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Why not tell a story to your children this weekend...
The Orphan Boy and His Dog
Story adapted from a T'boli tale by Laura Simms
This tale was gathered originally by three T'Boli Scholars: Faw-Wanan, Waning Negwan, and Gadu Udal. The tales were collected and written down in 1973 and later translated into English. (The T'boli live on the southern part of the island of Mindanoa in the Philippines. They are Malay in complexion and gather in seven villages around Lake Sebu. The datu is the head man in charge of village affairs. Until recently, they have had little contact with the modern world, but are known for their sophisticated weaving and their epic literature. Laura Simms visited the T'Boli in autumn 1996. The manuscript from which this story is adapted was given to Laura by anthropologist Helen Alegado in Davoa City, Mindanoa.)
There was an orphan boy who was unhappy. His only companion was a little dog. He lived with his aunt and uncle who mistreated him. They beat the child, gave him only leftovers to eat, and rags instead of clothes. The poor child worked all day and slept in the ashes by the fire at night.
The orphan boy did whatever he was told. He worked hard and never complained. If he disobeyed he was burned or beaten, and the little dog was beaten as well. Everyone in the village made fun of the child, "He is lazy and stupid." The other children avoided him calling out, "He is an ugly child who has no clothes."
One morning, the boy was sent to fetch water. The puppy followed behind him. When they got to the well, the dog began to bark. A tiny old man stood near the cliff. His white beard hung to the earth. The child was frightened, but the puppy began to yelp and ran toward the little man.
The little man said, "Do not be afraid of me. I have something to tell you." The boy walked toward the man as if he was under a spell.
"I have seen how much you suffer," said the little man, "You and your puppy must follow me." They followed the man to the foot of a tree.
"I do not see anything," remarked the boy.
The man said, "Your eyes are blurred." He gave the boy and the dog medicine with which they washed their eyes.
Then the little man said, "Keep your eyes closed until I tell you to open them." The boy was afraid. He heard the man unsheathe his bolo (sword). The child trembled, afraid to move. But he could not stand his fear and opened his eyes. He saw a huge snake moving toward him. He screamed, "I am going to die."
He heard a strange voice, like the buzz of a mosquito, "If you obey me you will have good fortune. But if you keep your eyes open, you will have bad fortune. Do not be afraid of the snake." The boy closed his eyes.
All of a sudden, he heard his puppy wail. Then someone tapped him on the forehead saying, "open your eyes." When he opened his eyes he saw a large dog standing before him. When he looked at himself he was dressed in sparkling clothes. His scars and dirt were gone. He was standing next to a house with glass walls.
The man spoke, "You are away from your village and you are away from danger. In my house there are many treasures. But, you can not eat any food in my world because you will not be able to return home. My family is away for four days. You must return home and then come back here to meet them. Your people have been very cruel to you, but one day they will honor you."
The old man gave the boy and the dog some special medicine so they could return to the glass house when they needed to return, then he turned them into their former selves, and turned himself back into a little old man.
The orphan was standing beside the well. He heard his aunt calling angrily for him, "What takes you so long to draw water?"
The orphan boy ran with the water. The little dog ran behind him. At home, his aunt beat him and the dog with a bamboo stick and pushed them into the garbage.
At that time, in the house where the boy was living, there was to be a great wedding feast. The three sons of the datu were to marry three princesses.
The orphan boy was given three times as many chores to do in preparation for the wedding. The three sons were not present because they were looking for the many gifts that the girls asked for their dowries: tedyung (black cloth to make skirts), kamagi (gold for jewelry), fanid ndol (the woven cloth called tinaluk), kfilan (special swords), ulew ndol (red turbans) and brass musical instruments.
The three daughters arrived and waited.
The orphan and the puppy left the kitchen to watch the celebrations. But the people called out, "Drive that ugly filthy child and his hideous dog away. They will bring bad luck. They are a source of embarrassment." The aunt mercilessly beat the boy and the puppy and then forced them to work again. No one took pity on the child.
The child and the dog ran as fast as they could to the well. They covered themselves with the medicine the old man had given them and passed through to the other world. The man welcomed them. He introduced the boy to his wife and two children. The man's wife was a beautiful. Her hair was coiled on the top of her head as elegantly as a finely woven basket. If she was to let down her hair it would reach her feet. She said, "Stay with us until the feast is over. You have suffered enough."
