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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Golestān Palace (Persian: کاخ گلستان) is the former royal Qajar complex in Iran's capital city.
The oldest of the historic monuments in Tehran, the Golestan Palace (also Gulistan Palace) (The Rose Garden Palace) belongs to a group of royal buildings that were once enclosed within the mud-thatched walls of Tehran’s Historic Arg (citadel).
The Arg was built during the reign of Tahmasp I (r. 1524-1576) of the Safavid dynasty (1502-1736), and was later renovated by Karim Khan Zand (r. 1750-1779). Agha Mohamd Khan Qajar (1742-1797) chose Tehran as his capital. The Arg became the site of the Qajar (1794-1925). The Court and Golestan Palace became the official residence of the royal Qajar family. The palace was rebuilt to its current form in 1865 by Haji Abol-hasan Mimar Navai.
During the Pahlavi era (1925-1979) Golestan Palace was used for formal royal receptions and the Pahlavi dynasty built their own palace at Niavaran. The most important ceremonies held in the Palace during the Pahlavi era were the coronation of Reza Khan (r. 1925-1941) in Takht-e Marmar and the coronation of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941-deposed 1979) in the Museum Hall.
In between 1925 and 1945 a large portion of the buildings of the palace were destroyed on the orders of Reza Shah who believed that the centuries old Qajar palace should not hinder the growth of a modern city. In the place of the old buildings modern 1950s and 1960s style commercial buildings were erected.
مجموعه کاخ گلستان، یادگاری به جای مانده از ارگ تاریخی تهران محل اقامت شاهان سلسله قاجار و از زیباترین و کهنترین بناهای پایتخت دویست ساله ایران می باشد. این بنا روزگاری همانند نگینی در میان این ارگ می درخشید .
سابقه تاریخی ارگ سلطنتی که محدوده مکانی تاریخی آن را در شمال خیابان و میدان امام خمینی (سپه) در سمت غرب خیابان خیام ،در شرق خیابان ناصر خسرو و در جنوب خیابان پانزده خرداد و میدان ارگ تشکیل می دهد، به روزگار صفویه باز می گردد .
شاه طهماسب اول صفوی (930-984) نخستین پادشاهی بود که در سفرهای خود به قصد زیارت مقبره حضرت عبدالعظیم دستور داد بارویی به طول یک فرسخ به دور قصبه تهران احداث شود. پس از او شاه عباس صفوی در قسمت شمالی حصار طهماسبی چهار باغ و چنارستانی احداث نمود که بعدها دیوار بلندی گرد آن بنا کرده و عمارات مقر سلطنتی را در داخل آن ساخته، ارگ نامیدند .
منبع و اطلاعات بیشتر :
Graceland Cemetery. I believe the founder of Wolff Manufacturing, a Gilded Age plumbing concern on Fulton and Carroll Streets.
Illustration of Optics theory .
Copperplate engraving from the First Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, or Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences, founded in 1768 and printed in 1771. 3 Volumes, this is Volume 3.
The largest encyclopedia of general knowledge published to date, with contributions by leaders in their fields.
Printed for Bell and Macfarquhar, Edinburgh. Original half leather binding, 970 pages this volume. 26cm x 21cm.
Over a year in the making, the Shanghai Jiao Tong Top 200 Universities Encyclopedia is the first university guide to present direct interviews with Presidents of the world's leading research universities, defined by the most respected international university ranking — the ARWU.
Aspiring students and curious minds alike can find out about the ongoing research programs leading the way against major international challenges, the unique atmosphere and precise approaches to teaching & learning at the world's leading universities.
Children's Encyclopedia, edited by Arthur Mee, and published in 10 volumes by the Educational Book Company, London. It was published from 1908 to 1964.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Grey heron
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Pelecaniformes
Family:Ardeidae
Genus:Ardea
Species:A. cinerea
Binomial name
Ardea cinerea
Linnaeus, 1758
The grey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a long-legged wading bird of the heron family, Ardeidae, native throughout temperate Europe and Asia, and also parts of Africa. It is resident in much of its range, but some populations from the more northern parts migrate southwards in autumn. A bird of wetland areas, it can be seen around lakes, rivers, ponds, marshes and on the sea coast. It feeds mostly on aquatic creatures which it catches after standing stationary beside or in the water, or stalking its prey through the shallows.
