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Illustration from Dyke’s Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia 1928
Compiled by Dr. Andrew Lee Dyke, electrical engineer. Dr.Dyke founded the first US automobile spare parts business in 1899, manufactured a steam car called ‘The Dyke’ in 1899, and wrote a number of automotive books.
Published by Goodheart-Willcox Co, Chicago. Blue cloth boards 1250 pages 24.5cm x 17cm.
Tallinn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Small coat of arms of Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi) with a population of 412,144.[1] It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km (50 mi) south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Tallinn is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world.[2] Tallinn is a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with Turku, Finland.
Toponymy
[edit]Historical names
In 1154 a town called Qlwn[3] or Qalaven (possible derivations of Kalevan or Kolyvan)[4][5] was put on the world map of the Almoravid by cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi who described it as a small town like a large castle among the towns of Astlanda. It has been suggested that the Quwri in Astlanda may have denoted the predecessor town of today's Tallinn.[6][7]
The earliest names of Tallinn include Kolyvan (Russian: Колывань) known from East Slavic chronicles, the name possibly deriving from the Estonian mythical hero Kalev.[8][9]
Up to the 13th century the Scandinavians and Henry of Livonia in his chronicle called the town Lindanisa: Lyndanisse in Danish,[10][11][12] Lindanäs in Swedish, also mentioned as Ledenets in Old East Slavic. According to some theories the name derived from mythical Linda, the wife of Kalev and the mother of Kalevipoeg.[13] who in an Estonian legend carried rocks to her husband's grave that formed the Toompea hill.[14]
It has been also suggested that in the context the meaning of linda in the archaic Estonian language, that is similar to lidna in Votic, had the same meaning as linna or linn later on meaning a castle or town in English. According to the suggestion nisa would have had the same meaning as niemi (meaning peninsula in English) in an old Finnish form of the name Kesoniemi.[15]
Other than Kesoniemi known ancient historical names of Tallinn in Finnish include Rääveli. The Icelandic Njálssaga mentions Tallinn and calls it Rafala, which is a variant of the name Raphael.
After the Danish conquest in 1219 the town became known in the German, Swedish and Danish languages as Reval (Latin: Revalia). The name originated from (Latin) Revelia (Estonian) Revala or Rävala, the adjacent ancient name of the surrounding Estonian county.
[edit]Modern name
The old town
The origin of the name "Tallinn(a)" is certain to be Estonian, although the original meaning of the name is debated. It is usually thought to be derived from "Taani-linn(a)" (meaning "Danish-castle/town"; Latin: Castrum Danorum) after the Danes built the castle in place of the Estonian stronghold at Lindanisse. However, it could also have come from "tali-linna" ("winter-castle/town"), or "talu-linna" ("house/farmstead-castle/town"). The element -linna, like Germanic -burg and Slavic -grad / -gorod, originally meant "fortress" but is used as a suffix in the formation of town names.
The previously used official German name Reval (help·info) (Ревель) was replaced after Estonia became independent in 1918–1920. At first both forms Tallinna and Tallinn were used.[16] The United States Board on Geographic Names adopted the form Tallinn between June 1923 and June 1927.[17] The form Tallinna appearing in modern times in Estonian denotes the genitive case of the name, as in Tallinna Reisisadam (Port of Tallinn).
Other variations of modern spellings include Tallinna in Finnish and Та́ллин in Russian.
A form Tallin deriving from the Romanization of Russian spelling of the name Та́ллин [18] was also used internationally during the era Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union.
[edit]History
In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League – a mercantile and military alliance of German-dominated cities in Northern Europe. The Danes sold Tallinn along with their other land possessions in northern Estonia to the Teutonic Knights in 1346. Medieval Tallinn enjoyed a strategic position at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia. The city, with a population of 8,000, was very well fortified with city walls and 66 defence towers.
A weather vane, the figure of an old warrior called Old Thomas, was put on top of the spire of the Tallinn's Town Hall in 1530 that became the symbol for the city.
