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Back row: Anna Myers, Brad Walrod, Bill Siever, Marty Lubin
Front row: Ashley Winseck, Amy Fredsall, Mary Bagg, Karen Christensen, Tom Christensen
Notice anything about the books?
The Encyclopaedia Britannica - 9th edition - 1876-1889.
The 9th edition was a new, completely revised edition, enlarged to 24 volumes - sometimes called the ‘scholars’ edition’, with articles from over 2000 eminent contributors.
Published by Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh , for the Times Publications of London. 24 volumes red half leather, gilt spines and marbled endpapers and edges. About 20,000 pages 28cm x 22cm.
The paper editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica are to finally cease in 2012, to be completely replaced by the electronic and online version.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oregon Coast
The Oregon Coast is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon. It runs generally north-south along the Pacific Ocean, forming the western border of the state; the region is bounded to the east by the Oregon Coast Range. The Oregon Coast stretches approximately 363 miles (584 km) from the Columbia River in the north to the Oregon–California state border in the south. The Oregon Coast is not a specific geological, environmental, or political entity but, instead, includes the entire coastline of Oregon, including the Columbia River Estuary.
1967's Oregon Beach Bill allows free beach access to everyone. This bill allows private beach landowners to retain certain beach land rights, but it removes the property tax obligation of the beach landowner. In exchange, the beach landowner grants an easement passage to pedestrians. The Beach Bill grants a public access easement on the beach that cannot be taken away by the landowner nor can the landowner build on the beach.[1]
Traditionally, the Oregon Coast is regarded as three distinct sub-regions,[2] each with its own local features and regional history. While there are no legal or objective boundaries, most Oregonians consider the three regions to be:
The North Coast, which stretches from the Columbia River to Neskowin.[3]
The Central Coast, which stretches from Lincoln City to Florence.[4]
The South Coast, which stretches from Reedsport to the Oregon–California border.[5]
The largest city along the Oregon Coast is Coos Bay—population 16,000[6]—in Coos County on the South Coast. U.S. Route 101 is the primary highway from Astoria to Brookings, and is known for its scenic overlooks of the Pacific Ocean. There are over 80 state parks and recreation areas along the Oregon Coast. However, there are only a few highways that cross the coast mountains from the interior to the coast. This has led to highways US-20, US-30, US-26, SR-18 and SR-22, all serving the Willamette Valley / Portland area to the North and Central Coasts as being considered some of the worst in terms of traffic,[7] a conclusion disputed by the Oregon Department of Transportation. Highways SR-18 and US-20 are considered two of the most dangerous roads in the state.[8]
The Oregon Coast includes Clatsop County, Tillamook County, Lincoln County, western Lane County, western Douglas County, Coos County, and Curry County.
for more en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Coast
Steel engraving of a Dioptric Lighthouse Lens from The National Encyclopedia 1884 - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.
Published by William Mackenzie, London; 18 Vols. Brown gilt cloth boards 20cm x 17cm.
HUSSAINI ENCYCLOPEDIA
IN 500 VOLUMES
MUHAMMAD SADIQ MUHAMMAD AL-KARBASI
AN OVERVIEW By
NADIR AL-KHAZRAJI
Originally included on the CD “The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia” from Grolier, Inc.
Copyright © 1993 Grolier, Inc.
Copyright © 1987–1993 Online Computer Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 1993 The Software Toolworks, Inc.
Location: Europe > Portugal > Algarve
Date Photo Taken: October 18, 2010
Size: 1,5 cm
© Copyright. You cannot use! Only Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)
Spanish moss
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Spanish moss
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Bromeliaceae
Genus: Tillandsia
Subgenus: Diaphoranthema
Species: T. usneoides
Binomial name:
Tillandsia usneoides
(L.) L., 1762
Synonyms:
Renealmia usneoides L.
Dendropogon usneoides (L.) Raf.
Strepsia usneoides (L.) Nutt. ex Steud.
Tillandsia trichoides Kunth
Tillandsia filiformis Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
Tillandsia crinita Willd. ex Beer
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is a flowering plant that grows upon larger trees, commonly the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) or bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north to southern Arkansas and Virginia. It is also native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) and in French Polynesia.
