View allAll Photos Tagged dohms
Die geheimnissvollen zwillinge tauchten heute plötzlich in Dohmen auf. Da musste die Kamera Klicken! Die eine redet wie ein Wasserfall und die andere schweigt wie ein Grab.
The Gastown riot, known also in the plural as Gastown riots, also known as "The Battle of Maple Tree Square", occurred in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on August 7, 1971. Following weeks of arrests by undercover drug squad members in Vancouver as part of a special police operation directed by Mayor Tom Campbell, police attacked a peaceful protest smoke-in in the Gastown neighbourhood. The smoke-in, organized by the Youth International Party (Vancouver Yippies) against the use of undercover agents and in favour of the legalization of marijuana. Of around two thousand protesters, 79 were arrested and 38 were charged.
Police were accused of heavy-handed tactics including indiscriminate beatings with their newly issued riot batons. They also used horse-back charges on crowds of onlookers and tourists.
A commission of inquiry into the incident was headed by Supreme Court Justice Thomas Dohm. The Inquiry cited the Yippies as instigators of the Smoke-In, calling them "intelligent and dangerous individuals," but was highly critical of the police's conduct and described the incident as a police riot.
The Gastown riots are commemorated in a two-story-high 2009 photo mural called Abbott & Cordova, August 7, 1971 by local artist Stan Douglas, installed in the atrium of the redeveloped Woodward's Complex.
© All Rights Reserved
Goslar is situated in the middle of the upper half of Germany, about 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of Braunschweig and about 70 km (43 mi) southeast of the state capital Hannover. The Schalke mountain is the highest elevation within the municipal boundaries at 762 metres (2,500 feet). The lowest point of 175 m (574 ft) is near the Oker river. Geographically, Goslar forms the boundary between the Hildesheim Börde which is part of the Northern German Plain, and the Harz range, which is the highest, northern-most extension of Germany's Central Uplands. The Hildesheim Börde is characterised by plains with rich clay soils – used agriculturally for sugar beet farming – interlaced with several hill ranges commonly known as the Hildesheim Forest and Salzgitter Hills. In the northeast the Harly Forest stretches down to the Oker river, in the east Goslar borders on the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
Immediately to the south, the Harz range rise above the historic borough at a height of 636 m (2,087 ft) at Mt. Rammelsberg. Extended forests dominate the landscape. The major rivers crossing the municipal boundaries is the Oker with its Gose/Abzucht and Radau tributaries. The eponymic Gose River originates approximately 9 kilometres (6 miles) south-west of Goslar at the Auerhahn Pass (638 m (2,093 ft)) east of the Bocksberg mountain. At the northern foot of the Herzberg (632 m (2,073 ft)) it meets the smaller Abzucht stream, before it flows into the Oker. The Dörpke and Gelmke streams also flow from the Harz foothills to the south into the Goslar municipal area, where they discharge into the Abzucht.
History of Goslar
Iron ore mining was common in the Harz region since Roman times; the earliest known evidences for quarying and smelting date back to the 3rd century AD. Ancient burial objects made of Harz ore have even been discovered during excavations in England. The settlement on the Gose creek was first mentioned in a 979 deed issued by Emperor Otto II; it was located in the Saxon homelands of the Ottonian dynasty and probably a royal palace (Königspfalz) already existed at the site. It became even more important when extensive silver deposits were discovered at the nearby Rammelsberg, today a mining museum.
When Otto's descendant Henry II began to convene Imperial synods at the Goslar palace from 1009 onwards, Goslar gradually replaced the Royal palace of Werla as a central place of assembly in the Saxon lands; a development that was again enforced by the Salian ("Franconian") emperors. Conrad II, once elected King of the Romans, celebrated Christmas 1024 in Goslar and had the foundations laid for the new Imperial Palace (Kaiserpfalz Goslar) the next year.
Goslar became the favourite residence of Conrad's son Henry III who stayed at the palace about twenty times. Here he received King Peter of Hungary as well as the emissaries of Prince Yaroslav of Kiev, here he appointed bishops and dukes. His son and successor Henry IV was born here on 11 November 1050. Henry also had Goslar Cathedral erected and consecrated by Archbishop Herman of Cologne in 1051; shortly before his death in 1056, Emperor Henry III met with Pope Victor II in the church, emphasizing the union of secular and ecclesiastical power. His heart was buried in Goslar, his body in the Salian family vault in Speyer Cathedral. Of the cathedral only the northern porch survived; the main building was torn down in the early 19th century.
Under Henry IV, Goslar remained a centre of Imperial rule; however, conflicts intensified such as in the violent Precedence Dispute at Pentecost 1063. While Henry aimed to secure the enormous wealth deriving from the Rammlesberg silver mines as a royal demesne, the dissatisfaction of local nobles escalated with the Saxon Rebellion in 1073–75. In the subsequent Great Saxon Revolt, the Goslar citizens sided with anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, who held a princely assembly here in 1077, and with Hermann of Salm, who was crowned king in Goslar by Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz on 26 December 1081. brought Goslar the status of an Imperial City.
In Spring 1105 Henry V convened the Saxon estates at Goslar, to gain support for the deposition of his father Henry IV. Elected king in the following year, he held six Imperial Diets at the Goslar Palace during his rule. The tradition was adopted by his successor Lothair II and even by the Hohenstaufen rulers Conrad III and Frederick Barbarossa. After his election in 1152, King Frederick appointed the Welf duke Henry the Lion Imperial Vogt (bailiff) of the Goslar mines; nevertheless, the dissatisfied duke besieged the town and at an 1173 meeting in Chiavenna demanded his enfeoffment with the estates in turn for his support on Barbarossa's Italian campaigns. When Henry the Lion was finally declared deposed in 1180, he had the Rammelsberg mines devastated.