With the start of the Protestant Reformation the German influence became even stronger as the city was converted to Lutheranism. In 1561 Tallinn politically became a dominion of Sweden.
During the Great Northern War, Tallinn along with Swedish Estonia and Livonia capitulated to Imperial Russia in 1710, but the local self-government institutions (Magistracy of Reval and Chivalry of Estonia) retained their cultural and economical autonomy within Imperial Russia as the Duchy of Estonia. The Magistracy of Reval was abolished in 1889. The 19th century brought industrialization of the city and the port kept its importance. During the last decades of the century Russification measures became stronger.
The original Old Thomas (1530)
On 24 February 1918, the Independence Manifesto was proclaimed in Tallinn, followed by Imperial German occupation and a war of independence with Russia. On 2 February 1920, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed with Soviet Russia, wherein Russia acknowledged the independence of the Estonian Republic. Tallinn became the capital of an independent Estonia. After World War II started, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1940, and later occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941–44. After Nazi retreat in 1944, it was occupied by the USSR again as part of the Communist International crusade when Socialism was forcibly imposed on the local population. After annexation into the Soviet Union, Tallinn became the capital of the Estonian SSR.
During the 1980 Summer Olympics, the sailing (then known as yachting) events were held at Pirita, north-east of central Tallinn. Many buildings, such as the "Olümpia" hotel, the new Main Post Office building, and the Regatta Center, were built for the Olympics.
Tallinn on an 1890s photochrom
In August 1991 an independent democratic Estonian state was re-established and a period of quick development to a modern European capital ensued. Tallinn became the capital of a de facto independent country once again on August 20, 1991.
Tallinn has historically consisted of three parts:
The Toompea (Domberg) or "Cathedral Hill", which was the seat of the central authority: first the Danish captains, then the komturs of the Teutonic Order, and Swedish and Russian governors. It was until 1877 a separate town (Dom zu Reval), the residence of the aristocracy; it is today the seat of the Estonian government and many embassies and residencies.
The Old Town, which is the old Hanseatic town, the "city of the citizens", was not administratively united with Cathedral Hill until the late 19th century. It was the centre of the medieval trade on which it grew prosperous.
The Estonian town forms a crescent to the south of the Old Town, where the Estonians came to settle. It was not until the mid-19th century that ethnic Estonians replaced the local Baltic Germans as the majority amongst the residents of Tallinn.
Historically, the city has been attacked, sacked, razed and pillaged on numerous occasions. Although extensively bombed by Soviet air forces during the latter stages of World War II, much of the medieval Old Town still retains its charm. The Tallinn Old Town (including Toompea) became a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 1997.
At the end of the 15th century a new 159 m (521.65 ft) high Gothic spire was built for St. Olaf's Church. Between 1549 and 1625 it was the tallest church in the world. After several fires and following rebuilding, its overall height is now 123 m (403.54 ft).
What car is that ?
pages 4 and 5 from
Car encyclopedia for the youth.
Eat butter and collect car(d)s...
1950s, Holland
[UP15651]
Chambers’s Encyclopaedia - a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People. (1868).
Illustrated with Maps and numerous Wood Engravings..
Published by W. And R. Chambers, London. Half leather bound, 10 Vols total 8400 pages, 18cm x 26cm.
Chambers’s Encyclopaedia - a Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People. (1868).
Illustrated with Maps and numerous Wood Engravings..
Published by W. And R. Chambers, London. Half leather bound, 10 Vols total 8400 pages, 18cm x 26cm.
