View allAll Photos Tagged eidi
Eidi - MNF Celine Moe Tan
Follow us in facebook: www.facebook.com/aniredadolls
*This photo is property of "Anireda Dolls". All rights reserved.
Bugün 23 Nisan. Unutma bende bir insan, hani geleceğine karar vermeye çalıştığın. Ne öğreneceğime, neyi yapacağıma kendi şartlarına göre kararlar verdiğin sonra hayallerin boş çıkınca yıkıldığın, robot yerine koyduğun varlık. Sen babasın, annesin ama sahibim değilsin. Normal şartlarda en çok 15-20 sene yakın çevrende görebileceğin sonra senden uzaklaşacak, elinden alınacak bir varlığım ben. Kıymetimi ben gittikten sonra anlıyorsun, ardımdan ağlıyorsun, fakat bugün bana kendine güven ver, şahsiyetli olmayı öğret, hiç bir şey için yalan söylememeyi, hatalarımın sonuçlarına karşı cesur olmayı, dik durabilmeyi öğret. Üç tane günü kurtarmayı marifet sanan korkağın peşinde başkasının kulu, kölesi olmamayı öğret. Bana özgürce, kendime güvenle gezebileceğim, öyle sevebileceğim ki kaybetme tehlikesine karşı canımı feda edebileceğim bir vatan bırak. Sana dua edeyim.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün bıraktığı vatanımı bir sürü ne idüğü belirsiz yabancı ile doldurma. Bugün 23 Nisan öyle çocuk bayramın kutlu olsun diye mesaj yazıp gelecekte senden hesap sormamdan kurtulamayacağını bil. Bugün aynı zamanda Ulusal Egemenlik bayramı. Mustafa Kemal beni sadece düşmandan kurtarmadı, padişah dediğin insana, kul olmaktan da kurtardı, Başka insana kul olma dedi. Allah'tan başkasına baş eğme dedi. Egemenlik Kayıtsız Şartsız Milletindir dedi. Seçeceğin falanca efendinindir demedi. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'ni kurdu ve gelecek kuşaklara emanet ederken de bu vatana sahip çıkan herkese TÜRK dedi. Vatandaşı olmakla iftihar eden her insan için de NE MUTLU TÜRKÜM DİYENE dedi. Hala umudum var senden. Benim sevincimi kursağımda bırakma. Sonra arkandan dua etmek bile aklıma gelmeyecek vatanımı birilerine peşkeş çekersen, çekmeye çalışanlara engel olmazsan.
Bugün mutluyum, kaygısızım Yaşasın Bayramımız.
Nikon D300S + Tamron SP BBAR Adaptall-2 90mm F:2.5 Model 52B@5,6
Manchester certainly provided some beautiful snaps during my last visit in late-February, with a single runway still currently in use this meant some quite stunning rotations from Runway 23R, added by the glow from the rising sunshine.
For Jet2, the carrier has weathered the storm; after initially suspending operations during the second quarter of 2020 and first half of 2021; the carrier has returned back to normal commercial operations and changes are expected in the next couple of years. Despite the carrier having ordered 36 Airbus A321neos, Jet2 continued to take on second-hand Boeing 737-800s; these have unsurprisingly nearly eliminated the Boeing 737-300s, which have been the back-bone to Jet2's fleet since the carrier's inception.
In regards to the Boeing 737-800 fleet, the number carrying the Jet2 Holidays livery stands at 38, making up half of the fleet with 38 also carrying the carrier's standard silver and red livery. A recent acquisition from FlyDubai will take the number in the fleet to 77 and is currently in the process of being configured and repainted prior to entry into service.
Currently, Jet2 operates 84 Boeing 737s, which includes 7 Boeing 737-300s and 77 Boeing 737-800s.
Delta Romeo Tango Bravo is one of 77 Boeing 737-800s operated by Jet2, delivered new to Futura on lease from GECAS as EC-HHH on 20th December 1999, re-registered to EI-DIS on 5th April 2005 following a period on lease to Ryan International Airlines on 10th December 2004. The aircraft was withdrawn shortly after from Futura and was later transferred to Air Sahara as VT-SJF on lease from BBAM on 25th April 2005, going over to JetLite on 20th April 2007. Once again, was withdrawn on 10th March 2012 and later delivered to Russian, Transaero Airlines as EI-RUG on lease from VTB Leasing on 17th May 2012, withdrawn on 21st October 2015 following the carrier ceasing operations. The airframe found a new home with Jet2 being acquired outright on 23rd June 2017 with blended winglets added by July 2019. She is powered by 2 CFM International CFM56-7B26 engines.
Boeing 737-86N(WL) G-DRTB lifts off from Runway 23R at Manchester (MAN) on LS763 to Lanzarote-César Manrique (ACE).
More photos from my trip to the Faroe in October. These from near the town of Eidi at the northwest tip of Eysturoy.
Today it is Eid ul-Fitr, a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan and the first day of Shawwal.
Eid is an Arabic word meaning "festivity", while Fitr means "to break fast"; and so the holiday symbolizes the breaking of the fasting period.
In India the night before Eid is called Chand Raat, which means, night of the moon.
During Eid, the traditional greeting is Eid Mubarak (Urdu: عید مُبارک ) which means "blessed festival", and frequently also includes a formal embrace.
Women and young girls paint each others' hands with traditional "henna" and wear colourful bangles.
Gifts are frequently given mostly new clothes and it is also common for children to be given small sums of money (Eidi) by their elders.
After the Eid prayers, families visit graveyards and pray for the salvation of departed family members.
It is the time for special celebratory dishes like sivayyan, a dish of fine, toasted sweet vermicelli noodles with milk & dried fruit.
Some people also avail themselves of this opportunity to distribute Zakat, the Islamic obligatory alms tax on one's wealth, to the needy.
There is a lot of excitement in the celebration of this festival.
Eid is a public holiday and is celebrated all over India.
Even non-Muslims visit their Muslim friends on this occasion, to convey their good wishes.
This picture was shot at Ahilyabai ghat along the Ganges in Varanasi (Benaras).
Those Muslim ladies must belong to the same family, they came with a few children at the end of a summer afternoon in order to find some freshness on the river.
“Eid Mubarak” to everyone.
Join the photographer at www.facebook.com/laurent.goldstein.photography
© All photographs are copyrighted and all rights reserved.
Please do not use any photographs without permission (even for private use).
The use of any work without consent of the artist is PROHIBITED and will lead automatically to consequences.
Eid ul Azha Mubarak to everyone whether they celebrated today or tomorrow. May Allah brings this joyous day more blessings for the humanity. And may all the muslims sacrificing in Allah's way today spends some time towards understanding the real lesson this sacrifice teaches us.
Eid Mubarak :)
| On Getty |
| Facebook |
.
Syria though Ages
it seems that, since hundred thousands years ago, people were eager to settle at the Euphrates banks the Assi (orantes) river valley in Syria, and among gardens of pines and oaks. The people from the first stone ages – such as Chilean & Ashouli period – have resided at the area where some very old tools such as scraper, manual axes and Clint stone plates have been fund out.
Moving to the Mesolithic (medium Stone Age) and Neolithic (modern stone age), we surly see in this area - Euphrates area in Syria --- the oldest population settlement and residency have ever found. This has been really discovered while having protected the ruins and antiquities available at the Euphrates dam site.
The scientific mission at Tall Mrebet site, located at Euphrates river, west to Tabaqa (presently Thawra) city, have discovered a location in which human resided since eleven thousand years ago, which in turn considers to be the oldest stable residency known up to day. That human used to live in circle big rooms made out of mud, wood along with some stone, where we find that the ceilings or covers of these rooms used to be made out of branches or the animal leathers.
At Tall Abu Hurira, not too far from Tall Mrebet, antiquities have been found out there belonging to the same age, the nineth C BC. But those immigrants coming from Euphrates site or those original people have not in their minds that they are going to build up at the Euphrates banks location, presently called Tall Hariri, 100 km west of al-Bokamal county, a very big civilization belonging to the third Millennium BC. Ascribed to Mary city.
In 1933, just for the our fair luck, through excavations still in progress, this important site is still on up to day; as a matter of fact, this site indicated out various levels, layers and premises. Many thousands of muddy inscriptions tablets have enriched our knowledge about the ancient history of this area and indicated that the Euphrates regions, as well as Egypt used to have the ancient civilization and population settlement in the world.
Mary used to occupy the prominent place in history of Euphrates regions. In 1935 a palace belonging to the 02nd Millennium BC, has been discovered under which in 1964 another palace belonging to the Pre- Sargon reign (which means from 2700 – 2350 BC)
Another layer again has been discovered belonging to Ninava the 5th, which means fourth Millennium BC.
Out of the pre– Sargon age, Shamash, Dagan, Ashtar and Ninni Zaza temples have been discovered there.