The orphan boy was given food to eat. The big dog was also given food. The man gave the boy two charms: one for good luck and one for bad luck. He said, "Use the good charm tonight at midnight. The youngest princess will see who you are. But, be careful not to confuse the two charms."
Then the boy and the puppy returned as they were before. When they reached the house they were beaten again, because they had been gone so long.
All evening and all night the boy tended the fire and stirred the rice. Eventually, everyone went to sleep. Only the youngest princess could not sleep because she did not want to marry one of the three datus. As the orphan was stirring the rice he thought, "The three datus think that they are the most powerful leaders. But they do not realize that I, whom they despise, will be the most powerful datu."
At midnight, he carefully chose the good luck charm and rubbed it on himself. The fireplace instantly turned into a well-woven mat. The bamboo frame of the stove became two pillows. The fire turned into a lamp and the stones on which he slept became valuable gongs. Everything in the kitchen became a priceless treasure of this world, and theorphan boy became a handsome young man and the dog became ferocious.
The youngest princess went into the kitchen. To her amazement she saw the young man and his place of treasures. She saw his beauty and the power of the dog. She knew it was not a dream. She awoke her mother, but when the old woman went to look, she saw only the filthy orphan boy and his ragged dog.
The youngest princess returned to her bed. She fell asleep and dreamed. The little old man came to her dream and said, "When you must choose a young man tomorrow, choose the orphan boy. You will live in a house of glass and mirrors and be surrounded by treasures. He will be kind and loving. The orphan boy will be the strongest datu." She awoke to the sound of bells and gongs. The wedding ceremonies were beginning.
Each of the young men was seated under nets. Behind the men were rows of horses, cows, water buffalo, sheep and goats. This was the dowry to be given to the fathers of the brides.
As the sun rose, each of the girls was to sit beside their chosen husband under the mosquito net. But the youngest princess had made a form from a pillow the size of a girl and she placed that beneath the net beside the youngest datu. When it was discovered, her father yelled at her. "You must go and choose your husband."
The youngest princess started running. She ran near to the datu, but instead of sitting down beside him, she ran all the way to the orphan boy and sat beside him near the fire. Her father tried to pull her away. She cried out, "If you pull me away or harm the orphan, I will die with him."
The youngest datu was enraged. He lifted up his sword and went to kill the orphan and the princess. But, the orphan took out his good luck charm. He rubbed it on himself and on the dog. He shed his ugly skin and stood up a powerful and handsome young man. The dog grew ten times its size and pounced on the datu's son. Everything in the kitchen turned to treasures.
The people who saw what had happened fell to their knees. The aunt, who had been so cruel, ran to the boy, and put her head by his feet. But, the dog intercepted and bit her hands.
The orphan boy married the princess, and from that day onwards he became the most powerful datu. They lived in that village for a long time.
Then, one morning, all the people saw a flash of lightening. Suddenly, the little old man appeared. His white beard hung down to the earth. When the sky cleared, the boy, the princess, the old man and the dog were gone. They all lived happily in the other world in the house of treasures.
Kyiv or Kiev (Київ) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine, located in the north-central part of the country on the River Dnieper. The population in 2015 was 2,887,974, making it the 7th most populous city in Europe.
Kyiv is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and historical landmarks. The city has an extensive system of public transport and infrastructure, including the Kyiv Metro.
The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders. During its history, Kyiv, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kyiv was a tributary of the Khazars, until its capture by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasions in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours; first by Lithuania, followed by Poland and ultimately Russia.
The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In 1918, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from Soviet Russia, Kyiv became its capital. From 1921 onwards Kyiv was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, and, from 1934, Kyiv was its capital. During World War II, the city was almost completely ruined, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, remaining the third largest city of the Soviet Union.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991, Kyiv remained the capital of Ukraine and experienced a steady migration influx of ethnic Ukrainians from other regions of the country. During the country's transformation to a market economy and electoral democracy, Kyiv has continued to be Ukraine's largest and wealthiest city. Kyiv's armament-dependent industrial output fell after the Soviet collapse, adversely affecting science and technology. But new sectors of the economy such as services and finance facilitated Kyiv's growth in salaries and investment, as well as providing continuous funding for the development of housing and urban infrastructure. Kyiv emerged as the most pro-Western region of Ukraine where parties advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections.
Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev
The construction of new accommodation for University of Lincoln students alongside Brayford Way Bridge, in Lincoln, Lincolnshire.
The University of Lincoln developed from a number of educational institutions in Hull including the Hull School of Art (1861), the Hull Technical Institute (1893), the Roman Catholic teacher-training Endsleigh College (1905), the Hull Central College of Commerce (1930), and Kingston upon Hull College of Education (1913). These institutions merged in 1976 to form Hull College of Higher Education, with a change of name to Humberside College of Higher Education in 1983 when it absorbed several courses in fishing, food and manufacturing based in Grimsby.
In 1992 it was one of the many institutions in the UK to become full universities as, briefly, the University of Humberside, growing to 13,000 students by 1993.
The cathedral city of Lincoln was without its own university, so the University of Humberside was approached to develop a new campus to the south west of the city centre, overlooking the Brayford Pool. The University was renamed the University of Lincolnshire and Humberside in January 1996, taking in its first 500 Lincoln students in September 1996, intending to grow to about 4,000 Lincoln based students within four years.
Opened by Queen Elizabeth II, the University's main campus in Lincoln was the first new city centre campus to be built in the UK for decades. More than £150 million has been invested in the Brayford Pool campus, transforming a city centre brownfield site, revitalising the area and attracting investment from the retail, leisure and property sectors. Economists estimate that the University has created at least 3,000 new jobs within Lincoln and that it generates more than £250 million every year for the local economy – doubling previous local economic growth rates.
The consolidation involved the University acquiring Leicester-based De Montfort University's schools in Lincolnshire: the Lincoln School of Art and Design in uphill Lincoln, and the Lincolnshire School of Agriculture's sites at Riseholme, Caythorpe and Holbeach. Caythorpe was later closed permanently and its activities moved to Riseholme. Courses held in Grimsby were also moved to Lincoln around this time.
In 2012 all Further Education provision was transferred from Riseholme College to Bishop Burton College. Bishop Burton College are now responsible for the Riseholme College to the north of the city.
Throughout the late-1990s, the University's sites in Hull were considerably scaled down as the focus shifted towards Lincoln. In 2001 this process was taken a step further when the decision was made to move the administrative headquarters and management to Lincoln and to sell the Cottingham Road campus in Hull, the former main campus, to its neighbour, the University of Hull; the site is now the home of the Hull York Medical School. Until 2012 the University maintained a smaller campus, the Derek Crothall Building, in Hull city centre. A smaller campus and student halls on Beverley Road, Hull, were also sold for redevelopment.
All in One educational and enjoyable Girls game with Math Play, Music, Paint, Breakfast whit tree different cook options, Clean Up School Bus & Space adventures with cute aliens. Sweet Little Emma dreams of going to school and learning a lot of new things. She is a little too young for it but she wants to get ready! Meet little Emma in her dream Playschool to play and learn! This game is specially designed for kids to play and learn for fun. In this super colorful and exciting game kids will learn math, music, colors, cooking and creative kids crafts. Sweet Little Emma will also invite kids to design the most beautiful school uniforms or play in the space with catch and help cute aliens. Game include this Activities and Features: *** Bag - Free to Play *** - Help to prepare Emma's Bag with her school things. - Simple drag-and-drop game play. - Decorate Emma's School Bag with many different cool colorful stickers! *** Breakfast *** Breakfast! And what’s the best thing to eat for breakfast? * Cereal * - Cereal! Delicious crunchy honey cereal, floating in creamy ice-cold milk! - Mmm….so good and yummy! Have you ever tried making cereal on your own? Now you can create your own yummy, healthy cereal, just the way you like it! - You don’t have to be an expert chef to make awesome food…with Cereal Maker, you can make your perfect breakfast any time of day! * Sandwich * - Enjoy making delicious School Lunch with Sweet Little Emma. - Be the ultimate sandwich chef and prepare sandwiches of every kind and for every occasion. - Prepare the most delicious, egg, ketchup, salad and club sandwiches ever! * Smoothie * - It’s time to make some delicious organic yummy fresh Smoothie with Emma. - Make your yummy, mouthwatering, delicious berries, mango and pear. Just mix up a smoothie and slurp. It's so cool! *** Space *** - Learning about our planets can be a lot of fun!. - While you explore the universe, you'll find friendly aliens and they need your help! - You will have to dodge asteroids to complete awesome daily missions and much more! - Enjoy cute characters, smooth animations, nice background music and cool sound effects. *** Music *** - Play simple piano which is