The plant's specific name usneoides means "resembling Usnea", and it indeed closely resembles its namesake Usnea, also known as beard lichen, but in fact Spanish moss is neither a moss nor a lichen. Instead, it is a flowering plant (angiosperm) in the family Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) that grows hanging from tree branches in full sun or partial shade. Formerly this plant has been placed in the genera Anoplophytum, Caraguata, and Renealmia.The northern limit of its natural range is Northampton County, Virginia, with unsubstantiated colonial-era reports in southern Maryland where no populations are now known to be extant. The primary range is in the southeastern United States (including Puerto Rico), to Argentina, growing wherever the climate is warm enough and has a relatively high average humidity. It has been introduced to similar locations around the world, including Hawaii and Australia.
The plant consists of a slender stem bearing alternate thin, curved or curly, heavily scaled leaves 2–6 cm (0.79–2.36 in) long and 1 mm (0.039 in) broad, that grow vegetatively in chain-like fashion (pendant) to form hanging structures up to 6 m (240 in) in length. The plant has no aerial roots and its flowers are tiny and inconspicuous. It propagates both by seed and vegetatively by fragments that blow on the wind and stick to tree limbs, or are carried by birds as nesting material.
Three types of water clock or clepsydra - from the ancient Greeks (left) to a nineteenth century curio (right).
Steel engraving from The National Encyclopedia 1884 - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.
Published by William Mackenzie, London; 18 Vols. Brown gilt cloth boards 20cm x 17cm.
Here are where your donations end up..
The trained Sea Organization liars at Bridge shake you down, play on your desire to help and harass and harangue you for more than $700 per set for this Hubbard encyclopedia.
They don't give a damn about you, Hubbard or getting these books in the libraries.
Obviously.
The books end up on ebay.
Click this link to see their own propaganda piece where they claim the books are in every library in the world:
and click this link to see my search results:
Exhibition dedicated to the discovery of the capital of the Thracian Kingdom of the Odryssians. Unfortnunately now the city is under the waters of Koprinka Dam.
Seuthopolis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Seuthopolis was an ancient city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes III, and the capital of the Odrysian kingdom since 320 BC. It was a small city, built on the site of an earlier settlement, and its ruins are now located at the bottom of the Koprinka Reservoir near Kazanlak, Stara Zagora Province, in central Bulgaria.
Seuthopolis was not a true polis, but rather the seat of Seuthes and his court. His palace had a dual role, functioning also as a sanctuary of the Cabeiri. Most of the space within the city was occupied not by homes but by official structures, the majority of the people living outside the city.
The dual role of Seuthes' palace (royal court and sanctuary) indicates that Seuthes was a priest-king: the high priest of the Cabeiri among the Odrysian Thracians. A hearth altar stood in the center of the Cabeiri sanctuary, the Cabeiri being associated with fire and metallurgy and with the smith-god Hephaestus.
The cemetery of Seuthopolis included a number of brick tholos tombs, some covered by tumuli, in which the upper-class were interred, sometimes along with their horses. The less affluent were cremated, with modest grave goods laid alongside.
The ruins of the city were discovered and excavated in 1948 by Bulgarian archeologists during the construction of the Georgi Dimitrov (later renamed Koprinka) Reservoir. However, it was decided to continue with the construction and flood the dam, leaving Seuthopolis at its bottom.
In 2005, Bulgarian architect Zheko Tilev proposed a project to uncover, preserve and reconstruct the city of Seuthopolis (the best preserved Thracian city in Bulgaria) by means of a dam wall surrounding the ruins in the middle of the dam, enabling the site's inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and making it a tourist destination of world importance. Tourists would be transported to the site by boats. The round wall, 420 metres in diameter, would enable visitors to see the city from 20 metres above and would also feature "hanging gardens", glass lifts, a quay, restaurants, cafés, shops, ateliers, etc. It would be illuminated at night.