At the second period, the big palace of the city which has been fully destroyed after a sweeping war launched by Hammorabi in 1750 BC. has been discovered. At that time, Hamorabi, has destroyed his enemy Zimiri Lim, the king of Mary. Flourish and importance distinguished city reached up at the age of that king has no more existed .
From this big palace, Zimiri Lim, used to control big part of the Middle East, and at the same time, the destiny of many people were used to be in his hand up to be occupied by Babylon army.
Upon excavation, more than twenty thousand inscriptions and slabs written in cuneiform style and Akkadian languages, have been found out along with other various statues made out of mud and stone; one of them is a splendid statue representing the beautiful female-singer Urnina of the temple Ninni Zaza, Lamji Mary statue, statue of the fortune-teller, Ashtar statue, the calf Statue and Eidi Naroum, Eiko Shamagan statue the flour miller which has founded at Ashtar temple.
The most two important and greatest findings of Zimri Lim belonging to the 2nd Millennium BC, have been the statue of The Goddess of spring, and the statue of Eshtob Eilom, along with head cut-off statue of Eidi Eilom
At the court-yard, remaining of a colorful wall-paint decorated portraying a festival scene, with King Zimri Lim standing worshipfully in front of goddess of war Ashtar, which was in her costumes erected on her lion-symbol; with other views we may see the Springs goddess and Palms goddess.
During 1975 , a significant discovery of cultural historical importance existed at Tall Merdikh, surely it is the discovery of Ebla City. Two rooms containing 17 000 of clay-documentary inscriptions were found in one of the meeting halls of the royal palace third Millennium BC- of Ebla, the biggest and most ancient city in the world.
These inscriptions, which carried original texts written in Amorit, Canaanite, and Sumerian old Syrian languages, were filed on wooden shelves as exactly as any modern library nowadays.
The initial reading showed that these clay-documents were the lists of Ebla's old trades, royal laws, official reports to the king of Ebla about military battles, lists of taxes paid by subjugated cities, and treaties with other great states. In addition to these documents, many lingual texts were found, between which the oldest multi-languages dictionaries that gave a series of Sumerian words (the language of the southern Mesopotamia), and Canaanite words ( the Syrian language at that time). At the same archive, there were found a lot of literary and religious texts about the Sumerian epics and myths. The famous epic of Gilgamesh was one of them.
In 1929, Ugarit city was discovered in Ras Shamra, a location to the north of Lattakia which was the greatest sea-port on the Mediterranean during second Millennium BC. That was when a farmer picked up a rock from over the soil while cultivating his land, and found that the rock was hiding a pass ending with a tomb. The scientists received the news. Cloude Schiffer took over the excavation process which is still going on nowadays under his successors supervision.
The most important discoveries, belonging to the primal culture of Ugarit, were the incomparable Royal Palace, and the primal regulated city. Next to the Palace, there was the temple of the gods Baal and Dagan, the most important Canaanite gods at that time. There had been found too in Ugarit a lot of clay- inscriptions or boards carrying texts written in the language of that area, specifically, the Akkadian language. However, the greatest clay-board was the one engraved alphabet.
This alphabet was consisted of 30 letters arranged in the order of our current alphabets. The significance of this alphabet was not shown clearly till it was written on bulrush leaves. The letters were transformed into a softened form similar to that of Ahiram Alphabet at Jbeil which was the fundamental basis of the Semites and Latin alphabet.
In Damascus, there are still antiques from the Aramaic and Roman ages. The long street, the city gateway, the rampart, and the vestiges of Jupiter the Damascen temple are still standing as reminders of the city glorious ages. Still Saint Ananias Church together with St, Paul Gate are both Christian ancient landmarks; while mosques, schools, khans, and alms-houses are all Islamic landmarks still intact featuring all-around the city.
Septim Sever, a Qurtaj leader from Libya, speaking Phoenician language, had married Julia Domna from Homs City. Septim became an emperor, and his retinue did move from Homs to Rome. This helped the Syrian influence to appear clearly on governance and culture to the extent that Roman poet called Juvinal said:" al-Assi river is now pouring in al Tiber river.
At that time, Palmyra won much of the care of Rome. In Karkalla reign 212-217, it was called a Roman colony, ie. it was parallel to Rome, having no taxes to be paid.
Palmyra reached its ultimate glories during 2nd and 3rd C, extended to Anatolia, Cham regions, and Egypt. It was a huge city with glory-witness establishments still standing nowadays. The ever grand temple of Baal might be absolute evidence on the advancement and dominance of the city. Also, the straight street with its stores, forum, tetrapylon, and theatre, in addition to the huge rampart with the graves and sepulchers beyond constitute have been other evidences of the city’s economical and social high class prosperity.
Scarcely after Severus reign had ended, Philip the Arabic, borne in Shahba, was proclaimed as a Syrian Emperor of Rome. This helped again this country to attain some sympathy and awareness, and this was clearly evident with building Shahba (Philipopolis) and sustaining Bosra. We can still see today in Shahba the old stone-streets, stores, khans, canals, amphitheatre, temples, and Philip’s tomb in which he was not entombed!
top
Bosra is another glorious city. It was the homeland for Arabs, specifically, Nabatean. It was, since 106, an important Roman city. During Alexander Sever reign, it was given the tile “ Mother`s Cities”Metropolis, and it became one significant post characterized by the tremendous architecture and construction. Its being a mercantile center was the reason behind its continuous flourish. The amphitheatre is all what was left in Bosra since the 2nd century. It is the only perfect theatre in the world since it still keeps its original parts after an Islamic citadel was built on it.
The amphitheatre was built of stone with a diameter of 102 m, consisted of 37 stairs adequate for an audience of 15 thousand spectators. The over buildings were removed to make it a place for visitors and huge festivals. The underneath marketplace was discovered (the Criptoporticus), which was an arcade under the ground of 106 m length. This arcade was lightened by 44 windows over decorative niches. The forum, baths, colonnade street, and arch of triumph were also discovered.
Apamea, the second capital city of Seleucid people , became after 60 BC a Roman urban with a magnificent extraordinary view.
The ancient Syrian inhabitants, Arabian Aramaic, embraced Christianity with full modesty. Arabian Monzers and Ghassans embraced this religion too; they built churches and monasteries for it.
like Bosra & Izraa appeared, and their ruins are still existed.
Rasafa was a Roman watch way, protecting the convoy between Damascus & Palmyra, and watching the Persians army movements. In the year 300, this city embraced the body of St Sergio, who was named saint after being killed during Diocletian's reign, then the city carried the name Sergio-polis. Within its ramparts there are still the ruins of three churches, Cathedral St Sergio and Martyrs Church is the hugest.
Since the fifth century and after Christianity was settled as the main religion of the Syrian inhabitants, a new phenomenon was known ,which is hermitage”. Monks were to sanctum in their hermitages, on mountains tops, in caves, or over bollards, and this was the case with St Simeon the Baptist, who lived on a platform atop a column for more than 37 years.
However, the Islamic era in the history of Syria is the longest and most important era ever. Umayyad Mosque will continue to be the most perfect and ancient Islamic eternity, which is an everlasting evidence on the significance of Damascus as the first Islamic capital for the greatest Islamic state, or to say Khilafa in the history.
The mosque design laid-out the foundation of the Islamic mosques in
general. The mosaic wall panels reminded of the Muslims’ dreams about Heaven and Paradise.
The time and age of Hisham Ibn Abdul Malik (724-743) was the time of a major architectural flourish. He installed many monuments in Cham like Rasafa Palace, Eastern Heir Palace, Western Heir Palace to the south of Palmyra. They were of the admirable early Islamic architecture, which used its decoration from Sasanean and Byzantine arts. But, of course, they figured a new form which was indicated and considered the beginning of the Islamic Art.
Historians reported about two palaces of Hisham, one at al-Raqqa and al-Mofajjar palace and other ones in Palestine & Jordan.
Moving through the later Islamic ages, Aleppo citadel – being continued an Islamic pride on citadels. During the Ayyubids age, King al-Zaher Ghazi Ibn Salah Din established some other sections in the citadel, restored many others, dug its dike, coated its surface with stone, built a mosque and palaces inside, and lived in it with his wife Daifa Khatun, who had been buried inside the citadel before her body was removed to the Paradise school.
The citadel of Damascus is not of less significance! It is characterized by its location on the ground level to the west-north angle of the rampart or wall of old Damascus city.
It was a fortification citadel at the age of Seljuk's and Atabics. But, King al-Adel, Salah-Din’s brother, ordered it to be constructed in its current rectangular shape at the beginning of the 7th century. The palace and the royal quarter were to the west of it. It contained a tower for messenger pigeons, coinage house, arms factory, bazaar, bath, and some small mosques. The citadel was the power and leadership center of the state surrounded by huge towers and gates.