Standing up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) tall, adults weigh from 1 to 2 kg (2 to 4 lb). They have a white head and neck with a broad black stripe that extends from the eye to the black crest. The body and wings are grey above and the underparts are greyish-white, with some black on the flanks. The long, sharply pointed beak is pinkish-yellow and the legs are brown.
The birds breed colonially in spring in heronries, usually building their nests high in trees. A clutch of usually three to five bluish-green eggs is laid. Both birds incubate the eggs for around 25 days, and then both feed the chicks, which fledge when 7-8 weeks old. Many juveniles do not survive their first winter, but if they do, they can expect to live for about 5 years.
In Ancient Egypt, the deity Bennu was depicted as a heron in New Kingdom artwork. In Ancient Rome, the heron was a bird of divination. Roast heron was once a specially prized dish; when George Neville became Archbishop of York in 1465, 400 herons were served to the guests.
Taxonomy
A. c. cinerea at Jamnagar, India
Grey heron and Caudipteryx skeletons
Grey herons belong to the subfamily Ardeinae, along with the majority of extant species, which are known as the "typical herons".[2] The grey heron was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with the cattle egret and the great egret in the genus Ardea and coined the binomial name Ardea cinerea.[3] The scientific name comes the Latin ardea meaning "heron" and cinereus meaning "ash-grey" or "ash-coloured".[4]
Four subspecies are recognised:[5]
A. c. cinerea – Linnaeus, 1758: nominate, found in Europe, Africa, western Asia
A. c. jouyi – Clark, 1907: found in eastern Asia
A. c. firasa – Hartert, 1917: found in Madagascar
A. c. monicae – Jouanin & Roux, 1963: found on islands off Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania.
It is closely related and similar to the North American great blue heron (Ardea herodias), which differs in being larger, and having chestnut-brown flanks and thighs; and to the cocoi heron (Ardea cocoi) from South America, with which it forms a superspecies. Some authorities believe that the subspecies A. c. monicae should be considered a separate species.[6] It has been known to hybridise with the great egret (Ardea alba), the little egret (Egretta garzetta), the great blue heron and the purple heron (Ardea purpurea).[7] The Australian white-faced heron is often incorrectly called a grey heron.[8] In Ireland, the grey heron is often colloquially called a "crane".[9]
Description
Head, with neck retracted
The grey heron is a large bird, standing up to 100 cm (40 in) tall and measuring 84–102 cm (33–40 in) long with a 155–195 cm (61–77 in) wingspan.[10] The body weight can range from 1.02–2.08 kg (2 lb 4 oz – 4 lb 9+1⁄4 oz).[11] The plumage is largely ashy-grey above, and greyish-white below, with some black on the flanks. Adults have a white head and neck with a broad black supercilium that terminates in the slender, dangling crest, and bluish-black streaks on the front of the neck. The scapular feathers and the feathers at the base of the neck are somewhat elongated. Immature birds lack the dark stripe on the head and are generally duller in appearance than adults, with a grey head and neck, and a small, dark grey crest. The pinkish-yellow beak is long, straight, and powerful, and is brighter in color in breeding adults. The iris is yellow and the legs are brown and very long.[12]
The main call is a loud croaking "fraaank", but a variety of guttural and raucous noises are heard at the breeding colony. The male uses an advertisement call to encourage a female to join him at the nest, and both sexes use various greeting calls after a pair bond has been established. A loud, harsh "schaah" is used by the male in driving other birds from the vicinity of the nest and a soft "gogogo" expresses anxiety, as when a predator is nearby or a human walks past the colony. The chicks utter loud chattering or ticking noises.[12]
Distribution and habitat
Range of A. cinerea
Breeding
Resident
Non-breeding
Vagrant (seasonality uncertain)
Extant & Introduced (resident)
Grey heron flies a short distance in a Tokyo park, 2021
The grey heron has an extensive range throughout most of the Palearctic realm. The range of the nominate subspecies A. c. cinerea extends to 70° N in Norway and 66°N in Sweden, but its northerly limit is around 60°N across the rest of Europe and Asia, as far eastwards as the Ural Mountains. To the south, its range extends to northern Spain, France, central Italy, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Iraq, Iran, India, The Maldives and Myanmar (Burma). It is also present in Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the Canary Islands, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and many of the Mediterranean Islands. It is replaced by A. c. jouyi in eastern Siberia, Mongolia, eastern China, Hainan, Japan, and Taiwan. In Madagascar and the Aldabra Islands, the subspecies A. c. firasa is found, while the subspecies A. c. monicae is restricted to Mauritania and offshore islands.[12]