suitable for children and beginners. The easiest way to play piano, guaranteed. - Learn to play different wonderful kids songs and exploring different sounds! - The whole family can develop their musical talent and playing songs together! *** Bus - Free to Play*** In this mini game, get ready to clean up, wash, wax and decorate the garage, inside and outside! Then help Emma to wash her hands. Enjoy beautiful graphics and funny animations throughout the whole game, accompanied with beautiful melodies, funny moments and great sound effects. - Drive Emma and her friends to school in a nice, clean and decorated bus! You and Sweet Little Emma can experience the complete Play School Adventure and visit all beautiful dreamlike following places! *** Math Play *** - Math Play is an amazing education part for your preschools kids. Solve playful and simple math tasks with various combinations! - With this game, your kid will learn to compare numbers: Greater Than, Less Than, or Equal. - Nice animated objects with peaceful background music. - Click the right answer and win coins! *** Funny Brush *** - Preschool children will love coloring! - All colored paintings with cute characters and funny sounds! Collect Super Cute Stickers! Sweet Little Emma has a sticker book. Every time you will reach a new level, you will get a sticker as a reward. Collect all awardschool stickers! TV Time! Tap the TV, watch kids videos with Emma and get extra coins!
Educational material which is printed, cut, laminated and velcroed (it may not be a verb but it sure should be!).
With the approach of May, Camp Italia is changing some habits in the direction of improving the services offered to the Community in the Italian language of the Second Life platform.
The Educational part will see an increase in the hours that the Support Team dedicates to new users and to all users who need assistance.
In this direction, new courses will be borrowed from the Camp Italia sim, and the theoretical-practical lessons will be held in the Educational area of the sim.
Stay Safe, stay Home, enjoy Camp Italia!
Camp Italia Slurl>
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Camp%20Italia/127/64/23
Camp Italia Official Website>
© Alex Masi
Join our documentary photography workshop with Alex Masi.
20-26 September in Krakow, Poland.
Alex will join workshopx team to hold an intensive, week-long educational project. This will be a great opportunity to gain essential experience while working on a real-life assignment and learn how to efficiently manage your future long-term projects.
Alex Masi started his professional career in 2006. Extensively investigating and photographing humanitarian and socio-environmental issues in South Asia and the Middle East, he quickly became one of the most active, renowned and awarded photojournalists of the young generation.
Application deadline: 30 Aug 2015.
Learn more: bit.ly/Alex_Masi_in_Krakow
Caption:
A young boy is crying for attention inside a makeshift house in Oriya Basti, one of the water-affected colonies near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
Bhopal, India 2009.
The book is fully illustrated, features a nicely condensed history of the space program up to 1967, and comes in a 64-page softcover format. The “Science Service” was a nonprofit organization founded in 1921 by journalist E. W. Scripps and zoologist William Emerson Ritter. Its mission was to make scientific knowledge accessible to the public, especially young readers and educators. It later became known as Society for Science, which still publishes “Science News” today. It was deeply involved in promoting science literacy during the Cold War era, when public interest in space and technology surged.
The “Science Program” label on the book refers to a series of educational publications produced in collaboration with Science Service and commercial publishers like Nelson Doubleday. They were not strictly school textbooks, but they were designed to be classroom-friendly and were often used in school libraries, science clubs, and enrichment programs. Many were sold through mail-order book clubs, such as the Science Program Book Club, which offered affordable science books to families and educators.
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The opening paragraph of “Man in Space” is a glorious slice of Cold War-era space enthusiasm. Although exaggerated, it is emotionally honest to its time:
"OUR VAST NEW FRONTIER --All of us living today are witnesses to one of the greatest adventures of this or any other century. Hundreds of years from now historians will be looking back to the 1960s as the most thrilling age of exploration since Columbus led the way across the mysterious 'Ocean Sea' to the New World five centuries ago. This time the frontier is not the ocean, but space . . ."
For a science book aimed at sparking wonder, it’s a powerful opener. It sets the tone not just for factual content, but for a cultural moment when space was a canvas for hope and ambition. While the 1960s were thrilling, historians now view the space race as just one chapter in a much longer story of technological evolution, which includes the digital revolution, genomic mapping, or even deep sea discoveries.
"Prehistoric Birds & Reptiles," vintage 1961 book. Illustration by Zdenek Burian.