Damascus Governorate
Demashqe, Damishqi, Tamshouq , Tamashqo, Timashki Uro, Sha Imiri show, Oaas kingdom, Aram kingdom, Dar Masq, Demetries, Damascus, Canon, al–jallq, al-Faiha, Eski sham, Ein al Sharque Koleh & Cham Sharif ….
Damascus Province
Damascus City, a city of the following description:
162 km. distant located from Homs, 124 km from Suweida, 101 km from Daraa, 67 km from Qunaytera. It is located on longitude 36 d and 18 m E/GMT, on latitude 33 d and 33 m N, altitude 598-900 m above sea level, 633 km2 Damascus Basin City, surrounded by mountains from three directions, opened from the east on the Syrian semi desert, To the north and west north there are the mountains of Antar & Kassiun. To the east we find the mountains of Abu al-Ata & Dumeir. To the south east we see the high volcanic mounts, and to the south west we notice the eastern mounts of Lebanon (known as Jabal Asheikh and Haramun).
Till now, it is believed that it is the oldest continuous inhabited city in the world! As the excavations show, it is presumed that the human existence in it is back to seventh millennium BC! This is at least in the hills surrounding the city center like Tall Aswad, Tall Salhiyeh, Tall Ghorayfeh, Tall Khozama, and Tall Ramad.
The whole city population had reached four million inhabitants according to the population statistics of 2002. This number constitute 25.5% of the country population. The old city area is not more than 0.0001% of the country survey, i.e. 1.6 km2. It is surrounded by a rampart which gathered quarters like Bab Touma, Qeymarieh, Amara, Shagur, Bab Sharqi, and al-Amin quarter.
The building structure is consisted of oriental-style houses, built of clay and stone, with wooden roofs, and broad gardens; in the middle adorned by green trees and spring-ponds. The lane inside the quarters are very narrow, therefore, most of their parts are shadowy. In-houses are wonderfully designed. The visitor is amazed by the mixture between the architecture and the genuine Damascene traditions.
The city does include also a lot of significant mosques and churches that are visited by people from all over the world due to their sanctity and
ancientness.
In addition to that, there are the tombs of significant persons in the history, the old mansions that are considered as architectural masterpieces, the important bazaars that exhibit various types of stocks and traditional manufactures; also we notice clearly , the restaurants inside the old houses presenting delicious Damascene dishes to attract the visitors.
Arrivals to Damascus are received at its International Airport or its access-road at Jdeideh on the Syrian-Lebanese borders. Visitors are carefully looked after. They are taken to the multi-levels comfortable hotels, restaurants, cinemas, and theatres.
As for the literate people , the city is full of many national libraries, old and modern ones. Also, annual cultural and artistic festivals are instated together with the international expos for business men, foreign and native cultural centers, institutes, companies, and administration.
The Syrian antique treasures newly discovered are a manifestation of the successive cultures and generations who lived on the ground of this city thousands of years ago. We should not forget the Damascene baths, which the name Damascus was always connected to them.
In the evenings, there is the anecdote-teller at the folk-house telling the social and historical entertaining stories to reinforce the Arabic social and religious values and traditions.
Damascus was first mentioned on the boards and inscriptions of Mary Kingdom(2500 BC)as Damashka, then on Ebla's (2400 BC) as Dameshki, then in the archive of Tall al-Amarnah at the Nile Valley (Akhit Atoon)
During Pharaoh Thotmose III residence in Syria (1480 BC), Damascus was named Tamashko, and it was added to the Egyptian territories. It was recorded so too during Pharaoh Aminofes III reign. In a letter from the Prince of Qatna (an Amorit kingdom near Homs , flourished after the fall of Ebla kingdom)to Pharaoh Aminofes IV it was named as Timashki Uro. In another letter from Ribadah, Prince of Biblos (in Lebanon), it was Damashk; its Prince was Azira. The Assyrian documents mentioned it as Sha Emiri Sho.
The first Assyrian king who faced the Kingdom of Damascus was ShalmanezzerIII 858-824 BC. Its spoken language was the Aramaic. King Shalmanezzer III defeated King Hadad Adri Bar Hidu of Damascus, and Damascus was called at that time the Mat Sha Emiri Sho. And, it was named as Dar Mesk during the Aramaic Syrian King Roson Ibn Alida reign 732 BC, and so in the some texts of the old testament of the Aram Damascus Kingdom.
In the movement of adopting the Semitic race, it was said that Geron Ibn Saad Ibn Imad Ibn Aram Ibn Sam Ibn Noah was the one who built Damascus, and Sham / Cham is a proportion to Sam , the son of Noah.
The Assyrian Tiglat Plezzer III called it Canon. He reported its being under siege for a long time till it fall down; the king was killed and the dwellers were migrated to the Assyrian region. Some of the ruins of that period were the temple of Hadad and a basaltic rock which were founded in 1949 to the east of the northern wall of Umayyad Mosque.
The historian Yaqout al-Hamwi 13 C, reported that the name Damascus was from Damashek Ibn Kani Ibn Malek Ibn Arfakhashd Ibn Sam Ibn Noah, and that P. Abraham al-Khalil was live in a place within its circulation orchards (Ghouta).
He mentioned also that Adam & Eve, Able & Cain settled in some places around the city; and he narrated that the story of the murder of Able took place on mountain Kasiun. He reported too that the first wall built after the Flood was that of Damascus and Harran. The same story was reported by Ibn Asaker.
Another narration said that Aliazar P. Abraham`s servant build Damascus, and that he was from Habashah city, given to Abraham when he got out of the fire. That boy was called “ Demashk”. The Patilmus called it Demitrius. Stephan the Byzantium at sixth C stated that its name is attributed to the hero Damascus, the son of the god Herms. Josephus 1st C, said that one of its suburbs was called “ Abraham House” in which he espoused. It was said too that Sham meant the north of the creation center, the residence of Adam & Eve and the place of the divine Paradise.
Emperor Julian 4th C described it as “ Eye Orient”, and Fosidius 2nd C complimented the excellence of the Damascene wine. It was called “Gullak” in the Aramaic language and “Dramsuq” in the Syriac Language. It was given many other names too, like Sham Damascus, Sham Sharif (Prophet Mohammed’s wives and companions are buried there), Eski Sham (old Sham), and the name Faihaa due to its vastness and abundance.
Hesael assigned the throne. Hesael was slain by Shalmanezzer in 841 BC and the trees of Ghuta were cut down. In 837 BC, Shalmanezzer tried to re-appropriate Damascus but his trial was not successful.
In 721-705 BC, at the time of Sargon II, Damascus tried to separate from the Assyrian state in a revolution led by the King of Hama, but the Assyrians could defeat it totally.
In 694 PC, Elo Easia – or Eli Atiba- reined the kingdom of Damascus. However, during Sinharib reign ( 704-781 BC ), the city was a military post for his invasions on the Nabatean & the Arabian tribes.
After the collapse of the Assyrian empire and the short period of the Egyptian control, Aram-Damascus became a part of the new Babylon empire 605 BC. Thereafter, it was occupied in 538 BC by the Persians , who caused it to become famous for significant industries like olive oil, spinning, textures, winery, arms, and the agricultural instruments. Also, we should not forget the water distributive- system design in the old city.
In 333 BC, the Greek ended the Persian, It was by the hands of Alexander the Great who fought them the Persians at Issus battle (lies just to the north of the pass in the Amanus Mountains, S/E Turkey, called the Syrian Gate). But his successors could not manage the administration of Syria in a right way due to the temporary transition of the capitals from Damascus to Anatolia and due to the dreadfulness of the Nabatean influence over the region.
Seleucid tried to naturalize Syria with Greek stamp; therefore, they built many specific quarters in a chess-board–like design which was dominant at that time, where the buildings surrounding the public squares, and the upright streets.
Between 84 and 85 BC, Damascus faced the Armenian occupation led by King Dikran the Great II. The Greek period was ended by arrival of the Roman forces led by Pombi in 64 BC, and this activated the communication between Europe and Asia for more than 700 years. But the genuine glory of the city was when the Nabateans entered the city twice during the Roman occupation period: in 85 BC and in 37 BC.
Therefore, Damascus became a Nabatean realm disciplined by the Roman empire. At that time, it witnessed many important achievements that are still working nowadays like water streaming of the river Barada, distending the city rampart to become of a rectangular shape 1500 m × 750 m, opening the seven gates, rebuilding the temple of God Hadad and renaming it as “Damascene Jupiter”, and decorating the upright street with scenic arcs to relieve the eyes with their view instead of watching the distant end of the street.
