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On Feb. 23, 2016, the Environmental Film Festival traveled to Totness, Coronie. U.S. Ambassador Ned Nolan welcomed students from Tata Colin School to the festival. It was the first time the film festival has gone to Coronie, and Ambassador Nolan's first visit to the district, as well. We all enjoyed it, despite the rain!
Restoring the Ecosystem of Lake Prespa is the latest project to support the sustainable development of this vulnerable region. It is implemented by UNDP in partnership with the Municipality of Resen, with funding provided by the Swiss Development Cooperation. It is expected that this project will bring many benefits in the next six years for the local people and environment. And by reducing the pressures on the ecosystem, it will significantly improve the health and resilience of the lake.
View a bigger version of this infographic on Visual.ly.
'ABYCTO' is an installation designed and fabricated at FIU that results from the collaboration between students and faculty members in architecture and music.
A week of activities organized around World Environment Day is helping to draw attention to the environment in carbon heavy Uzbekistan.
Find out more about ”green growth" in Uzbekistan
Photo courtesy of UNDP in Uzbekistan
Poor infrastructure and the lack of an operational budget is a severe constraint on the Ministry of Environment’s ability to regulate natural resource management.
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Bureau de service environnemental, RDC
Les infrastructures misérables et l'absence de budget opérationnel empêchent le Ministère de l'environnement de réguler et de gérer l'exploitation des ressources naturelles.
© UNEP
For further information go tohttp://www.unep.org/disastersandconflicts/
Bush track at the edge of Lawry Plunkett Reserve. On the right is a giant Strelitzia, an exotic species. These edges, between bush and urban areas, require constant monitoring and maintenance.
Species from clams to the vaquita porpoise have been greatly depleted since damming and diversions cut the flow of the river through the 20th century. More at dotDolphinFind
Information is Quoted from the HER for H building
Historic Environment Record for H BUILDING, Malvern, UK
The building, having military purposes and designated locally as H building, sits on a former Government Research site in Malvern, Worcestershire at Grid Ref SO 786 447. This site was the home of the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) from 1946. It has been owned by QinetiQ since 2001 and is in the process (October 2017 to February 2018) of being sold for redevelopment.
This unique building has at its heart a ‘Rotor’ bunker with attached buildings to house radar screens and operators as well as plant such as emergency generators. Twenty nine Rotor operational underground bunkers were built in great urgency around Britain to modernise the national air defence network, following the Soviet nuclear test in 1949. Two factors make H building’s construction and purpose unique; this prototype is the only Rotor bunker built above ground and it was the home to National Air Defence government research for 30 years.This example of a ROTOR bunker is unique instead of being buried, it was built above ground to save time and expense, as it was not required to be below ground for its research purpose.
H Building was the prototype version of the Rotor project R4 Sector Operations Centre air defence bunkers. Construction began in August 1952 with great urgency - work went on 24 hours a day under arc lights. The main bunker is constructed from cross bonded engineering bricks to
form walls more than 2 feet thick in a rectangle approximately 65ft x 50ft. The two internal floors are suspended from the ceiling. The original surrounding buildings comprise, two radar control and operator rooms, offices and machine plant.
The building was generally in good order and complete. The internal layout of the bunker remains as originally designed. The internal surfaces and services have been maintained and modernised over the 55 years since its construction. The first floor has been closed over.
There are some later external building additions around the periphery to provide additional accommodation.
In parts of the building the suspended floor remains, with 1950s vintage fittings beneath such as patch panels and ventilation ducts.
The building has been empty since the Defence Science & Technology Laboratories [Dstl] moved out in October 2008
As lead for radar research, RRE was responsible for the design of both the replacement radars for the Chain Home radars and the command and control systems for UK National Air Defence.
Project Rotor was based around the Type 80 radar and Type 13 height finder. The first prototype type 80 was built at Malvern in 1953 code named Green Garlic. Live radar feeds against aircraft sorties, were fed into the building to carry out trials of new methods plotting and reporting air activity
A major upgrade of the UK radar network was planned in the late 1950s – Project ‘Linesman’ (military) / ‘Mediator’ (civil) – based around Type 84 / 85 primary radars and the HF200 height finder. A prototype type 85 radar (Blue Yeoman) was built adjacent to H Building in 1959. live radar returns were piped into H Building.
Subsequently a scheme to combine the military and civil radar networks was proposed. The building supported the research for the fully computerised air defence scheme known as Linesman, developed in the 1960s, and a more integrated and flexible system (United Kingdom Air Defence Ground Environment or UKADGE) in the 1970s.
The building was then used for various research purposes until the government relinquished the main site to QinetiQ in 2001. Government scientists continued to use the building until 2008. Throughout its life access was strictly controlled by a dedicated pass sytem.
Notable civil spin-offs from the research in this building include the invention of touch screens and the whole UK Civil Air Traffic Control system which set the standard for Europe.
Chronology
1952 - Construction work is begun. The layout of the bunker area duplicates the underground version built at RAF Bawburgh.
1953 - Construction work is largely completed.
1954 - The building is equipped and ready for experiments.
1956-1958 - Addition of 2nd storey to offices
1957-1960 - Experiments of automatic tracking, novel plot projection systems and data management and communications systems tested.
1960-1970 - Project Linesman mediator experiments carried out including a novel display technique known as a Touch screen ( A World First)
TOUCHSCREEN
A team led by Eric Johnson in H building at Malvern. RRE Tech Note 721 states: This device, the Touch Sensitive Electronic Data Display, or more shortly the ‘Touch Display’, appears to have the potential to provide a very efficient coupling between man and machine. (E A Johnson 1966). See also patent GB 1172222.