Goslar's importance as an Imperial residence began to decline under the rule of Barbarossa's descendants. During the German throne dispute the Welf king Otto IV laid siege to the town in 1198 but had to yield to the forces of his Hohenstaufen rival Philip of Swabia. Goslar was again stormed and plundered by Otto's troops in 1206. Frederick II held the last Imperial Diet here; with the Great Interregnum upon his death in 1250, Goslar's Imperial era ended.
While the Emperors withdraw from Northern Germany, civil liberties in Goslar were strengthened. Market rights date back to 1025; a municipal council (Rat) was first mentioned in 1219. The citizens strived for control of the Rammelsberg silver mines and in 1267 joined the Hanseatic League. Beside mining in the Upper Harz, commerce and trade in Gose beer, later also slate and vitriol, became important. By 1290 the council had obtained Vogt rights, confirming Goslar's status as a free imperial city. In 1340 its citizens were vested with Heerschild rights by Emperor Louis the Bavarian. The Goslar town law set an example for numerous other municipalities, like the Goslar mining law codified in 1359.
Early modern times saw both a mining boom and rising conflicts with the Welf Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, mainly with Prince Henry V of Wolfenbüttel who seized the Rammelsberg mines and extended Harz forests in 1527. Though a complaint was successfully lodged with the Reichskammergericht by the Goslar citizens, a subsequent gruelling feud with the duke lasted for decades. Goslar was temporarily placed under Imperial ban, while the Protestant Reformation was introduced in the city by theologian Nicolaus von Amsdorf who issued a first church constitution in 1531. To assert independence, the citizens in 1536 joined the Schmalkaldic League against the Catholic policies of the Habsburg emperor Charles V. The Schmalkaldic forces indeed occupied the Wolfenbüttel lands of Henry V, however, when they were defeated by Imperial forces at the 1547 Battle of Mühlberg, the Welf duke continued his reprisals.
In 1577 the Goslar citizens signed the Lutheran Formula of Concord. After years of continued skirmishes, they finally had to grant Duke Henry and his son Julius extensive mining rights which ultimately edged out the city council. Nevertheless, several attempts by the Brunswick dukes to incorporate the Imperial city were rejected. Goslar and its economy was hit hard by the Thirty Years' War, mainly by the Kipper und Wipper financial crisis in the 1620s which led to several revolts and pogroms. Facing renewed aggressions by Duke Christian the Younger of Brunswick, the citizens sought support from the Imperial military leaders Tilly and Wallenstein. The city was occupied by the Swedish forces of King Gustavus Adolphus from 1632 to 1635; in 1642 a peace agreement was reached between Emperor Ferdinand III and the Brunswick duke Augustus the Younger. The hopes of the Goslar citizens to regain the Rammelsberg mines were not fulfilled.
Goslar remained loyal to the Imperial authority, solemnly celebrating each accession of a Holy Roman Emperor. While strongly referring to its great medieval traditions, the city continuously decreased in importance and got into rising indebtedness. When Johann Wolfgang von Goethe stayed at Goslar in 1777, he called it "an Imperial city rotted in and with its privileges". In the winter of 1798, the coldest of the century, the young English poet William Wordsworth stayed in the city. To dispel homesickness he started to write a few verses about his childhood, which would eventually evolve into the masterpiece that was published in 13 volumes after his death as The Prelude.[5]
First administrative reforms were enacted by councillors of the Siemens family. Nevertheless, the status of Imperial immediacy was finally lost, when Goslar was annexed by Prussian forces during the Napoleonic Wars in 1802, confirmed by the German Mediatisation the next year. Under Prussian rule, further reforms were pushed ahead by councillor Christian Wilhelm von Dohm. Temporarily part of the Kingdom of Westphalia upon the Prussian defeat at the 1806 Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, Goslar finally was assigned to the newly established Kingdom of Hanover by resolution of the Vienna Congress. The cathedral was sold and torn down from 1820 to 1822, bitterly mourned by Heinrich Heine in his Harzreise travelogue. Again under Prussian rule after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Goslar became a popular retirement residence (Pensionopolis) and a garrison town of the Prussian Army. The Hohenzollern kings and emperors had the Imperial Palace restored, including the mural paintings by Hermann Wislicenus.
After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Reich Minister Richard Walther Darré made Goslar the seat of the agricultural Reichsnährstand corporation. In 1936, the city obtained the title of Reichsbauernstadt. In the course of the German re-armament, a Luftwaffe airbase was built north of the town and several war supplier companies located in the vicinity, including subcamps of the Buchenwald and Neuengamme concentration camps. Nevertheless, the historic town escaped strategic bombing during World War II.
Part of the British occupation zone from 1945, Goslar was the site of a displaced persons camp. During the Cold War era the city near the inner German border was a major garrison town for the West German army, the border police as well as the French Forces in Germany. After the fall of the Berlin wall, the barracks were vacated and a major economic factor was lost. The Rammelberg mines were finally closed in 1988, after a millennial history of mining.