Damascus led a peaceful and stable time, especially when it was a main station on the silk-road. It continued its outspreading of the religious beliefs to the out-world, amongst which was Christianity, as recorded in the Bible- the versions of Saint Paul, Saint Anania, and John the Baptist.
In 117 BC, Emperor Hadrian granted Damascus as a metropolis, i.e. the primal city. During the reign of the Syrian Phoenician emperor " Septimus Severus”, the founder of the empirical Syrian race 197-235, and his successors, the city was endowed with many concessions.
At the end of the fourth century AD, the Roman Empire was split into two parts, and Damascus followed the eastern Christian part. Since 378 , a part of the Damascene Jupiter Temple was transformed into a church which was ascribed to John the Baptist. Macakeer III, the Patriarch of Syrian Antioch who died in 1672 , mentioned in his book about the seven holy communities that the bishop Magtus of Damascus was one of the 318 participant bishops of the Nicea community in 325.
Between 612-628, the Persian re-occupied the city. As a result, the dwellers suffered a lot from the confrontations between the Persia and Byzantium troops. The end was the reclamation of the lost territories and interests by Hercules, the Byzantium Emperor.
The Arabian Islamic armies arrived in march 14th 635, to redeem the country from the foreign Byzantium oppression, and to spread out the new religion. After six months of siege, Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah succeeded to enter the city through its western gate, Khalid ibn al-Walid through the eastern gate, Moawiya ibn Abi Sufean through Bab Kisan, Yazid ibn Moawiya through Bab Saghir, Sharhabil ibn Hasana through Bab al Faradis, and Amro ibn al-Aass through Bab Thuma. Historical resources mentioned that Mansour ibn Sargon, one of the city men-of honor requested the reconciliation for the Damascene dwellers – except the Roman ones.
Hereupon, the Islamic epoch had begun, starting with the reign of Rashidi Caliphs to the Umayyad dynasty 661-749, during which the city reached its ultimate flourishing. It was titled as the Umayyad capital of the greatest caliphate state in history, and due to its political, religious, cultural, and economical importance extending from the far East till the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
Damascus witnessed a golden age started by Moawiya ibn Abi Sufian, with plenty of reformations that were accomplished by his successors. These reformation were: building palaces, decorating the city, and gathering intellectuals and poets from all over the Islamic world. As an evidence, there was the establishing of the grand mosque in a part of Jupiter Temple during the reign of al Walid ibn Abdul Malik in 705-715. The whole place was transformed into an incomparable architectural antique still being visited by Muslims and tourists nowadays.
The Abbasid revolutionary troops entered the city in 750, led by Abdullah ibn Ali. The troops slaughtered the dwellers to the extent that that 50 thousand people were killed. They destroyed the rampart, raked up the graves of the Umayyad figures, unearthed the dead bodies and burned them.
The Abbasids took al Koufa city in Iraq as their capital untill Baghdad was built. Therefore, Damascus became a minor city and was isolated from the important events. It fall a victim to the captivations and conspiracies, and to the tension and greed of the power seekers.
In 878, the Tolonid and Akhshidid eras began. Ahmad ibn Tolon occupied Damascus after being assigned the Prince of Egypt by the Abbasid Caliph in 868. Under all conditions, the commandership was under the control of the Abbasid Caliph, nominally speaking.
The Fatimids reconditioned the rampart of Damascus in 978 as a protection from Abbasids, then the Hamdanids came for a short period of time in the 10th C. The fight between Seljuks & Fatimids in 1075 led to the ending of the Fatimids reign by the Seljuk prince Tetch. His reign proceeded till 1154 which was characterized by the rebuilding of Damascus citadel by Atsez’ hands.
The European crusaders made many invasive trials to appropriate the city. They besieged it in 1129 commanded by Baldwin IV the King of Jerusalem, then they moved away in the very same year. They made other trials in 1148 under the leaderships of Luis VII, the King of France, and Conrad III, the Emperor of Germany. Once again they failed in 1149.
Between 1154-1173, the prince of Aleppo, Mahmoud ibn Zenki, was assigned the governance. He executed many important processes like uniting the Sham and Egypt regions, eliminating the minor authoritarians, unifying the efforts to regress the external French aggression so that reclaiming Jerusalem and redeeming Palestine would be possible.
He led also many reformations in Damascus like repairing its citadel, building Abi-Dardaa mosque, increasing the fortification status of its ramparts against the crusaders’ invasions, opening new gates like Bab al-Faraj to the west of it, sustaining the eastern gate, closing Bab Kisan to the south of the rampart, building the observation towers, the hospitals, the Nuria school for teaching The Holy Quran, a bath in Bzurieh Suq ( still carrying his name), and the Omari school in Salhieh quarter.
After the death of Nur Din Mahmoud ibn Imad ibn Zenki in 1173 in Damascus, his youngest son Ismael succeeded him and was assigned a King nominally.
In 1176, Salah Din Yousef al-Ayyubid was appointed the governance and preceded for 26 years. His reign was characterized by the union between Egypt and Syria and making Damascus the Capital city after eliminating the corrupted state members who started to arouse the internal tensions.
His brother, King al-Adel, succeeded him in 1193. His reign was characterized by a wide fame of some industries like Damascene textures ( Damesco), silversmith, glass craft, developing the Syrian-Italian trade, and building a new citadel instead of the old one in 1206. His reign proceeded for 20 years. When he died in 1218, he was buried inside the citadel, but his body was removed later to the Adelie school.
The Mongols invaded Damascus for the first time in 1260, led by Hulaga and they departed away in the same year. The second invasion was in 1300, they stayed within it for 100 days then they left again. The third time was in 1400 led by Timurlink and they stayed for 80 days during which they destroyed the city and took the professional craftsmen by force to Samarkand which caused the receding of industries. During those invasions, Mamelukes always got back to the city.
In 1516, the Ottoman troops entered Damascus under the leadership of Sultan Salim the 1st. This was after killing the last Mameluke Sultan “ Kanswah al-Ghuri” in the battle of Marj Dabeq at north of Aleppo city, under the charge that he was helping Shah Ismael al-Safawi, the real founder of the Safawid State in Iran, and due to his aspiration to control all the Sham region.
The Ottoman occupation lasted till 1918, during which Damascus became a very important station for hajjis( Pilgrims ) and for internal trades. Its political and cultural position declined because the ottomans concentrated only on building mosques, hospices, khans, water containers, and bathes (hammams), and they streamed the water of al-Fijeh spring.
The Egyptian Ibrahim Basha occupied Damascus in 1831-1840 as a result of the Bashas’ strife for power. He exploited the weakness and dissolution of the sultan ship. But, the great powers of the world forced him to return to Egypt because they were afraid that he might found a modern country after he had widely opened the gates for the foreign forces.
In 1898, the Emperor of Germany “ Wilhelm II” exploited his visit to Damascus on his way to Jerusalem to draw himself a near position to Sultan Abdul Hamid II. This was planned to open the gate for the German economical pervasion. He proclaimed himself a protector of Islam and sultan ship in front of Salah Din al-Ayyubid grave, and got a license to gauge the rail-way between Baghdad, Hijaz, Asitana, and Damascus.
The Arabian forces freed the city from the Ottoman occupation in 1918. Faisal ibn al Husein was assigned a temporary king on the Sham region in 1920.
In July 24th , 1920, after the battle of Maisaloun and the martyring of the Syrian Minister of War “ Yousef al-Azmeh”, the French armies entered Damascus, running after their greedy interests in this region. They relied on Sikes-Piceau agreement 1915 between the great forces. Therefore, the mandate period on Syria had started. They separated Lebanon from Syria and proclaimed it an independent country, then, they conspired with Turkey on handing her Alexandria area (Lewaa) in spite of the investigation and voting results which were with the Arabian Syrian side. But, due to the French intention to contend Turkey and conform an alliance with it, they rendered it Alexandria totally in June 23rd, 1939.
The occupation on Syria lasted till April 17th, 1946, when the last French soldier was evacuated. In February 22nd, 1958, the unity between Syria and Egypt took place. In September 28th, 1961 was the separation, and it happened because of the non-proper previous preparations for this unity.
At last, we should mention the large numbers of Damascenes who left their prints on the history and culture of Syria through the passage of time like writers, poets, medicine and architecture scientists, princes, and those who contributed in instituting universal edifices, headed by the engineering Abu Adorr the Damascene.
References :
(Atlas of Damascus, Ministry of Tourism publications)
(Mohammad Ahmad Dahman–In the Yards and spaces of Syria).
(Ali Mousa & Mohammad Harbeh, In the Yards and spaces of Syria).
(Qutaiba al-Shehabi, Damascus as History & Pictures)
(Ebn Asaaker, History of Damascus)
(George Hadad, Damascus in The Classical Arab Authors, les Annales Archeologiques Arabs Syrian's No 1).
