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Execution on the Old Town Square 21. 6. 1621
23-06-2001 | Olaf Barth, Katrin Bock
Olaf Barth and Katrin Bock now take a look at the events that took place on the Old Town Square 380 years ago.
Execution on the Old Town Square 21. 6. 1621
If you have ever been to Prague, you may have noticed the 27 crosses which have been embedded into the pavement at the foot of the Old Town Town Hall. Perhaps you have wondered about their origin. Well, in the following minutes you will learn more about the context of these crosses. First of all, listen to the Czech writer Alois Jirasek portraying the events at the end of the 19th century in one of his stories:
"In the night of 20 to 21 June 1621, fear and grief prevailed everywhere in Prague, and the roads had become like deserted, for on Prague restrictions had been imposed. Only the clash of the weapons and the heavy steps of foreign soldiers broke through the oppressive silence. On the Old Town Square there was a lot of activity, and boards and beams were unloaded from wagons and carried to the middle of the place, where a scaffold grew by the flickering light of numerous torches. By daybreak a gallows covered with red cloth was towering. At sunrise fulminated a cannon cracker showing that the execution had to begin. On the scaffold dark hooded people were visible, the assistents of the executioner and the gravedigger. Finally, the executioner, Jan Mydláø, also appeared. Immediately the imperial judges took their seats, and the names of the twenty-seven death-condemned noblemen were exclaimed. While foreign soldiers were drumming in the streets of Prague, in the houses people of Prague prayed for their faithful, the 27 men who were either beheaded or hanged at the same time. It is reported that once a year, always in the night from the 20th to the 21st of June, the noblemen and citizens appear on the Old Town Square. Silently they walk over the square to the church, where, kneeling before the altar, they receive the Last Supper in both forms. And as silently as they have come they disappear again."
The Hradschin 1618, in the year of the window-lintel (contemporary engraving)
So far the Czech writer Alois Jirasek about the events of that night 380 years ago, when the leaders of the insurrection of the Estates against the Catholic Habsburgs were judged. 27 nobles, gentlemen and citizens, Czechs and Germans, Protestants and a Catholic then left their lives. They were punished for having joined an uprising against the legal Habsburg emperor which had a religious background, for the Emperor had previously tried to restrict the freedom of religion which had been in force in the Bohemian lands since the middle of the fifteenth century. The revolt had begun on May 23, 1618, with the famous Prague defenestration, and ended with the battle Battle of White Mountain in November 1620, for the Czechs still today a national trauma. In that battle before the gates of Prague the army of the Catholic Habsburgs the Protestant Estates had utterly vanquished. What followed was a relentless persecution of all insurgents, regardless of their social position or nationality. Emperor Ferdinand II used his military victory to strengthen his position in the rebellious Bohemian lands, to suppress the Protestant faith and to break the power of the Estates once and for all.
Procession on the White Mountains (Josef Berka and A. Gustav, around 1800)
All persons who had somehow participated in the uprising of the Estates were punished. The worst punishment experienced three lords, seven knights and 17 citizens, who were executed in the early morning hours of June 21, 1621 on the Old Town Square. The execution took place conforming to the etiquette: first came the lords, then the knights, and finally the citizens. It is said the bloodthirsty torture to have lasted for four hours, while the executioner Jan Mydlar in the proces was to have beaten blunt four swords.
Joachim Andreas Graf Schlick was the first to be beheaded, whose family had grown rich thanks to the silver mines in the west Bohemian Jáchymov valley. Count Schlick had worked for many years at the Saxon court as an educator of the future ruler Johann Georg. During the Bohemian uprising of the Estates, Schlick had been quite active. Among other things, he was one of the participants of the famous 1618 defenestration. Next came Vaclav Budova from Budovec. Since the beginning of the 17th century, he had been strongly committed to the observance of the freedom of belief in the Bohemian lands and had been one of the spokesmen of the insurgents. As the third nobleman, Krystof Harant of Polzice and Bezdruzice lost his head. He had been court musician and companion of Rudolf at the court of Emperor Rudolf II. He was not very interested in politics, but he had been one of the military leaders of the insurgents, which now cost him his head. All three of them, without any doubt, belonged to the intellectual elite of the country, all three of them had been to many places, were well-educated, spoke several languages, and were Protestants.