/Wikipedia/
Die Alsenbrücke im Zentrum von Berlin nahe dem früheren Lehrter Bahnhof war eine eiserne Mehrgewölbe-Brücke zur Überquerung der Spree und des südlichen Bereiches des Humboldthafens. Die erste Brücke entstand Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, danach folgten Ersatzbauten. Die zuletzt 1928 fertiggestellte dritte Brücke besaß keine südliche Anbindung zur Alsenstraße und war damit keine Spreebrücke mehr. Das neue Bauwerk erhielt den Namen Hugo-Preuß-Brücke und wurde 1933 umbenannt in Admiral-Scheer-Brücke. Am Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs zerstört, wurde diese Straßenbrücke rund 50 Jahre nicht wieder aufgebaut. Erst im Jahr 2002 ließ die Berliner Senatsverwaltung eine neue Straßenbrücke an der alten Stelle errichten. Sie führt die nun Rahel-Hirsch-Straße genannte Uferstraße wieder über den Zufahrtskanal zum Humboldthafen. Im Jahr 2005 wurde dem Neubau der Name Hugo-Preuß-Brücke neu verliehen.
Das weiße Gebäude ist das Humboldthafen Eins und wurde im Sommer 2015 als erstes Gebäude an der Südost-Ecke des Humboldthafenbeckens eröffnet. Es beherbergt seither den Berliner Sitz der Wirtschaftsprüfergesellschaft PricewaterhouseCoopers und das Hauptstadtbüro von MSD Sharp & Dohme.
Das Gebäude zeichnet sich durch ein besonders effizientens Energiemanagement mit integriertem Blockheizkraftwerk und Wärmerückgewinnungs-lüftungsanlagen aus.
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsenbr%C3%BCcke_(Berlin-Moabit)#Hugo-Preu%C3%9F-Br%C3%BCcke_(1928)
Als heute die Kamera klickte und ich unseren Kommandanten Johann Gregorii, der erst vor wenigen Tagen sein weib verlor und Yasmin , Schwester des Leibgardisten des Grafen, am Wasser liegen sah kam mir in den Sinn das sie irgendwie so gar nicht glücklich aussah.
Als Irmi, weiß ich ja das sie ein Bauernopfer war im Spiel um Leben und Tod zwischen Johann und Timo...
Als Dohmens heimliche Rollenspiel-Fotografin frage ich mich lediglich, warum hilft ihr niemand?
Goslar is situated in the middle of the upper half of Germany, about 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of Braunschweig and about 70 km (43 mi) southeast of the state capital Hannover. The Schalke mountain is the highest elevation within the municipal boundaries at 762 metres (2,500 feet). The lowest point of 175 m (574 ft) is near the Oker river. Geographically, Goslar forms the boundary between the Hildesheim Börde which is part of the Northern German Plain, and the Harz range, which is the highest, northern-most extension of Germany's Central Uplands. The Hildesheim Börde is characterised by plains with rich clay soils – used agriculturally for sugar beet farming – interlaced with several hill ranges commonly known as the Hildesheim Forest and Salzgitter Hills. In the northeast the Harly Forest stretches down to the Oker river, in the east Goslar borders on the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
Immediately to the south, the Harz range rise above the historic borough at a height of 636 m (2,087 ft) at Mt. Rammelsberg. Extended forests dominate the landscape. The major rivers crossing the municipal boundaries is the Oker with its Gose/Abzucht and Radau tributaries. The eponymic Gose River originates approximately 9 kilometres (6 miles) south-west of Goslar at the Auerhahn Pass (638 m (2,093 ft)) east of the Bocksberg mountain. At the northern foot of the Herzberg (632 m (2,073 ft)) it meets the smaller Abzucht stream, before it flows into the Oker. The Dörpke and Gelmke streams also flow from the Harz foothills to the south into the Goslar municipal area, where they discharge into the Abzucht.
History of Goslar
Iron ore mining was common in the Harz region since Roman times; the earliest known evidences for quarying and smelting date back to the 3rd century AD. Ancient burial objects made of Harz ore have even been discovered during excavations in England. The settlement on the Gose creek was first mentioned in a 979 deed issued by Emperor Otto II; it was located in the Saxon homelands of the Ottonian dynasty and probably a royal palace (Königspfalz) already existed at the site. It became even more important when extensive silver deposits were discovered at the nearby Rammelsberg, today a mining museum.
When Otto's descendant Henry II began to convene Imperial synods at the Goslar palace from 1009 onwards, Goslar gradually replaced the Royal palace of Werla as a central place of assembly in the Saxon lands; a development that was again enforced by the Salian ("Franconian") emperors. Conrad II, once elected King of the Romans, celebrated Christmas 1024 in Goslar and had the foundations laid for the new Imperial Palace (Kaiserpfalz Goslar) the next year.
Goslar became the favourite residence of Conrad's son Henry III who stayed at the palace about twenty times. Here he received King Peter of Hungary as well as the emissaries of Prince Yaroslav of Kiev, here he appointed bishops and dukes. His son and successor Henry IV was born here on 11 November 1050. Henry also had Goslar Cathedral erected and consecrated by Archbishop Herman of Cologne in 1051; shortly before his death in 1056, Emperor Henry III met with Pope Victor II in the church, emphasizing the union of secular and ecclesiastical power. His heart was buried in Goslar, his body in the Salian family vault in Speyer Cathedral. Of the cathedral only the northern porch survived; the main building was torn down in the early 19th century.
Under Henry IV, Goslar remained a centre of Imperial rule; however, conflicts intensified such as in the violent Precedence Dispute at Pentecost 1063. While Henry aimed to secure the enormous wealth deriving from the Rammlesberg silver mines as a royal demesne, the dissatisfaction of local nobles escalated with the Saxon Rebellion in 1073–75. In the subsequent Great Saxon Revolt, the Goslar citizens sided with anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, who held a princely assembly here in 1077, and with Hermann of Salm, who was crowned king in Goslar by Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz on 26 December 1081. brought Goslar the status of an Imperial City.
