the reign of king Edward III. leaving Joane his wife surviving, and in the window of the north chancel were formerly the arms of Feversham, A fess chequy, or, and gules, between six crosses, bottony, or; and underneath, Thomas Feversham, susticiar, & Johanna Uxor. ejus; on the pavement is a stone with two half-figures in brass for them, with an inscription round it in old French, part of which is gone; probably that which Weever mentions. (fn. 3) She afterwards entitled her second husband Sir Roger de Northwood to this manor, during her life; accordingly he paid aid for it in the 20th year of that reign, as one knight's see, which he held in right of his wife, of the archbishop, which was formerly held by Richard de Gravene. After her death her son Richard de Feversham succeeded to this manor, of which he died possessed in 1381, and was buried in this church, having married the daughter of Robert Dodde. His tomb, of Bethersden marble, remains against the south wall. In the south chancel, on the top, were two figures, and four coats of arms, the brasses gone; round the edge is this inscription, in brass, Ora pro aibs Roberti Dodde & Rici de Feuersham filii sui quonda dni de Gravene obiit, &c. Above the tomb, is a recess in the wall, with an antient carved arch above it. He had a daughter Joane, who became his heir, and married John Botiller, esq. and in her right became entitled to this manor, she died in 1408, and was buried in the south chancel here, her figure in brass on her gravestone is gone, but the inscription still remains. By her he had a son of his own name. Either he or his father was sheriff anno 22 king Richard II. John Botiller, esq the son, was knight of the shire in the 1st year of king Henry V.'s reign. They bore for their arms, Sable, three covered cups, or, within a bordure, argent; and John Botiller, probably the father, was esquire to archbishop Courtney, and mentioned in his will, proved anno 1396, being the 20th of Richard II.
There is a gravestone in the south chancel here, which most probably was for John Botiller the son; on it was his figure in brass, now gone, and four coats of arms; the two first are gone, the third Botiller, the fourth Feversham, a fess chequy, between six crosses, bottony, or. The inscription was remaining in Weever's time. This stone, I am informed, was some years ago removed out of the north chancel hither, and in the window of this chancel is this coat of arms, quarterly, first, Botiller, as above; second and third, a fess chequy, or, and gules, in chief three crosses, bottony, or; the bottom part being broken, the fourth is likewise broken. Underneath are these words remaining, Johes er, & Jonna ux ejs. Joane his wife was daughter and heir of William de Frogenhall, by whom he had a daughter and sole heir Anne, who carried it in marriage to John Martyn, judge of the common pleas, the son of Richard Martyn, of Stonebridge, who built much at his seat of Graveney court, where he partly resided. (fn. 4) He died in 1436, leaving his widow surviving, who then became again possessed of this manor in her own right. She afterwards married Thomas Burgeys, esq. whom she likewise survived, and dying in 1458 was buried beside her first husband in the north chancel of this church. His gravestone is of a very large size, and is most richly inlaid with brass, which is well preserved, having the figures of him and his wife, and other ornaments over the whole of it. There were four coats of arms, only the second of which, that of Boteler, is remaining. He bore for his arms, Argent, on a chevron, gules, three talbot bounds, passant, or. Her second husband Thomas Burgeys died in 1452, and was buried in the same chancel, where his gravestone remained till within these few years. At the upper end of the stone are two coats in brass, first Boteler impaling Frogenhall; second, a fess chequy impaling the like. Another coat, at the bottom, is gone, as is his figure.
In the descendants of Judge Martyn, residents at Graveney-court, this manor continued down to Robert Martyn, who likewise resided here, and died in the first year of Edward VI. (fn. 5) leaving his two daughters, Joane, married to Richard Argall, and Elizabeth to Stephen Reames, of Faversham, his coheirs. From them this manor was passed away by sale to John Pordage, of Rodmersham, in whose name it continued till it was at length sold to Daniel Whyte, esq. of Vinters, in Boxley, whose descendant of the same name, about the beginning of king George II.'s reign, alienated it to Mr. Edward Blaxland, who afterwards resided here, and bore for his arms, on a fess, three falcous volant, jessed and belled. He died in 1739. This occasioned this manor to be separated in several divisions and again afterwards in further subdivisions, among his descendants, in which state it now remains; but those of the male line of the name of Blaxland, still continue to reside at it. From the beginning of the last century to the middle of it, the Napletons, a family of good account in these parts of the county, were lessees of Graveney-court, and resided at it; and from that time to the latter end of it, the Houghhams were occupiers of it, and resided here. Many of both families lie buried in this church, as do all the Blaxlands, since their coming to the possession of this estate.
NAGDEN, formerly spelt Negdon, is a noted estate in the north-west part of this parish, consisting mostly of marsh land, which was once part of the endowment of the abbey of Faversham, and continued amongst the revenues of it till its final dissolution in the 30th year of Henry VIII. at which time it was valued at eight pounds per annum.