Among the 7 knights was also the Catholic Divis Cernin of Chudenice. This one had made the fatal mistake of opening the gates of the castle to the representatives of the Estates on the 23rd of May, 1618, who then threw the three representatives of the Habsburg power out of a window in protest against the restriction of the rights of the Protestants.
Jan Jesensky
Jan Jessenius, the rector of the Charles University of Prague, was one of those who got the severest judgement. He was not only beheaded, his tongue had been cut off before, additionally he was also quartered after the execution. Emperor Ferdinand had expressed himself personally for this harsh judgment. The internationally respected scholar, who had carried out the first public autopsy in Prague in 1600, had aroused the wrath of the ruler as he had himself pronounced against the election of Ferdinand for the King of Bohemia as well as published a series of harsh writings against the Habsburgs.
The heads of twelve executed were hanged in iron baskets for deterrence and warning at the Old Town Bridge Tower. From there they were removed only 10 years later, when the Saxons 1631 occupied Prague for a short time.
Ferdinand II.
Emperor Ferdinand II took advantage of the victory over the rebellious Protestant estates, which had dethroned him, the legitimate heir, and elected another one, the "Winter King", Frederick of the Palatinate. 166 nobles Ferdinand had completely dispossessed, another 500 lost a large part of their estates. On the other hand, his faithful were rewarded. Those were given great lands in the Bohemian lands. In addition, monasteries were returned lands that they had lost during the Hussite wars in the 15th century.
The greatest winners were probably Albrecht von Waldstein, Karl von Liechtenstein, and Johann Ulrich von Eggenberg, who were now able to call great domains their own. But also other noble families then settled in the Bohemian lands, like the Trauttmansdorff, Thun, Metternich and Clary families.
Even ordinary citizens and peasants were affected: those who did not convert to the Catholic faith had to leave the country. In 1624 the Catholic faith became the only one recognized in the Bohemian lands - more and more subjects saw themselves forced to emigrate. Some 150,000 people are said to have left the Bohemian lands for religious reasons in the years after the defeat of the Protestant Estates. The probably most famous emigrant of that time is Jan Amos Komensky - Comenius. The pedagogue and bishop of the Unity of the Brotherhood settled down after a few journeys in Holland, where he died in 1670 at the age of 78.
Even in the eyes of most of today's Czechs, the "time of darkness" began with the defeat of the Protestant estates in the Battle of Weissenberg. As such, the almost 300 years of the unrestricted rule of the Habsburgs over the Bohemian countries were designated, which ended only with the independence of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The formerly proud kingdom of Bohemia had been degrated to a Habsburg province according to the new regional order of 1627, and had lost most of its rights, including the freedom of faith for which its inhabitants had fought since the death for heresy of Jan Hus in 1415. Today, not only the 27 crosses embedded on the Old Town Square, but also all the magnificent Baroque buildings in the country, are reminiscent of this historic epoch. With these the Catholic Habsburgs showed their Bohemian and Moravian subjects who is the boss in the country.
And so we are already at the end of our trip into the 17th century.
Hinrichtung auf dem Altstädter Ring 21. 6. 1621
23-06-2001 | Olaf Barth, Katrin Bock
Olaf Barth und Katrin Bock werfen heute einen Blick auf die Geschehnisse, die sich vor 380 Jahren auf dem Altstädter Ring ereigneten.