Information From Hugh Williams/mraths
1980-1990 - During this period experiments are moved to another building and H building is underused.
1990-1993 - The building was re-purposed
2008- The bunker was used until late 2008 for classified research / Joint intelligence centre
Information sourced from MRATHS
Environment Canada's water quality laboratory is located at the entrance to the Université de Moncton, The four flags are those of Canada, New Brunswick, Acadie, and the university.
Quick-Look Hill-shaded Colour Relief Image of 2014 25cm LIDAR Composite Digital Surface Model (DSM).
Data supplied by Environment Agency under the Open Government License agreement. For details please go to: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/v...
For full raster dataset go to: environment.data.gov.uk/ds/survey
Kevin Graff and Pete Webb of the Baltimore Bird Club participate in the National Audubon Society's 117th annual Christmas Bird Count in Baltimore County, Md., on Dec. 31, 2016. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
USAGE REQUEST INFORMATION
The Chesapeake Bay Program's photographic archive is available for media and non-commercial use at no charge. To request permission, send an email briefly describing the proposed use to requests@chesapeakebay.net. Please do not attach jpegs. Instead, reference the corresponding Flickr URL of the image.
A photo credit mentioning the Chesapeake Bay Program is mandatory. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way or used in any way that suggests approval or endorsement of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Requestors should also respect the publicity rights of individuals photographed, and seek their consent if necessary.
The Chenango River flows past downtown Binghamton, N.Y., on Oct. 8, 2020. Large storms in 2006 and 2011 led to many property owners in the city to participate in a buyout program to improve the city's resilience to flooding. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
USAGE REQUEST INFORMATION
The Chesapeake Bay Program's photographic archive is available for media and non-commercial use at no charge. To request permission, send an email briefly describing the proposed use to requests@chesapeakebay.net. Please do not attach jpegs. Instead, reference the corresponding Flickr URL of the image.
A photo credit mentioning the Chesapeake Bay Program is mandatory. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way or used in any way that suggests approval or endorsement of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Requestors should also respect the publicity rights of individuals photographed, and seek their consent if necessary.
The T. Tyler Potterfield Memorial Bridge spans the James River in downtown Richmond, Va., on Aug. 13, 2019. Like many cities on the eastern seaboard, Richmond was established along the fall line, the area of geological transition between coastal plain and Piedmont, where rivers often have a steeper gradient and become too rocky for large vessels. Cities like Richmond became the terminus for ships carrying goods as far as they could upstream. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
USAGE REQUEST INFORMATION
The Chesapeake Bay Program's photographic archive is available for media and non-commercial use at no charge.
To request permission, send an email briefly describing the proposed use to requests@chesapeakebay.net. Please do not attach jpegs. Instead, reference the corresponding Flickr URL of the image.
A photo credit mentioning the Chesapeake Bay Program is mandatory. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way or used in any way that suggests approval or endorsement of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Requestors should also respect the publicity rights of individuals photographed, and seek their consent if necessary.
Bradford Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of St Peter, is an Anglican cathedral in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, one of three co-equal cathedrals in the Diocese of Leeds alongside Ripon and Wakefield. Its site has been used for Christian worship since the 7th century, when missionaries based in Dewsbury evangelised the area. For many centuries it was the parish church of St Peter and achieved cathedral status in 1919. The cathedral is a Grade I listed building.
Background
The first church on the site was believed to have been built in Anglo-Saxon times and fell into ruin after the Norman Conquest in 1066. A second church was built around 1200. The first mention of the parish of Bradford as distinct from being part of the parish of Dewsbury appears in the register of the Archbishop of York in 1281. Alice de Lacy, widow of Edmund de Lacy, one of the descendants of Ilbert de Lacy, gave a grant to the parish of Bradford that is recorded in the register of the Archbishop Wickwayne. Around 1327, Scottish raiders burnt down most of this stone church.
During the 14th century the church was rebuilt and some of the older masonry may have been used in the reconstruction of the nave. The construction of the third church was completed in 1458. The tower in the Perpendicular style was added to the west end and finished in 1508. A clerestory was added by the end of the 15th century. Proprietary chapels were founded, on the north side of the chancel by the Leventhorpe family, and on the south by the owners of Bolling Hall. In 1854 Robert Mawer carved a new reredos in Caen stone for the church. There is a photograph of it in the church archive. This reredos was lost during the 1950s rebuild by Edward Maufe.
Originally in the Diocese of York, the church was in the Diocese of Ripon before becoming a cathedral in 1919, when the Diocese of Bradford was created; it became one of three co-equal cathedrals of the new Diocese of Leeds upon its creation on 20 April 2014.
The building was extended in the 1950s and 1960s by Edward Maufe. The east end of the cathedral is Maufe's work, as well as the two west wings which contain the Song Room and Cathedral offices. In his east end extension he reused the Morris & Co. stained glass from the old east window. There is Victorian stained glass throughout the building including at the west end, where there is a window showing women of the Bible, and stained glass in the First World War memorial window dating from 1921. The many wall monuments include a sculpture by John Flaxman.