This image is for educational purposes only. All rights remain with the original author(s).
© Alex Masi
Join our documentary photography workshop with Alex Masi.
20-26 September in Krakow, Poland.
Alex will join workshopx team to hold an intensive, week-long educational project. This will be a great opportunity to gain essential experience while working on a real-life assignment and learn how to efficiently manage your future long-term projects.
Alex Masi started his professional career in 2006. Extensively investigating and photographing humanitarian and socio-environmental issues in South Asia and the Middle East, he quickly became one of the most active, renowned and awarded photojournalists of the young generation.
Application deadline: 30 Aug 2015.
Learn more: bit.ly/Alex_Masi_in_Krakow
An unlicensed miner is taking a break from extracting ore containing gold, and other metals like lead, to be sold and processed in artisanal sites, near Dareta village, Zamfara State, Nigeria. On October 28, 2011, in this very same mining site, four workers died buried under the ground when a pit suddenly collapsed. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
Nigeria 2012
Permission granted for journalism outlets and educational purposes. Not for commercial use. Must be credited. Photo courtesy of South Dakota Public Broadcasting.
©2017 SDPB
after the radio the television was introduced into the classroom in 1958 and was used until the computer age which manifested in full force during the 1970's and 80's
The Battleship New Jersey which now serves as a ship/ educational museum. Docked in Camden New Jersey across from Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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USS New Jersey (BB-62; "Big J" or "Black Dragon"[2]) is an Iowa-class battleship, and was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the US state of New Jersey. New Jersey earned more battle stars for combat actions than the other three completed Iowa-class battleships, and was the only US battleship providing gunfire support during the Vietnam War.
During World War II, New Jersey shelled targets on Guam and Okinawa, and screened aircraft carriers conducting raids in the Marshall Islands. During the Korean War, she was involved in raids up and down the North Korean coast, after which she was decommissioned into the United States Navy reserve fleets, better known as the "mothball fleet". She was briefly reactivated in 1968 and sent to Vietnam to support US troops before returning to the mothball fleet in 1969. Reactivated once more in the 1980s as part of the 600-ship Navy program, New Jersey was modernized to carry missiles and recommissioned for service. In 1983, she participated in US operations during the Lebanese Civil War.
New Jersey was decommissioned for the last time in 1991 (after serving a total of 21 years in the active fleet), having earned a Navy Unit Commendation for service in Vietnam and 19 battle and campaign stars for combat operations during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Lebanese Civil War, and service in the Persian Gulf. After a brief retention in the mothball fleet, she was donated to the Home Port Alliance in Camden, New Jersey, and began her career as a museum ship 15 October 2001. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_New_Jersey_%28BB-62%29
image by Photo George
copyright ©2007 GCheatle
all rights reserved
locator: _GNP1359 A
Shampoo, comb, cut, color, style and dress up very cute animals: cat, dog, rabbit and sheep! Don’t keep them waiting! These cute and fluffy animals are going to the party! Change their haircuts and style. Color, cut, shave, wash, dry, comb and style their hair, fur. Play fashion designer and dress up animals in crazy fashionable clothes. GAME FEATURES Rabbit Ariel Hair Care Ariel is going to rock concert tonight! Cut her in style and help her change fur color from blue to candy pink! Try even more colors and get the right hair accessories while you play the best rabbit dress up! Dog Jay Moustache Care Young Dog Jay is going to meet his friends. He needs stylish moustache! Cut his long beard and make classy moustache for him. When you’re done with moustache, take care of the hair. New hairstyle just asks for new clothes - play Dog Jay dress up and find him a perfect clothes, watches and glasses! You can even change his moustache style! Sheep Claudia Fur Care Little fashionista Sheep Claudia is so soft and woolly but summer is coming and she wants to be prepared for hot sunny days! Make the right cuts, apply hair dye, shower and dry little Sheep. Fun dress up is what’s next: mix and match shoes, roller-skates, glasses, scarves, necklaces and shoulder bags! Cat André 4000 Fur Care Famous hip-hop artist Cat André 4000 is tired of being all fluffy and cute. He is the most exclusive cat in the street! Hairstyle and fur style change is just a start, you’ll need to work on his clothes too. Play cat dress up, choose from full caps, necklaces, bracelets and sneakers.