In Spring 1105 Henry V convened the Saxon estates at Goslar, to gain support for the deposition of his father Henry IV. Elected king in the following year, he held six Imperial Diets at the Goslar Palace during his rule. The tradition was adopted by his successor Lothair II and even by the Hohenstaufen rulers Conrad III and Frederick Barbarossa. After his election in 1152, King Frederick appointed the Welf duke Henry the Lion Imperial Vogt (bailiff) of the Goslar mines; nevertheless, the dissatisfied duke besieged the town and at an 1173 meeting in Chiavenna demanded his enfeoffment with the estates in turn for his support on Barbarossa's Italian campaigns. When Henry the Lion was finally declared deposed in 1180, he had the Rammelsberg mines devastated.
Goslar's importance as an Imperial residence began to decline under the rule of Barbarossa's descendants. During the German throne dispute the Welf king Otto IV laid siege to the town in 1198 but had to yield to the forces of his Hohenstaufen rival Philip of Swabia. Goslar was again stormed and plundered by Otto's troops in 1206. Frederick II held the last Imperial Diet here; with the Great Interregnum upon his death in 1250, Goslar's Imperial era ended.
While the Emperors withdraw from Northern Germany, civil liberties in Goslar were strengthened. Market rights date back to 1025; a municipal council (Rat) was first mentioned in 1219. The citizens strived for control of the Rammelsberg silver mines and in 1267 joined the Hanseatic League. Beside mining in the Upper Harz, commerce and trade in Gose beer, later also slate and vitriol, became important. By 1290 the council had obtained Vogt rights, confirming Goslar's status as a free imperial city. In 1340 its citizens were vested with Heerschild rights by Emperor Louis the Bavarian. The Goslar town law set an example for numerous other municipalities, like the Goslar mining law codified in 1359.
Early modern times saw both a mining boom and rising conflicts with the Welf Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, mainly with Prince Henry V of Wolfenbüttel who seized the Rammelsberg mines and extended Harz forests in 1527. Though a complaint was successfully lodged with the Reichskammergericht by the Goslar citizens, a subsequent gruelling feud with the duke lasted for decades. Goslar was temporarily placed under Imperial ban, while the Protestant Reformation was introduced in the city by theologian Nicolaus von Amsdorf who issued a first church constitution in 1531. To assert independence, the citizens in 1536 joined the Schmalkaldic League against the Catholic policies of the Habsburg emperor Charles V. The Schmalkaldic forces indeed occupied the Wolfenbüttel lands of Henry V, however, when they were defeated by Imperial forces at the 1547 Battle of Mühlberg, the Welf duke continued his reprisals.
In 1577 the Goslar citizens signed the Lutheran Formula of Concord. After years of continued skirmishes, they finally had to grant Duke Henry and his son Julius extensive mining rights which ultimately edged out the city council. Nevertheless, several attempts by the Brunswick dukes to incorporate the Imperial city were rejected. Goslar and its economy was hit hard by the Thirty Years' War, mainly by the Kipper und Wipper financial crisis in the 1620s which led to several revolts and pogroms. Facing renewed aggressions by Duke Christian the Younger of Brunswick, the citizens sought support from the Imperial military leaders Tilly and Wallenstein. The city was occupied by the Swedish forces of King Gustavus Adolphus from 1632 to 1635; in 1642 a peace agreement was reached between Emperor Ferdinand III and the Brunswick duke Augustus the Younger. The hopes of the Goslar citizens to regain the Rammelsberg mines were not fulfilled.
Goslar remained loyal to the Imperial authority, solemnly celebrating each accession of a Holy Roman Emperor. While strongly referring to its great medieval traditions, the city continuously decreased in importance and got into rising indebtedness. When Johann Wolfgang von Goethe stayed at Goslar in 1777, he called it "an Imperial city rotted in and with its privileges". In the winter of 1798, the coldest of the century, the young English poet William Wordsworth stayed in the city. To dispel homesickness he started to write a few verses about his childhood, which would eventually evolve into the masterpiece that was published in 13 volumes after his death as The Prelude.[5]
First administrative reforms were enacted by councillors of the Siemens family. Nevertheless, the status of Imperial immediacy was finally lost, when Goslar was annexed by Prussian forces during the Napoleonic Wars in 1802, confirmed by the German Mediatisation the next year. Under Prussian rule, further reforms were pushed ahead by councillor Christian Wilhelm von Dohm. Temporarily part of the Kingdom of Westphalia upon the Prussian defeat at the 1806 Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, Goslar finally was assigned to the newly established Kingdom of Hanover by resolution of the Vienna Congress. The cathedral was sold and torn down from 1820 to 1822, bitterly mourned by Heinrich Heine in his Harzreise travelogue. Again under Prussian rule after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Goslar became a popular retirement residence (Pensionopolis) and a garrison town of the Prussian Army. The Hohenzollern kings and emperors had the Imperial Palace restored, including the mural paintings by Hermann Wislicenus.
After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Reich Minister Richard Walther Darré made Goslar the seat of the agricultural Reichsnährstand corporation. In 1936, the city obtained the title of Reichsbauernstadt. In the course of the German re-armament, a Luftwaffe airbase was built north of the town and several war supplier companies located in the vicinity, including subcamps of the Buchenwald and Neuengamme concentration camps. Nevertheless, the historic town escaped strategic bombing during World War II.