In 1987 the nave and west end were re-ordered to accommodate a growing number of visitors. The roof panelling was cleaned and restored, and new lighting was installed. To enable flexibility of use, the Victorian pews were replaced by chairs. The nave organ was removed to give more light and space at the west end, and a Bradford Computer Organ was installed, complementing the pipe organ in the choir with loudspeakers in the nave, though this is no longer in use.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the cathedral authorities decided to develop a museum of religion in St Peter's House (built in the 19th century as Bradford's main post office). The visitor numbers were much lower than expected, and the project collapsed, leaving the cathedral in debt, from which it was discharged in 2007. St Peter's House is now owned by a South Asian arts group, Kala Sangam.
The cathedral is set in a small conservation area which includes the close to its north. The close provides modern housing for the dean and canons residentiary, the bishop's official residence, Bishopcroft, being in Heaton, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) from the city centre.
The cathedral and its predecessors were built on the shelf of alluvial land that had formed on the outside of the bend where Bradford Beck turns north, but the town grew up on the lower ground on the other side of the beck, so the church was always just outside the centre of town. In the 19th and 20th centuries the cathedral was partly hidden from the centre by buildings, first by the post office just below it, and subsequently by the 1960s developments of Forster Square and Petergate. The latter areas were demolished in 2006, leaving the cathedral more visible than for many years prior to the completion of the Broadway Centre in 2015.
Dean and chapter
As of 21 May 2023:
Dean – Andy Bowerman (since 19 June 2022)
Canon for Intercultural Mission and the Arts – Ned Lunn (since 31 January 2023)
Minor Canon for Worship and Nurture – Pete Gunstone (since 21 May 2023)
Music
Bradford Cathedral has long been a place of music. During term-time, Choral Services are sung as follows: Sunday 10.30 am Choral Eucharist (rotates girls/adults, boys/adults or Cathedral Consort); Sunday 3:30 pm Choral Evensong (adults choir); Monday 5:30 pm Choral Evensong (girls choir); Tuesday 5:30 pm Choral Evensong (boys choir)
The boys and girls of the Choir sing as separate top lines and are drawn from as many as 20 local schools at any time. New entrants spend a couple of terms as a probationer, receiving basic training in singing and musicianship, before progressing to full membership. Full choristers have the opportunity to take up individual, free-of-charge tuition in singing, musicianship, theory or piano on a 1:1 basis each week. The lay clerks of the Choir are highly skilled volunteers, most of whom make their living outside of music. In September 2015 residential choral scholarships were introduced. The Cathedral Consort, a high standard chamber choir consisting of adult sopranos and lay clerks, completes the Choral Foundation.
In addition to the schedule above, the Choir also performs other concerts and services within and outside the diocese. Although foreign tours have been undertaken, the most recent being to Barcelona in 2010 and Bavaria in 2008, touring more recently has been within the UK, with the girls and boys each undertaking a residential tour annually, with or without the choir adults. Tours have been undertaken in recent years to Bristol, Worcester, Edinburgh and Durham.
The girls and men are involved with the annual Yorkshire Cathedrals' Girls' Choirs' Festival and hosted the Festal Evensong in March 2015. The boy choristers had not been involved with the Yorkshire Three Choirs Festival since 1981, but with the recent renaissance of an independent boys' top-line at the cathedral they, along with the lay clerks, were re-included in this annual festival from October 2015. Bradford Cathedral hosted the festival in October 2016.
In July 2012, the Choir recorded two services for the BBC Radio 2 Sunday Half Hour programme, which were broadcast in Autumn 2012, and the girls and men sang live for BBC Radio 4 Sunday Worship in December 2012. The Choir recorded a CD of Evening Canticles, including Humphrey Clucas's 'Bradford Service' in November 2013, and February 2014 saw the Choir recording two programmes of BBC Songs of Praise, airing on 2 March 2014 and Palm Sunday, 13 April 2014. Since 2015, the Choir has performed annually with the European Union Chamber Orchestra, singing Vivaldi's Gloria, Haydn's Little Organ Mass, and Schubert's Mass No. 2 in G major.
A specification of the William Hill pipe organ (1904), with later modifications by Hill, Norman & Beard (1961) and J. W. Walker (1977), can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. A series of organ recitals takes place on many Wednesday lunchtimes throughout the year at 1.00 pm, attracting many well-known players. An Organ Appeal was launched in February 2013, aiming to raise £250,000 over several years, in order to secure the continued reliability of the instrument, as well as making possible several tonal adjustments. A. J. Carter of Wakefield and Andrew Cooper are working in conjunction to carry out this work on a phased basis over the coming years. The first phase, entailing the substantial upgrading of the console, was carried out in October 2014. The second phase, to clean, revoice and extend the Chancel (Positive) Division, was completed in the first half of 2018.
Organists and Directors of Music
John Simpson c. 1820 – 1860
Absalom Rawnsley Swaine c. 1861 – 1893
Henry Coates 1893–1939
Charles Hooper 1939–1963
Keith Vernon Rhodes 1963–1981
Geoffrey John Weaver 1982–1986
Alan Graham Horsey 1986–2002
Andrew Teague 2003–2011
Alexander Woodrow 2012–2016
Alexander Berry 2017–present
Sub Organists and Assistant Directors of Music
Martin D. Baker 1982–2004 (Asst. Organist)
Jonathan Kingston 1997–2000 (Sub Organist)
Paul Bowen 2004–2011 — Paul Bowen held the office of Cathedral Organist from late 2011 to late 2014
David Condry 2009–2012
Jonathan Eyre 2012–2016
Jon Payne 2016–2018
Ed Jones 2018–2019
Graham Thorpe 2019–present
Monuments of interest
Memorial to Abraham Balme main promoter of the Bradford Canal, sculpted by John Flaxman RA.