REF HQ 16.E52 2007 V.1-4
The variety of entries and the breadth of subjects treated in this encyclopedia are two of the many notable features of the work. Readers will find highly readable and well-written articles on body parts, the biology of sex, ancient cultures, mass media, diseases, film, gender roles, literature, religion, reproduction, sex practices, and sexual preferences. This list represents but a few of the 33 broad themes presented in the “Thematic Outline” and covered within these pages. Coverage within each theme is consistently broad. Under “Commerce and Crime,” for example, are entries on Call girls, Courtesans, Date rape drugs, Rent boys, Sex crimes, Sex toys, Sex tourism, and Trannie whore, to name just a few. Under “Politics” there are entries for, among others, Colonialism, Domestic violence, Ecofeminism, Espionage, Fascism, Lewinsky affair, and Marie Antoinette. The alphabetic arrangement of the encyclopedia—along with a cumulative, nearly 100-page index; a thematic outline; and cross-references—facilitates access to more than 730 entries written by contributors from 19 countries and reviewed by an editorial board of their peers.
Balat (IsIstanbul
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul,_Turkey
Toponymy
Main article: Names of Istanbul
Byzantium (Greek: Βυζάντιον, Byzántion) is the first known name of the city. Around 660 BC,[note 1] Greek settlers from the city-state of Megara founded a Doric colony on the present-day Istanbul, and named the new colony after their king, Byzas.[12] After Constantine I (Constantine the Great) made the city the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD, the city became widely known as Constantinopolis or Constantinople, which, as the Latinised form of "Κωνσταντινούπολις" (Kōnstantinoúpolis), means the "City of Constantine".[13] He also attempted to promote the name Nea Roma ("New Rome"), but this never caught on.[14] Constantinople remained the official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and the most common name used for it in the West until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
By the 19th century, the city had acquired a number of names used by either foreigners or Turks. Europeans often used Stamboul alongside Constantinople to refer to the whole of the city, but Turks used the former name only to describe the historic peninsula between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara. Pera was used to describe the area between the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus, but Turks also used the name Beyoğlu, which is still in use today.[15] However, with the Turkish Postal Service Law of 28 March 1930, the Turkish authorities formally requested foreigners to adopt İstanbul, a name in existence since the 10th century,[16] as the sole name of the city within their own languages.[17]
Etymologically, the name "İstanbul" (Turkish pronunciation: [isˈtanbuɫ], colloquially [ɯsˈtambuɫ]) derives from the Medieval Greek phrase "εἰς τὴν Πόλιν" [is tin ˈpolin] or, in the Aegean dialect, "εἰς τὰν Πόλιν" [is tan ˈpolin] (Modern Greek "στην Πόλη" [stin ˈpoli]), which means "in the city" or "to the city".[13][16] In modern Turkish, the name is written "İstanbul", with a dotted İ, as the Turkish alphabet distinguishes between a dotted and dotless I. Also, while in English the stress is on the first syllable ("Is"), in Turkish it is on the second syllable ("tan"). Like Rome, Istanbul has been called "The City of Seven Hills" because the oldest part of the city is supposedly built on seven hills, each of which bears a historic mosque.[18]
History
First settlements
Main article: Byzantium
Byzantine remains of a column found at Byzantium's acropolis, located today within the Topkapı Palace complex.
Recent construction of the Marmaray tunnel unearthed a Neolithic settlement underneath Yenikapı on Istanbul's peninsula. Dating back to the 7th millennium BC, before the Bosphorus was even formed, the discovery indicated that the peninsula was settled thousands of years earlier than previously thought.[19] Thracian tribes established two settlements—Lygos and Semistra—on the Sarayburnu, near where Topkapı Palace now stands, between the 13th and 11th centuries BC. On the Asian side, artifacts have been found in Fikirtepe (present-day Kadıköy) that date back to the Chalcolithic period.[20] The same location was the site of a Phoenician trading post at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC as well as the town of Chalcedon, which was established by Greek settlers from Megara in 685 BC.[10]
However, the history of Istanbul generally begins around 660 BC,[note 1] when the settlers from Megara, under the command of King Byzas, established Byzantion (Latinised as Byzantium) on the European side of the Bosphorus. By the end of the century, an acropolis was established at the former locations of Lygos and Semistra, on the Sarayburnu.[12] The city experienced a brief period of Persian rule at the turn of the 5th century BC, but the Greeks recaptured it during the Greco-Persian Wars.[21] Byzantium then continued as part of the Athenian League and its successor, the Second Athenian Empire, before ultimately gaining independence in 355 BC.[22] Long protected by the Roman Republic, Byzantium officially became a part of the Roman Empire in AD 73.