This estate thus coming into the hands of the crown, was granted by the king next year to Sir Thomas Cheney, lord warden, to hold in capite, who alienated it, in the 36th year of that reign, to Robert Martyn, of Graveney-court, who died in the first year of king Edward VI. (fn. 6) leaving his two daughters his coheirs, Joane, married to Richard Argall, and Elizabeth to Stephen Reames, who jointly possessed this estate. After which both these moieties seem to have been conveyed to Ciriac Petit, of Colkins, in this neighbourhood, who died possessed of the entire see of it in 1591, and in his descendants it continued down to Mr. William Petit, who in 1709 conveyed it by sale to dame Sarah Barrett, of Lee, widow, who died in 1711, upon which this estate came to her only son by her first husband, Sir Francis Head, bart. who died possessed of it in 1716. (fn. 7) He left four sons, who became entitled to this estate on their father's death, as coheirs in gavelkind. On the death of the eldest Sir Richard Head, bart. in 1721, his share devolved to his three brothers. James Head, esq. died afterwards intestate in 1727, and unmarried, on which Sir Francis Head, bart. and John Head, D. D. became possessed of it in undivided moieties, and the latter that same year conveyed his moiety of it to the former, who in 1745 sold the entire fee of it to John Smith, esq. of Faversham, who has since conveyed it to his son, John Smith, junior, esq. of Ospringe, the present possessor of it. The estate of Nagden pays nine shillings per annum, on Lammas day, to the vicar of Graveney, in lieu of tithes.
Charities.
On a tablet in the church, the benefactions of several pieces of land are recorded, amounting in the whole to upwards of four acres. These are put up as benefactions to the church; but by the information of the clerk, they belonged to the poor, to whom the yearly produce of them was distributed till of late. It is now applied to the repairs of the church.
The poor constantly relieved are about ten, casually 25.
GRAVENEY is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Ospringe.
The church is dedicated to All Saints, and consists of three isles and a high chancel, and two side ones formerly called chapels, the south one being dedicated to St. John, and the north one to the Virgin Mary. The steeple, which is a tower, stands at the north-west corner. In it are three bells. The antient gravestones in this church have been removed from where they originally laid, to make room for the present ones. Thus that of John Martyn, as I am informed, has been removed out of the north into the south chancel. In this north chancel they have been likewise still further displaced; there are now two rows of gravestones in it, lying three and three. In the west row are now, the first southward, Judge Martyn's; the second, Mr. Edward Blaxland's, who died in 1739; and the third, Thomas Burgeys, esq. For the making room for Mr. E. Blaxland's, Judge Martyn's stone was removed from the middle or second place to the first, where before his son's lay, till removed to the south chancel. This practice, of disturbing the ashes of the dead, as is but too frequent in churches of late, calls loudly for some authority to prevent it in future.
The church of Graveney, with the advowson of the vicarage, was in very early times part of the possessions of the priory of St. Mary Overies, in Southwark, with which it continued till the final dissolution of it in the 31st year of king Henry VIII. when it came into the hands of the crown, together with all the revenues and estates belonging to it.
The parsonage remained in the crown some years longer than the advowson of the vicarage, as will be mentioned hereafter, that is, till the 3d year of queen Elizabeth, when the queen granted this rectory, being then valued at 7l. 6s. 8d. yearly rent, to archbishop Parker and his successors, in exchange for other premises. (fn. 8) Since which it has continued part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury to this time.
This parsonage has been from time to time demised on a beneficial lease, at the above yearly rent. In 1643 Mrs. Elizabeth Robinson, widow, was tenant of it. John Baker, esq. of St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, is the present lessee of it.
But the advowson of the vicarage did not continue so long in the crown, for it was granted, among others, in 1558, to the archbishop and his successors, (fn. 9) with whom it now continues, his grace the archbishop being now patron of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at fifty pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 4s. per annum. In 1578 there were communicants here ninety. In 1640 the communicants were sixty-five, and it was valued at sixty pounds per annum.
In the year 1244 archbishop Boniface, on the presentation of the prior and convent of St. Mary Overies, as appears by an antient book belonging to it, instituted Ralph, the curate of Gravene, to the perpetual vicarage of this parish, so that he should receive and take in the name of it, all fruits and oblations, with all other things belonging to the church, excepting two sheaves of the tithe, and should take the same to his own use.
In the same manuscript, on a dispute between the prior and convent, rectors of this church, and Richard, lord of Gravenel, concerning tithes in this parish, it was decreed in 1283, before the rural dean of Ofpringe, that the vicar should receive, in the name of the religious, as well as in his own right, all tithes arising in future from the feedings and pastures in his own marshes, called North-marsh and Leved-marsh, which should be paid to him without any cavil or exception. (fn. 10)
The vicar has a house and two acres of glebe land.