The project was donated by the architect to Kazanlak municipality and funds are being raised to begin construction. According to Tilev, it would cost minimum €50 million.[1]
Children's Encyclopedia, edited by Arthur Mee, and published in 10 volumes by the Educational Book Company, London. It was published from 1908 to 1964.
Thruxton 500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Thruxton 500 was a motorcycle endurance race for production based road machines, covering 500 miles and ridden by a team of two riders per machine. The first event was a 9-hour race which took place in 1955, organized by the Southampton and District Motorcycle Club (SDMCC) at the Thruxton Circuit near Andover in Hampshire. Two more 9-hour races followed in 1956 and 1957.
These earlier 9-hour races resulted in the birth of the famous Thruxton 500 miler, the first taking place in 1958 and the last in 1973.
The Thruxton 500 was an endurance race for production based road machines, covering 500 miles and ridden by a team of two riders per machine.
There were twelve Thruxton 500 events between 1958 and 1973. During that period, there were four races where the 500 miler had to be run at two different circuits because of poor track conditions at Thruxton.[1] The first rearranged 500 miler race was at Castle Combe[2] in 1965 followed by three other meetings at Brands Hatch in 1966, 1967 and 1968.[3]
In the 1960s, the Thruxton 500 race was very important to British motorcycle manufacturers as a test of their bikes which provided public exposure. A win, or second and third places in the Thruxton 500, offered advertising opportunities and boosted sales, resulting in keen competition around Thruxton’s fast, flowing and demanding track.
Four other endurance events were held at Thruxton but not under the Thruxton 500 name. There were two Powerbike Internationals in 1974 and 1975 and two Grand Prix D'Endurance events in 1976 and 1977.
Seven other endurance events were organized by the SDMMC at different circuits around the UK.
Similar events were the Bemsee-organised Hutchinson 100[4] at Silverstone and the 'Motor Cycle' 500 at Brands Hatch in 1966 where Mike Hailwood demonstrated a Honda CB450 Black Bomber fitted with a sports fairing.[5] It was unable to compete in the 500cc category, the FIM deeming it was not classified as a production machine as it had two overhead camshafts.[6]
Only one motorcycle race a year is now held at Thruxton, a round of the British Superbike Championship
These belonged to my dad, but he knows I collect sets of old "books of knowledge" so they've joined my bookshelves.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
History
Located in Over or Upper Liberton, it was originally owned by the Dalmahoy family, whose arms appears on a carved panel on the south wall. Records of it being in their possession date back to 1453, but the provenance of the tower before that is not known.[1]
It passed to a branch of the Forrester family of Corstorphine, before being sold to William Little, who was Provost of Edinburgh in 1586 and 1591. Provost Little built the nearby Liberton House, and the castle was abandoned in 1610, being subsequently used for agricultural storage.
Deposits of charcoal as well as smashed pottery suggest that the tower was caught up in the fighting around Edinburgh in 1650, when Cromwell invaded Edinburgh as part of the Third English Civil War.[2] Other evidence to this effect is the removal of the parapets, damage to the tower and the finding of cannonballs in nearby fields.[2]
Design
Liberton Tower provides a good example of a typical noble residence of its period, one of the relatively few that was not substantially altered in later centuries.[3] Featureless except for its small, asymmetrically-arranged windows, it is coated in distinctive yellow harling and has been described as "grim and ponderous".[3] The tower is rectangular in plan, being 34 feet 9 inches (10.59 m) along the east–west axis and 25 feet 9 inches (7.85 m) along the north–south axis.[2]
The 15th century structure is well preserved and was restored in 1994. It is used for holiday lets.[4][5]
"..a remarkable volume which delves into every conceivable crevice of the sf world."
From the cover notes.
Location: Europe > Portugal > Azores
Date Photo Taken: August 13, 2015
© Copyright. You cannot use! Only Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)
Engraving from The Encyclopaedia Britannica - 9th edition - 1876-1889.
The 9th edition was a new, completely revised edition, enlarged to 24 volumes - sometimes called the ‘scholars’ edition’, with articles from over 2000 eminent contributors.