Over much of its range, the grey heron is resident, but birds from the more northerly parts of Europe migrate southwards, some remaining in Central and Southern Europe, others travelling on to Africa south of the Sahara Desert.[12]
The grey heron is also known to be vagrant in the Caribbean, Bermuda, Iceland, Greenland, the Aleutian Islands, and Newfoundland, with a few confirmed sightings in other parts of North America including Nova Scotia and Nantucket.[13]
Within its range, the grey heron can be found anywhere with suitable watery habitat that can supply its food. The water body must be either shallow enough, or have a shelving margin in it, so that it can wade. Although most common in the lowlands, it also occurs in mountain tarns, lakes, reservoirs, rivers, marshes, ponds, ditches, flooded areas, coastal lagoons, estuaries, and the sea shore. It sometimes forages away from water in pasture, and it has been recorded in desert areas, hunting for beetles and lizards. Breeding colonies are usually near feeding areas, but exceptionally may be up to eight kilometres (five miles) away, and birds sometimes forage as much as 20 km (12 mi) from the nesting site.[12]
Behaviour
The grey heron has a slow flight, with its long neck retracted in an S-shape. This is characteristic of herons and bitterns, and distinguishes them from storks, cranes, and spoonbills, which extend their necks.[12] It flies with slow wing-beats and sometimes glides for short distances. It sometimes soars, circling to considerable heights, but not as often as the stork. In spring, and occasionally in autumn, birds may soar high above the heronry and chase each other, undertake aerial manoeuvres or swoop down towards the ground. The birds often perch in trees, but spend much time on the ground, striding about or standing still for long periods with an upright stance, often on a single leg.[12]
Diet and feeding
Grey heron eating a juvenile common moorhen
Grey herons are apex predators in their aquatic ecosystem.[14] Fish, amphibians, crustaceans, and insects are caught in shallow water with the heron's long bill. It has also been observed catching and killing juvenile birds such as ducklings, and occasionally takes birds up to the size of a water rail or white-throated rail.[15][16] Small mammals such as water voles, rats, stoats and young rabbits are additionally caught.[17][18]
Prey items vary in size from 1 cm-long fish and invertebrates, weighing less than 1g, to 30 cm-long carps and 57cm eels. While chicks tend to have smaller prey, individual prey caught by fully-grown Grey Herons commonly exceed 100g in weight and occasionally exceed 500g.[19] One paper reports that an adult heron managed to catch and swallow sea trout weighing 680g.[20] It may stand motionless in the shallows, or on a rock or sandbank beside the water, waiting for prey to come within striking distance. Alternatively, it moves slowly and stealthily through the water with its body less upright than when at rest and its neck curved in an "S". It is then able to straighten its neck and strike with its bill very quickly.[12] Small fish are swallowed head first, and larger prey and eels are carried to the shore where they are subdued by being beaten on the ground or stabbed by the bill. They are then swallowed or have hunks of flesh torn off. For prey such as small mammals and birds or ducklings, the prey is held by the neck and either drowned, suffocated, has its neck snapped with the heron's beak, or is bludgeoned against the ground or a nearby rock, before being swallowed whole. The bird regurgitates pellets of indigestible material such as fur, bones, and the chitinous remains of insects. The main hunting periods are around dawn and dusk, but it is also active at other times of the day. At night it roosts in trees or on cliffs, where it tends to be gregarious.[12]
Breeding
Grey heron flying with nesting material in Stockholm, Sweden