Ā¶The vicarage is worth about fifty pounds per annum. He is entitled, by the above composition, to all tithes, excepting the two sheaves mentioned in it, and by prescription likewise; which third part of the corn tithes is now usually known by the name of the vicar's third sheaf. But the impropriator's lease being for all the tithes of the parish, without any such exception, has occasioned many quarrels and disputes about this third sheaf, which are now entirely subsided, and the vicar is accustomed to take one shock out of every thirty shocks of corn, in right of his vicarage.
This World Class attraction was everything we expected and more. Construction has just begun on a major expansion, but that has been managed in such a way that it does not in any way detract from the experience now.
This album focuses on the artwork inside the buildings and on the other interior spaces including the Eleven Restaurant and the Gift Shop. A separate album posted a few days ago is devoted to the two April mornings that we spent exploring just some of the trails that crisscross the 120 acres of Arkansas forest around the museum.
Alice Walton and her co-creative team can be proud of the vision and execution of everything on this 120 acre site.
_____________________________________________
"Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is a museum of American art in Bentonville, Arkansas. The museum, founded by Alice Walton and designed by Moshe Safdie, officially opened on 11 November 2011. It offers free public admission.
Alice Walton, the daughter of Walmart founder Sam Walton, spearheaded the Walton Family Foundation's involvement in developing Crystal Bridges. The museum's glass-and-wood design by architect Moshe Safdie and engineer Buro Happold features a series of pavilions nestled around two creek-fed ponds and forest trails. The 217,000 square feet complex includes galleries, several meeting and classroom spaces, a library, a sculpture garden, a museum store designed by architect Marlon Blackwell, a restaurant and coffee bar, named Eleven after the day the museum opened, "11/11/11". Crystal Bridges also features a gathering space that can accommodate up to 300 people. Additionally, there are outdoor areas for concerts and public events, as well as extensive nature trails. It employs approximately 300 people, and is within walking distance of downtown Bentonville."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art
crystalbridges.org/nature-trails/
...
As expected, after hearing about the deaths of Kelsey and Stone, the US Army decided to retaliate: Maj Gen Persifor Smith ordered Lt George Stoneman to lead a military expedition to punish Chief Augustine for the deaths of Kelsey and Stone. Unable to locate the Augustine band, the US troops instead found the Pomo village of Badonnapoti in Upper Lake. As far as can be determind, the village Pomo had no relation to the Pomo of Kelseyville. Regardless, Stoneman decided to attack. Finding that his rifle range could not reach the village, he instructed Lt Nathaniel Lyon to move reinforcements up by whaling boats. On April 15, while Stoneman fired his cannons to distract the villagers from the South, Lyon stormed the island on one of his whaling boats from the North. It was a horrific slaughter. Most sources state about 5 Pomo fought back against the attack, using slings and arrows. Most fled into the tule surrounding the island, only to run into the second party on the second whaling boat from the South. Women and children were shot and stabbed, and one source records observing children picked up by bayonets and thrown into the water. One six-year old survived by hiding in the water and breathing through a tule reed. The exact death toll varies widely, but is generally accepted to be around 75 to 150. Losses in the US Army and settlers was 0. Stoneman then led his forces on a wide sweep through the Russian River valley, attacking several villages and killing perhaps an equal number in those communities.
Nataniel Lyon later became famed in the American Civil War as the first attacking Union hero, only to be killed soon after at Wilson's Creek. In the same conflict, George Stoneman gained a mixed legacy, failing in raids in 1863 and 1864, only to succeed at the very end of the war (as sung in the Band's "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down"). Kelsey and Stone were found and buried, the last time under historical markers in 1950 after repeated acts of vandalism. The other Kelseys continued their rein of terror, against the indigenous Natives and otherwise. Chief Augustine survived and years later was a primary source on the whole incident.
After the slaughter at Bloody Island the Pomo were divided into Rancherias. The communities that survived have lately prospered, opening up casinos throughout the Clear Lake Region. Bloody Island is still near Pomo land, and a sore point between them and the State of California concerned the recognition of the massacre location. Previous monuments (usually describing some sort of battle) have been repeatedly vandalized or destroyed.
Bloody Island is the hill located here. Reclamation projects have made what was once part of the lake farmland. An old monument from the 1940s reads:
BLOODY ISLAND
SCENE OF A BATTLE BETWEEN U.S. SOLDIERS
UNDER COMMAND OF CAPTAIN LYONS AND
INDIANS UNDER CHIEF AUGUSTINE,
APRIL 14TH, 1850.
DEDICATED AS AN HISTORICAL MONUMENT BY
THE NATIVE SONS OF THE GOLDEN WEST
MAY 20, 1942
Almost everything on the plaque is in fact incorrect. The splash of red suggests that someone has taken exception to the monument. Nevertheless it is the only marker at the actual spot of Bloody Island. Someone else apparently placed a Pomo basket near the marker.
Upper Lake, California.
33 weeks down, 7 to go
Strobist info
NNK Carven 321M @ 1/1 bounced off the roof on camera front left.