Byzantium's decision to side with the usurper Pescennius Niger against Roman Emperor Septimus Severus cost it dearly; by the time it surrendered at the end of 195, two years of siege had left the city devastated.[23] Still, five years later, Severus began to rebuild Byzantium, and the city regained—and, by some accounts, surpassed—its previous prosperity.[24]
Rise and fall of Constantinople
Main article: Constantinople
Further information: Fall of Constantinople
Created in 1422 by Cristoforo Buondelmonti, this is the oldest surviving map of Constantinople and the only one that predates the Ottoman conquest.
When Constantine I defeated Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis in September 324, he effectively became the emperor of the whole of the Roman Empire.[25] Just two months later, Constantine laid out the plans for a new, Christian city to replace Byzantium. Intended to replace Nicomedia as the eastern capital of the empire, the city was named Nea Roma (New Rome); however, most simply called it Constantinople ("the city of Constantine"), a name that persisted into the 20th century.[26] Six years later, on 11 May 330, Constantinople was proclaimed the capital of an empire that eventually became known as the Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire.[27]
The establishment of Constantinople served as one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward and becoming a center of Greek culture and Christianity.[27][28] Numerous churches were built across the city, including the Hagia Sofia, which remained the world's largest cathedral for a thousand years.[29] The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople developed in the city, and its leader is still one of the foremost figures in the Greek Orthodox Church. Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east as well as from the advance of Islam.[28] During most of the Middle Ages and the latter part of the Byzantine period, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in the western world.[30]
The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 signaled the end of the Byzantine Empire.
Constantinople began to decline after the Fourth Crusade, during which it was sacked and pillaged.[32] The city subsequently became the center of the Latin Empire, created by Catholic crusaders to replace the Orthodox Byzantine Empire, which was divided into splinter states.[33] However, the Latin Empire was short-lived, and the Byzantine Empire was restored, weakened, in 1261.[34] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[35] and its population had dwindled to forty thousand from nearly half a million during the 9th century.[36][37]
Various economic and military policies instituted by Andronikos II, such as the reduction of forces, weakened the empire and left it more vulnerable to attack.[38] In the mid-14th century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy by which they took smaller towns and cities over time, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly.[39] Finally, on 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman Emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.[40][41] Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sofia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque.[42]
LEGO will now be releasing a new Character Encyclopedia and this time for the Harry Potter Theme.
Read Full Article: www.groovebricks.com/?p=4064
-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-Groove Bricks-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-
Website: www.groovebricks.com
Twitter: www.twitter.com/#!/groovebricks
Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/groovebricks/
YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/groovebricks
Engraving of mechanical devices from the first edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, or Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences, founded in 1768 and printed in 1771. 3 Volumes, this is Volume 3.
The largest encyclopedia of general knowledge published to date, with contributions by leaders in their fields.
Printed for Bell and Macfarquhar, Edinburgh. Original half leather binding, 970 pages this volume. 26cm x 21cm.
amzn.to/2LAO6Mu get more pages on my website. also please feel free to download images and share and please do because flickr limits free accounts to 1000 images so I will have to start deleting old images before uploading more
Illustration from Dyke’s Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia 1928
Compiled by Dr. Andrew Lee Dyke, electrical engineer. Dr.Dyke founded the first US automobile spare parts business in 1899, manufactured a steam car called ‘The Dyke’ in 1899, and wrote a number of automotive books.