The Kennedy Center opened to the public in September 1971. But its roots date back to 1958, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed bipartisan legislation creating a National Cultural Center, P.L. 85-874.
The National Cultural Center Act included four basic components: it authorized the Center's construction, spelled out an artistic mandate to present a wide variety of both classical and contemporary performances, specified an educational mission for the Center, and stated that the Center was to be an independent facility, self-sustaining, and privately funded. These same principles still guide the Center’s work today.
A lifelong supporter and advocate of the arts, President John F. Kennedy frequently steered the public discourse toward what he called "our contribution to the human spirit." Kennedy took the lead in raising funds for the new National Cultural Center, kicking off a $30 million fundraising campaign in November of 1962, holding special White House luncheons and receptions, appointing his wife Jacqueline and Mrs. Eisenhower as honorary co-chairwomen, and in other ways placing the prestige of his office firmly behind the endeavor.
President Kennedy also attracted to the project the man who would become the Center's guiding light for nearly three decades. By the time Kennedy appointed him as chairman of the Center in 1961, Roger L. Stevens had already achieved spectacular success in real estate, politics, fundraising, and the arts. Over the next 30 years, Stevens would oversee the Center's construction, then would shepherd it to prominence as a crucible for the best in music, dance, and theater.
Two months after President Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, Congress passed and President Johnson signed into law legislation renaming the National Cultural Center (designed by Edward Durell Stone) as a "living memorial" to Kennedy (P.L. 88-260). The Law authorized $23 million to help build what was now known as the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Fundraising continued at a swift pace—with much help coming from the Friends of the Kennedy Center volunteers, who fanned out across the nation to attract private support—and nations around the world began donating funds, building materials, and artworks to assist in the project's completion. In December 1964, President Lyndon Johnson turned the first shovelful of earth at the Center's construction site, using the same gold-plated spade that had been used in the groundbreaking ceremonies for both the Lincoln Memorial in 1914 and the Jefferson Memorial in 1938.
From its very beginnings, the Kennedy Center has represented a unique public/private partnership. As the nation's living memorial to President Kennedy, the Center receives federal funding each year to pay for capital repairs and maintenance of the buildings and grounds, a federal facility. However, the Center's artistic programs, education initiatives, and most administrative functions are paid for almost entirely through ticket sales and gifts from individuals, corporations, and private foundations.
The Center made its public debut on September 8, 1971, with a gala opening performance featuring the world premiere of a Requiem mass honoring President Kennedy, a work commissioned from the legendary composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein.
The occasion enabled Washington to begin earning a reputation as a cultural hub as well as a political one; as The New York Times wrote in a front-page article the next morning, "The capital of this nation finally strode into the cultural age tonight with the spectacular opening of the $70 million [Kennedy Center]...a gigantic marble temple to music, dance, and drama on the Potomac's edge."
Dedication Statements by Original Honorary Chairmen
Published in the inaugural program, September 8, 1971
President Richard Milhous Nixon
Mrs. Patricia Nixon
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson
Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Under Roger Stevens's continued direction, the Kennedy Center presented season after season of the finest and most exciting in the performing arts: new plays by Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, and Tom Stoppard; new ballets by Antony Tudor, Agnes DeMille, and Jerome Robbins; new orchestral scores by Aaron Copland, Dmitri Shostakovich, and John Cage. The Center co-produced musicals including Annie and Pippin in its early years, and later co-produced the American premiere of Les Misérables and co-commissioned the preeminent American opera of recent times, John Adams's Nixon in China. The Center's presence also enabled Washington to become an international stage, hosting the American debuts of the Bolshoi Opera and the Ballet Nacional de Cuba, as well as the first-ever U.S. performances by Italy's legendary La Scala opera company. In 1986, the Kennedy Center welcomed its first artistic affiliate, the National Symphony Orchestra, which had been the Center’s resident orchestra since the 1971 opening.
Ralph P. Davidson succeeded Stevens as Kennedy Center Chairman in 1988, and helped secure an ongoing Japanese endowment that brings that nation's arts to Washington each year. (Another of Japan's gifts to the Center, the Terrace Theater, had opened in 1979.) James D. Wolfensohn was elected Chairman in 1990, working with President Lawrence J. Wilker to solidify the Center’s fundraising, strengthen its relations with Congress, and extend the nationwide reach of its education programs to serve millions of young people in every state.