Hinrichtung auf dem Altstädter Ring 21. 6. 1621
Wer von Ihnen schon mal in Prag war, dem sind sie vielleicht aufgefallen, die 27 in das Pflaster eingelassenen Kreuze zu Füssen des Altstädter Rathausturmes. Vielleicht haben Sie sich über deren Ursprung gewundert. Nun in den folgenden Minuten erfahren Sie mehr über die Bewandtnis dieser Kreuze. Hören Sie zunächst einmal, wie der tschechische Schriftsteller Alois Jirasek die entsprechenden Ereignisse Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in einer seiner Geschichten schilderte:
"In der Nacht vom 20. auf den 21. Juni 1621 herrschte überall in Prag Angst und Trauer. Die Strassen waren wie ausgestorben, denn über Prag war Ausgangsverbot verhängt worden. Nur das Klirren der Waffen und schwere Schritte fremder Soldaten durchbrachen die bedrückende Stille. Auf dem Altstädter Ring herrschte reger Betrieb. Bretter und Balken wurden von Wagen abgeladen und zur Platzmitte getragen, wo beim flackernden Licht zahlreicher Fackeln ein Gerüst wuchs. Als es zu dämmern begann, ragte da ein mit rotem Stoff überzogener Galgen empor. Beim Sonnenaufgang donnerte von der Prager Burg ein Kanonenschlag. Ein Zeichen dafür, dass die Exekution beginne. Auf dem Galgengerüst waren dunkle vermummte Gestalten zu sehen - die Henkershelfer und der Totengräber. Schliesslich erschien auch der Henker Jan Mydláø. Alsbald nahmen die kaiserlichen Richter ihre Sitze ein, und die Namen der 27 zum Tode verurteilten Standesherren wurden ausgerufen. Während in den Strassen Prags fremde Soldaten trommelten, beteten in den Häusern die Prager für ihre Getreuen, die 27 Herren, die zur selben Zeit geköpft oder gehängt wurden. Es wird berichtet, dass die hingerichteten Adeligen und Bürger einmal im Jahr, immer in der Nacht vom 20. auf den 21. Juni, auf dem Altstädter Ring erscheinen. Schweigend gehen sie über den Platz zur Kirche, wo sie, vor dem Altar knieend, das Abendmahl in beiderlei Gestalt empfangen. Und so lautlos wie sie gekommen verschwinden sie wieder."
Der Hradschin 1618, im Jahre des Fenstersturzes (Zeitgenössiger Stich)
Soweit der tschechische Schriftsteller Alois Jirasek über die Ereignisse jener Nacht vor 380 Jahren, als die Anführer des Ständeaufstandes gegen die katholischen Habsburger gerichtet wurden. 27 Adelige, Herren und Bürger, Tschechen und Deutsche, Protestanten und ein Katholik liessen damals ihr Leben. Bestraft wurden sie dafür, dass sie sich einem Aufstand gegen den rechtmässigen Habsburger Kaiser angeschlossen hatten, der einen religiösen Hintergrund hatte, denn der Kaiser hatte zuvor versucht, die seit Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts in den Böhmischen Ländern geltende Religionsfreiheit einzuschränken. Der Aufstand hatte am 23. Mai 1618 mit dem berühmten Prager Fenstersturz begonnen und mit der für Tschechen noch heute ein nationales Trauma darstellenden Schlacht am Weissen Berg im November 1620 geendet. In jener Schlacht vor den Toren Prags hatte das Heer der katholischen Habsburger die protestantischen Stände vernichtend geschlagen. Was folgte war eine unbarmherzige Verfolgung aller Aufständischen, ungeachtet ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung oder Nationalität. Kaiser Ferdinand II. nutzte seinen militärischen Sieg, um seine Stellung in den aufständischen Böhmischen Ländern zu stärken, den protestantischen Glauben zurückzudrängen und die Macht der Stände ein für alle mal zu brechen.
Prozession am Weißen Berge (Josef Berka und A. Gustav, um 1800)
Alle Personen, die irgendwie an dem Ständeaufstand beteiligt gewesen waren, wurden bestraft. Am schlimmsten traf es dabei drei Herren, sieben Ritter und 17 Bürger, die in den frühen Morgenstunden des 21. Junis 1621 auf dem Altstädter Ring hingerichtet wurden. Bei der Hinrichtung wurde die Etike gewahrt: zuerst waren die Herren dran, dann die Ritter und schliesslich die Bürger. Vier Stunden lang soll die blutige Tortur gedauert haben, vier Schwerter soll der Henker Jan Mydlar dabei stumpf geschlagen haben.
Als erster wurde Joachim Andreas Graf Schlick geköpft, dessen Familie dank der Silberminen im westböhmischen Joachimsthal reich geworden war. Graf Schlick hatte jahrelang am sächsischen Hof als Erzieher des zukünftigen Herrschers Johann Georg gewirkt. Während des böhmischen Ständeaufstands war Schlick recht aktiv gewesen, unter anderem gehörte er zu den Teilnehmern des berühmten Fenstersturzes von 1618. Als nächstes kam Vaclav Budova von Budovec an die Reihe. Dieser hatte sich seit dem Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts stark für die Einhaltung der Glaubensfreiheit in den Böhmischen Ländern eingesetzt und war einer der Wortführer der Aufständischen gewesen. Als dritter hochgestellter Adeliger verlor Krystof Harant von Polzice und Bezdruzice seinen Kopf. Dieser war am Hofe Kaiser Rudolfs II. Hofmusikant und Gesellschafter Rudolfs gewesen. Für Politik interessierte er sich nicht sehr, doch war er einer der Heerführer der Aufständischen gewesen, das kostete ihn nun seinen Kopf. Alle drei Herren gehörten ohne Zweifel zur geistigen Elite des Landes, alle drei waren weitgereist, hervorragend gebildet, sprachen mehrere Sprachen - und waren Protestanten.