Published by Goodheart-Willcox Co, Chicago. Blue cloth boards 1250 pages 24.5cm x 17cm.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heceta Head Light HecetaHeadLightOR.jpg
View of Heceta Head Light showing Heceta Head
Heceta Head Light is located in Oregon
Heceta Head Light
Location Heceta Head, Florence, Oregon
Coordinates 44.13737°N 124.127835°WCoordinates: 44.13737°N 124.127835°W
Year first constructed 1892
Year first lit 1894
Automated 1963
Foundation Natural/emplaced
Construction Brick/stuccoed
Tower shape Conical attached to workroom
Height 56 feet (17 m)
Original lens First order Fresnel lens
Range 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi)
Characteristic
Flash white, 10 seconds
Heceta Head Lighthouse and Keepers Quarters
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Nearest city Florence, Oregon
Area 3.5 acres (1.4 ha)
Governing body Federal
NRHP Reference # 78002296[1]
Added to NRHP November 28, 1978
Heceta Head Light is a lighthouse located on the Oregon Coast 13 miles (21 km) north of Florence, Oregon, and 13 miles (21 km) south of Yachats, Oregon, United States. It is located at Heceta Head Lighthouse State Scenic Viewpoint (a state park) midway up a 205-foot-tall (62 m) headland. Built in 1894, the 56-foot (17 m)-tall lighthouse shines a beam visible for 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi), making it the strongest light on the Oregon Coast.[2]
The light is maintained by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, while the assistant lighthouse keepers' house, operated as a bed and breakfast, is maintained by the U.S. Forest Service. The lighthouse is 2 miles (3.2 km) away from Sea Lion Caves.
Contents
1 History and construction
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
History and construction
A closeup of the Heceta Head Light tower.
Heceta Head is named after the Spanish explorer Bruno de Heceta, who explored the Pacific Northwest during the late 18th century. Before him, Heceta Head was a spot of frequent fishing and hunting by the Native American tribes that populated the area. Heceta Head is part of the Siuslaw Indians' traditional lands, known in their language as ɫtúwɪs.[3] They hunted sea lions in the area and gathered sea bird eggs from the offshore rocks.[4] It was also the site of a legend - the Animal People built a great stone wall, which is now the cliffs, and tricked the Grizzly Bear brothers to their deaths there.[5][6] In 1888, white settlers moved into the area and claimed 164 acres (66 ha) of the surrounding land. That same year, the U.S. Lighthouse Service approved the building of the lighthouse, and the government bought 19 acres (7.7 ha), out of the 164 acres (66 ha) previously purchased, for the lighthouse structures.[7]
Restoring the lighthouse, February 2012
The Heceta Head Lighthouse closed to the public in August 2011 for restoration and repairs. Under the supervision of OPRD preservation architect Sue Licht, a team of more than 100 subcontractors and craftspeople, the majority of whom were from Oregon, removed cement stucco that had sealed in moisture so that the lighthouse could air out in the damp coastal environment. They also replaced and restored the tower’s historic metalwork and masonry, installed new windows, and repaired the lens rotating mechanism. The interior and exterior of the lighthouse were repainted and the original wood floor of the workroom was uncovered and reconditioned. The lighthouse has been returned as much as possible to the way it would have looked in 1894. It was open again after two years on June 8, 2013, when the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department welcomed a group of nearly 100 supporters to Heceta Head State Scenic Viewpoint to celebrate the reopening.
The lightkeepers' houses, circa 1900. The house on the left was razed in 1940.