James A. Johnson began his tenure as the Kennedy Center's fourth Chairman in May 1996. His vision for a performing arts center attractive to people of all income levels and artistic tastes led him to create the Performing Arts for Everyone initiative, increasing the visibility of the Center's frequent low-priced and free events. He created and endowed the Millennium Stage, which presents a free event every day of the year at 6 p.m.; Millennium Stage performances are also streamed live and archived online, thereby making Kennedy Center performances accessible to audiences worldwide.
By 2001, Johnson, whose stewardship had greatly enlarged the Center's artistic endowment, was joined by the Center's new president Michael M. Kaiser, former head of the Royal Opera House and earlier of American Ballet Theatre. Kaiser, who stepped down as Kennedy Center President in August 2014, oversaw all the artistic activities at the Kennedy Center, increased the Center's already broad educational efforts, established Kennedy Center Arts Management Program, created unprecedented theater festivals celebrating the works of Stephen Sondheim and Tennessee Williams, and arranged for continuing visits by St. Petersburg's Mariinsky Theater Opera, Ballet, and Orchestra, and the Royal Shakespeare Company. During this time, the Center also became known for its spectacular, multi-week international festivals, including those dedicated to the art and artists of China, India, Japan, the nations of the Middle East, and more. In 2011, Kaiser oversaw the affiliation of Washington National Opera with the Kennedy Center.
Stephen A. Schwarzman began his service as the fifth Chairman of the Kennedy Center Board of Trustees in May 2004. His commitment and interest in the arts, and particularly theater, was highlighted by a gift of $10 million to the Center's theater program, which has since produced new productions of such classics as Mame and Carnival!; August Wilson's 20th Century, the playwright's complete 10-play cycle performed as fully staged readings; a major revival production of Ragtime that transferred to Broadway in October 2009; and Terrence McNally's Nights at the Opera, in which three of the playwright's works were performed concurrently in three Kennedy Center theaters.
David M. Rubenstein, co-founder and managing director of The Carlyle Group, one of the world's largest private equity firms, was named Chairman of the Kennedy Center in May 2010. Since then, Rubenstein has pledged more than $25 million to the Kennedy Center in support of the National Symphony Orchestra, the Center's artistic and educational programming, major annual events, and the Rubenstein Arts Access Program, which seeks to increase access to the arts to the underserved, the underprivileged, young people, and members of our armed services. Rubenstein's accomplishments at the Kennedy Center include the appointment of Deborah F. Rutter as the third-ever Kennedy Center President.
On June 8, 2012, bipartisan legislation was signed into law (P.L. 112-131) authorizing the construction of an expansion project at the Center using private funding. The law recognized that the Center needed classroom space, rehearsal space, and event space to provide greater accessibility to the Center’s programs and performances for the general public. Mr. Rubenstein pledged $50 million as the lead gift for the Kennedy Center's Expansion Project, called the REACH—a nod to President Kennedy’s inspirational and aspirational vision for human potential.
An accomplished arts leader known for emphasizing collaboration, innovation, and community engagement, Deborah Rutter began her tenure at the Kennedy Center September 1, 2014. Among her accomplishments, she has recommitted to putting artists at the core of work at the Center, forging formal directorships and artistic advisorships with Yo-Yo Ma, Renée Fleming, Damian Woetzel, Q-Tip, and others. She appointed Marc Bamuthi Joseph as the Center’s first Vice President and Artistic Director for Social Impact, and inaugurated the Center’s formal hip-hop culture program, in both cases opening the doors ever-wider to communities and refining the role that art plays in our collective cultural narrative.
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Welcome to the neighborhood pet shop! We've got the perfect pet for everyone! But until someone comes in that door and takes the animals home, it's up to you to take care of the animals! Bathe them, feed them, clip their nails, clean their living areas and more! Then, after the work is done, dress them up in their own little fashion show! There are so many clothing options to choose from! GAME FEATURES: Dog Give Spots a bath, clip his nails, splat his fleas, feed him and dress him up! Cat Clean Ruby's litter box, clip his nails, splat his fleas, feed him and dress him up! Rabbit Clean Hoppy's cage, feed her, brush her fur, clip her nails and dress her up! Hamster Clean Gizmo's cage, feed him, let him run on his hamster wheel and dress him up! Fish Clean Bubbles's tank, refill it with water, and customize her look! Bird Clean Chirpy's cage, feed her, wash her, clip her nails, and dress her up!