This species breeds in colonies known as heronries, usually in high trees close to lakes, the seashore, or other wetlands. Other sites are sometimes chosen, and these include low trees and bushes, bramble patches, reed beds, heather clumps and cliff ledges. The same nest is used year after year until blown down; it starts as a small platform of sticks but expands into a bulky nest as more material is added in subsequent years. It may be lined with smaller twigs, strands of root or dead grasses; in reed beds, it is built from dead reeds. The male usually collects the material, while the female constructs the nest. Breeding activities take place between February and June. When a bird arrives at the nest, a greeting ceremony occurs in which each partner raises and lowers its wings and plumes.[9] In continental Europe, and elsewhere, nesting colonies sometimes include nests of the purple heron and other heron species.[12]
Courtship involves the male calling from his chosen nesting site. On the arrival of the female, both birds participate in a stretching ceremony, in which each bird extends its neck vertically before bringing it backwards and downwards with the bill remaining vertical, simultaneously flexing its legs, before returning to its normal stance. The snapping ceremony is another behaviour where the neck is extended forward, the head is lowered to the level of the feet, and the mandibles are vigorously snapped together. This may be repeated 20-40 times. When the pairing is settled, the birds may caress each other by attending to the other bird's plumage. The male may then offer the female a stick, which she incorporates into the nest. At this, the male becomes excited, further preening the female, and copulation takes place.[12]
An adult feeding juveniles
The clutch of eggs usually numbers three to five, though as few as two and as many as seven eggs have been recorded. The eggs have a matt surface and are greenish-blue, averaging 60 mm × 43 mm (2+3⁄8 in × 1+11⁄16 in). The eggs are normally laid at two-day intervals and incubation usually starts after the first or second egg has been laid. Both birds take part in incubation and the period lasts about 25 days. Both parents bring food for the young. At first, the chicks seize the adult's bill from the side and extract regurgitated food from it. Later, the adult disgorges the food at the nest and the chicks squabble for possession. They fledge at 7-8 weeks. Usually, a single brood is raised each year, but two broods have been recorded.[12]
The oldest recorded bird lived for 23 years, but the average life expectancy in the wild is about 5 years. Only about a third of juveniles survive into their second year, many falling victim to predation.[9]
City life
Seeking food from a zoo penguin enclosure
Grey herons have the ability to live in cities where habitats and nesting space are available. In the Netherlands, it has established itself over the past decades in great numbers in urban environments. In cities such as Amsterdam, they are ever present and well adapted to modern city life.[21] They hunt as usual, but also visit street markets and snack bars. Some individuals make use of people feeding them at their homes or share the catch of recreational fishermen. Similar behaviour on a smaller scale has been reported in Ireland.[22] Garden ponds stocked with ornamental fish are attractive to herons, and the easy prey may provide young birds with a learning opportunity on how to hunt.[23]
Herons have been observed visiting water enclosures in zoos, such as spaces for penguins, otters, pelicans, and seals, and taking food meant for the animals on display.[24][25][26]
Predators and parasites
Being large birds with powerful beaks, grey herons have few predators as adults, but the eggs and young are more vulnerable. The adult birds do not usually leave the nest unattended, but may be lured away by marauding crows or kites.[27] A dead grey heron found in the Pyrenees is thought to have been killed by an otter. The bird may have been weakened by harsh winter weather causing scarcity of its prey.[28]
A study performed by Sitko and Heneberg in the Czech Republic between 1962 and 2013 suggested that Central European grey herons host 29 species of parasitic worms. The dominant species consisted of Apharyngostrigea cornu (67% prevalence), Posthodiplostomum cuticola (41% prevalence), Echinochasmus beleocephalus (39% prevalence), Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (36% prevalence), Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (31% prevalence), Desmidocercella numidica (29% prevalence), and Bilharziella polonica (5% prevalence). Juvenile grey herons were shown to host fewer species, but the intensity of infection was higher in the juveniles than in the adult herons. Of the digenean flatworms found in Central European grey herons, 52% of the species likely infected their definitive hosts outside Central Europe itself, in the premigratory, migratory, or wintering quarters, despite the fact that a substantial proportion of grey herons does not migrate to the south.[29]
Steel engraving of Compound Leaves from The National Encyclopedia 1884 - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.