(Horst Clinkle–Germany–Translated by Qasim Tweir, Damascus in Cuneiform Texts – les Annales Archeologiques Arabs Syrian's No 35).
(Abdulkader Rihawi, History of Architecture of Damascus,les Annales Archeologiques Arabs Syrian's No 14).
(Farid Juha, Pierr Rosseih, City of Eizes, The Arabs at the real History)
Ahmad Dawoud , Old Civilized Syrian History, the center).
(Afif Bahnasi, Syria the Civilization-What did provide for the West).
Geographical Dictionary of the Syrian Arab Republic - Part 1& 3
Eidi - MNF Celine Moe Tan
Follow us in facebook: www.facebook.com/aniredadolls
*This photo is property of "Anireda Dolls". All rights reserved.
Eidi - MNF Celine Moe Tan Fairyland
Follow us in facebook: www.facebook.com/aniredadolls
*This photo is property of "Anireda Dolls". All rights reserved.
Paisleys, kundan and Feroza.
Three of my fave most things and here they go all combined up in this pair of earrings I had. Its some designer's thing that I shamelessly had copied (heheh).
Hoping everyone had a wonderful Eid. Mine went quite good too :)
Cheerio. Until we meet again.
I took this photo on the 1st of February 2010 in on of the two "Eiði" west of Hvalba. A mountain which is called Grímsfjall is between the two "Eiði", this is the northern Eiði, which is called Norðbergseiði (Northern Sea Cliff Eidi).
Kassim Bhai was a a migrant a farmer in Yadgir Karnataka but inorder supplement his income he came to Mumbai with his brother Nabi learnt the art of ear wax removal and worked at Bandra Talao.
One of their colleagues Raju earcleaner was known to he used to clean ears at Bazar Road .
Raju too was from their hometown a Hindu but had learnt his art from his Guru late Chand Hussain a Muslim .
Raju stayed at Mahim and Nabi and Kassim lived at Bandra East .
I began documenting their art their work a few years back when they were going to be evicted from Bandra Talao a pond with walking space ..they would visit my house on Eid I would serve them sweet kheer and chicken biryani give them baksheesh or Eidi .
I made them famous through my earcleaning videos as I had no one to shoot me I shot them cleaning my ears on mobile selfie mode .
Kassim got Covid he died in Mumbai and during lockdown their activity stopped .
All of them disappeared but another migrant from UP learnt their art and through trial error was cleaning ears he too disappeared .
Chand Hussain died in mysterious circumstances near the railway tracks they traced him through my videos .
Nabi had returned when the lockdown was eased but I have not seen him almost 3 months .
The Bandra Talao is close to my house by ricksha but I have not gone there ..
So this is the story of Kassim Ear Cleaner farmer who died in the city of his dreams Mumbai .
www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhcBCK29bxqsAFoDaro2Jv-lJ1...
210,091 items / 1,735,600 views
I shot most of my pictures from the road , I did not feel like going to the skywalk, I wanted proximity of spiritual peace and later much later I went up and shot a few frames from the sky walk..I did not shoot much ,and I shot the children Idd hugging picture that the parents generously give of the kids for for the next days lucky to be there in the newspapers.. The kids too have learnt the task of posing for the cameras , these kids are the best along with the sole girl.. they are the most wanted by the camera folks even bloggers like me..
I shoot the namaz barefeet as I do not want to disrespect the sanctity of the namaz with footwear..
About Eid Al Addha or Bakra Idd
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى ‘Īd al-’Aḍḥá, IPA: [ʕiːd al ʔadˁˈħaː], "feast of sacrifice") or "Festival of Sacrifice" or "Greater Eid" is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to commemorate the willingness of Abraham (Ibrahim) to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Isma'il) as an act of obedience to God, before God intervened to provide him with a sheep— to sacrifice instead.[1]
Eid al-Adha is the latter of two Eid festivals celebrated by Muslims, whose basis comes from Sura 2 (Al-Baqara) Ayah 196 in the Qur'an.[2] Like Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha begins with a Sunnah prayer of two Raka'ah (units) followed by a sermon (khuṭbah).
The word "Eid" appears in Sura al-Mai'da ("The Table Spread," Chapter 5) of the Qur'an, meaning 'solemn festival'.[3]
Eid al-Adha is celebrated annually on the 10th day of the 12th and the last Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah (ذو الحجة) of the lunar Islamic calendar.[4] Eid al-Adha celebrations start after the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia by Muslims worldwide, descend from Mount Arafat. The date is approximately 70 days (2 Months & 10 days) after the end of the month of Ramadan, i.e. Eid-ul-Fitr. Ritual observance of the holiday lasts until sunset of the 13th day of Dhu al-Hijjah.[5]
The Arabic term "Festival of Sacrifice", ‘Eid ul-’Aḍḥā, is similar to the Semitic roots that evolved into Indic languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati and Bengali and Austronesian languages such as Malay and Indonesian (the last often spelling it as Idul Adha or Iduladha).
Another Semitic word for "sacrifice" is the Arabic Qurbān (Arabic: قربان), which is used in Dari Persian and Standard Persian as Eyde Ghorbân عید قربان, and in Tajik Persian as Иди Қурбон (Idi Qurbon), into Kazakh as Құрбан айт (Qurban ayt), into Uyghur as Qurban Heyit, and also into various Indic languages. Other languages combined the Arabic word qurbān with local terms for "festival", as in Kurdish (Cejna Qurbanê[6]), Pashto (Kurbaneyy Akhtar), Chinese (古尔邦节 Gúěrbāng Jié), Malay and Indonesian (Hari Raya Korban, Qurbani), and Turkish (Kurban Bayramı).Azeri (Qurban Bayramı), Tatar (Qorban Bäyräme), Bosnian (Kurban bajram), Albanian(Bajramin e Kurbanit) Croatian (Kurban-bajram), Serbian (Курбан бајрам), Russian (Курбан-байрам), (Eid Kurbani Wari) in Sindhi.
Eid al-Kabir, "the Greater Eid" (the "Lesser Eid" being Eid ul-Fitr[7]), is used in Yemen, Syria, and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt). The term was borrowed directly into French as Aïd el-Kebir. Translations of "Big Eid" or "Greater Eid" are used in Pashto لوی اختر Loy Akhtar, Kashmiri Baed Eid, Hindi and Urdu Baṛā Īd, Malayalam Bali Perunnal, and Tamil Peru Nāl.
Another name refers to the fact that the holiday occurs after the culmination of the Hajj (حج), or pilgrimage to Mecca (Makka). Such names are used in Malay and Indonesian (Hari Raya Haji "Hajj celebration day", Lebaran Haji), and in Tamil Hajji Peru Nāl.
In Urdu-speaking areas, the festival is also called بقرعید Baqra Īd or Baqrī Īd, stemming either from the Arabic baqarah "heifer" or the Urdu word baqrī for "goat", as cows and goats are among the traditionally sacrificed animals. That term was also borrowed into other languages, such as Tamil Bakr Eid Peru Nāl.
Other local names include 宰牲节 Zǎishēng Jié ("Slaughter-livestock Festival") in Chinese, Tfaska Tamoqqart in the Berber language of Djerba, Tabaski or Tobaski in West African languages,[8][9] Babbar Sallah in Nigerian languages, and ciida gawraca in Somali.
Eid-al-Adha has had other names outside the Muslim world. The name is often simply translated into the local language, such as English Festival of Sacrifice, German Opferfest, Dutch Offerfeest, Romanian Sărbătoarea Sacrificiului and Hungarian Áldozati ünnep. In Spanish, it is known as the Fiesta del Cordero, the Festival of the Lamb.
In Bangladesh and West Bengal it is known as Korbanir Eid কোরবানির ঈদ.
According to Islamic tradition, approximately four thousand years ago, the valley of Mecca (in what is now Saudi Arabia) was a dry, rocky and uninhabited place. Abraham ('Ibraheem in Arabic) was instructed to bring his Egyptian wife Hajra (Hāǧar) and Ishmael, his only child at the time (Ismā'īl), to Arabia from the land of Canaan by God's command.[citation needed]
As Abraham was preparing for his return journey back to Canaan, Hajra asked him, "Did Allah (God) order you to leave us here? or are you leaving us here to die." Abraham turned around to face his wife. He was so sad that he couldn't say anything. he pointed to the sky showing that God commanded him to do so. Hagar said, "Then Allah will not waste us; you can go". Though Abraham had left a large quantity of food and water with Hajra and Ishmael, the supplies quickly ran out, and within a few days the two began to feel the pangs of hunger and dehydration.