Published by Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, for The Times Publications of London. 24 volumes red half leather, gilt spines and marbled endpapers and edges. About 20,000 pages 28cm x 22cm. .
Spiš Castle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The ruins of Spiš Castle (Slovak: Spišský hrad, About this sound pronunciation (help·info); Hungarian: Szepesi vár; German: Zipser Burg) in eastern Slovakia form one of the largest castle sites in Central Europe. The castle is situated above the town of Spišské Podhradie and the village of Žehra, in the region known as Spiš (Hungarian: Szepes, German: Zips, Polish: Spisz, Latin: Scepusium). It was included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1993 (together with the adjacent locations of Spišská Kapitula, Spišské Podhradie and Žehra). This is one of the biggest European castles by area (41 426 m²).
Spiš Castle was built in the 12th century on the site of an earlier castle. It was the political, administrative, economic and cultural centre of Szepes County[1] of the Kingdom of Hungary. Before 1464, it was owned by the kings of Hungary, afterwards (until 1528) by the Zápolya family, the Thurzó family (1531–1635), the Csáky family (1638–1945), аnd (since 1945) by the state of Czechoslovakia then Slovakia.
Originally a Romanesque stone castle with fortifications, a two-story Romanesque palace and a three-nave Romanesque-Gothic basilica were constructed by the second half of the 13th century. A second extramural settlement was built in the 14th century, by which the castle area was doubled. The castle was completely rebuilt in the 15th century; the castle walls were heightened and a third extramural settlement was constructed. A late Gothic chapel was added around 1470. The Zápolya clan performed late Gothic transformations, which made the upper castle into a comfortable family residence, typical of late Renaissance residences of the 16th and 17th centuries. The last owners of the Spiš Castle, the Csáky family, abandoned the castle in the early 18th century because they considered it too uncomfortable to live in. They moved to the newly built nearby village castles/palaces in Hodkovce near Žehra and Spišský Hrhov.
n 1780, the castle burned down. It is not known how it burned down, but there are a few theories. One is that the Csáky family purposely burned it down to reduce taxes (no roofs back then meant no taxes). Another is that it was struck by lightning, which started the fire. A third is that some soldiers there were making moonshine and managed to burn the castle. Whatever the case, after the fire, the castle was no longer occupied and began to fall into disrepair.[2] The castle was partly reconstructed in the second half of the 20th century, and extensive archaeological research was carried out on the site. The reconstructed sections house displays of the Spiš Museum and things inside it, such as torture devices used in the castle.
A Text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Black Swan, photographed in Brasília's Zoo, Brazil.
The Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) is a large waterbird which breeds mainly in the southeast and southwest regions of Australia.
Taxonomy:
Black swans were first seen by Europeans in 1697, when Willem de Vlamingh's expedition explored the Swan River, Western Australia.
The black swan was described scientifically by English naturalist John Latham in 1790. It was formerly placed into a monotypic genus, Chenopis.
The common name ‘Swan’ is a gender neutral term, but ‘cob’ for a male and ‘pen’ for a female are also used, as is ‘cygnet’ for the young. Collective nouns include a ‘bank’ (on the ground) and a ‘wedge’ (in flight). Black Swans can be found singly, or in loose companies numbering into the hundreds or even thousands.
Description:
Black Swans are primarily black feathered birds, with white flight feathers. The bill is bright red, with a pale bar and tip; and legs and feet are greyish-black. Cobs (males) are slightly larger than pens (females), with a longer and straighter bill. Cygnets (immature birds) are a greyish-brown with pale-edged feathers.
A mature Black Swan measures between 110 and 142 cm (43-56 in) in length and weighs 3.7–9 kg (8.1-20 lbs). Its wing span is between 1.6 and 2 metres (5.3-6.5 ft). The neck is long (relatively the longest neck among the swans) and curved in an "S".
The Black Swan utters a musical and far reaching bugle-like sound, called either on the water or in flight, as well as a range of softer crooning notes. It can also whistle, especially when disturbed while breeding and nesting.
The Black Swan is unlike any other Australian bird, although in poor light and at long range it may be confused with a Magpie Goose in flight. However, the black swan can be distinguished by its much longer neck and slower wing beat.