SB-600 behind my wife to the right, angled down from 2m. Power 1/16 85mm
SUNPAK 36FD behind my wife to the left, straight angle from 1m. Power 1/16
All triggered with Cactus V4
Volunteer review Joshua Manning in Honduras La Ceiba PreMed Program at local hospital
1.-How was the local ABV Coordinator and the support provided in-country?
Our ABV coordinator, was a trooper. He dealt with our constant nonsense, our heartless mangling of his language, and our odd hours with no complaints. Without him our efforts would have collapsed into a haphazard mess. John Nurse, our contact at the clinic and hospital, was a stronger character. The nurses and doctors almost universally enjoy helping us gringos, and the ABV office keeps a presence with occasional emails. I always felt as if there was a safety net.
2- What was the most surprising thing you experienced?
At the program: Donāt expect the same standard of sterility and urgency which is commonplace in the States. As frustrating as it will likely become, the laid back central american nature encapsulated by the word āsiestaā permeates into even the emergency rooms. At the same time, their āsterile fieldā is usually nothing more than the paper they took their gloves out of.
At the accommodation: I did not stay with the coordinator, and I was surprised to find that my host family was changing their daily lives to accommodate our program schedule, to an extent. SeƱora Argentina was wonderful, and the food at the house was great. Bear in mind that if you live with a different family, they need to be kept in the loop. Donāt stroll up at 9pm for dinner when they eat at 5:30 unless you told them beforehand, follow the local time for meals.
About the country: La Ceiba doesnāt reflect the reputation Honduras has garnered in recent years. Expect relative poverty, expect a language barrier if your Spanish is no bueno, but donāt expect to fear for your life. Donāt be too stupid, donāt wander the streets at midnight, donāt challenge people on the streets, and youāll be A-OK.
3- What was most difficult to experience?
At the program: Pain is a constant presence in Honduran medicine. I understand that it exists everywhere, and sometimes medicine requires it. However, I feel for our patients here. It broke my heart nearly every morning to see an old woman cry in the clinic while simply having an ulcer on her foot cleaned. Itās necessary here, but was almost alien to me.
At the accommodation: Our showers are cold, and my water shut off at 10. Itās a petty complaint, donāt let it deter you. The trip is well worth it.
The country: Honduras is beautiful, often in a mind-bending sort of way. The most difficult, and fun, experience here was navigating the city while still coming to terms with Spanish.
4- Any tips for future volunteersā¦
Clothing: Definitely a must. There are options for washing clothes, but they will cost you money, so prepare for a small expense, something in the realm of $5-10. Pack for a week, wash your clothes on the weekends. Also, watching surgeries requires changing into a clean pair of scrubs, so always have one with you. At least 10 or a week.
Donations: Everything on the emailed list is important. They need medicine like ibuprofen, desperately need antibiotic creams and medicines, and treat medical tools and supplies like gold. For things like sterile gloves, BP cuffs, Pulse Oxes, and tape, I would suggest keeping it in case you need it and donating it at the end. Also, anything you leave out or set on a table and lose sight of will likely become a donation as well.
Weather: Itās so hot here. The only time I donāt feel like I am or might start sweating is when Iām in the shower. Donāt worry about it though, it builds character.
4.1-Other things volunteers should know:
a.- If you speak high school Spanish, and youāre comfortable looking like a bit of an idiot sometimes, just go for it. If you donāt speak any, be clear on wanting the translator, else youāll be relying on your new volunteer friends a lot if they know spanish.
b.- Decide beforehand what youāll be comfortable doing. The possibilities are nearly limitless. You wonāt be performing an appendectomy, but youāll be able to learn procedures here that would be more off-limits back home. Also, definitely have sterile gloves, along with normal gloves, if you can find them.
c.- Figure out spending money beforehand as well. The exchange rate is L22 lempiras to a dollar, taxi rides to the volunteer sites are L25 limps, youāll be taking between two and four on a normal day, if the coordinator can he will give transportation (its not included) so be flexible, and weekend excursions could be as little as US$50 or as much as US$250, depending on what you want to do and spend.
d.- Be vocal. Learn the word for ācanā (poder) and ātryā (tratar), and use them. āI want to learnā (Quiero aprender) is a great sentence to have and use. If you ask, theyāll usually let you, and if you donāt know how, they almost invariably will show you.
5- Personal Paragraph (ABV Program Testimonial), donāt leave blank:
A Broader View offers an extremely fascinating and largely unique opportunity with this type of trip. I figured out early on that as a pre-med student, my donations were invaluable, and my help was tolerated, though tolerated happily as near as I could tell. In the clinic, we took blood pressure, cleaned wounds, and removed stitches. At the hospital, we were able to watch some surgeries and live births. In the emergency room, we set casts, helped with suturing, and witnessed real life for a group of impoverished people. Sometimes, tragically, people didnāt make it. This trip was real, and most certainly not a vacation. On top of everything else, one of the most valuable things I gained was perspective.