Unter den 7 Rittern war auch der Katholik Divis Cernin von Chudenice. Dieser hatte den verhängnisvollen Fehler gemacht, am 23. Mai 1618 den Repräsentanten der Stände die Burgtore geöffnet zu haben, die dann die drei Vertreter der Habsburger Macht aus Protest gegen die Einschränkung der Rechte der Protestanten aus einem Fenster warfen.
Jan Jesensky
Eines der härtesten Urteile traf Jan Jessenius, den Rektor der Prager Karlsuniversität, der als 16. an die Reihe kam: er wurde nicht nur geköpft, zuvor wurde ihm die Zunge abgeschnitten, ausserdem wurde er nach der Hinrichtung noch geviertelt. Für dieses harte Urteil hatte sich Kaiser Ferdinand persönlich ausgesprochen. Der international angesehene Gelehrte, der 1600 in Prag die erste öffentliche Obduktion durchgeführt hatte, hatte den Zorn des Herrschers erregt, da er sich auf verschiedenen Landtagen gegen die Wahl Ferdinands zum böhmischen König ausgesprochen sowie eine Reihe von scharfen Schriften gegen die Habsburger veröffentlicht hatte.
Die Köpfe von zwölf Hingerichteten wurden in Eisenkörben zur Abschreckung und Warnung an den Altstädter Brückenturm gehängt. Von dort wurden sie erst 10 Jahre später entfernt, als die Sachsen 1631 Prag für kurze Zeit besetzten.
Ferdinand II.
Kaiser Ferdinand II. nutzte seinen Sieg über die aufständischen protestantischen Stände, die ihn, den rechtmässigen Erben, entthront hatten und einen anderen, den "Winterkönig" Friedrich von der Pfalz, gewählt hatten. 166 Adelige liess Ferdinand vollkommen enteignen, weitere 500 verloren einen Grossteil ihrer Güter. Belohnt wurden dagegen seine Getreuen. Diese erhielten grosse Ländereien in den Böhmischen Ländern. Ausserdem bekamen Klöster Ländereien zurück, die sie zur Zeit der Hussitenkriege im 15. Jahrhundert verloren hatten.
Die grössten Gewinner waren wohl Albrecht von Waldstein, Karl von Liechtenstein sowie Johann Ulrich von Eggenberg, die nun grosse Herrschaften ihr Eigen nennen konnten. Aber auch andere Adelsdfamilien setzten damals in den Böhmischen Ländern ihren Fuss, wie die Familien Trauttmansdorff, Thun, Metternich und Clary.
Auch einfache Bürger und Bauern waren betroffen: wer nicht zum katholischen Glauben übertrat, musste das Land verlassen. 1624 wurde der katholische Glaube der einzig anerkannte in den Böhmischen Ländern - immer mehr Untertanen sahen sich gezwungen, zu emigrieren. Rund 150.000 Menschen sollen in den Jahren nach der Niederlage der protestantischen Stände die Böhmischen Länder aus religiösen Gründen verlassen haben. Der wohl bekannteste Emigrant jener Zeit ist Jan Amos Komensky - Comenius. Der Pädagoge und Bischof der Brüderunität liess sich nach einigen Reisen in Holland nieder, wo er 1670 im Alter von 78 Jahren verstarb.
Auch in den Augen der meisten heutigen Tschechen begann damals mit der Niederlage der protestantischen Stände in der Schlacht am Weissen Berg die "Zeit der Finsternis". Als solche werden die knapp 300 Jahre der uneingeschränkten Herrschaft der Habsburger über die Böhmischen Länder bezeichnet, die erst mit der Unabhängigkeit der Tschechoslowakei 1918 endeten. Das einstmals stolze Königreich Böhmen war nach der neuen Landesordnung von 1627 zu einer Habsburger Provinz degradiert worden und hatte die meisten seiner Rechte verloren - auch das der Glaubensfreiheit, für das seine Bewohner seit dem Ketzertod des Jan Hus 1415 gekämpft hatten. Heute erinnern an diese Geschichtsepoche nicht nur die 27 in das Strassenpflaster eingelassenen Kreuze auf dem Altstädter Ring, sondern auch all die prächtigen Barockbauten im Lande. Mit diesen zeigten die katholischen Habsburger ihren böhmischen und mährischen Untertanen, wer der Herr im Lande ist.