Part of the British occupation zone from 1945, Goslar was the site of a displaced persons camp. During the Cold War era the city near the inner German border was a major garrison town for the West German army, the border police as well as the French Forces in Germany. After the fall of the Berlin wall, the barracks were vacated and a major economic factor was lost. The Rammelberg mines were finally closed in 1988, after a millennial history of mining.
/Wikipedia/
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Ein Eurasisches Eichhörnchen hat sich vor ungebetene Blicke versteckt ----- A red squirrel was hiding from uninvited views
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Bild zum 100. Todestag von Hedwig Dohm.Danke für die große Klappe und den Kampf für Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter. TIKA+SHERON
This Pilot Super arrived in almost mint condition from Romania. Everything looks, sounds and feels like new. The mirror is clean, shutter timing is audible and visible accurate in the 4 settings. The Pilot 6 leather case also looks very good.
At first look it can be identified as first version of the Pilot Super. It still has the Z-marked T settings, which disappeared in later versions of the Pilot Super.
But at a closer look you will see the frame finder on the left body side. This is a feature of the old Pilot 6 and only a few of the very first Pilot 6 200 (or Pilot 6 MK II as some people name it). All other features are clearly Pilot Super: 4.5x6 format mask and 3 red windows in the back, Sports finder in the hood and extiction meter
The lens is 1:2.9 f=7.5cm K.W. Anistigmat, looks identical to the Ludwig Pilotar 1:2.9 f=7.5cm on my later Pilot Super.
The serial number in the body is a low one - 25xxx. My other Pilot Super have serials between 30xxx and 39xxx.
The camera manual which came with the camera is printed in August 1938. The exposure guide from Foto Dohm seems to be printed in April 1939.
Deutschland / Baden-Württemberg - Schule Birklehof
Birklehof School (German: Schule Birklehof) is a progressive educational boarding school and grammar school with a holistic approach located in Hinterzarten in the High Black Forest in Germany, approximately 25 km from Freiburg. It is a private coeducational secondary school (German: Gymnasium). Currently, the school has approximately 230 students, 170 of whom are boarders who live on campus. The school was established by educator Kurt Hahn in 1932 and from the beginning accepted girls and boys. Under the Nazi regime, Hahn was forced to emigrate to Scotland where he founded Gordonstoun School as well as later Outward Bound, Round Square and the United World Colleges.
Location
The school is in the postal district of Hinterzarten, although much of the building lies on the territory of neighbouring Breitnau. The building Studio 1 lies on the boundary and is thus used occasionally for joint council meetings between the two municipalities which, according to municipal rules, must take place on their own soil.
Educational philosophy
The school stands in the tradition of progressive education reform, or "reform pedagogy" as it is called in Germany. This movement originated in the 1920s. Among other things, Birklehof prides itself in giving students real responsibility in the running of the school. Student representatives have voting rights on all educational matters in general conferences.
History
Birklehof was founded in 1932 by German educator Kurt Hahn. The old Birklehof is a grade-listed farmhouse dating back to 1550. In the early 1920s, a villa was built on the Birklehof estate by a German industrialist. The estate was then given to Hahn for his school. Hahn, after being driven from Germany by the Nazis, went on to found Gordonstoun in Scotland in 1934 and Atlantic College in 1962. It is also a sister school to the more famous Schloss Salem, founded by Hahn in 1920. In 1946, it was reopened by its then head, German philosopher Georg Picht.
Developments
In 2009, the newest building project was completed with the inauguration of the rebuilt Neubirkle boarding house. This state-of-art eco building will be home to 19 boarders and two teachers' families. It also boasts a flat for a boarding house assistant. In the academic year 2010—11, the school will launch a new third middle-school stream. In addition to Foreign Languages or Sciences, students of Years 8 to 10 will be able to choose a musical specialisation. This will include aspects of drama, film making, fine arts and music. It follows an integrated, project-based approach. Furthermore, the school is in the process of switching to 8 instead of 9 years of grammar school, which will be implemented fully in 2012.
Notable alumni
Karl Heinz Bohrer, German literary scholar and essayist
Caio Koch-Weser, politician, economist, former vice president and managing director of the World Bank
Uwe Nettelbeck, German record producer, journalist and film critic
Herbert Girardet, author, visiting professor at various universities in England, program director of the World Future Council
Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker, German scientist and politician
Gabrielle Donnay, German-born American mineraologist
(Wikipedia)
Die Schule Birklehof ist ein reformpädagogisches Internat und Gymnasium mit ganzheitlichem Schulkonzept in Hinterzarten im Südschwarzwald.
Der Birklehof gehört der Round Square Conference an, einem internationalen Zusammenschluss von Internatsschulen mit gemeinsamer Zielsetzung. Diese Schulen unternehmen zusammen internationale soziale Projekte und pflegen Schüleraustausch quer über alle Kontinente. Außerdem ist der Birklehof Mitglied in der Internate Vereinigung sowie im Schulverbund Blick über den Zaun.
Die Schule gehört postalisch zu Hinterzarten, obwohl sich die Mehrheit der Gebäude auf der Gemarkung Breitnau befindet. Das Gebäude Studio 1 liegt auf der Gemarkungsgrenze und wird daher gelegentlich für gemeinsame Gemeinderatsbeschlüsse der beiden Gemeinden genutzt, die laut Gemeindeordnung auf der jeweiligen Gemarkung stattfinden müssen.