Aerial view, 1954
In 1892, a crew of 56 began construction the light. Because of the site's seclusion, building materials were either shipped in if the weather and tide permitted, or brought from Florence by wagon, the latter usually taking four or five hours. Stones were brought from the Clackamas River and bricks came from San Francisco. Completed in August 1893, the entire project cost $80,000[7] and consisted of:
The lighthouse
Houses for the head lightkeeper, the two assistant lightkeepers and their families
A barn
Two kerosene oil storage buildings — if one caught on fire, there was a secondary source
Heceta Head Light and Keepers Quarters was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 for its architectural and engineering significance.[8] The site originally included several other buildings—farm buildings and the single-family head lighthouse keeper's house, which was demolished in 1940, and was very similar in size and design to the remaining house. Due to electrification the head lighthouse keeper was no longer needed, and the house was bought for $10 and dismantled for its lumber, which was used to build Alpha Bit bookstore-cafe in Mapleton, which still stands today. The remaining keepers' house was a duplex that housed the first and second assistant lighthouse keepers and their families. After the light was automated in 1963, the last keepers moved away, and the remaining house was leased to Lane Community College in 1970 by the U.S. Forest Service, which had taken over management of the building. The porch of the Queen Anne-style house underwent restoration in 1981.[9] for more: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heceta_Head_Light
This book shelf of encyclopedias in a partially burnt down/abandoned dormitory in Tokyo, at first glance, looks relatively normal. Until you look a little bit closer and realize the white spots are mold. What was once the providers of knowledge is now nothing more than spore food.
Crampton's Revolving Puddling Furnace for steel making.
Engraved plate from The Encyclopaedia Britannica - 9th edition - 1876-1889.
The 9th edition was revised and enlarged to 24 volumes -, with articles from over 2000 eminent contributors.
Published by Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, for The Times Publications of London. 24 volumes red half leather, gilt spines and marbled endpapers and edges. About 20,000 pages 28cm x 22cm.
Engraving from The Encyclopaedia Britannica - 9th edition - 1876-1889.
Published by Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, for The Times Publications of London. 24 volumes red half leather, gilt spines and marbled endpapers and edges. About 20,000 pages 28cm x 22cm. .
Engraving from The Encyclopaedia Britannica - 9th edition - 1876-1889.
Published by Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, for The Times Publications of London. 24 volumes red half leather, gilt spines and marbled endpapers and edges. About 20,000 pages 28cm x 22cm. .
Broek in Waterland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Broek in Waterland is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland with about 2350 inhabitants. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and is situated about 8 km south of Purmerend and 8 km northeast of Amsterdam. In the 17th and 18th century, the town was a popular residence for merchants and seafarers from Amsterdam. Due to its monument status, much of its rich history has been preserved.
Many of the houses in the village date back to before 1850. Before 1940 there had been only limited housing development. This meant that many houses were divided to accommodate several families under the same roof.
In the past the town was famous for its cleanliness. Many 17th and 18th century travelbooks of foreign travellers mentioned the cleanliness and tidyness of the village.
The extreme cleanliness of Broek in Waterland led French visitors in the first half of the eighteenth century to dub this dairying village "le temple de la propreté hollandaise".[1]
The church of Broek in Waterland was built before 1400 and was dedicated to Saint Nicolas. On September 26, 1573 the church was razed to the ground by Spaniards during the Eighty Years' War. In 1628 the inhabitants of Broek in Waterland started to rebuild the church on the foundations of the old building. The sermon chair of the church, was donated to the church in 1685 by a wealthy couple, who were married there in 1641. It is made of ebony, rosewood and pallisander wood, which give it a dark colour and delicate texture. The church organ was built in 1832 by Wander Beekes. The church was extensively renovated in 1989. During this renovation, the original ceiling frescoes of cherubs and fruit guirlandes were rediscovered under old layers of paint.
Broek in Waterland was a separate municipality until 1991, when it was merged with Waterland.
-----
Broek in Waterland is een dorp in de gemeente Waterland, ten noorden van Amsterdam. Tot 1991 was Broek in Waterland een zelfstandige gemeente met de kernen Uitdam en Zuiderwoude. Broek in Waterland telt circa 2300 inwoners. Het dorp heeft een beschermd dorpsgezicht.
Sommige van de houten huizen, vaak geschilderd in pasteltinten, en versierd met een deurkalf, hebben een ceremoniële voordeur, die werd gebruikt bij bruiloften of begrafenissen. Een van de huizen, altijd bestaande uit een houten constructie, vanwege de slappe ondergrond, is ontworpen door Hendrick de Keyser. Het dorp stond in de 18e eeuw bekend om zijn schoonheid, letterlijk en figuurlijk. Keizer Jozef II kwam in 1781 langs, maar werd niet binnengelaten omdat de boerin geen tijd had. Ook Napoleon bracht in 1811 een bezoek aan het dorp en genoot van het pagode-achtige prieel.