Distribution:
The species has a large range, with figures between one to ten million km² given as the extent of occurrence. The current global population is estimated to be up to 500,000 individuals. No threat of extinction, or significant decline in population has been identified with this numerous and widespread bird.
The Black Swan is common in the wetlands of south western and eastern Australia and adjacent coastal islands. In the south west the range ecompasses an area between North West Cape, Cape Leeuwin and Eucla; while in the east it covers are large region bounded by the Atherton Tableland, the Eyre Peninsula and Tasmania, with the Murray Darling Basin supporting very large populations of black swans. It is uncommon in central and northern Australia.
The Black Swan’s preferred habitat extends across fresh, brackish and salt water lakes, swamps and rivers with underwater and emergent vegetation for food and nesting materials. Permanent wetlands are preferred, including ornamental lakes, but black swans can also be found in flooded pastures and tidal mudflats, and occasionally on the open sea near islands or the shore.
Black Swans were once thought to be sedentary, but the species is now known to be highly nomadic. There is no set migratory pattern, but rather opportunistic responses to either rainfall or drought. In high rainfall years, emigration occurs from the south west and south east into the interior, with a reverse immigration to these heartlands in drier years. When rain does fall in the arid central regions, black swans will migrate to these areas to nest and raise their young. However, should dry conditions return before the young have been raised, the adult birds will abandon the nests and their eggs or cygnets and return to wetter areas.
Black Swans, like many other water fowl, lose all their flight feathers at once when they moult after breeding, and they are unable to fly for about a month. During this time they will usually settle on large, open waters for safety.
Introduced populations
Before the arrival of the Māori in New Zealand, a sub-species of the Black Swan known as the New Zealand Swan had developed in the islands, but was apparently hunted to extinction. In 1864, the Australian Black Swan was introduced to New Zealand as an ornamental waterfowl, and populations are now common on larger coastal or inland lakes, especially Rotorua Lakes, Lake Wairarapa and Lake Ellesmere, and the Chatham Islands.[6] Black Swans have also naturally flown to New Zealand, leading some people to consider them a native rather than exotic species, although the present population appears to be largely descended from deliberate introductions.
The Black Swan is also very popular as an ornamental waterbird in Western Europe, especially Britain, and escapes are commonly reported. As yet the population in Britain is not considered to be self-sustaining and so the species is not afforded admission to the official British List, but the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust have recorded a maximum of nine breeding pairs in the UK in 2001, with an estimate of 43 feral birds in 2003/04 (though that is undoubtedly an under-estimate given the level of monitoring undertaken).
A colony of Black Swans in Dawlish, Devon has become so well associated with the town that the bird has been the town's emblem for forty years.
Behaviour:
When swimming, black swans hold their necks arched or erect, and often carry their feathers or wings raised in an aggressive display. In flight, a wedge of black swans will form as a line or a V, with the individual birds flying strongly with undulating long necks, making whistling sounds with their wings and baying, bugling or trumpeting calls.
Nesting:
Generally, black swans nest in the wetter winter months (February to September), occasionally in large colonies. A typical clutch contains 4 to 8 greenish-white eggs that are incubated for about 35–40 days. After hatching, the cygnets are tended by the parents for about 6 months until fledging, and may ride on their parent's back for longer trips into deeper water.
A Black Swan nest is essentially a large heap or mound of reeds, grasses and weeds between 1 and 1.5 metres (3-4½ feet) in diameter and up to 1 metre high, in shallow water or on islands. A nest is reused every year, restored or rebuilt as needed. Both parents share the care of the nest. Like other swans, the black swan is largely monogamous, pairing for life (about 6% divorce rate). Recent studies have shown that around a third of all broods exhibit extra-pair paternity.
Sexuality:
An estimated one-quarter of all black swans pairings are homosexual and they steal nests, or form temporary threesomes with females to obtain eggs, driving away the female after she lays the eggs. Several swan species exhibit lifelong homosocial behaviours, and the same phenomenon can also be found in a number of other water-birds, notably geese and flamingos, where it serves as a flexible life strategy.