Hajra ran up and down between two hills called Al-Safa and Al-Marwah seven times, in her desperate quest for water. Exhausted, she finally collapsed beside her baby Ishmael and prayed to God for deliverance. Miraculously, a spring of water gushed forth from the earth at the feet of baby Ishmael. Other accounts have the angel Gabriel (Jibrail) striking the earth and causing the spring to flow in abundance. With this secure water supply, known as the Zamzam Well, they were not only able to provide for their own needs, but were also able to trade water with passing nomads for food and supplies.
Years later, Abraham was instructed by God to return from Canaan to build a place of worship adjacent to Hagar's well (the Zamzam Well). Abraham and Ishmael constructed a stone and mortar structure —known as the Kaaba— which was to be the gathering place for all who wished to strengthen their faith in God. As the years passed, Ishmael was blessed with Prophethood (Nubuwwah) and gave the nomads of the desert his message of submission to God. After many centuries, Mecca became a thriving desert city and a major center for trade, thanks to its reliable water source, the well of Zamzam.
One of the main trials of Abraham's life was to face the command of God to devote his dearest possession, his only son. Upon hearing this command, he prepared to submit to God's will. During this preparation, Satan (Shaitan) tempted Abraham and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God's commandment, and Ibrahim drove Satan away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of their rejection of Satan, stones are thrown at symbolic pillars signifying Satan during the Hajj rites.
hen Ishmael was about 13 (Ibrahim being 99), Allah (God) decided to test their faith in public. Abraham had a recurring dream, in which God was commanding him to offer his son as a sacrifice – an unimaginable act – sacrificing his son, which God had granted him after many years of deep prayer. Abraham knew that the dreams of the prophets were divinely inspired, and one of the ways in which God communicated with his prophets. When the intent of the dreams became clear to him, Abraham decided to fulfill God's command and offer Ishmael for sacrifice.
Although Abraham was ready to sacrifice his dearest for Allah's sake, he could not just go and drag his son to the place of sacrifice without his consent. Isma'el had to be consulted as to whether he was willing to give up his life as fulfillment to God's command. This consultation would be a major test of Isma'el's maturity in faith, love and commitment for Allah, willingness to obey his father and sacrifice his own life for the sake of Allah.
Abraham presented the matter to his son and asked for his opinion about the dreams of slaughtering him. Ishmael did not show any hesitation or reservation even for a moment. He said, "Father, do what you have been commanded. You will find me, Insha'Allah (God willing), to be very patient." His mature response, his deep insight into the nature of his father’s dreams, his commitment to Allah, and ultimately his willingness to sacrifice his own life for the sake of Allah were all unprecedented.
When both father and son had shown their perfect obedience to Allah and they had practically demonstrated their willingness to sacrifice their most precious possessions for His sake — Abraham by laying down his son for sacrifice and Ishmael by lying patiently under the knife – Allah called out to them stating that his sincere intentions had been accepted, and that he need not carry out the killing of Ishmael. Instead, Abraham was told to replace his son with a ram to sacrifice instead. Allah also told them that they had passed the test imposed upon them by his willingness to carry out God's command.[10]
This is mentioned in the Qur'an as follows:
"O my Lord! Grant me a righteous (son)!" So We gave him the good news of a boy, possessing forbearance. And when (his son) was old enough to walk and work with him, (Abraham) said: O my dear son, I see in vision that I offer you in sacrifice: Now see what is your view!" (The son) said: "O my father! Do what you are commanded; if Allah wills, you will find me one practising patience and steadfastness!" So when they both submitted and he threw him down upon his forehead, We called out to him saying: O Ibraheem! You have indeed fulfilled the vision; surely thus do We reward those who do good. Most surely this was a manifest trial. And We ransomed him with a momentous sacrifice. And We perpetuated (praise) to him among the later generations. "Peace and salutation to Abraham!" Thus indeed do We reward those who do right. Surely he was one of Our believing servants.[11]
As a reward for this sacrifice, Allah then granted Abraham the good news of the birth of his second son, Is-haaq (Isaac):
And We gave him the good news of Is-haaq, a prophet from among the righteous.[12]
Abraham had shown that his love for God superseded all others: that he would lay down his own life or the lives of those dearest to him in submission to God's command. Muslims commemorate this ultimate act of sacrifice every year during Eid al-Adha.
[edit] The Sunnah of Eid al-Adha
n keeping with the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims are encouraged to prepare themselves for the occasion of Eid. Below is a list of things Muslims are recommended to do in preparation for the Eid al-Adha festival:
Make wudu (ablution) and offer Salat al-Fajr (the pre-sunrise prayer).
Prepare for personal cleanliness - take care of details of clothing, etc.
Dress up, putting on new or best clothes available.
[edit] Salat al-Eid (Eid prayer)
Salat al-Eid is a Wajib, not a fard kafaya. Fard kafaya meaning that if performed by some, the obligation falls from the rest congregational prayer. Eid prayer must be offered in congregation. It consists of two Raka'ah (units) with seven Takbirs in the first Raka'ah and five Takbirs in the second Raka'ah. For Sunni Muslims, Salat al-Eid differs from the five daily canonical prayers in that no adhan (Call to Prayer) or iqama (call) is pronounced for the two Eid prayers.[13] However, Shi'ite Muslims may begin Salat al-Eid with adhan (Call to Prayer)—with a third repetition of the line "Hayya ala salah" ("Come to prayer")—and iqama (call).[14] The Salaat (prayer) is then followed by the Khutbah, or sermon, by the Imam.
At the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, the Muslims embrace and exchange greetings with one other (Eid Mubarak), give gifts (Eidi) to children, and visit one another. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to invite their non-Muslims friends, neighbours, co-workers and classmates to their Eid festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.[15]
Men, women, and children are expected to dress in their finest clothing to perform Eid prayer (ṣalātu l-`Īdi) in a large congregation is an open waqf field called Eidgah or mosque. Those Muslims who can afford, i.e Malik-e-Nisaab; sacrifice their best domestic animals (usually a cow, but can also be a camel, goat, sheep or ram depending on the region) as a symbol of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his only son. The sacrificed animals, called Uḍhiyyah (Arabic: أضحية, also known by its Persian term, "al-Qurbāni"), have to meet certain age and quality standards or else the animal is considered an unacceptable sacrifice. This tradition accounts for more than 100 million slaughtering of animals in only 2 days of Eid. In Pakistan alone nearly 10 million animals are slaughtered on Eid days costing over US$ 3 billion.[17]
The meat from the sacrificed animal is divided into three parts. The family retains one third of the share; another third is given to relatives, friends and neighbors; and the other third is given to the poor and needy. The regular charitable practices of the Muslim community are demonstrated during Eid al-Adha by concerted efforts to see that no impoverished person is left without an opportunity to partake in the sacrificial meal during these days.
During Eid al-Adha, distributing meat amongst the people, chanting the Takbir out loud before the Eid prayer on the first day and after prayers throughout the three days of Eid, are considered essential parts of this important Islamic festival. In some countries, families that do not own livestock can make a contribution to a charity that will provide meat to those who are in need.
Beinisvørð is the second highest birdcliff in the Faroe Islands, it is the cliff furthest away on the photo. It is 469 m high. Lopranseiði is on the west coast of the island Suðuroy, which is one of the Faroe Islands. The name meanes South Island, Suðuroy is the southernmost of the Faroes. It is very beautiful scenery on Lopranseiði. A ship from the Netherlands called Westerbeek went shipwreck on this place in 1642, around 80 of the men onboard survived climbing up on the vertical hill side of the mountain. 10 of the men lost their lives. A few of the men stayed in the Faroes and got children.
Sacrifice Bazaar - Kurban Pazarı
Kale Outlet Center Tram Station, Bahçelievler District, Istanbul, TR
SUGRAPHIC ~ Always Under The Light of Your Love ...
Sanatın Ustaları ~ Masters of Art ~ One 1stanbul Photo Album - Candidate Photos
ISTANBUL 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics for Peace on Earth..
DÜNYADA BARIŞ için ISTANBUL 2024 Yaz Olimpiyatları ve Paralimpiksleri..!
Every year I make it a point to shoot the Idd Namaz at the Sunni Mosque at Bandra Station, as a new structure has come up on the existing Mosque , most of the people recited the namaz within its four walls , the rest prayed on the Station Road..
I shot this barefeet to uphold the sanctity of the people head bowed in prayers.
This too is a long series at Flickr..
About Id Ul Fitr.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr
Eid ul-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر ‘Īdu ul-Fiṭr), often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. Eid is an Arabic word meaning "festivity", while Fiṭr means "to break fast"; and so the holiday symbolizes the breaking of the fasting period. It is celebrated after the end of the Islamic month of Ramadan, on the first day of Shawwal.
Eid ul-Fitr is a day long celebration and is sometimes also known as the "Smaller Eid" (Arabic: العيد الصغير al-‘īdu ṣ-ṣaghīr) as compared to the Eid ul-Adha that lasts four days and is called the "Greater Eid" (Arabic: العيد الكبير al-‘īdu l-kabīr).