Monument to Abraham Sharp (d.1742) by Peter Scheemakers
Monument to Robert Lowry Turner and George Whyte Watson
The Bradford City Football Ground Fire Disaster Memorial
The Battle of the Steeple / Market Charter plaque
Memorial to Joseph Priestley
Bradford is a city in West Yorkshire, England. It became a municipal borough in 1847, received a city charter in 1897 and, since the 1974 reform, the city status has belonged to the larger City of Bradford metropolitan borough. It had a population of 349,561 at the 2011 census; the second-largest subdivision of the West Yorkshire Built-up Area after Leeds, which is approximately 9 miles (14 km) to the east. The borough had a population of 546,976, making it the 9th most populous district in England.
Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the city grew in the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world"; this in turn gave rise to the nicknames "Woolopolis" and "Wool City". Lying in the eastern foothills of the Pennines, the area's access to supplies of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of a manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment. There is a large amount of listed Victorian architecture in the city including the grand Italianate city hall.
From the mid-20th century, deindustrialisation caused the city's textile sector and industrial base to decline and, since then, it has faced similar economic and social challenges to the rest of post-industrial Northern England, including poverty, unemployment and social unrest. It is the third-largest economy within the Yorkshire and the Humber region at around £10 billion, which is mostly provided by financial and manufacturing industries. It is also a tourist destination, the first UNESCO City of Film and it has the National Science and Media Museum, a city park, the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall. The city is the UK City of Culture for 2025 having won the designation on 31 May 2022.
History
The name Bradford is derived from the Old English brad and ford the broad ford which referred to a crossing of the Bradford Beck at Church Bank below the site of Bradford Cathedral, around which a settlement grew in Anglo-Saxon times. It was recorded as "Bradeford" in 1086.
Early history
After an uprising in 1070, during William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North, the manor of Bradford was laid waste, and is described as such in the Domesday Book of 1086. It then became part of the Honour of Pontefract given to Ilbert de Lacy for service to the Conqueror, in whose family the manor remained until 1311. There is evidence of a castle in the time of the Lacys. The manor then passed to the Earl of Lincoln, John of Gaunt, The Crown and, ultimately, private ownership in 1620.
By the middle ages Bradford, had become a small town centred on Kirkgate, Westgate and Ivegate. In 1316 there is mention of a fulling mill, a soke mill where all the manor corn was milled and a market. During the Wars of the Roses the inhabitants sided with House of Lancaster. Edward IV granted the right to hold two annual fairs and from this time the town began to prosper. In the reign of Henry VIII Bradford exceeded Leeds as a manufacturing centre. Bradford grew slowly over the next two-hundred years as the woollen trade gained in prominence.
During the Civil War the town was garrisoned for the Parliamentarians and in 1642 was unsuccessfully attacked by Royalist forces from Leeds. Sir Thomas Fairfax took the command of the garrison and marched to meet the Duke of Newcastle but was defeated. The Parliamentarians retreated to Bradford and the Royalists set up headquarters at Bolling Hall from where the town was besieged leading to its surrender. The Civil War caused a decline in industry but after the accession of William III and Mary II in 1689 prosperity began to return. The launch of manufacturing in the early 18th century marked the start of the town's development while new canal and turnpike road links encouraged trade.
Industrial Revolution
In 1801, Bradford was a rural market town of 6,393 people, where wool spinning and cloth weaving were carried out in local cottages and farms. Bradford was thus not much bigger than nearby Keighley (5,745) and was significantly smaller than Halifax (8,866) and Huddersfield (7,268). This small town acted as a hub for three nearby townships – Manningham, Bowling and Great and Little Horton, which were separated from the town by countryside.
Blast furnaces were established in about 1788 by Hird, Dawson Hardy at Low Moor and iron was worked by the Bowling Iron Company until about 1900. Yorkshire iron was used for shackles, hooks and piston rods for locomotives, colliery cages and other mining appliances where toughness was required. The Low Moor Company also made pig iron and the company employed 1,500 men in 1929. when the municipal borough of Bradford was created in 1847 there were 46 coal mines within its boundaries. Coal output continued to expand, reaching a peak in 1868 when Bradford contributed a quarter of all the coal and iron produced in Yorkshire.
The population of the township in 1841 was 34,560.
In 1825 the wool-combers union called a strike that lasted five-months but workers were forced to return to work through hardship leading to the introduction of machine-combing. This Industrial Revolution led to rapid growth, with wool imported in vast quantities for the manufacture of worsted cloth in which Bradford specialised, and the town soon became known as the wool capital of the world.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Bradford Moor Barracks in 1844.
Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and a county borough in 1888, making it administratively independent of the West Riding County Council. It was honoured with city status on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897, with Kingston upon Hull and Nottingham. The three had been the largest county boroughs outside the London area without city status. The borough's boundaries were extended to absorb Clayton in 1930, and parts of Rawdon, Shipley, Wharfedale and Yeadon urban districts in 1937.
Bradford had ample supplies of locally mined coal to provide the power that the industry needed. Local sandstone was an excellent resource for building the mills, and with a population of 182,000 by 1850, the town grew rapidly as workers were attracted by jobs in the textile mills. A desperate shortage of water in Bradford Dale was a serious limitation on industrial expansion and improvement in urban sanitary conditions. In 1854 Bradford Corporation bought the Bradford Water Company and embarked on a huge engineering programme to bring supplies of soft water from Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale. By 1882 water supply had radically improved. Meanwhile, urban expansion took place along the routes out of the city towards the Hortons and Bowling and the townships had become part of a continuous urban area by the late 19th century.