6- How would you describe your accommodation, meals and security:
The accommodations were better than I honestly expected, despite the lack of AC. My fan was usually perfectly fine. I never really felt unsafe, and didnāt take any undue risks. The meals were mostly tremendous, with a couple of exceptions involving white bread, beans and rice. I was never hungry, frequently tired, and always hot. Iām also strongly considering coming back.
7- What was your favorite memory of this trip?
Program: Picking out a single memory is difficult. My first really good memory with the program helping with casts in my first couple of days. I got along well with the doctor, I could understand a lot of what he told me, we got a good picture with the girl, and she asked us to sign her cast. The medical interns here are used to crazy volunteers making a near-spectacle in the ER, and itās cool so long as there isnāt an emergency at the time.
Country: I only had one weekend excursion, and it was amazing. Utila is a beautiful island similar to Roatan, but infinitely cheaper. I went with some new friends I met here, we visited bars and the beach, went shopping, and played cards incessantly. I wish I couldāve had more weekends like it, but Iām thankful for the one I had.
8.- How was the ABV USA support prior traveling?
Communication (Phone/emails/Online chat): While I was setting up my trip here, I relied heavily on phone calls to the office with random questions. Their hours are somewhat short, and you may not always have someone pick up on the first ring, but they always get back. Email communication is more frequent and consistent. Read the emails thoroughly, there could always be important information in them. They also sent me a āHappy Birthdayā email, which was pretty nice.
Website Information: From what I recall, the website info is generally correct, but almost slightly misleading. A lot of things done here are free form. If you pay for classes, but would rather go to the hospital one afternoon, you certainly can. Just make sure your teacher finds out. If you donāt want to go to the clinic that morning, or you want to work a night shift in the ER, it can usually be worked out. Be ready and willing to change tracks quickly.
9 ā Are you willing to speak to other potential ABV volunteers?
Sure, we can be pen pals. Emails would probably be your best bet. Iām more than happy to answer questions.
10 ā Can you tell us how did you find or know about A Broader View?
A group of my friends found the trip, we planned it together, and then they decided to go later. As a result, Iām here by myself, and I couldnāt be happier with the way things worked out. However you found this trip, donāt be afraid to leave your comfort zone.
#volunteerabroad #honduras #laceiba #premed #abroaderview
I'm always half-expecting people to wave me down on my nightly commute and say "those wheel-lights are the coolest thing I've ever seen, I simply must have some!" That's what I'd say anyway, if I'd never seen MonkeyLights before, they are simply mesmerizing to me. Butā¦ it never happens. Probably because I'm riding in the middle of the night in suburban Auckland, there's no-one else around!
If you're in the Southern Hemisphere get yours here:
Dave has all kinds of cool shit!
We all expect instant gratification - but that's not the case when you take a hard drive to have someone attempt a recovery. First a diagnosis - well, first pass at that failed (and I already had done those steps so I knew it was coming but we all hope for a miracle). So now it's with technical where I'll get a quote for how much my carelessness will cost me. Just like with my cat, there's a $ mark where I say forget it - just put it out of its misery. So I'm waiting to see if like the cat, the drive knew just how far to push the limit. Yes, the cat's worth far more to me than the USB drive, after all he's family, but I've realized from experience that prolonging the suffering of a four-legged friend becomes abuse.
I will say, if you're in the Houston area and need computer or drive work then you should think first of Northrock Computer. Very nice people and they're not out to rob you of your home and grandkids. They got Small Business of the year for NW Houston Area and I can easily see why!
Take my advice or ignore it. The risk is yours. I've already bought one drive and I'll decide on a second. I need to make up my mind how to set up a backup. I'm leaning toward a small 2 T portable USB for my new photos and using the 3 T USB drive I bought for backup.
Nearly 1,000 Students to Participate in WSSU Commencement on May 15
WINSTON-SALEM, NC -- Christina WareĆ¢s story is one of the many inspiring testimonials of the nearly 1,000 undergraduate and graduate students from near and afar who are expected to participate in Winston-Salem State UniversityĆ¢s commencement ceremony on Friday, May 15, at 9:45 a.m., at Bowman Gray Stadium, 1250 South Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive.
Academy Award-winning recording artist, activist and actor Common will be the keynote speaker. There are no guest limits or ticket requirements for the ceremony.
It is conceivable that WareĆ¢s story of work ethic, undeniable spirit and enthusiasm encapsulates the sentiment of her graduating 2015 classmates.
Ware, 43, of Winston-Salem, is quite active on and off campus as a mentor to other students, a member of the non-traditional student organization, the first president of Epsilon Chapter 130 of Tau Sigma National Honor Society at WSSU, a wife and proud mother of two. She is also legally blind. She wants to blaze trails, set examples and raise the bar for others with disabilities.
Ć¢In 2007, I lost my eyesight. After a six-month pity party, I decided to continue my education and make a difference for others. Since 2008, I have spent every day of my life proving to society that having a disability does not mean we are weak. I am now an advocate for persons with disabilities,Ć¢ Ware, a business major, said, "We are not handicapped, we are handy capable!"