In swans, the pair is the central social unit. The birds reinforce the unit with frequent preening and sex. When one dies the other will usually live out the remainder of its life alone, which is also the norm for male-female couples. The pair builds nests, raise cygnets and defends the territory. Two cobs, being bigger and stronger than a cob (male) and a pen, (female) can hold down a larger territory, and provide their cygnets with more to eat.
Such same-sex pairs represent a major fitness bonus to a pen, and pens without partners will seek out these couples, have sex with one or other of the cobs and lay eggs in their nest. She is then chased off, not being a part of the pair, and the cobs raise the cygnets themselves. Having access to more food the brood have up to ten times the survival rate of a brood with a heterosexual swan couple. From an evolutionary point of view, this is a very rewarding strategy for the cobs as well.
This situation only holds true as long as a nest and/or a territory is in short supply. The two males will have a fitness loss in that they (1) have no guarantee they are the actual fathers of the cygnets (not being bonded with the female) and (2) will have to split reproduction between them.
A same-sex lifestyle will be advantageous in some situations, but not in others. However, having a partner is a requisite for building a nest and keeping a territory, and an opposite-sex partner may not always be available when forming pairs. Thus, the ability to form a male pair is a normal part of the black swan’s social behaviour and an example of a flexible life strategy in the species.
Conservation:
The Black Swan is protected under the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1974. It is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Australian culture:
Main article: Black Swan emblems and popular culture
The Black Swan was a literary or artistic image, even before the discovery of Cygnus atratus. Cultural reference has been based on symbolic contrast and as a distinctive motif.
The Black Swan's role in Australian heraldry and culture extends to the first founding of the colonies in the eighteenth century. It has often been equated with antipodean identity, the contrast to the white swan of the northern hemisphere indicating 'Australianess'. The Black Swan is featured on the flag, and is both the state and bird emblem, of Western Australia; it also appears in the Coat of Arms and other iconography of the state's institutions.
Fotografado no Zoológico de Brasília, Brasil.
Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:
O Cisne-negro (Cygnus atratus) é uma ave aquática australiana . É a ave oficial do estado da Austrália Ocidental.
Pertence à família Anatidae, a que pertencem os patos, gansos, e cisnes.
Podem-se encontrar em todos os estados da Austrália. O animal adulto pode pesar até 9 kg. Ao contrário de muitas outras aves aquáticas, os cisnes negros não têm hábitos migratórios. Passam a sua vida no local onde nasceram.
Nidificam em grandes aterros que constroem, no meio de lagos poucos profundos. Os ninhos são utilizados de ano para ano, reparando-se e reconstruindo-se quando necessário. O ninho está tanto ao cuidado do macho quanto ao cuidado da fêmea. Quando as crias já estão aptas para nadar, com a sua plumagem definitiva, é comum ver famílias inteiras em busca de alimento nos lagos.
Os cisnes são aves aquáticas da sub-família Anserinae, que inclui também os gansos. No seu conjunto formam o género Cygnus, sendo caracterizados pelo longo pescoço e por patas curtas. A sua distribuição geográfica é diversificada, sendo os cisnes do hemisfério norte brancos, enquanto que os do hemisfério sul apresentam plumagem por vezes colorida. Os cisnes formam casais monogâmicos e constroem ninhos onde chocam entre 3 a 8 ovos. Se a nidificação falha, é comum os membros do casal procurarem outro parceiro.
Espécies
Cygnus atratus (Latham, 1790) - Cisne-negro
Cygnus melanocorypha (Molina, 1782) - Cisne-de-pescoço-preto
Cygnus olor (Gmelin, 1789) - Cisne-branco
Cygnus buccinator Richardson, 1831 - Cisne-trombeteiro
Cygnus columbianus (Ord, 1815) - Cisne-pequeno
Cygnus bewickii Yarrel, 1830 - Cisne-de-bewick
Cygnus cygnus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Cisne-bravo
Cisnes na Cultura:
O Patinho Feio, um conto de Hans Christian Andersen
O Lago dos Cisnes, um bailado
Cisne Negro Companhia de Dança (Brasil)
Os cisnes aparecem na face nacional das Moedas de euro finlandesas
Cygnus é o nome de uma constelação.