A major employer was Titus Salt who in 1833 took over the running of his father's woollen business specialising in fabrics combining alpaca, mohair, cotton and silk. By 1850 he had five mills. However, because of the polluted environment and squalid conditions for his workers Salt left Bradford and transferred his business to Salts Mill in Saltaire in 1850, where in 1853 he began to build the workers' village which has become a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Henry Ripley was a younger contemporary of Titus Salt. He was managing partner of Edward Ripley & Son Ltd, which owned the Bowling Dye Works. In 1880 the dye works employed over 1000 people and was said to be the biggest dye works in Europe. Like Salt he was a councillor, JP and Bradford MP who was deeply concerned to improve working class housing conditions. He built the industrial Model village of Ripley Ville on a site in Broomfields, East Bowling close to the dye works.
Other major employers were Samuel Lister and his brother who were worsted spinners and manufacturers at Lister's Mill (Manningham Mills). Lister epitomised Victorian enterprise but it has been suggested that his capitalist attitude made trade unions necessary. Unprecedented growth created problems with over 200 factory chimneys continually churning out black, sulphurous smoke, Bradford gained the reputation of being the most polluted town in England. There were frequent outbreaks of cholera and typhoid, and only 30% of children born to textile workers reached the age of fifteen. This extreme level of infant and youth mortality contributed to a life expectancy for Bradford residents of just over eighteen years, which was one of the lowest in the country.
Like many major cities Bradford has been a destination for immigrants. In the 1840s Bradford's population was significantly increased by migrants from Ireland, particularly rural County Mayo and County Sligo, and by 1851 about 10% of the population were born in Ireland, the largest proportion in Yorkshire. Around the middle decades of the 19th century the Irish were concentrated in eight densely settled areas situated near the town centre. One of these was the Bedford Street area of Broomfields, which in 1861 contained 1,162 persons of Irish birth—19% of all Irish born persons in the Borough.
During the 1820s and 1830s, there was immigration from Germany. Many were Jewish merchants and they became active in the life of the town. The Jewish community mostly living in the Manningham area of the town, numbered about 100 families but was influential in the development of Bradford as a major exporter of woollen goods from their textile export houses predominately based in Little Germany and the civic life of Bradford. Charles Semon (1814–1877) was a textile merchant and philanthropist who developed a productive textile export house in the town, he became the first foreign and Jewish mayor of Bradford in 1864. Jacob Behrens (1806–1889) was the first foreign textile merchant to export woollen goods from the town, his company developed into an international multimillion-pound business. Behrens was a philanthropist, he also helped to establish the Bradford chamber of commerce in 1851. Jacob Moser (1839–1922) was a textile merchant who was a partner in the firm Edelstein, Moser and Co, which developed into a successful Bradford textile export house. Moser was a philanthropist, he founded the Bradford Charity Organisation Society and the City Guild of Help. In 1910 Moser became the first Jewish Lord Mayor of Bradford.
Jowett Cars Eight badge
To support the textile mills, a large manufacturing base grew up in the town providing textile machinery, and this led to diversification with different industries thriving side by side. The Jowett Motor Company founded in the early 20th century by Benjamin and William Jowett and Arthur V Lamb, manufactured cars and vans in Bradford for 50 years. The Scott Motorcycle Company was a well known producer of motorcycles and light engines for industry. Founded by Alfred Angas Scott in 1908 as the Scott Engineering Company in Bradford, Scott motorcycles were produced until 1978.
Independent Labour Party
The city played an important part in the early history of the Labour Party. A mural on the back of the Bradford Playhouse in Little Germany commemorates the centenary of the founding of the Independent Labour Party in Bradford in 1893.
Regimental colours
The Bradford Pals were three First World War Pals battalions of Kitchener's Army raised in the city. When the three battalions were taken over by the British Army they were officially named the 16th (1st Bradford), 18th (2nd Bradford), and 20th (Reserve) Battalions, The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment).
On the morning of 1 July 1916, the 16th and 18th Battalions left their trenches in Northern France to advance across no man's land. It was the first hour of the first day of the Battle of the Somme. Of the estimated 1,394 men from Bradford and District in the two battalions, 1,060 were either killed or injured during the ill-fated attack on the village of Serre-lès-Puisieux.
Other Bradford Battalions of The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment) involved in the Battle of the Somme were the 1st/6th Battalion (the former Bradford Rifle Volunteers), part of the Territorial Force, based at Belle Vue Barracks in Manningham, and the 10th Battalion (another Kitchener battalion). The 1/6th Battalion first saw action in 1915 at the Battle of Aubers Ridge before moving north to the Yser Canal near Ypres. On the first day of the Somme they took heavy casualties while trying to support the 36th (Ulster) Division. The 10th Battalion was involved in the attack on Fricourt, where it suffered the highest casualty rate of any battalion on the Somme on 1 July and perhaps the highest battalion casualty list for a single day during the entire war. Nearly 60% of the battalion's casualties were deaths.
The 1/2nd and 2/2nd West Riding Brigades, Royal Field Artillery (TF), had their headquarters at Valley Parade in Manningham, with batteries at Bradford, Halifax and Heckmondwike. The 1/2nd Brigade crossed to France with the 1/6th Battalion West Yorks in April 1915. These Territorial Force units were to remain close to each other throughout the war, serving in the 49th (West Riding) Division. They were joined in 1917 by the 2/6th Battalion, West Yorks, and 2/2nd West Riding Brigade, RFA, serving in the 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division.