Geschichte
Seinen Namen erhielt der Birklehof von Adam Birkle, der ihn von seinem Schwiegervater Moritz Hecht († 1608) erbte. Die Familie Hecht hatte den Hof schon längere Zeit besessen, von dem eine Legende berichtet, er sei einst das Messmer-Haus zur Kapelle Sankt Oswald im Höllental gewesen. Der Birklehof wurde 1932 als Schwesterschule von Schloss Salem gegründet, die der Pädagoge Kurt Hahn leitete. Besitzer des Birklehofs, der als Landerziehungsheim für Jungen und Mädchen gegründet wurde, war Hans Wendelstadt.
Ab 1933 wurde die Schule von Wilhelm Kuchenmüller geleitet. Von 1940 bis 1942 unterrichtete der spätere Heidelberger Religionsphilosoph Georg Picht am Birklehof. Er verließ die Schule jedoch, da er Kuchenmüller vorwarf, die Verstaatlichung der Schule durch die Nationalsozialisten zu fördern. Allerdings wird an anderer Stelle berichtet, dass Kuchenmüller bis fast zum Ende „Nichtarier“ als Schüler behielt und Lehrer beschäftigte, die im Staatsdienst aus politischen Gründen keine Anstellung mehr finden konnten. Im Sommer 1944 wurde die Schule geschlossen.
Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde die Schule am 7. Januar 1947 wieder eröffnet, auf Wunsch von Wendelstadt mit Georg Picht als Schulleiter. Den Anfang machten 12 interne und etwa 50 externe Schüler. Im Jahr 1947 zerstörte ein Brand Teile des Haupthauses. Am 26. November 1949 wurde der Verein der Schule Birklehof e. V. gegründet, im Jahr darauf erfolgten der Eintrag in das Vereinsregister sowie die Anerkennung der Gemeinnützigkeit.
Im gleichen Jahr wurde Hans Döhmer eingestellt, um Wendelstadt bei der Geschäftsführung zu unterstützen. Zusammen mit einem Steuerberater zeigte er auf, wie schlecht es um die Finanzen der Schule stand. Dies führte zum Rücktritt von Wendelstadt als Geschäftsführer, und Döhmer übernahm dessen Aufgaben. Nach längeren Pachtvertragsverhandlungen gelang es dem Schulträger 1954, das Gelände von Wendelstadt und seiner Familie zu kaufen. In den folgenden Jahren engagierte sich Picht in der Bildungspolitik, wo er unter anderem mit seinem ehemaligen Lateinlehrer Leo Wohleb zu tun hatte. 1955 trat Picht von der Schulleitung zurück, da die von ihm zu Beginn seiner Tätigkeit angekündigten 10 Jahre Schulleitung vorüber waren. Er wurde Vorstandsvorsitzender im Schulverein. Seine Nachfolge trat eine Dreierspitze („Triumvirat“) aus Unterrichtsleiter Rudolf Till, Internatsleiter Ludwig Herchenröther und Wirtschaftsleiter Hans Döhmer an.
1959 verließ Till den Birklehof und ging an die Universität Erlangen. Bereits im Vorfeld begab man sich auf die Suche nach jemandem, der die Nachfolge übernehmen könnte. Zu den damals erwogenen und teilweise angefragten Personen gehörten Klaus Ritter, Heinz Haerten, Dieter Sauberzweig, Karl Friedrich Scheidemann, Charlotte von der Schulenburg, Hartmut von Hentig, Axel von dem Bussche sowie Kurt Thomas. Letzterer war bis 1963 im Gespräch, um im Birklehof ein Musikgymnasium zu realisieren.
Der Schulvorstand bestimmte schon im April 1961 den SPD-nahen Publizisten Helmut Lindemann zum Nachfolger, der jedoch kein Jahr im Amt verblieb. 1963 übernahm der Altphilologe Klaus Weidauer die Position des Schulleiters und bekleidete sie bis 1985. Von 1985 bis 2002 leitete der Historiker Götz Plessing die Internatsschule, der zuvor an der Schule Schloss Salem unterrichtet hatte. Ihm folgte bis zum Ende des Schuljahres 2011/2012 Christof Laumont als Schulleiter, bevor er von Henrik Fass abgelöst wurde.
Als im Jahr 2010 Missbrauchsfälle an der Odenwaldschule im hessischen Heppenheim untersucht wurden, mit der der Birklehof in den 1940er und 1950er Jahren zusammen an einer Reform der Oberstufe gearbeitet hatte, unternahm die Leitung des Birklehofs ebenfalls Nachforschungen in diese Richtung. Dabei wurden Anschuldigungen gegen einen örtlichen Mediziner laut, der über Jahrzehnte Sprechstunden im Birklehof abgehalten hatte und dabei Mädchen und Jungen missbraucht haben soll. Das in diesem Zusammenhang von der Staatsanwaltschaft Freiburg Ende März 2010 eingeleitete Ermittlungsverfahren gegen den Arzt wurde einige Monate später ohne Auflagen eingestellt. Für eine schuldhafte Handlung wurden keine Anzeichen gesehen. Daneben wurde von einem gewalttätigen Lehrer berichtet sowie von drei Lehrkräften, die infolge sexueller Belästigung in den 1950er Jahren entlassen worden seien.