New coffee table book - The Essential Batman Encyclopedia
Picked this up from Borders not too long ago with a discount coupon =)
Children's Encyclopedia, edited by Arthur Mee, and published in 10 volumes by the Educational Book Company, London. It was published from 1908 to 1964.
Steel engraving from The National Encyclopedia 1884 - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.
Published by William Mackenzie, London; 18 Vols. Brown gilt cloth boards 20cm x 17cm.
An interesting design for a water fountain.
Steel engraving from The National Encyclopedia 1884 - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.
Published by William Mackenzie, London; 18 Vols. Brown gilt cloth boards 20cm x 17cm.
When I was at Kent State, I convinced the librarian to let me into the 12th floor of their library. You have to have a key and are only allowed to touch the books with gloves and tongs. Its a rare book collection. I told her I was an student and needed to see these Russian books for a Russain history class, to look at the type of art from the time period on the bindings, and she believed me. I didn't touch them though, they were so old I was afraid I might break them.
St Peulan's Church, Llanbeulan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St Peulan's Church, Llanbeulan is a disused medieval church in Llanbeulan, in Anglesey, north Wales. The nave, which is the oldest part of the building, dates from the 12th century, with a chancel and side chapel added in the 14th century. The church has a font of early date, possibly from the first half of the 11th century: one historian has said that it would initially have been used as an altar and that "as an altar of the pre-Norman period it is a unique survivor in Wales and, indeed, in Britain".
The church is now redundant and has been in the care of the charity, the Friends of Friendless Churches since 2005. It is a Grade II* listed building, a designation given to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest", because it is a medieval church of "typical Anglesey type" that has retained its simple character despite 19th-century alterations.
Contents
History and location
The date of foundation of the church in Llanbeulan is not known for certain, although it is said that a church was founded on this site in 630 by St Peulan. He was a disciple of the Anglesey saint Cybi. The earliest parts of the building date from the 12th century. It was the parish church of the area, and had a chapel of ease at St Mary's Church, Tal-y-llyn (now also closed). In November 1349, records of an inquisition in Beaumaris show that the priest serving St Peulan's was one of a number of Anglesey clergymen to have died about that time, which was when the Black Death was affecting Anglesey. During the 19th century, a significant amount of church rebuilding and restoration work took place throughout Anglesey, and St Peulan's was given a new roof and new internal fittings at this time. It is now a redundant church and has been in the hands of the Friends of Friendless Churches since 2004; it is one of four churches on Anglesey for which the charity has responsibility. The charity holds a 999-year lease with effect from 10 June 2005.
The church gave its name to the parish of Llanbeulan: the Welsh word llan originally meant "enclosure" and then "church", and "‑beulan" is a modified form of the saint's name. It is in a thinly populated part of rural Anglesey, about 1.75 kilometres (1.09 mi) to the south-west of the village of Gwalchmai, and about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the south-east of Bryngwran. A grassed track runs from the road to the church.
Architecture and fittings
The church is built from rubble masonry, dressed with gritstone. The nave measures 27 feet 6 inches by 15 feet 6 inches (8.4 by 4.7 m), the chancel is 15 feet 6 inches by 11 feet 9 inches (4.7 by 3.6 m), and the south chapel is 11 feet 3 inches by 16 feet (3.4 by 4.9 m). The building has a slate roof with copings of stone. At the west end, there is a gabled bellcote with one bell; crosses made of iron are fixed to the roofs of the chancel and south chapel. The nave of the church, which has two bays, was probably built in the 12th century. An entrance at the west end of the nave has been blocked up and plastered over on the outside.The chancel, which is smaller than the nave, and a chapel (on the south side of the building attached to the nave) were added in the 14th century, and the arches dividing the nave from the chapel and the chancel are of this date. The entrance door, from the 19th century, is positioned on the east side of the chapel and has a pointed archway. Alongside the doorway is a stone inscribed with the year 1637, and next to that is a round-headed small window dating from the 12th century, reset in the chapel wall of later date. It has been suggested that this window may been reused from the blocked nave entrance.