Ware, who can be described as always pleasant and having an unlimited enthusiasm for life, says every day alive is like Christmas. She demands to be treated like everyone else and has been noted to say, Ć¢I may physically fall, but mentally I can get back up and pull a 4.0 semester.Ć¢ After graduation she wants to start a Kosher/Halal foods business and become active on community boards.
The China Connection
From the City of Harbin, the capital and largest city of the Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China, WSSU Master of Arts in the Teaching of English as a Second Language and Applied Linguistics students Yaowen Xing and Chunling Zhang have found a second home at WSSU and in Winston-Salem. They perhaps have come the farthest distance attend the university.
With a population of more than five million people, Harbin is situated in the northeast region of China so close to Russia that only the Songhua River separates the two countries. Nicknamed the Ice City, the average winter temperature is -3.5 ĆĀ°F with annual lows hitting -31.0 ĆĀ°F. ItĆ¢s no wonder the students say the warmer weather here in the Piedmont Triad has not been lost in translation with them and itĆ¢s one of the things they enjoy.
Ć¢We really love the weather in North Carolina, especially the long summer time, since our hometown is so cold with snow for almost 6 months of the year,Ć¢ Xing, 30, noted. Ć¢We also love the people at WSSU and the faculty who all are nice and it has been a really good experience.Ć¢
Xing and Zhang, 35, are in America as part of a Chinese education immersion program to help exchange the cultures between China and America. They enjoy working as cultural ambassadors to students in both the cultures. The two came to the U.S. in 2013 and have been teaching at Konnoak Elementary school during the early hours and studying and researching later in the day. Ć¢Coming to America was a dream for me after learning about it through books, movies and music, and my time here it has been amazing,Ć¢ Xing said.
Zhang, said she didnĆ¢t know much about WSSU or Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUĆ¢s), but after a short time here she knew WSSU would be was special part of life. Ć¢I have met many African- Americans who have been friendly and helpful. I now can say I truly have many black friends,Ć¢ Zhang said. She and Xing have taken advantage of the HBCU experience. They have been often seen attending evening lectures and presentations, sports events, musical and visual arts events. With their WSSU master degrees they will return to China one day in the future to make an impact on teaching and the quality of education there.
The All-In Approach
Olivia N. Sedwick, 21, a political science major from Indianapolis, has taken Ć¢the all-in approach" to her WSSU experience. The current WSSU student government president (SGA), honorĆ¢s student and champion athlete, chose WSSU over other schools she could have attended.
Featured in a USA Today article highlighting the HBCU experience released last June, Sedwick is quoted as saying about WSSU, Ć¢I fell in love with the school.Ć¢ She says, Ć¢We talked about things that I had never had the chance to before coming from a predominantly white high school.Ć¢
Liking the intellectual and social environment, she was comfortable becoming involved around campus. In her first year, a walk-on athlete for the womenĆ¢s track and field team, she was a 2013 CIAA Indoor WomenĆ¢s Track and Field All-Conference competitor and the WSSU womenĆ¢s shot put record holder until earlier this year, although she never competed in the throws until coming to college. In her second year she served as the sophomore class vice president while also being appointed to serve on many committees throughout the university. In that same year, she was a delegate to the UNC Association of Student Governments (UNCASG), representing WSSU students on a state-wide level. At the end of that year, she became the first African-American female elected senior vice president of UNCASG and served in that capacity for the entirety of her third year while being active as the chief of staff for the WSSU student government association that year also. Toward the end of her term in UNCASG, she decided to run for student body president and has served as the voice of the students for the duration of her last year. With all of her activities, she has maintained a 3.95 GPA throughout her time in college.
Sedwick has been selected as a UNC General Administration Presidential Intern, which begins in July. Upon completion of the prestigious one-year appointment, Sedwick plans to attend Howard University School of Law.
A Drum Major who will March for a Noble Cause
Willie Davis, 22, a social work major from Fayetteville, N.C., who has led WSSUĆ¢s Red Sea of Sound Marching Band as a drum major for his senior year, will now march to lead the charge for helping veterans and their families cope with typical and unique challenges of serving in military. Davis will be one of four Cadets with the distinct honor of being commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant U.S. in the U.S. Army during this yearĆ¢s commencement ceremony. Despite that professionally Davis will help vets, military and families with things like dealing with emotions, he said, Ć¢I donĆ¢t think I will be ready for the commissioning part (of commencement) emotionally.Ć¢
Readiness for Davis is an understatement. The youngest of three siblings, who was age 10 when his father died, Davis has been an A average student throughout life. He was in the top ten of his high school class and the first generation in his family to attend college. At WSSU, besides maintaining high academic achievement and serving in the U.S. Army ROTC, Davis has been active with the WSSU Band, the University Choir, a Campus Ambassador, a mentor to freshmen students, vice president of the WSSU chapter of Kappa Kappa Psi National Honorary Band Fraternity, a Veterans Helping Veterans Heal intern and a member of Galilee Missionary Baptist Church in Winston-Salem.