Published by William Mackenzie, London; 18 Vols. Brown gilt cloth boards 20cm x 17cm.
The Lyres
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lyres (sometimes miscredited as The Lyres) are a Boston-area alternative rock musical group led by Jeff "Monoman" Conolly. Lyres were founded in 1979[1] following the breakup of DMZ. Their most popular songs included "What A Girl Can't Do" and "Help You Ann". The original lineup of the band featured Rick Coraccio(bass),Ricky Carmel (guitar), and Paul Murphy (drums).
Former DMZ members Rick Coraccio, Paul Murphy, and Peter Greenberg had rejoined Connolly in Lyres over the course of their existence (from 1979 to the early 2000s) [1]. Miriam Linna, former drummer of The Cramps andThe A-Bones, played in Lyres in 1986. Stiv Bators of The Dead Boys and Lords of the New Church, and Wally Tax of The Outsiders also recorded with Lyres in the late 1980s.
Lyres were less active in the 1990s, due to Conolly living in California and in Europe for brief periods of time. After a renewed period of activity in the early 2000s, the band went through another dormant period up until 2005. The band has been playing regularly during the last two years. Conolly is the only member who has been in every lineup during the large number of personnel changes that Lyres have gone through over the years. In 2009, Lyres played at the Go Sinner So festival in Madrid and an additional date in Porto Nuovo. This line-up included Peter Greenberg on guitar.
Current line-up
▪Jeff Conolly (organ, vocals)
▪Steve Aquino (guitar)
▪Paul Murphy (drums)
▪Rick Coraccio (bass)
Discography (incomplete)
LP albums
On Fyre (1984)
Lyres Lyres (1985)
A Promise Is A Promise (1986)
Happy Now (1988)
Some Lyres (1994)
EP albums
AHS1005 12" 45 rpm (Ace of Hearts 1981)
Nobody But Lyres 12" 33 rpm (TAANG! Records 1992)
Singles
"Help You Ann"
"Don't Give It Up Now" c/w "How Do You Know?" Dirty Water Records 2007
Compilations
"Hotel Massachusetts"
External links
▪http://www.limbos.org/lyres/
▪http://www.rockinboston.com/lyres.htm
▪http://www.myspace.com/lyresofficial
L'Ere Atomique, Encyclopedie des Sciences Modernes, vol. 8. Geneva, Switzerland: Editions Rene Kister, 1958: 110-12.
Hussaini Encyclopedia
Twelth Century Poetry
Volume 1
15/10/1689***23/10/1786
Dr Muhammad Sadiq Karbasi;
دائرة المعارف الحسينية
الديوان القرن الثاني عشر
الجزء الاول
15/10/1689***23/10/1786
اکبر موسوعه في التاريخ
دائرة المعارف الحسينية لمؤسسها ومؤلفها سماحة المحقق آية الله الدكتور محمد صادق محمد الكرباسي حفظه الله
Here's an e-mail attachment I recently received right out of the Sea Org playbook on how to run the Scientology book sales con.
First, they are false reporting that their Ron Series, a 16 volume encyclopedia of L Ron Hubbard, is in every library on the planet.
Check with your local library. Check 10 libraries in your area. Many libraries in the United States today have a list of their books online, so check around and see if you can find these. The reason these books are not in the libraries is because in most cases the librarians don't want the books. The result of this is that the books are either thrown away or sold for $1 when the library sells of it's unwanted inventory.
Additionally, many book sets were paid for but never even sent.
So now they are going to raise money to allegedly send these books to government officials and educators. Well, this can obviously go on forever without anyone ever verifying if anything was ever done.
Then they end off the propaganda piece with some photos and a story of some far away place which you have never been to and never will be that supposedly got the books just in time to save the country. Gambia? Right.
This is the same con they ran during the Basics scam starting back in 2007.
*****
These books are produced by Sea Organization slave labor in a Sea Org factory. The production costs next to nothing. Then they hit you up for over $700 for this encyclopedia of books that you will never see.
Fat profits.