Und damit sind wir bereits am Ende unseres Ausfluges in das 17. Jahrhundert.
www.radio.cz/de/rubrik/geschichte/hinrichtung-auf-dem-alt...
Early morning, look at how long the lamp post shadows are.
Illustration from the book:
The Philippines and Filipinos; a treatise on the history,
The civics, and the mathematical, physical and political
Geography of the Philippine Archipelago (1914)
Author: Coursey, Oscar William
Publisher: Mitchell S D Educator Supply Co.
ift.tt/1q0e9P3 #Nazi General Anton Dostler is tied to a stake before his execution by a firing squad, Italy, 1945 [680x558] via /r/#HistoryPorn #history #retro # ift.tt/22u6DNR via Histolines
Spanish dime novel depicting the execution method known as "blowing from a gun." Los Cinco Invencibles (The Five Invincibles) No. 6, circa 1931 from El Gato Negro (Barcelona), La Victima de un Traidor (The Traitor's Victim), anonymous but credited to Antonio Oller Bertran. The cover is by Masgoumiery Daniel Pena (signed Niel), who before going mainstream drew cartoons for Spanish anarchist publications.
"If this is all the power you have, you will never overcome a Gold Saint.
I should had finished this duel a long time ago..
Take this, Aquarius' deadliest technique! AURORA EXECUTION!"
Since this anime was very popular in Italy during '90, maybe only TomAraya or RonovetheEarl will guess who said this quote :)
ONSLAUGHT: Oh no, Autobot, I am not through with you, yet. Megatron will want some information, before you die.
HOUND: I have no intentions of dying, today, Onslaught. Do I, Skylynx?
ONSLAUGHT: Do you think me such a fool, to fall for that? I would have believed you smarter than that.
SKYLYNX: While my friend is nowhere near as smart as I, I do believe he is right on two things. He will not die, today. And I am the Autobot who will be sure of that.
Execution back in the good old days. Info sign next to the execution rock at Prästmalmen in Jordbro.
Rudolf Stingel conceived this exhibition especially for Palazzo Grassi. Given the utmost freedom of execution, Stingel has completely transformed the museum, filling the entire space with an oriental carpet. Moving beyond the idea of two-dimensionality that is conventionally associated with painting, the exhibition aims to subvert the usual spatial relationship between a painting and viewer.
The carpet evokes the thousand-year history of Venice, the ‘Most Serene Republic’, but also recalls the Middle-European culture so loved by the artist; for example, we are reminded of Sigmund Freud’s early twentieth-century Viennese study. This reference undoubtedly provides a key to interpreting this installation: on entering the ‘labyrinth’, an all-encompassing feeling and sensorial experience transport us towards the transcendence of the Ego, by means of its removal and its ghosts. The nearly thirty paintings exhibited suggest presences that are ‘buried’ in memory, and removed experiences that thrive again. The architectural space becomes an introspective and projective space, silent and welcoming, suitable for meditation: but Stingel’s work alters our visual and spatial perception of it, suggesting a new, rarified and suspenseful atmosphere in which the silver, white and black of the paintings stands out like so many other ‘openings’ on Venice, in an another dimension.
From the Palazzo Grassi website
And so beauty was killed, and from her body all the colors of the heavens were released, filling every particle in the world with her essence. Thus, through her death, she had become eternal.
+1 IN COMMENTS
This shot was.....interesting. Let's just say it's made up of 6 different images, and they're probably not the images you're thinking of.
Oh yeah, View On Black
Late at night on the 31 of July 1853 the 26-year-old farmworker Anders Gustav Pettersson brutally murders his very cruel employer Hugo Fredrik Jaedren at the gates to the Näringsberg estate together with a compatriot. Jaedren was on his way home from a weekly visit to Stockholm when he was attacked and killed by the two men. They were arrested the following day. The trial took place at Tingshuset in Västerhaninge, and two years later Anders Gustav Pettersson became the last person to be executed here. He was beheaded. The rock stands next to the bike path that I use on a daily basis. Day 26 in my project 100 Days Of Darkness.