After graduation, Davis is going to graduate school at the University of South Carolina. He plans to complete that program in one year and begin his military duties. As a clinical social worker, his responsibilities may range from clinical counseling, crisis intervention, disaster relief, critical event debriefing, teaching and training, supervision, research, administration, consultation and policy development in various military settings. He wants to specialize in helping military veterans who suffer from different traumas such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), paranoid schizophrenia and other conditions.
All outstanding issues between Bangladesh and India are expected to be resolved before the upcoming visit of Indian Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh to Bangladesh, reports BSS.
This optimism was expressed when visiting Indian Foreign Minister S M Krishna called on Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and discussed various matters of common interests with her, at her office in Dhaka on Thursday.
They discussed various issues of bilateral interest, said Mr. Abul Kalam Azad, Press Secretary to the prime minister, while briefing the newsmen after the meeting.
Appreciating the dynamic and prudent leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, the Indian Foreign Minister said the existing bilateral relations between the two friendly countries will be a role model for other co0untries in Asia.
The issue of providing transit facilities to Nepal and Bhutan also came up for discussion in the meeting.
Sheikh Hasina said her government was working relentlessly for improving the lot of the common people in Bangladesh.
Describing poverty as the main impediment to development in the South Asian region, she said continuity of democracy is needed for eradicating poverty from South Asia.
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina emphasised the need for working together for alleviating poverty in the region for the benefit of the peoples of the two countries. He referred to various programmes undertaken by her government to ameliorate the condition of the people.
The conference on austism, scheduled to be held in Dhaka on July 25 and 26, was also discussed in the meeting. President of Indian Congress Party Sonia Gandhi is expected to inaugurate the conference.
Foreign Minister Dr Dipu Moni, Advisers to the Prime Minister Dr Gowher Rizvi and Dr Mashiur Rahman, Bangladesh High Commissioner to New Delhi Mr. Tareque A Karim, Indian High Commissioner in Dhaka Mr. Rajeet Mitter, Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister Mr. M A Karim, Foreign Secretary Mr. Mijarul Quayes and PM's Press Secretary Mr. Abul Kalam Azad, among others, were present on the occasion.
UNB adds: Bangladesh and India on Thursday expressed optimism about signing interim deals on water sharing of the common rivers, Teesta and Feni, and on border demarcation during Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's visit to Dhaka on September 6-7.
The details of the accords, however, are still to be worked out.
At a joint press conference after the official talks between the two Foreign Ministers, Bangladesh Foreign Minister Dipu Moni and Indian External Affairs Minister SM Krishna came up with the identical views on resolving the outstanding issues.
Replying to a question, Dipu Moni said the waters of the common rivers will be shared on the basis of equity and fairness and the demarcation of 6.5 km border and transfer of enclaves and lands in 'adverse possession' will be made under "a package" deal, in the spirit of 1974 Mujib-Indira Land Boundary Agreement.
About the use of Chittagong and Mongla ports, she said it would be done under a framework of agreement, encompassing India, Nepal and Bhutan.
"It is a part of transit issue. We're trying to come up with a framework under which a number of protocols will be signed and that work is going on," Dipu Moni said.
She said the Joint River Commission has nearly finalised the issue about the sharing of the Teesta and Feni river waters and "we will be able to sign something during the visit."
About the killing of Bangladeshi civilians by Indian BSF at the border, Dipu Moni said Dhaka's concern was conveyed to her Indian counterpart during the official meeting and India reassured Bangladesh that the killing at the border would be brought down to a zero level through a joint border management.
Both the Foreign Ministers reiterated that no insurgent, extremist or terrorist group would be allowed to use the soil of their respective countries to carry out activities inimical to each other's interest.
On the border issue, both the Foreign Ministers said the Joint Border Working Group has been working on it and they will be able to conclude their work before Manmohan's visit.
In reply to a question about cooperation in the energy sector, Indian Foreign Minister Mr. S. M. Krishna said India will supply 250 MW of electricity to Bangladesh by the end of 2112 or early 2013 at a preferential tariff at which the Indian power sector giant, NTPC supplies electricity to other Indian states.
Both India and Bangladesh will set up a 1300 MW coal-based power plant in Bagerhat and the feasibility study on the plan has been completed, he noted.
Regarding bilateral trade, Mr. Krishna said Bangladesh's export to India has increased by 56 per cent in the first 10 months of fiscal 2010-11 and "we would very much like to see further growth of the export to India by Bangladesh."
Under the duty-free quota, India, he added, has increased the volume of Bangladesh's export of readymade garment (RMG) products to 10 million pieces from 8.0 million pieces.
Asked if the Indian government still holds Manmohan's recent remarks that 25 per cent population of Bangladesh are Jamaat-e-Islami and they are, many times, in the clutches of Pakistan's Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI), Krishna said the matter was also discussed during his meeting with Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
He avoided a direct reply to the question and said it is Manmohan's consistent stand to consider Bangladesh as a close friend and the relations between Bangladesh and India are a role model for other countries in the region.