The east window of the chancel, from the 15th century, has two lights topped with trefoils and decorated with carved heads. There is also a blocked 14th-century window in the chancel's north wall and an early 16th-century window in the south wall. Other windows in the church date from the 17th century (chapel south window) and 19th century (nave). The pews date from the 17th century: one stall in the chancel bears an inscribed panel of wood, dated 1664, recording that it is the seat of William Bold of Treyrddol. There are a number of memorials inside the church from the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries. The church's 19th-century fittings, such as the pulpit and altar rail, are plain.
The most notable feature of the church is its font, which dates from the late 12th century, or possibly even the first part of the 11th century. It measures 2 feet 1 inch (63.5 cm) by 2 feet 11 inches (88.9 cm) (external measurements) and is 11 inches (27.9 cm) deep. It is rectangular and decorated on three sides. One of the shorter sides has a cross with four arms of equal length imposed on a ring; at the base are two small hemispheres, and the design is framed with bands (some plain, some decorated with chevrons or a twisted rope pattern). It has been suggested that the hemispheres are bee skeps. One of the longer sides has a row of arches forming an arcade above a pattern of lozenges. The other shorter side has a chequerwork pattern. The archeologist David Petts has noted that it is one of a number of fonts on Anglesey that has an area with little or no carving, perhaps because it was never anticipated that the plain side of the font would be seen or because the font was carved after being put in its position in the church. Although similar in style to other Anglesey fonts, its rectangular shape is "unique", according to Petts, and the cross on one side "finds no parallels among fonts of this period."
One writer, the historian Peter Lord, has suggested that it was initially used as an altar. Accepting the 11th-century dating, Lord stated that "as an altar of the pre-Norman period it is a unique survivor in Wales and, indeed, in Britain". Petts considers this "unlikely", suggesting that it may originally have been a reliquary. The Friends of Friendless Churches describes the font as the building's "chief glory". It has also been called "the best of Anglesey's remarkable Romanesque series." It has similarities of design and style with the fonts of two other churches on Anglesey (St Llwydian's Church, Heneglwys and St Iestyn's Church, Llaniestyn) and with one of the stone crosses at St Seiriol's Church, Penmon.
Assessment
The church is a Grade II* listed building – the second-highest (of three) grade of listing, designating "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". It was given this status on 5 April 1971, and has been listed because it is "a rural Medieval church retaining its simple character." It is described by Cadw (the Welsh Assembly Government body responsible for the built heritage of Wales) as a church "of typical Anglesey type", where the 19th-century restoration work has "retained the simplicity of design and construction", and also the church's medieval character.
In the 19th century, the writer Samuel Lewis said that it was "small and of rude workmanship", but had "several curious features" such as the font that made it "valuable". The antiquarian Angharad Llwyd, writing in 1833, described it as "a small cruciform structure, situated in a little barren valley", with the south transept "bearing evidence of very great antiquity." She stated that there were some windows "in the later English style, of good design, especially the east window of the chancel, which is a very superior composition."
From The Golden Encyclopedia, by Dorothy A Bennett, illustrated by Cornelius de Witt. Golden Press, New York, 1946.
Floodwall mural in Jeffersonville, Indiana.
‘The Encyclopedia of Louisville’ page 286. ”The last ferry operation was between Louisville and Jeffersonville. The original company, facing difficult competition from electric interurban car service over the Big Four Bridge beginning in 1905, was reorganized as the Falls City Ferry and Transportation Co. in December 1920, with David B.G. Rose as principal shareholder. Among the minority shareholders was Harland D. Sanders, later of Kentucky Fried Chicken fame. Though the passenger load declined through the 1920′s vehicular traffic increased as automobiles proliferated. There was as yet no vehicular bridge between Louisville and Jeffersonville. Fares were low. During the 1920′s pedestrians were carried for five cents. Once aboard they could ride all day for that modest fee.”