We came to Helgen, where they let us out. With horror I realized that we had arrived at a place of execution. The general wanted to have us all beheaded.
The other prisoners were Stormcloaks, who had fought against the Empire and were now sentenced to death.
And there was a thief who was shot when he tried to escape.
The first Stormcloak man was led to the executioner and beheaded. I felt sick.
Then it was my turn. They pulled me to the block and let me kneel down.
When I thought my end had come, a dragon appeared and spat fire. Soldiers. Stormcloaks and civilians ran screaming away.
Wolf and Fox Hunt
ca. 161521
Peter Paul Rubens and Workshop (Flemish, 15771640)
Oil on canvas; 96 5/8 x 148 1/8 in. (245.4 x 376.2 cm)
Between about 1615 and 1621, Rubens produced a series of monumental hunting scenes. A painting entitled Wolf and Fox Hunt was sold by him to English diplomat Sir Dudley Carleton in 1617, and another seems to have been purchased by the duke of Aershot. From a comparatively early time, the present painting was in Spain, whence it was removed in 1814 by Joseph Bonaparte; it later passed to the collection of Lord Ashburton. A number of copies of it are known. A drawing by Rubens for part of the composition is at Chatsworth. Like many large paintings of its kind produced in Rubens's workshop, it was executed by a number of different hands. Scholars disagree as to the extent of Rubens's personal participation, some ascribing to him the animals in the foreground and the three heads of huntsmen in the center, and some denying him any share in the execution of the work. The landscape was added after the horses and animals were complete, and has been given conjecturally to Jan Wildens.
John Stewart Kennedy Fund, 1910 (10.73)
**
The Metropolitan Museum of Art's permanent collection contains more than two million works of art from around the world. It opened its doors on February 20, 1872, housed in a building located at 681 Fifth Avenue in New York City. Under their guidance of John Taylor Johnston and George Palmer Putnam, the Met's holdings, initially consisting of a Roman stone sarcophagus and 174 mostly European paintings, quickly outgrew the available space. In 1873, occasioned by the Met's purchase of the Cesnola Collection of Cypriot antiquities, the museum decamped from Fifth Avenue and took up residence at the Douglas Mansion on West 14th Street. However, these new accommodations were temporary; after negotiations with the city of New York, the Met acquired land on the east side of Central Park, where it built its permanent home, a red-brick Gothic Revival stone "mausoleum" designed by American architects Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mold. As of 2006, the Met measures almost a quarter mile long and occupies more than two million square feet, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building.
In 2007, the Metropolitan Museum of Art was ranked #17 on the AIA 150 America's Favorite Architecture list.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1967. The interior was designated in 1977.
National Historic Register #86003556
Description: Scene depicting the execution of the Earl of Strafford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on Tower Hill, 12 May 1641 for the act of treason.
With the Tower of London in the background, crowds of people surround the scaffold to watch the beheading. Letters indicating who is who can be found in both German and English. Those named include the Sheriffs of London, Earl of Strafford, his friends and kindred, as well as Doctor Usher, the Lord Primate of Ireland.
Date of Execution: c1641
Artist: Hollar, Wenceslaus (1607-1677)
Medium: engraving
Collection: print
Collage No: SC/PR/ S3/TOW/hil/p7489085
Discover more on our online catalogue.
Having no description of what this place does on the outside, I can only take it literally and assume it's where trendy Shoreditch folk go to have people killed.
please click and see it in large.
do not use this photo without my approval. copyright by sylvie lorenz.
Title: Juan Vela [condemned murderer]
Creator: Unknown
Date: 1866
Part Of: Lawrence T. Jones III Texas photography collection
Description: Juan Vela was one of three Cortinistas condemned for murder during Juan Cortina's 1859 raid in Brownsville, Texas. This portrait of Vela was taken shortly before his execution on June 22, 1866. Because of the poor light in the prison where he was photographed, the image was heavily retouched to show his hair and beard. The photographer was likely to be Louis de Planque or R. H. Wallis.
Physical Description: 1 photographic print on carte de visite mount; 10 x 6 cm.
Form/Genre: Cartes de visite; Photographs; Portrait photographs
File: federal_army-1-08c.tif
Rights: Please cite DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University when using this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained for a fee. For details see the sites.smu.edu/cul/degolyer/research/permissions/ web page. For other information, contact degolyer@smu.edu.