Asked if Manmohan made the remarks due to lack of any trust on Bangladesh, Krishna said there is 'no trust deficit' between Bangladesh and India. "India has total trust and confidence on Bangladesh", he strongly reiterated.
Replying to another question, the Indian External Affairs Minister said he is going back to New Delhi with a memory of the emergence of a resurgent Bangladesh.
BSS further adds: Bangladesh and India Thursday signed two agreements on investment protection and promotion and the operating procedure for the movement of the Bhutanese vehicles to Bangladesh through the Indian territory.
Visiting Indian external affairs minister SM Krishna and his Bangladesh counterpart Dipu Moni witnessed the signing of the deals before the media at the Sonargaon Hotel.
The Agreement on Promotion and Protection of Investments is aimed at creating favourable conditions for fostering and encouraging investment.
Officials familiar with the process said the deal envisaged that 'national treatment' and 'the most favoured nation treatment' would be accorded by either country to investments by investors of the other country.
They said the agreement also states that investments of either country will not be nationalised or expropriated except for public purpose, in accordance with law and against fair and equitable compensation.
It also provides for repatriation of capital investment, non-operating profits, loan repayments, royalty payments and service fees without delay and on a non-discriminatory basis.
The two countries signed the Agreement on Promotion and Protection of Investments on February 9, 2009 while it was ratified Thursday as Indian High Commissioner in Dhaka Mr. Rajeet Mitter and Bangladesh's envoy to New Delhi Ahmed Mr. Tariq Karim signed the protocol.
The deal which would be effective from July 7, 2011 will be valid for ten years and thereafter it would be deemed to have been automatically extended unless either government gives a written notice to the other of its intention to terminate it.
The second agreement, titled Standard Operating Procedure for movement of the Bhutanese vehicles between Indian Land Customs Stations (LCS) and Bangladesh LCS, was signed Thursday, in line with a decision reached between Dhaka and New Delhi during Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's visit to India in January 2010.
The two sides at that time agreed that trucks for movement from Bhutan and Nepal would be allowed to enter 200 meters inside the Bangladesh border under arrangements to be mutually agreed upon, and put in place in both the countries.
The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), aimed at facilitating movement of trucks from Nepal, was concluded in October 2010 during the visit of the Bangladesh commerce minister to New Delhi.
An identical SOP to facilitate movement of trucks from Bhutan that was signed on July 7, 2011, will promote bilateral trade between Bhutan and Bangladesh.
Members of Bangladesh National Board of Revenue (NBR) Mr. M Shah Alam Khan and Joint Secretary of the Indian External Affairs Ministry Mr. Harshabardhan Sinla signed the deal on behalf of their respective side.
Reuters adds: India will sell 500 megawatts of electricity to Bangladesh and half of it will be available by the end of 2012 or early 2013, Indian Foreign Minister S.M. Krishna said in Dhaka on Thursday.
He told reporters at a news conference that India also agreed to install a coal-based thermal power plant with 1,300 megawatts (MW) of electricity in Bangladesh's southern Khulna area.
"The connectivity work between the two countries for Bangladesh importing the electricity is going on smoothly while the feasibility study for setting up the coal-based power plant has just been completed," Krishna said.
The Indian minister, who arrived Dhaka on Wednesday on a three-day visit, met Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and other senior ministers including the finance minister.
He will also meet President Zillur Rahman and opposition leader Begum Khaleda Zia .
Bangladesh aims to nearly triple power generation to 15,357 megawatts (MW) by the end of 2015 as it scrambles to improve living conditions for its people and to become a middle income country by 2021, Bangladesh Foreign Minister Dipu Moni told at the same news conference.
The plan includes import of 1,000 MW of power from India, Nepal and Bhutan.
Besides, the south Asian country expects to generate 2,000 MW of electricity from a nuclear power plant, construction of which will begin next year.
"The details of the thermal power plant project fired by coal are under process and things are moving fast," Mohammad Mijarul Quaes Bangladesh's foreign secretary, told the news agency.
The Fainancial Express 08/07/2011
The snow line dipped south of the Poconos unexpectedly and we got between three and four inches.
It's early in the year for us.
We won't be posting for a few days, Happy Thanksgiving!
They flapped but dared not fly. Not just yet.
Impersonating church steeples, three young great blue herons appeared close to taking their inaugural flights. Canada Day, Roberts Bay, Sidney BC.
Remove sidewalk and construct asphalt multi-use path on west side of road from Highway 7 to Commerce Valley Drive (west side), to St. Robert CHS (east side), to John Street (west side), and along John Street (north side) to German Mills Settlers Park. Construction is expected to be completed in 2018.
He put his glasses on expecting the supernova-like flash of the camera. I didn't happen to mention that I wasn't using the flash this time.