Muslims are commanded by the Qur'an to complete their fast on the last day of Ramadan and then recite the Takbir all throughout the period of Eid[Qur'an 2:185 (Translated by Shakir)].
Common greetings during this holiday are the Arabic greeting ‘Īd mubārak ("Blessed Eid") or ‘Īd sa‘īd ("Happy Eid"). In addition, many countries have their own greetings based on local language and traditions.
Typically, Muslims wake up early in the morning and have a small breakfast (as a sign of not being on a fast on that day) of preferably the date fruit, before attending a special Eid prayer (salah) that is performed in congregation at mosques or open areas like fields, squares etc. Muslims are encouraged to dress in their best clothes (new if possible) for the occasion. No adhan or iqama is to be pronounced for this Eid prayer, and it consists of only two raka'ahs. The Eid prayer is followed by the khutbah (sermon) and then a supplication (dua') asking for forgiveness, mercy and help for all living beings across the world. The khutbah also instructs Muslims as to the performance of rituals of Eid, such as the zakat.[1] It is then customary to embrace the persons sitting on either side of oneself, whilst greeting them. After the prayers, people also visit their relatives, friends and acquaintances[2] and some people also pay visits to the graveyards (ziyarat al-qubur).
[edit] The Takbir and other Rituals
The Takbir is recited after having confirmation that the moon of Shawwal is sighted on the eve of the last day of Ramadan. It continues until the start of the Eid prayer. Before the Eid prayer begins, every Muslim who is able must pay Zakat al-fitr,[3] an alms for the month of Ramadan. This equates to about 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) of a basic foodstuff (wheat, barley, dates, raisins, etc.), or its cash equivalent, and is typically collected at the mosque. This is distributed to needy local Muslims prior to the start of the Eid prayer. It can be given at any time during the month of Ramadan and is often given early, so the recipient can use it for Eid purchases. This is distinct from Zakat based on wealth, which must be paid to a worthy charity. The Takbir consists of:
Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar الله أكبر الله أكبر الله أكبر
laa ilaaha illAllaah لا إله إلا الله
Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar الله أكبر الله أكبر
wa li-illaahil-hamd ولله الحمد
God is the Greatest, God is the Greatest, God is the Greatest,
There is no deity but God
God is the Greatest, God is the Greatest
and to God goes all praise
Variation
Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar الله أكبر الله أكبر
laa ilaaha illAllaah لا إله إلا الله
wAllaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar والله أكبر الله أكبر
wa li-illaahil-hamd ولله الحمد
alhamdulillaah `alaa maa hadaanaa, wa lahul-shukru `ala maa awlaanaa الحمدلله على ما هدانا و له الشكر على ما اولانا
God is the Greatest, God is the Greatest,
There is no deity but God
and God is the Greatest, God is the Greatest
and to God goes all praise, (We) sing the praises of God because He has shown us the Right Path. (We) gratefully thank Him because He takes care of us and looks after our interests.[4]
[edit] Islamic tradition
Eid al-Fitr marks the end of the fasting of Ramadan. This has to do with the communal aspects of the fast, which expresses many of the basic values of the Muslim community. Fasting is believed by some scholars to extol fundamental distinctions, lauding the power of the spiritual realm, while acknowledging the subordination of the physical realm.[2]
The Islamic tradition also associates events with the occasion. For example, on Eid al-Fitr, the angel Gabriel descended with white clothes for each of prophet Muhammad's grandsons.[5]
[edit] Practices by country
[edit] Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a Muslim country and religion plays a very important part in the way of life. Afghans observe all religious days and festivals, which are based on the lunar calendar. The two most important festivals are Eid-ul-Fitr (also called Eid-e-Ramazan) and Eid-e-Qorban (sometimes called Eid-ul-Adha).
Eid-ul-Fitr, marks the end of Ramadaan, the month of fasting. Children receive new clothing and families visit relatives and friends. Presents are not exchanged but in recent years the practice of sending Eid cards has increased considerably.
Eid-e-Qorban is the major festival marking the end of the Haj, the pilgrimage to Mecca, and lasts for four days. Again, children receive new clothing and friends and relatives are visited. At each Eid, tea, nuts, sweets and sugared almonds called noql are served to visitors and guests. Often special sweets and pastries are also prepared; halwa-e-swanak, sheer payra, goash-e-feel and others. Many Afghans sacrifice a lamb or calf at Eid-e-Qorban, which takes its name from the word qorban, meaning sacrifice. The meat is distributed among the poor, relatives and neighbours.
[edit] United Kingdom
There is a Khutbah (speech) in which the Imam gives advice to the Muslim community and usually Muslims are encouraged to end any past animosities they may have. He then goes on to the khutbah and then the prayer itself. When the local imam declares Eid ul-Fitr everyone greets and hugs each other. As Eid ul-Fitr is not a recognised public holiday in the United Kingdom, Muslims are obliged to attend the morning prayer. In a large ethnically Muslim area, normally schools and local businesses give exemptions to the Muslim community to take three days off. In the rest of the UK it is not recognised as it is not on a fixed date as it is decided by the sighting of the moon on the night before.
During the morning, men (mainly South Asian) usually wear Thobe, Jubba, Sharwani or Punjabi, and women usually wear shalwar kameez. Men go to the mosque for the Eid prayers, after which people greet each other. After this many will go to a local cemetery to pay respect and to remember the deceased. When they return home they will greet the family and friend and also other Muslims and visit relatives across the city. People cook traditional food for their relatives. Dishes such as Samosas, Simeya,Rice and Handesh are particularly popular.
[edit] North America
North American Muslims typically celebrate the day in a quiet way. Because the day depends on the sighting of the moon, often families are not aware that the next day will be Eid until the night before. Most check with members of the community to see if the moon has been sighted by anyone. Different methods for determining the end of Ramadan and the beginning of Shawwal are used in each particular community. Because the day is determined by the natural phenomenon of sighting the crescent moon, North Americans on the eastern coast of the continent may celebrate Eid on a different day than those on the western coast.
The end of Ramadan is announced via e-mail, postings on websites, or chain phone calls to all members of a Muslim community. Working persons usually attempt to make arrangements for a lighter work day on the days that may possibly be the Eid day, but many North American Muslims are often noted to not be able to take the entire day off.
North American Muslims usually wake early, have a small breakfast and attend mosques for the Eid prayers.
New York City's iconic Empire State Building was lit in green in honor of Eid-al-Fitr from October 12-14, 2007. [1]
[edit] Turkey
In the Republic of Turkey, where Ramadan celebrations are infused with more national traditions, and where country-wide celebrations, religious and secular alike, are altogether referred to as Bayram, it is customary for people to greet one another with "Bayramınız Kutlu Olsun" ("May Your Bayram Be Celebrated"), "Mutlu Bayramlar" ("Happy Bayram"), or the more religious "Bayramınız Mübarek Olsun" (May Your Bayram Be Holy", i.e. "Holy Bayram Upon You"), while enjoying a number of local customs.
Referred to as both Şeker Bayramı ("Bayram of Sweets") or Ramazan Bayramı ("Ramadan Bayram"), Eid in Turkey is a beloved public holiday, where schools and government offices are generally closed for the entire period of the celebrations.
It is a time for people to attend prayer services, put on their best clothes (referred to as "Bayramlık", often purchased just for the occasion) and to visit all their loved ones (such as friends, relatives and neighbors) and pay their respects to the deceased with organized visits to cemeteries, where large, temporary bazaars of flowers, water (for watering the plants adorning a grave), and prayer books are set up for the three-day occasion. The first day of the Bayram is generally regarded as the most important, with all members of the family waking up early, and the men going to their neighborhood mosque for the special Bayram prayer.
It is regarded as especially important to honor elderly citizens by kissing their right hand and placing it on one's forehead while wishing them Bayram greetings. It is also customary for young children to go around their neighborhood, door to door, and wish everyone a happy Bayram, for which they are awarded candy, chocolates, traditional sweets such as Baklava and Turkish Delight, or a small amount of money at every door, in an almost Halloween-like fashion.
Municipalities all around the country organize fundraising events for the poor, in addition to public shows such as concerts or more traditional forms of entertainment such as the Karagöz and Hacivat shadow-theatre and even performances by the Mehter - the Janissary Band that was founded during the days of the Ottoman Empire.
Helping the less fortunate, ending past animosities and making up, organizing breakfasts and dinners for loved ones and putting together neighborhood celebrations are all part of the joyous occasion, where homes and streets are decorated and lit up for the celebrations, and television and radio channels continuously broadcast a variety of special Bayram programs, which include movie specials, musical programming and celebratory addresses from celebrities and politicians alike.