Recent history
Bradford's Telegraph and Argus newspaper was involved in spearheading the news of the 1936 Abdication Crisis, after the Bishop of Bradford publicly expressed doubts about Edward VIII's religious beliefs (see: Telegraph & Argus#1936 Abdication Crisis).
After the Second World War migrants came from Poland and Ukraine and since the 1950s from Bangladesh, India and particularly Pakistan.
The textile industry has been in decline throughout the latter part of the 20th century. A culture of innovation had been fundamental to Bradford's dominance, with new textile technologies being invented in the city; a prime example being the work of Samuel Lister. This innovation culture continues today throughout Bradford's economy, from automotive (Kahn Design) to electronics (Pace Micro Technology). Wm Morrison Supermarkets was founded by William Morrison in 1899, initially as an egg and butter merchant in Rawson Market, operating under the name of Wm Morrison (Provisions) Limited.
The grandest of the mills no longer used for textile production is Lister Mills, the chimney of which can be seen from most places in Bradford. It has become a beacon of regeneration after a £100 million conversion to apartment blocks by property developer Urban Splash.
In 1989, copies of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses were burnt in the city, and a section of the Muslim community led a campaign against the book. In July 2001, ethnic tensions led to rioting, and a report described Bradford as fragmented and a city of segregated ethnic communities.
The Yorkshire Building Society opened its new headquarters in the city in 1992.
In 2006 Wm Morrison Supermarkets opened its new headquarters in the city, the firm employs more than 5,000 people in Bradford.
In June 2009 Bradford became the world's first UNESCO City of Film and became part of the Creative Cities Network since then. The city has a long history of producing both films and the technology that produces moving film which includes the invention of the Cieroscope, which took place in Manningham in 1896.
In 2010 Provident Financial opened its new headquarters in the city. The company has been based in the city since 1880.
In 2012 the British Wool Marketing Board opened its new headquarters in the city. Also in 2012 Bradford City Park opened, the park which cost £24.5 million to construct is a public space in the city centre which features numerous fountains and a mirror pool surrounded by benches and a walk way.
In 2015 The Broadway opened, the shopping and leisure complex in the centre of Bradford cost £260 million to build and is owned by Meyer Bergman.
In 2022, Bradford was named the UK City of Culture 2025, beating Southampton, Wrexham and Durham. The UK City of Culture bid, as of 2023, was expected to majorly stimulate the local economy and culture as well as attracting tourism to the city. By 2025, the UK City of Culture bid is expected to support potential economic growth of £389 million to the city of Bradford as well as to the surrounding local areas, creating over 7,000 jobs, attracting a significant amount of tourists to the city and providing thousands of performance opportunities for local artists.
Amsterdam, 14 april 2016 / Amsterdam, April 14th 2016.
Ministers van Milieu arriveren in het Europa gebouw in Amsterdam met staatssecretaris Sharon Dijksma
Ministers of Environment arrive at the Europe building in Amsterdam with Dutch minister Sharon Dijksma. Foto: Rijksoverheid/Valerie Kuypers – Photograph: Dutch Government/Valerie Kuypers
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designated Masonville Cove in Baltimore as the nation’s first Urban Wildlife Refuge Partnership on September 26. With 80 percent of Americans living in cities, Maryland Environmental Service’s new Urban Wildlife Refuge Initiative will forge connections between the National Wildlife Refuge System, natural resource conservation and people living in metropolitan areas.
See the "The Abatwa (Pygmies): Challenges for a New Rwanda" video
The second in a series by one of our Pepper producers, Patricia Boiko. The first program examined the genocide in Rwanda, and how people heal from a horror like that.This piece looks at the Abatwa people, better known in the US as the Pygmies. The Abatwa, who are the indigenous people of the region, have suffered unspeakably and unnoticed by all except themselves. Traditional hunters, they were kicked off their ancestral lands when that area was made into an animal preserve. The unintended consequence of an environmental victory was great destruction to Abatwa culture, and the loss of many lives. Later, during the period of the Rwandan genocide, they lost 30% of their population. Nobody noticed because the Abatwa were not important to anybody but themselves. The Abatwa are an example of the phenomenon feared by Subcomandante Marcos and the indigenous communities of the Chiapas region of Mexico, that of being so marginalized as a people that you just don't matter any more.http
://caurwa.orghttp://hdirwanda.orghttp://healthleadershipinternational.orgNever Again Rwanda This short, also by Patricia Boiko, captures a little presentation in a community trying to heal from and prevent future genocide.http://neveragainrwanda.orghttp://winningpicturesllc.orgPublic Access producers, community screeners, and IMCs (Independent Media Centers) are encouraged to screen or air "Indymedia Presents". To obtain the show on a regular basis, please contact us, Pepperspray Productions, at pepperspray@riseup.net."Indymedia Presents" is a 28 minute weekly cable public access program produced on behalf of the Seattle Independent Media Center (IMC) by PepperSpray Productions. In addition to SCAN Channel 77 in Seattle, "Indymedia Presents" also airs on channels in greater King County (Channel 23), Bainbridge Island (Channel 12), Port Townsend, WA (Channel 97 & 98), Olympia, WA (Channel 22), Vancouver, WA (Channel 11), Portland, OR (Channel 22 and a few others), Tucson, AZ
(Channel 73), St Paul, MN (Channel 15), Minneapolis, MN (Channel 17), Fort Wayne, IN (Channel 57), Philadelphia, PA (Channels 54 & 62), Brooklyn, NY (BCAT Channels 34, & 67) and on New York City's Manhattan Neighborhood Network, (Channel 34).Related Free Speech Websites:Independent Media Centerhttp://www.indymedia.org/en/index.shtmlIndymedia NewsRealhttp://www.newsreal.indymedia.orgFree Speech TV:http://www.freespeech.orgLink TVhttp://www.linktv.orgDemocracy Now!http://www.democracynow.orgThis video was originally shared on blip.tv by Pepperspray Productions with a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license.