Encyclopedia of Home Decorating,1954. The photos in the book are from the mid-40s and come from a series of decorating booklets.
Published by Book Production Industries, Written by Helen Koues. Containing material from home decorating booklets previously published by Book Production Industries, Inc. 1945, 1946, and 1947.
A plate from the 1922 Gresham Encyclopedia, illustrated the entry on 'Ethnology'. Includes photographs of the following 'ethnic types' (text taken from the image):
Australian
Akka Pygmy (Negrillo)
Vedda, Full-face (Pre-Dravidian)
Vedda, Profile (Pre-Dravidian)
Papuan
Bushman
Solomon Islander (Melanesian)
Andaman Islander (Negrito)
Nubian Girl
Touareg (Western Hamite)
Zulu (Bantu)
Somali (Ethiopian Hamite)
Carib (Southern American)
Javanese (Oceanic Mongol)
Maori (Polynesian)
Sikh (Indo-Aryan)
Eskimo
Lapp (Mongoloid)
Chinese Lady (Southern Mongol)
Chinaman (Southern Mongol)
Kalmuk (Northern Mongol)
North American Indian
Turk
Arab (Semite)
© riccophoto.com | All Rights Reserved.
Commissioned piece by Encyclopedia (Encyclopaedia) Britannica to accompany an article about Cell Phones and Communications Technologies. Book of the Year 2003.
Large fold-out steel engraving from The National Encyclopedia 1884 - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.
Published by William Mackenzie, London; 18 Vols. Brown gilt cloth boards 20cm x 17cm.
I loved the spines of these World Book encyclopedia. We had our own set of encyclopedias when I was a kid, only ours were red leather with a gilt trim. I loved those books. I would find myself bored on a lazy Saturday afternoon and start reading the encyclopedia for fun. I'd start at one article and keep browsing and finding related articles, and before I knew it, it'd be time for dinner.
Taken during story time at a local subscription library in Newport.
Deathbal101 & Stemcell are the usernames of a couple of anonymous cowards, who are known to stalk & harass complete-strangers on the internet. I'm here to expose some more people like them, who have a record of slandering & provoking people, who either blocked or warned them after they learned of their ill-behavior on the internet.
Many members of Encyclopedia are gore-fanatics, anonymous cowards, and pedo-obsessed stalkers, who have publicly-admitted they don't know me. Yet, they've been writing ridiculous articles & journals about me since last year. The important thing is that I'm fully-prepared to expose these lunatics & have them lawfully-punished once the public learns about this case:
The pedophiliacs, stalkers, and harassers, who are known to bother members of DeviantArt.com & many other popular websites have chosen me as a target because I've been against them since the day I discovered their slanderous messages about me & other minorities featured in articles at that site.
I have collected more than enough evidence of harassment (starting from October 2009) that shows that this is not a joke, but a serious matter, of which webmasters (especially the admins of DeviantArt) should be aware.
Thanks to John for providing me evidence on our present tragic state of the world, as a prediction from science fiction of the past. Here's the full story: theory.isthereason.com/?p=2221
ad for audubon's birds of north america circa 1866
dutch map 1918
encyclopedia britannica map 1910
masterpieces and history of literature 1900
bulwer's novels 1880
college history notes 1934
mary wright book dedication 1866
the congressional globe 1852
bamboo notebook 1990s
Steel engraving from The National Encyclopedia 1884 - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge.
Published by William Mackenzie, London; 18 Vols. Brown gilt cloth boards 20cm x 17cm.
I found seven of the set of ten. I couldn't resist the covers and they've got some great illustrations inside.
Encyclopedia Brown is back with more fascinating facts and delightful details than ever before.
Can you guess on which day of the week more colds begin? Or what animals need 14 hours of sleep out of every 24? Did you know that the standard gold ball has 336 dimples? And that's only the beginning....
You'll find out that the average person walks 65,000 miles in a lifetime. Most of it to the refridgerator! Discover on which kinds of tests boys and girls do best and who receives more valentines than anyone else.
Weird and wonderful facts for the entire family!
Illustrated by Bruce Degen
November 1982 edition
• I have a copy of this book for sale here: shops.half.ebay.com/lovekittenmoon •