[edit] Iran
In the predominantly Shia culture of Iran, Eid is a highly personal event, and celebrations are often more muted. Called Eyde Fetr by most Iranians, charity is important on that day. Visiting the elderly and gathering with families and friends is also very common. Typically, each Muslim family gives food to those in need. Payment of fitra or fetriye is obligatory for each Muslim. Often meat or ghorbani (literally translated as sacrifice, for it is usually a young lamb or calf that is sacrificed for the occasion), which is an expensive food item in Iran, will be given by those in wealthier families to those who have less. The offering of meat is generally a part of the Eid-ul-Azha celebrations and sacrifices (Kurbani) are generally not given during the Eid-ul-fitr celebrations.
Eid prayers
Public Eid prayers are held in every Mosque and in public places. The biggest prayer is held in Mosalla (a spacious place for prayer) where the Supreme Leader leads the prayer.
[edit] South Asia
In Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Nepal, the night before Eid is called Chand Raat, which means, night of the moon. People often visit bazaars and shopping malls, with their families and children, for last minute Eid shopping. Women, especially young girls, often paint each others' hands with traditional "henna" and wear colourful bangles.
During Eid, the traditional greeting is Eid Mubarak, and frequently also includes a formal embrace. Gifts are frequently given—new clothes are traditional—and it is also common for children to be given small sums of money (Eidi) by their elders.It is common for children to "salam" parents and adult relatives, they usually get money from the adult relative, if the family is middle class or wealthy.
After the Eid prayers, it is common for families to visit graveyards and pray for the salvation of departed family members.
Special celebratory dishes in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, and Fiji include sivayyan, a dish of fine, toasted sweet vermicelli noodles with milk & dried fruit.[6] In Bangladesh, the dish is called shemai.
Some people also avail themselves of this opportunity to distribute Zakat, the Islamic obligatory alms tax on one's wealth, to the needy.
In India the some popular places where Muslims congregate to celebrate Eid at this time are the Jama Masjid in New Delhi, in Kolkata there is a prayer held on the Red Road. People can be spotted in thousands, there is a lot of excitement in the celebration of this festival. Eid is a public holiday and is celebrated all over India. Even non-Muslims visit their Muslim friends on this occasion, to convey their good wishes.
Unlike rest of the Muslim world, South Asians celebrate Eid-ul-fitr for three days.
[edit] Southeast Asia
Main article: Hari Raya Aidilfitri
Eid Ul-Fitr meal, Malaysia
In Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, Eid is also commonly known as Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Hari Raya Idul Fitri or Hari Raya Puasa. Hari Raya literally means 'Celebration Day'. Muslims in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore celebrate Eid like other Muslims throughout the world. It is the biggest holiday in Indonesia and one of the biggest in Malaysia and is the most awaited one. Shopping malls and bazaars are filled with people days ahead of Hari Raya, causing a distinctive festive atmosphere throughout the country. Many banks, government and private offices are closed for this holiday.
The night before Eid is with the takbir which is held in the mosques or musallas. In many parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, especially in rural areas, pelita or panjut or lampu colok (as known by Malay-Singaporeans) (oil lamps, similiar to tiki torches) are lit up and placed outside and around the house. Eid also witnesses a huge temporary migratory pattern of Muslims, from big metropolitan cities to rural areas to celebrate the Eid with family members because the majority of Muslims are from rural areas. This is known as balik kampung in Malaysia or mudik in Indonesia — it means going back to the hometown. Special dishes like ketupat, dodol, lemang (a type of glutinous rice cake cooked in bamboo) and other Indo-Malay (and in the case of Malaysia, also Nyonya) delicacies are served during this day.
It is common to greet people with "Selamat Hari Raya Idul Fitri" or "Salam Aidilfitri" (in Malaysia) which means "Happy Eid". Muslims also greet one another with "mohon maaf lahir dan batin" in Indonesia and "maaf zahir dan batin" in Malaysia, which means "Forgive my physical and emotional (wrongdoings)", because Eid ul-Fitr is not only for celebrations but also the time for Muslims to ask for forgiveness for any sin which they may have committed but was cleansed as a result of the fasting in the Muslim month of Ramadan.
It is customary for Muslim-Indonesians and Muslim-Malaysians to wear traditional cultural outfits on the Eid. The outfit for men is called baju melayu or baju koko which is worn together with kain samping (made out of songket) and songkok (a dark coloured headgear); in Indonesia the men will usually wear pants with similar color to the shirt or (normal black pants) and a (black head cover called) [Peci]. The women in Indonesia and Malaysia wear what is known as baju kurung and baju kebaya. It is a common practice however for the Muslim-Malays in Singapore to refer to the baju kurung in reference to the type of outfit, worn by men.
For the non-Malay Muslims, they would sometimes don costumes that are peculiar to their respective culture and tradition.
Once the prayer is completed, it is also common for Muslims in Indonesia and Malaysia to visit the graves of loved ones. During this visit, they clean the grave, recite Ya-Seen, a chapter (surah) from the Qur'an and also perform the tahlil ceremony. All these are done to ask God to forgive the dead and also those who are living for all their sins.
The rest of the day is spent visiting relatives or serving visitors. Eid ul-Fitr is a very joyous day for children for on this day adults are especially generous. In Malaysia, children will be given token sums of money, also known as "duit raya," from their parents or elders.[7][8]
In Indonesia there is a special ritual called halal bi-halal. During this, Muslim-Indonesians visit their elders, in the family, the neighborhood, or their work, and show respect to them. They will also seek reconciliation (if needed), and preserve or restore harmonious relations.[9]
[edit] Philippines
Philippines, with a majority Christian population, has recognized Eid ul-Fitr as a regular holiday by virtue of Republic Act No. 9177 and signed on November 13, 2002. The law was enacted in deference to the Muslim-Filipino community and to promote peace among major religions in the Philippines. The first public holiday was set on December 6, 2002.
[edit] China
See also: Islam in China
In China, out of 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, Eid ul-Fitr is celebrated by 10 ethnic groups that practice Islam which amount to 18 million of the total population according to official statistics. It is also a public holiday in China in certain regions, including two province prefecture level regions, Ningxia and Xinjiang. All residents in these areas are entitled of either a one-day or three-day holiday. Whereas outside the Muslim regions, only Muslims have a one-day holiday. In Xinjiang particularly, Eid ul-Fitr is even celebrated by Han Chinese population during which holiday supply such as mutton and beef is distributed to households as part of welfare scheme by government agencies, public and private institutions or businesses.
In the Yunnan province, Muslims are spread throughout the region. On Eid ul-Fitr, however, they travel to Sayyid 'Ajjal's grave, after their communal prayers. First there are readings from the Qur'an, then the tomb is cleaned (reminiscent of the historic annual Chinese Qingming festival in which people go their ancestors' graves, sweep and clean the area and then make food offerings). Finally the accomplishments of the Sayyid 'Ajall are told. In conclusion, a special service is held to honor the hundreds of thousands of Muslims killed during the Qing dynasty, and the hundreds killed during the Cultural Revolution.[10]
[edit] Africa
Wiki letter w.svg This section requires expansion.
[edit] Tunisia
Tunisia sees three to four days of celebration, with preparations starting several days earlier. Special biscuits are made to give to friends and relatives on the day. we can mention "Baklawa" and several kinds of "kaak". The men will go to the mosque early in the morning, while the women either go with them or prepare their children with new outfits and toys to celebrate as well as a big family lunch generally in parents house.
[edit] South Africa
In Cape Town, hundreds of people gather at Green Point for the sighting of the moon on the last day of Ramadan each year. The gathering brings together people from all walks of life, and everyone comes with something to share with others at the time of breaking the fast. The Magrib prayer is then conducted and the sighting of the moon is announced thereafter.
The Day of Eid ul-Fitr is celebrated by first attending the Mosque for Eid prayer. This is followed by visiting neighbours and family. Children receive presents and money from elder members of the family, relatives and neighbours. Most people wear new clothes with bright colours, while biscuits, cakes, samoosas, pies and tarts are presented to visitors as treats. Lunch is usually served in large family groups.
[edit] Nigeria
Nigeria is a secular environment. Therefore, as Muslims celebrate the festival, Christians also participate. the Eid is popularly known as "Small Sallah" and people generally greet each other with "Barka De Sallah" which means greetings on sallah in Hausa language. People Celebrate by observing the Eid prayer at designated praying grounds and then retire home to eat meals prepared by the women. The Federal holiday is typically 2 days in Nigeria. Nigerians travel to their respective hometowns irrespective of their religions during this Sallah especially if the holiday is continuous with a weekend.
The bangles and my jaura (dress) for Eid day. Thanks to cross-processing the color's been maligned a bit :)
Hope everyone around enjoyed Eid to the fullest. may it be blessed and wonderful for us all!
Prayers!