For more information, see: digitalcollections.smu.edu/u?/jtx,266
View Lawrence T. Jones III Texas Photographs at: digitalcollections.smu.edu/all/cul/jtx/
(further pictures or information you can get by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Danube Park
Danube Park with Danube Tower
Map of the Danube Park
The Danube Park is a park of 800,000 m² in area in the 22nd District of Vienna Danube city (Donaustadt).
Location
The Danube Park is conveniently located between the Wagramerstraße, the settlement Bruckhaufen, the Arbeitertrandbadstraße and the Hubertusdamm. Immediately adjacent to the originally extending to the Wagramerstraße Danube Park are the UN headquarters with the Vienna International Centre and the Austria Center Vienna, more to the south of which the Danube City and to it the Copa Copana with the Danube island to the New Danube terminating. In the north the Danube Park with the beach resorts along the Alte Donau (the old one) finds its borders.
History
Irislake
Butterfly meadow, in the background the "UNO City"
Between 1871 and 1945 existed here the firing range Kagran for target practices of the military. During the Nazi period it was also used for numerous executions. It occupied a large area of today's Danube Park. In the north, near the Chinese restaurant, there is a plaque to the victims, which on 5 November 1984 was unveiled. Every year around 27 October a memorial service takes place.
By 1960, large parts of the territory of present-day Danube Park were used as landfill. To use the area after refurbishment as a recreational area was an obvious choice, since it is only 4 km air- line distance away from the city center and close to the main traffic artery to the Reichsbrücke. The City of Vienna decided in conjunction with an International Garden Show the establishment of the park. With the overall planning the former city garden director Ing. Alfred Auer was commissioned.
On 16 April 1964 the Danube Park together with the Danube Tower at the occasion of the Vienna International Garden Show (WIG 64) was opened. The Danube Park Hall was built, too. A now defunct chairlift served then to transport visitors to the exhibition. In addition, a floating stage was created and there was a own cinema. The area also was referred to as TIG grounds and later old TIG (in contrast to the WIG 74 in the park Oberlaa). Today, only few remains of the elaborate park furniture of the 1960s among the trees can bee seen.
1983 celebrated Pope John Paul II on the occasion of the Catholic Congress on a close to the Danube Tower located part, later called Papstwiese (Pope meadow), with a size of approximately 20 hectares, of the Danube Park a Holy Mass, which was attended by around 300,000 believers. For this purpose, the so-called Papal cross was erected, which remained as a temporary arrangement and in 2011 was renovated
1993 the by an old stock of silver poplars lined Irislake was renatured. During the construction of the Danube City thereby also the much needed further renovation of the areas of former landfill has been made.
Infrastructure
Train of the Donauparkbahn
The Danube Park is easily accessible by public transport, by bicycle and by car. With the U1 line of the stations Alte Donau or Kaisermuehlen/VIC or with the bus routes 20B, 90A, 91A and 92A. The Danube Park is well connected to the Vienna's cycle paths. Over the Reichsbrücke (bridge) and the Brigittenauer Brücke the park can also be reached by car. Directly at the Danube tower there is a small parking area, there are larger parking spaces along the Arbeiterstrandbadstraße, the largest being at the junction with the Danube Tower Road (Donauturmstraße).
The range of recreational activities in the park is diverse. There are playgrounds, skate parks and public tennis courts. With the Danube Park Railway, a miniature railway with 381 mm track gauge, you can take a 3.3-mile round trip through the park. On the stage Danube Park in the summer months concerts are offered with free admission, organized by the cultural association Danube city.
Sights
View to Danube Tower
Danube Tower
Memorial plaque to the victims of Nazi military justice 1938-1945
Monuments to Salvador Allende, José Martí, José de San Martín, Simón Bolívar, Che Guevara, José Gervasio Artigas and to the composer Üzeyir Hacıbəyov
Several sculptures
Memorial stone for Paracelsus
Papal cross
Danube parking orbit
Leherb Mosaic
Korean Cultural Centre
China Sichuan Restaurant with Chinese Garden
Salvador Allende
José Martí
José de San Martín
Simón Bolívar
Che Guevara
Üzeyir Hacıbəyov
Mosaic "In the Café" by Leherb
The papal cross
An abstract sculpture
Sculptural group "The Golden Calf" by Karl Anton Wolf
Korean Cultural Centre at Irislake