Konzept
Der Birklehof verbindet die schulische Ausbildung mit einem ganzheitlichen Erziehungskonzept. Das bedeutet, dass die Schüler nicht nur auf das Abitur hinarbeiten, sondern sich zugleich in der Gemeinschaft zu weltoffenen, leistungsfähigen und verantwortlichen Menschen entwickeln sollen. Erwerben von Schlüsselqualifikationen wie soziale Kompetenzen, freies Sprechen und Präsentieren von Inhalten vor größeren Gruppen, das Moderieren von Gruppeninteraktionen, Selbstständigkeit und Verantwortungsbereitschaft sind Schwerpunkte der internatlichen und schulischen Erziehung. Grundlage dieses Konzepts ist ein „Moderner Humanismus“. Der Birklehof misst Sprachen und Naturwissenschaften die gleiche Bedeutung zu. Musikalisches, künstlerisches und sportliches Engagement haben einen hohen Stellenwert im schulischen Alltag. Begegnungen mit Menschen aus aller Welt sollen zu auch international verantwortlichem Handeln anregen.
Finanziert wird der Betrieb des Birklehofs überwiegend aus von den Eltern zu bezahlenden Schul- und Internatsgebühren sowie Spenden. Knapp 20 % des Gesamtbudgets erhält der gemeinnützige Verein Schule Birklehof e.V. im Rahmen der Privatschulfinanzierung vom Land Baden-Württemberg. Bei der Finanzierung von unterschiedlichen Schwerpunktthemen und von Stipendien arbeitet die Schule mit der Vector Stiftung, der Gisela und Erwin Sick Stiftung, der Josef Wund Stiftung, der Neumayer Stiftung sowie der Esther und Silvius Dornier Stiftung zusammen.
Schulisches Profil
Als staatlich anerkanntes, konfessionell nicht gebundenes Gymnasium hat der Birklehof ein naturwissenschaftliches, ein sprachliches sowie ein musisches Profil.[ Alle Schüler, die 2004 oder später in die 5. Klasse kommen, legen das Abitur nach 12 Schuljahren ab. Schule und Internatszimmer bieten Zugang zum Internet. Die neuen Medien werden produktiv in Unterricht und Gemeinschaftsleben integriert.
Der Musikunterricht in der Unterstufe wird am Birklehof nach der „Music Learning Theory“ von Edwin E. Gordon erteilt. Das bedeutet, dass die Schüler nicht über aufgezeichnete Noten oder Melodien an die Musik herangeführt werden, sondern über das Singen und Hören von Tönen, die sich ihnen als inneres Tonrepertoire einprägen. So wird den Schülern früh ein eigenständiger, kreativer Umgang mit Musik als Ton-Sprache ermöglicht.
Als freie – wiewohl staatlich anerkannte – Schule hat der Birklehof das normale Unterrichtspensum um eigene Angebote erweitert: Die wöchentliche Schulversammlung, die Spielstunde in Klasse 5 und 6, IT-Unterricht und Textiles Gestalten in den Klassen 6 und 7, Werken und Töpfern in Klasse 8 und 9, der Nachmittagssport.
Zusammensetzung der Schülerschaft
Die rund 160 im Internat lebenden Schüler kommen zu 40 % aus Baden-Württemberg, die übrigen aus allen Teilen Deutschlands und dem Ausland; dazu rund 70 externe Schüler aus den umliegenden Gemeinden. Das Schulgeld für die internen Schüler beträgt 43.260 € pro Jahr. Ähnlich der Schule Schloss Salem, aus der der Birklehof 1932 hervorging, bedingen die Kosten eine Zusammensetzung der Schülerschaft aus vorwiegend wohlhabenden Familien.
Der Birklehof schreibt alljährlich Schulen in ganz Deutschland an, um interessierte Schüler für das Internat zu gewinnen. An 20 % der internen Schüler werden Stipendien und Teilstipendien vergeben; mit Leistungsstipendien wendet sich die Schule an besonders begabte und interessierte Schüler.
Ganzheitliche Förderung
Rund 40 Arbeitsgemeinschaften bieten jedem Schüler die Möglichkeit, seinen Interessen und Fähigkeiten nachzugehen. Schwerpunkte liegen bei Musik, Theater, Kunst(handwerk) und den Freiluft-Sportarten. In der unmittelbaren Umgebung des Birklehofs bieten sich Möglichkeiten zum Mountainbiken, Skifahren, Reiten, Golfen, Tennisspielen, Wandern und Klettern.
Viele Schüler des Birklehofs nutzen die ihnen gebotenen Möglichkeiten intensiv. Davon zeugen die Auszeichnungen bei Wettbewerben wie „Jugend musiziert“, „Jugend forscht“, „Jugend debattiert“, „Demokratisch Handeln“, Filmwettbewerben und Sportwettkämpfen sowie die über dem Durchschnitt liegende Zahl der Aufnahmen in die Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes. Ein Schüleraustausch mit über 40 Schulen auf allen Kontinenten und die Teilnahme an internationalen Umwelt- und Hilfsprojekten ermöglichen den Schülern Begegnungen mit Menschen in aller Welt.
Schulgemeinschaft
Leben und Lernen in einer großen und doch überschaubaren Gemeinschaft wird am Birklehof als bereichernde Ergänzung zum Aufwachsen in der Familie verstanden. Die meisten Lehrer wohnen am Birklehof, betreuen die Internatshäuser und sind für die Schüler auch außerhalb des Unterrichts ansprechbar. Jeder Schüler ist zur Mitgestaltung des „Gemeinwesens Birklehof“ aufgefordert. In den für alle verbindlichen Diensten lernen die Schüler, ihre Fähigkeiten für andere einzusetzen, Verantwortung zu übernehmen und mit persönlichem Einsatz Veränderungen herbeizuführen.