Rappahannock Oyster Company in Topping, Va., on May 9, 2016. The company has turned to aquaculture in recent years to yield a more sustainable harvest. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
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A photo credit mentioning the Chesapeake Bay Program is mandatory. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way or used in any way that suggests approval or endorsement of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Requestors should also respect the publicity rights of individuals photographed, and seek their consent if necessary.
Standing Stone Creek flows through Alan Seeger Natural Area in Huntingdon County, Pa., on Oct. 7, 2020. An invasive insect, the hemlock woolly adelgid, has attacked eastern hemlock trees in the area, which holds a rare stand of old-growth trees. The hemlock woolly adelgid causes an infested tree to drop its needles, and stressed trees can eventually die from heat and drought. Active management in Pennsylvania includes chemical treatment and biocontrols—essentially predatory beetles that eat the invasive insect. Keeping a forest healthy—by safeguarding its soils, water quality and biodiversity—plays a huge part in keeping trees resilient to the invaders. (Photo by Will Parson/Cheapeake Bay Program)
USAGE REQUEST INFORMATION
The Chesapeake Bay Program's photographic archive is available for media and non-commercial use at no charge. To request permission, send an email briefly describing the proposed use to requests@chesapeakebay.net. Please do not attach jpegs. Instead, reference the corresponding Flickr URL of the image.
A photo credit mentioning the Chesapeake Bay Program is mandatory. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way or used in any way that suggests approval or endorsement of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Requestors should also respect the publicity rights of individuals photographed, and seek their consent if necessary.
World Environment Day (5 June) is being observed in Afghanistan by a series of events organized by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in partnership with the country’s National Environment Protection Agency (NEPA). Shown here is a 'protecting the environment' painting competition for students in Bamyan province. Mohammad Reza, who won first prize, painted images of men cutting trees and floods destroying their homes. “I want to tell people not to cut trees and keep their environment clean,” said the seventh-grade student. Other activities being organized in Bamyan this week include trekking in the Koh-e Baba mountains and a climate change awareness training for community elders. In the capital, Kabul, UNEP is distributing environmental books at Kabul University.
Photo: Jaffar Rahim / UNAMA
Throughout the 20th century, global water use has increased in the agricultural, domestic and industrial sectors. Evaporation from reservoirs has increased at a slower rate. Projections indicate that both global water use and evaporation will continue to increase.
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Philippe Rekacewicz, February 2006
PHOTO BY BENEDICT CUPID
Professor John Agard, Professor of Tropical Island Ecology and Head of the UWI Department of Life Sciences,at Dr Agard's Professorial Inaugural Lecture, held on Thursday 25th February at 5.30 p.m. at the Learning Resource Centre, UWI St. Augustine.
Dr. John B. R. Agard has served internationally as Lead Author in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007, which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Professor Agard’s lecture, which is titled “Environment in Development: From Plantation Economy, Biodiversity Loss and Global Warming, Towards Sustainable Development,” argued that the Plantation Economy Model of Caribbean economic structures and characteristics can be further elaborated by the inclusion of the environment as a provider of ecosystem services.
For full news release, click sta.uwi.edu/news/releases/release.asp?id=473
"A Tree Grows In Queens!" The May 17, 2015 Forest Hills Tree Giveaway Event in MacDonald Park was a huge success, where 205 trees found new homes, thanks to the harmony among tree adopters and volunteers from the Four Borough Neighborhood Preservation Alliance, New York Restoration Project, Rego-Forest Preservation Council, & our sponsors. We donated American Elms, Fringe Trees, Red Buckeyes, Dawn Redwoods, and Yellowwoods, with a goal of beautifying our communities and contributing to a sustainable environment. With much gratitude towards donating our 1,250+ trees since 2011. This is our 7th Forest Hills Tree Giveaway Event. Let's continue to plant roots for our next generation!
www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.635088539969491.1073741...
"Sampling sanitary sewers for sulfide compounds believed to have been responsible for sending 45 children and 2 teachers to the hospital at a local high school in St. Croix. Build-up of reduced sulfur gases such as hydrogen sulfide can occur in poorly designed and poorly maintained sewer systems like the ones that plague the U.S. Virgin Islands. Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas that not only smells bad (rotten eggs) but can, at elevated concentrations, cause adverse health effects from skin and eye irritation to death. I often am tasked with investigating toxic chemical releases in the hopes of preventing future occurrences that can adversely impact public health and/or the environment. - Photo by David Rosoff
The British Embassy organised a discussion panel entitled “Economy in a Changing World” with the participation of Chevening alumni. The main speakers were Hugh Elliott, Director of International Agreements at the FCO, and Professor Tim Jackson, from the University of Surrey, who studies the links between lifestyle, societal values, the environment, and economic growth.