De plaats telt tientallen rijksmonumenten. Het oudste gebouw van het dorp is de hervormde Sint-Nicolaaskerk, die uit de 14e eeuw stamt. Nadat hij door de Spanjaarden in 1573 in brand was gestoken, werd hij in 1628 op de oude fundamenten weer opgebouwd. Een deel van het interieur stamt nog uit de zeventiende eeuw. Er liggen 273 grafstenen in de kerk, waaronder die van de bekende Neeltje Pater, aandeelhoudster van de VOC. In 1832 werd er een orgel in gebouwd, door de Utrechtse orgelbouwer Wander Beekes.
Illustration from Dyke’s Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia 1928
Compiled by Dr. Andrew Lee Dyke, electrical engineer. Dr.Dyke founded the first US automobile spare parts business in 1899, manufactured a steam car called ‘The Dyke’ in 1899, and wrote a number of automotive books.
Published by Goodheart-Willcox Co, Chicago. Blue cloth boards 1250 pages 24.5cm x 17cm.
The book had this old newspaper cutting in it when I got it with adverts from people looking for Laundrymaids and from Laundrymaids looking for work.
Engraving from The Encyclopaedia Britannica - 9th edition - 1876-1889.
Published by Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, for The Times Publications of London. 24 volumes red half leather, gilt spines and marbled endpapers and edges. About 20,000 pages 28cm x 22cm. .
Inspired by my old favorite, the Pirate Encyclopedia. Tweeple, Tweets, Twaffic, everything in the Twitterverse starts with a T.
The Fail Whale made me do it.
I found this the week Encyclopedia Britannica announced they're no longer making a print edition. Note Lucille Ball in the ad, and "Your Key to the Future." I think my family's last set was from 1986.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roman Theatre of Aspendos
View of the Roman Theatre of Aspendos in 2011
Roman Theatre of Aspendos is located in TurkeyRoman Theatre of Aspendos
Shown within Turkey
LocationAspendos, Turkey
Coordinates36°56′20″N 31°10′20″E
TypeRoman theatre
Width96 metres (315 ft)
History
BuilderZenon
Founded161 a.D - 180 a.D
AbandonedNo
PeriodsAncient Rome
CulturesRoman
Site notes
ConditionAlmost intact
Public accessYes
The Roman theater of Aspendos is a Roman theater in the ancient city of Aspendos in Turkey. It was built in the 2nd century and is one of the best preserved ancient theaters of the Greco-Roman world.[1]
Description
With a diameter of 96 metres (315 ft), the theatre provided seating for 7,000/13,000 people. The theatre was built in 155 AD by the Greek architect Zenon, a native of the city, during the rule of Marcus Aurelius. It was periodically repaired by the Seljuks, who used it as a caravansary, and in the 13th century the stage building was converted into a palace by the Seljuks of Rum. Technically the structure is a theatre not an amphitheatre, the latter being fully round or oval shaped.
History
The theater was built during the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180). An inscription lists the brothers Curtius Crispinus and Curtius Auspicatus as commissioners and Zenon as architect. The cavea is partly built against the slope of the hill, which provides a natural foundation. The rest of the stand rests on stone arcades. The cavea has 41 rows of benches, providing seating for 12,000 spectators. The stage wall is completely intact, only the original eight-meter-deep wooden ceiling has disappeared. Around the theater, 58 holes have been found where there used to be poles, which could be used to stretch a large velarium over the grandstand to protect the spectators from the sun.[2]
In the 13th century, the stage building was converted into a palace for the Seljuks.
In modern times, the theater has been restored to its original state. It is an important tourist attraction for the region. In spring and summer, opera and ballet performances are held there.