Persönlichkeiten
Bekannte Schüler
Peter von Blomberg, stellvertretender Vorsitzender von Transparency International Deutschland
Karl Heinz Bohrer, Literaturwissenschaftler und Essayist
Daniel von Borries (Abitur 1983), Versicherungsmanager
Adrian Braunbehrens, Philologe, Johann-Peter-Hebel-Forscher
Volkmar Braunbehrens, Musikwissenschaftler und Publizist
Henning Burk, Regisseur und Drehbuchautor
Carl-Hubertus von Butler (Abitur 1970), Generalleutnant a. D. des Heeres der Bundeswehr, zuletzt Befehlshaber des Heeresführungskommandos
Georg Ruprecht von Butler (Abitur 1943), ehemaliger deutscher Offizier, zuletzt Generalmajor der Bundeswehr
Alexandra Dinges-Dierig, ehemalige Bildungssenatorin (CDU) in Hamburg
Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum, Professor für Geschichte, TU Chemnitz
Heilwig Gräfin zu Eulenburg (Abitur 1959), deutsche Schriftstellerin
Nikolaus von Festenberg (Abitur 1966), ehemaliger Spiegel-Redakteur
Caroline Fetscher (Abitur 1977), Journalistin, seit 1997 Mitarbeiterin des Berliner Tagesspiegel
Irene Fischer, Schauspielerin („Lindenstraße“)
Heinrich zu Fürstenberg (kurzzeitig), Brauerei- und Großgrundbesitzer
Herbert Girardet (Abitur 1961), Autor, Filmemacher, Vorsitzender der Schumacher-Gesellschaft in England, Gastprofessor verschiedener Universitäten in England, Programmdirektor des World Future Council
Gottfried Gruben (Abitur 1949), Bauforscher
Dietrich Hahn (kurzzeitig 1960), Publizist
Friedemann Hahn, Maler
Hermann Heimpel (Abitur 1950), Hämatologe, Onkologe und Hochschullehrer
Ulrich Huber (Abitur 1954), Professor der Rechtswissenschaften
Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin, Offizier und Widerstandskämpfer
Michael Klett, Stuttgarter Verleger
Felix zu Knyphausen, (Abitur 1989), Schauspieler und Drehbuchautor
Caio Koch-Weser, Vizepräsident und geschäftsführender Direktor der Weltbank, ehemaliger Staatssekretär im Bundesministerium der Finanzen
Tom Koenigs (Abitur 1962), MdB, Grünen-Politiker, UN-Diplomat, Menschenrechtsbeauftragter der deutschen Bundesregierung unter Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder, bis Februar 2006 Sonderbeauftragter des Generalsekretärs der Vereinten Nationen für Afghanistan
Wolf Koenigs (Abitur 1961), deutscher Bauforscher und Denkmalpfleger
Jürgen von Kruedener, Historiker, 1987 bis 1993 Präsident der Universität der Bundeswehr München
Marie Marcks, Karikaturistin
Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, Professor, Psychopharmakologe
Uwe Nettelbeck, Schriftsteller, Herausgeber Die Republik
Christian Petry (Abitur 1962), deutscher Historiker, Sozialwissenschaftler und Pädagoge
Ilka Piepgras, Autorin und Journalistin, Redakteurin beim ZEIT-Magazin
Ludwig Salgo (1957 bis 1958), Professor der Rechtswissenschaften, Kinder- und Familienrechtler in Frankfurt, Fachberater der Bundesregierung
Meike Schlüter (Abitur 1991) Schauspielerin
Michael Schönborn, österreichischer Schauspieler
Wieland Schulz-Keil (Abitur 1966), Filmproduzent
Moritz von Uslar (Abitur 1989), Autor und Journalist, Ex-Spiegel-Redakteur
Henning Venske, Kabarettist
Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker (1/4 Jahr 1952), bis 2000 Präsident des Wuppertal Instituts für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
Daniel Ziblatt, Politikwissenschaftler, Harvard University
Bekannte Lehrer und weitere Persönlichkeiten
Clara von Arnim (1909–2009) Deutsche Autorin, Hauserwachsene 1959–1962
Carl Joachim Classen (1928–2013), Klassischer Philologe, 1949 Hauserwachsener und Mitarbeiter im Platon-Archiv
Hans Karl Fritzsche (1914–1999), Offizier, Widerstandskämpfer und Ministerialbeamter; von 1950 bis 1955 Lehrer und Erzieher
Kurt Hahn, Gründer des Birklehofs und der Schlossschule Salem
Hartmut von Hentig (1953–1955), Pädagoge und Nestor der Reformpädagogik
Helmut Lindemann, Publizist, Schulleiter 1961/1962
Georg Picht (1946–1955), Schulleiter, Religionsphilosoph
Edith Picht-Axenfeld, Pianistin und Cembalistin, Ehefrau von Georg Picht
Gottfried Schramm, Historiker
Rudolf Till, Altphilologe, Unterrichtsleiter bis 1958
Kurt Thomas, ehemaliger Thomaskantor, leitete in den 1960er Jahren regelmäßig einmal pro Jahr eine Schulchorwoche mit geistlichen Werken Johann Sebastian Bachs
Günter Wojaczek (1932–1997), Altphilologe (unterrichtete hier vom 1. Januar 1960 bis zum Schuljahresende am 7. April 1960)
(Wikipedia)
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Niki de St Phalle
"Ich bin Künstlerin geworden, weil ich keine Wahl hatte......es war mein Schicksal..."
Karin Dohm (Deutsche Bank AG) spricht während des Bundesbank-Symposiums am 19.03.2019, im Frankfurter Kap Europa. (Foto Frank Rumpenhorst)