Carrer de l'Eulari, Pal poble, La Massana, Vall nord, Andorra, Pyrenees
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Historic Environment Record for H BUILDING, Malvern, UK
The building, having military purposes and designated locally as H building, sits on a former Government Research site in Malvern, Worcestershire at Grid Ref SO 786 447. This site was the home of the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) from 1946. It has been owned by QinetiQ since 2001 and is in the process (October 2017 to February 2018) of being sold for redevelopment.
This unique building has at its heart a ‘Rotor’ bunker with attached buildings to house radar screens and operators as well as plant such as emergency generators. Twenty nine Rotor operational underground bunkers were built in great urgency around Britain to modernise the national air defence network, following the Soviet nuclear test in 1949. Two factors make H building’s construction and purpose unique; this prototype is the only Rotor bunker built above ground and it was the home to National Air Defence government research for 30 years.This example of a ROTOR bunker is unique instead of being buried, it was built above ground to save time and expense, as it was not required to be below ground for its research purpose.
H Building was the prototype version of the Rotor project R4 Sector Operations Centre air defence bunkers. Construction began in August 1952 with great urgency - work went on 24 hours a day under arc lights. The main bunker is constructed from cross bonded engineering bricks to
form walls more than 2 feet thick in a rectangle approximately 65ft x 50ft. The two internal floors are suspended from the ceiling. The original surrounding buildings comprise, two radar control and operator rooms, offices and machine plant.
The building was in generally good order and complete. The internal layout of the bunker remains as originally designed. The internal surfaces and services have been maintained and modernised over the 55 years since its construction (Figure 3). The first floor has been closed over.
There are some later external building additions around the periphery to provide additional accommodation.
In parts of the building the suspended floor remains, with 1950s vintage fittings beneath such as patch panels and ventilation ducts.
The building has been empty since the Defence Science & Technology Laboratories [Dstl] moved out in October 2008
As lead for radar research, RRE was responsible for the design of both the replacement radars for the Chain Home radars and the command and control systems for UK National Air Defence.
Project Rotor was based around the Type 80 radar and Type 13 height finder. The first prototype type 80 was built at Malvern in 1953 code named Green Garlic. Live radar feeds against aircraft sorties, were fed into the building to carry out trials of new methods plotting and reporting air activity
A major upgrade of the UK radar network was planned in the late 1950s – Project ‘Linesman’ (military) / ‘Mediator’ (civil) – based around Type 84 / 85 primary radars and the HF200 height finder. A prototype type 85 radar (Blue Yeoman) was built adjacent to H Building in 1959. live radar returns were piped into H Building.
Subsequently a scheme to combine the military and civil radar networks was proposed. The building supported the research for the fully computerised air defence scheme known as Linesman, developed in the 1960s, and a more integrated and flexible system (United Kingdom Air Defence Ground Environment or UKADGE) in the 1970s.
The building was then used for various research purposes until the government relinquished the main site to QinetiQ in 2001. Government scientists continued to use the building until 2008. Throughout its life access was strictly controlled by a dedicated pass sytem.
Notable civil spin-offs from the research in this building include the invention of touch screens and the whole UK Civil Air Traffic Control system which set the standard for Europe.
Chronology
1952 - Construction work is begun. The layout of the bunker area duplicates the underground version built at RAF Bawburgh.
1953 - Construction work is largely completed.
1954 - The building is equipped and ready for experiments.
1956-1958 - Addition of 2nd storey to offices
1957-1960 - Experiments of automatic tracking, novel plot projection systems and data management and communications systems tested.
1960-1970 - Project Linesman mediator experiments carried out including a novel display technique known as a Touch screen ( A World First)
TOUCHSCREEN
A team led by Eric Johnson in H building at Malvern. RRE Tech Note 721 states: This device, the Touch Sensitive Electronic Data Display, or more shortly the ‘Touch Display’, appears to have the potential to provide a very efficient coupling between man and machine. (E A Johnson 1966). See also patent GB 1172222.
Information From Hugh Williams/mraths
1980-1990 - During this period experiments are moved to another building and H building is underused.
1990-1993 - The building was re-purposed and the bunker (room H57) had the first floor closed over to add extra floor area.
2008- The bunker was used until late 2008 for classified research / Joint intelligence centre
2019 - Visual Recording of the buildings interior by MRATHS. Be means of a LIDAR scan and photographs being taken. The exterior was mapped with a drone to allow a 3D Image of the building to be created via Photogrammetry. This was created in Autodesk Photo Recap.
2020 - Building demolished as part of the redevelopment of the site.
Information sourced from MRATHS
Last weekend, I rode my electric bike down Tennessee Valley Road, all the way to the lovely Tennessee Beach, overlooking the Pacific Ocean, just a few miles from the Golden Gate Bridge.
On a sunny April afternoon, the valley was lush and green, blooming with colorful lupine, checker-bloom, blue-eyed grass, California buttercup, and California poppy. Other hikers and bikers gathered and played at the beach, and most tried to stay at a safe distance from each other, due to the Coronavirus.
I now go biking every day on my trusty Benno Boost ebike, to clear my head and stay healthy during the pandemic. We are incredibly lucky to have so many beautiful trails right in our own backyard. And I am grateful that our health crisis is nudging us all to exercise more and live more sustainably.
See more photos of my Ebike trips:
www.flickr.com/photos/fabola/sets/72157712256158586
Learn about Tennessee Valley:
www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/tennessee_valley.htm
Learn how to get your own Ebike: