Divis Tower is a 61m (200.08 ft) tall tower in Belfast. 20 floors tall, it was built in 1966 as part of the now-demolished Divis Flats complex. It is named after the nearby Divis Mountain. The complex of 850 flats, housing 2400 residents was designed by architect Frank Robertson for the Northern Ireland Housing Trust.

Due to Provisional IRA activity in the area, the Army constructed an observation post on the roof in the 1970s and occupied the top two floors of the building. At the height of the Troubles, the Army was only able to access the post by helicopter.

Divis Tower was a flashpoint area during the height of the Troubles. 9-year-old Patrick Rooney, the first child killed in the Troubles, was killed in the tower during the Northern Ireland riots of August 1969, when the RUC fired a Browning machine gun from its Shorland armoured car into the flats. The RUC claimed that it was coming under sniper attack from the tower at the time. Patrick Rooney's death took place during a day of street violence in the area. Chairman of the enquiry into the riots, Mr Justice Scarman, found the use of the Browning machine gun "wholly unjustifiable".

In 1981, an Army sniper killed INLA member Emmanuel McClarnon from the top of Divis Tower on the night that Francis Hughes died on hunger strike.

Following the IRA's statement that it was ending its armed campaign, the Army decided to dismantle the observation post. Dubbed a 'spy' post by Sinn Féin, removal of the observation post commenced on 2 August 2005.

In 2009 the top two floors of the tower floors were reinstated as residential properties. As part of a £1.1 million refurbishment program by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive 8 extra flats were provided.

Divis Tower rises near the interface between Falls Road and Shankill Road.

Waiuta (near Reefton), West Coast, South Island

Joseph Divis emigrated to New Zealand in 1909 from Bohemia. Already an experienced miner, he also took photographs to supplement his income.

Although living and working in different mining towns over the years, he eventually settled in the isolated goldmining town of Waiuta in 1930.

Many images taken by Divis can be identified because he appears in them: by using a shutter time release, he could set up the shot and then quickly get himself into position. Divis chronicled the town, the mine and important social events, capturing the essence of the hard life of a miner.

Joseph was injured in the Blackwater Mine in 1939 and never worked again. During WWII, he was interned as an enemy alien, and his health declined in captivity. When he returned to Waiuta in 1943, he was only able to move about on crutches.

After the Blackwater Mine closed in 1951, Divis was one of the few residents who decided to stay in Waiuta. Most of the houses were removed and, within a few years, Waiuta was a ghost town. The photographer/miner passed away in 1967, and his house gradually deteriorates...

Divis

View On Black

Beach goers walking by one of the famous Divi Divi Trees on Aruba's Eagle Beach.

Not much grows on Aruba, because it is dry most of the year. Divi-divi trees are an exception. They are bent, because of the constant trade winds.

The mural culture in Belfast still is very much alive. Here are murals along Falls Road / Divis Street in the Republican part of Belfast.

There are significant differences between the Loyalist and Republican mural cultures. The Republicans update their murals continuously. Republicans to this day clearly see themselves as a liberation movement, and many murals express an affinity to other liberation movements around the world, past and present.

Divi Divi Tree at Eagle Beach. Aruba

Natural Born Hikers

Rollei35 + Revolog Kolor 200 iso

Waiuta (near Reefton), West Coast, South Island

Joseph Divis emigrated to New Zealand in 1909 from Bohemia. Already an experienced miner, he also took photographs to supplement his income.

Although living and working in different mining towns over the years, he eventually settled in the isolated goldmining town of Waiuta in 1930.

Many images taken by Divis can be identified because he appears in them: by using a shutter time release, he could set up the shot and then quickly get himself into position. Divis chronicled the town, the mine and important social events, capturing the essence of the hard life of a miner.

Joseph was injured in the Blackwater Mine in 1939 and never worked again. During WWII, he was interned as an enemy alien, and his health declined in captivity. When he returned to Waiuta in 1943, he was only able to move about on crutches.

After the Blackwater Mine closed in 1951, Divis was one of the few residents who decided to stay in Waiuta. Most of the houses were removed and, within a few years, Waiuta was a ghost town. The photographer/miner passed away in 1967, and his house gradually deteriorates...

Heading into Belfast City Centre

This coin has the rare inscription of DIVI AUG PRON in year IIII of his short reign.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Over Divi beach, just outside our hotel, easily the most gorgeous beach I've seen and just steps from our ground floor room in Tamarijn

Divis and Black Mountain.

Thanks to Rach for the title.

A tunnel is an underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for egress, commonly at each end.

A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. Some tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations or are sewers. Other uses include routing power or telecommunication cables, some are to permit wildlife such as European badgers to cross highways. Secret tunnels have given entrance to or escape from an area, such as the Cu Chi Tunnels or the smuggling tunnels in the Gaza Strip which connect it to Egypt. Some tunnels are not for transport at all but rather, are fortifications, for example Mittelwerk and Cheyenne Mountain.

In the United Kingdom, a pedestrian tunnel or other underpass beneath a road is called a underpass subway. In the United States that term now means an underground rapid transit system.

The central part of a rapid transit network is usually built in tunnels. Rail station platforms may be connected by pedestrian tunnels or by foot bridges.

The famous Divi Divi tree is Aruba's natural compass, always pointing in a southwesterly direction due to the trade winds that blow across the island from the north-east.

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: ROME, Prof. Amanda Claridge, "Hadrian's Succession and the Monuments of Trajan" [= IL TEMPLUM DIVI TRAIANI ET DIVIAE PLOTINAE], [PDF] pp. 5-18; in: T. Opper, 'Hadrian: Arts, Politics and Economy.' BMRP, no. 175 (2013). Foto: Dr. Paola Baldassari (2013).

PDF = ROME, Prof. Amanda Claridge, "Hadrian's Succession and the Monuments of Trajan" [= IL TEMPLUM DIVI TRAIANI ET DIVIAE PLOTINAE], [PDF] pp. 5-18; in: T. Opper, 'Hadrian: Arts, Politics and Economy.' BMRP, no. 175 (2013).

PDF = wp.me/pPRv6-2Pl

FONTE | SOURCE:

-- Prof. Amanda Claridge, "Hadrian's Succession and the Monuments of Trajan" [PDF] pp. 5-18; in: Thorsten Opper (ed.), 'Hadrian: Arts, Politics and Economy;' British Museum Press, 2013. p. 5-18 (British Museum Research Publication; No. 175).

Prof. Amanda Claridge | ACADEMIA.EDU [02|2015]

royalholloway.academia.edu/AmandaClaridge

pure.rhul.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/hadrians-successio...

FOTO | FONTE | SOURCE:

-- Dott.ssa Paola Baldassari (2013) = " Fig. 1. [p. 373] Roma, Palazzo Valentini. Rilievo integrato degli ambienti sotterranei con la planimetria dei rinvenimenti archeologici delle campagne 2005-2007, 2009-2010; in verde a tratteggio due tronconi di colonne in granito grigio individuati nel 1939, riposizionati sulla base di Buzzetti 1989-1990, p. 487, fig. 37; in azzurro i carotaggi 1993 lungo il perimetro del Palazzo, riposizionati sulla base di Meneghini 1996, p. 71, fig. 29 (ril. R. Stocco, A. Capponi, R. Sandri)"; in:

Dott.ssa P. Baldassarri, 'ALLA RICERCA DEL TEMPIO PERDUTO: INDAGINI ARCHEOLOGICHE A PAL. VALENTINI E IL TEMPLUM DIVI TRAIANI ET DIVIAE PLOTINAE,' ArchCl. LXIV (2013), pp. 371-481. [PDF], pp. 1-2. wp.me/pPRv6-2pa

s.v,

-- ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Prof. A. Claridge, "Hadrian’s lost temple of Trajan", in JRA 20, 2007, [PDF, p. 55 of] pp. 54-94.

PDF = PDF = Prof. A. Claridge, «Hadrian’s lost temple of Trajan», in JRA 20, 2007, [PDF, p. 55 of] pp. 54-94.

Note: ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: "IL TEMPLUM DIVI TRAIANI ET DIVIAE PLOTINAE" (2007-15).

PDF = wp.me/pPRv6-2Pl

For contemporay English-speaking scholars and students interested in the recent debates as to the present location of the 'remains' Temple of Divine Trajan | "IL TEMPLUM DIVI TRAIANI ET DIVIAE PLOTINAE" (2007-15), over the course of the last several years, numerous Italian | foreign scholars & Italian university students have proposed several various conjectural reconstructions of the Temple of Trajan, as noted in the following published works below. *

Likewise, numerous Italian | foreign scholars & Italian university students have published a great deal of new information on the important investigations conducted at the "L’ ATHENAEUM DI ADRIANO" located in the adjoining area of the Piazza Madonna dei Loreto, located between the area of the Piazza Venezia and the Column of Trajan (2007-14), as noted in the following published works below. **

Having read Prof. Claridge recent work on the Temple of Trajan and the Column of Trajan (2013), as well as hearing from colleagues in Rome, about her recent lecture presentation in Rome about the Forum of Trajan (i.e., "Re-reading Trajan's Forum after the new excavations," Wednesday 23 April 2014 18.00 – 19.30, BSR | ROME by: Amanda Claridge (Royal Holloway, University of London) = [ www.bsr.ac.uk/re-reading-trajans-forum-after-the-new-exca... ], as well as reading here early article on the Temple of Trajan in the JRA 20, 2007.

After reeading Prof. Claridge works on the Temple of Trajan (2013 | 2007), had these two works been published by an entry level university or graduate student interested in the field of Ancient Roman Art, Archaeology, Architecture or History, etc; it would be possible to overlook the limited amount of effort of put forth by Prof. Claridge's research, fact-checking and the cross-referencing of critical sources information [i.e., On-Site, Archival | Museum | Library Collections, as well possible discussions with other Italian | foreign scholars & Italian university students affiliated] and relating to the recent research and investigations of the Temple & Column of Trajan in Rome, since 2005 onwards.

But, Prof. Claridge, as the former "Assistant - Director of the British School of Rome" (1980-1994), both of these poorly researched and poorly written works, add little accurate, creditable and reliable information beneficial to her professional peers (i.e., Italian, English and other foreign scholars | students) interested in the recent research pertaining to the proper architectural design and important political and social function of the Temple of Trajan and the adjoining area of the Column of Trajan in Roman antiquity.

To sum up Prof. Claridge's recent research on the area of Temple of Trajan (2013|2007), as well as that of the recent work by several of her other Italian scholarly peers in Rome: Prof. Andrea Carandini, Prof. Eugenio La Rocca, and Dr. Roberto Meneghini, the proper Italian phase to describe their inaccurate and incomplete published works would be: "Bello ma, inutile!"

Or more bluntly put, just "Nonsense," as noted by Italian topographer Prof. Rodolfo Lanciani in 1897, cited here below:

"…Before closing this brief preface, I must warn students against a tendency which is occasionally observable in books and papers on the topography of Rome, — that of upsetting and condemning all received notions on the subject, in order to substitute fanciful theories of a new type.” (…) “Yet there are people willing to try the experiment, only to waste their own time and make us lose ours in considering their attempts. Temples of the gods are cast away from their august seats, and relegated to places never heard of before; gates of the city are swept away in a whirlwind till they fly before our eyes like one of Dante’s visions; diminutive ruins are magnified into the remains of great historical buildings; designs are produced of monuments which have never existed."

Prof. Rodolfo Lanciani,

‘The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome,’

Boston: New York (1897), p. ix.

Martin G. Conde

Washington DC, USA

3 March 2015.

____________

ROMA "IL TEMPLUM DIVI TRAIANI ET DIVIAE PLOTINAE" & "L’ ATHENAEUM DI ADRIANO" Further reading and references (2008-15).

- Andrea Carandini (2015) = Prof. Andrea Carandini, Prof. Paolo Carafa, & Dott.ssa Maria Teresa D'Alessio, 'IMAGO URBIS - Lazio, Roma e Suburbio,' SAPIENZA UNIVERSITA`DI ROMA, ARCUS S.pa., & Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma (2014-14). Forthcoming (2015) see: "Tav. 54 | Regione VIII | Forum Traiani | Templum | Athenaeum. 113-138 d.C" in: wp.me/pPRv6-2NG

- A. Carandini | P. Carafa (2012-13) = Andrea Carandini e Prof. Paolo Carafa (a cura di), 'ATLANTE DI ROMA ANTICA. Biografia e ritratti della città,' Voll. I-II, Electa (2012). Electa / opuscolo (17/06/2012), pp. 1-14 [pp. 11 e 12 di 14]. See: s.v, Tav. 54 = Region VIII, Forum Traiani, Templum, Athenaeum, 125-138 d.C.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/7415871054/

- A. Carandini | F. Cavallero, “IL TEMPIO DEI DIVI TRAIANO E PLOTINA.” Roma Antica – Esclusivo. ARCHEOLOGIA VIVA, No. 149, Sett.- Ott. (2011), p. 53. wp.me/pPRv6-17s

- Roberto Meneghini (2014), in: Francesca Pajno, "Managing archive documents regarding an archaeological site. An on-going project for the Imperial Fora in Rome," [PDF], pp. 1-6, in: CIDOC conference, Desden, Germany (11|2014). "Present Time. Reconstructive Plan of the Imperial Fora on the present topography [= Meneghini 2010| 2007] wp.me/pPRv6-2xC

- Roberto Meneghini (2011) = E. Bianchi & R. Meneghini, “Gli impianti scalari del Foro di Traiano,” Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma CXII, 2011, [PDF] pp. 78-117. wp.me/pPRv6-1Rj

- Poala Baldassarri (2013): see above reference cited.

- ROMA, 'IL TEMPIO DI ANTONINO E FAUSTINA' & 'IL TEMPIO DEI DIVI TRAIANO' (2013) = Il Tempio di Antonino e Faustina – Le Colonne di Marmo e l’ iscrizione, IL MESSAGGERO (14|02|2013) [PDF] p. 49. = Dott.ssa Rosanna Friggeri's & Dott.ssa Stefania Faro's excavations and investigations at the 'Il Tempio di Antonino e Faustina (2010-13).

wp.me/pPRv6-2Pi

- P. Baldassarri (2012) = P. Baldassarri, “Nuove indagini archeologiche a Palazzo Valentini. Il tempio dei Divi Traiano e Plotina,” FORMA VRBIS Anno. XVII / n. 5, Maggio 2012, p. 52. wp.me/pPRv6-17s

- James E. Packer (2013) = J. E. Packer, Il Foro di Traiano. Breve studio dei monumenti | Prof. Packer, una lezione affascinante in inglese sul Foro di Traiano Roma (10|2013). [ENGLISH] VIDEO YOUTUBE [1:00:13]. wp.me/pPRv6-2pu

- J. E. Packer (2013) = J. E. Packer, "The Atlante: Roma antica revealed." [review of] A. CARANDINI (a cura di) con P. CARAFA, ATLANTE DI ROMA ANTICA. BIOGRAFIA E RITRATTI DELLA CITTÀ, (Electa 2012). 2 vols. Pp. 1086, [etc.], in: JRA 26 | Nov. (2013), pp. 553-561. wp.me/pPRv6-1S5

- J. E. Packer (2008) = “The Column of Trajan: the topographical and cultural contexts,” JRA 21.(2008), pp. 471-78 [PDF pp. 1-9]. wp.me/pPRv6-1sv

____

* = See: ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: ROMA - Il Foro di Traiano - Tempio di Traiano - scavi (1998-2015 & 1989-97). | The Forum of Trajan - Temple of Trajan - excavations (1998-2015, 1989-97). Foto & Publications 1 thru 323.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/sets/72157594...

** = ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: AA.VV., “L’ ATHENAEUM DI ADRIANO – ATTI DEL CONVEGNO, ROMA PALAZZO MASSIMO (22|09|2011),” in: BDA ONLINE | MIBACT (NO. 2-4. 2013), [PDF], pp. 1 di 220. [12|2014]. See: L’ ATHENAEUM DI ADRIANO = Foto & Publications 1 thru 291. wp.me/pPRv6-2F4 & www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/sets/72157618...

DIVIA 278 - ligne 12 vers Montagne de Larrey

Dijon, avenue de la 1ère Armée Française - 17 août 2009

Van Hool newA330 MAN CNG (05/2005)

The famous Aruban Divi Divi Tree.

Tiberius. AD 14-37. Æ Dupondius (28mm, 14.79 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck AD 22-23. IVSTITIA below, draped bust of Justitia right, wearing stephane ornamented with floral ornaments; her hair fastened in a knot at the back / TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG P M TR POT XXIIII around, large S • C. RIC I 46; Vagi 498 (Antonia and/or Agrippina Senior); BMCRE 79-80; BN 57-61 cngcoins.com

Zviedrijas ministru prezidenta Fredrika Reinfelta dāvana Ministru prezidentam Valdim Dombrovskim

Tiberius. AD 14-37. AV Aureus (18mm, 7.70 g, 3h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Group 4, AD 18-35. TI CΛESΛR DIVI ΛVG F ΛVGVSTVS, laureate head right; one ribbon on shoulder / PONTIF MΛXIM, Livia (as Pax), holding scepter in right hand, olive branch in left, seated right on chair, feet on footstool; ornate chair legs, single line below. RIC I 29; Lyon 149; Calicó 305a. cngcoins.com

Augustus (Latin: Imperator Caesar Divi F. Augustus, 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.

He was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavii family. Following the assassination of his maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BC, Caesar's will named Octavian as his adopted son and heir. Together with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, he formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at Philipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators.The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its members: Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Augustus in 31 BC.

After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire.

The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana (The Roman Peace).

Augustus died in 14 AD at the age of 75. He may have died from natural causes, although there were unconfirmed rumors that his wife Livia poisoned him. He was succeeded as Emperor by his adopted son (also stepson and former son-in-law), Tiberius.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus

The Uffizi Gallery (Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi), is one of the main museums in Florence, and among the oldest and most famous art museums of Europe.

The building of Uffizi was begun by Giorgio Vasari in 1560 for Cosimo I de' Medici so as to accommodate the offices of the Florentine magistrates, hence the name uffizi, "offices". The construction was later continued by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti and completed in 1581. The cortile (internal courtyard) is so long and narrow, and open to the Arno at its far end through a Doric screen that articulates the space without blocking it, that architectural historians treat it as the first regularized streetscape of Europe.

The building is an artwork itself, of Renaissance architecture and decoration, which walls and ceilings are painted and decorated by frescoes, its presents either magnificent views of Florence from its wide windows.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffizi

Viewed from Divis Mountain

CAPPADOCIA, Caesarea-Eusebia. Nero. AD 54-68. AR Hemidrachm (15mm, 1.82 g, 12h). Struck circa AD 58-60. NERO CLAVD DIVI CLAVD F CAESAR AVG GERMANI, laureate head right / Nike standing right, right foot on globe, inscribing shield set on knee. RPC I 3646; Sydenham, Caesarea 83. cngcoins.com

The divisoria exclusives surprisingly look a lot better than the adidas released ones. They also produced all the starters and bench players unlike the adidas released ones which only produced Drose.

Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. Æ Sestertius (34mm, 27.55 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck AD 40-41. C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG P M TR P IIII P P, Pietas seated left, holding patera and resting arm upon small draped figure standing facing on basis; PIETAS in exergue / Gaius standing left, holding patera over garlanded altar; victimarius holding bull for sacrifice and attendant holding a patera standing on either side; in background, garlanded hexastyle temple of Divus Augustus with pediment decorated with sacrificial scene and quadriga, Victories, and figures of Romulus and Aeneas along roof line. RIC I 51.

Ex Robert O. Ebert Collection (purchased privately from Classical Numismatic Group in June 1990 for $10,500).

Though nothing remains today of the Temple of Divus Augustus, as the monument to one of Rome’s greatest emperors, it would have held an important role in the state pantheon. Begun by Tiberius and Livia shortly after his death, the building was likely situated in the valley between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, where it featured an elaborately decorated hexastyle façade. In addition to the pediment reliefs, the temple bore several acroteria: a statue of Romulus stood to the left; to the right, the mythical founder of the Julian family, Aeneas, carrying his father Anchises and leading his Ascanius. At the apex Augustus drove a facing quadriga flanked by two wreath-bearing Victories. In the upturned eyes of the citizens, these images would have equated the founding of the city, represented by Romulus, with the founding of the ruling dynasty, represented by Aeneas and Augustus.

The obverse of this coin, showing the sacrifice at the dedication of the temple in AD 37, is the only surviving depiction of the first iteration of the structure. It was likely destroyed or severely damaged some time in the mid first century, before being restored by Domitian, and later by Antoninus Pius in AD 159. cngcoins.com

Which way ?

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Percy Street, seen here from Divis Street (Falls Road) in Republican West Belfast, dead-ends into the so-called Peace Wall that separates the Republican part of West Belfast from the Loyalist part.

Eagle Beach is a beach and neighborhood of Oranjestad, Aruba. The neighborhood is famous for its many low-rise resorts and wide public beach. It has soft white sand and has been rated one of the best beaches in the world.

Divi-Divi Trees (Caesalpinia coriaria) is a leguminous tree or large shrub native to the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. C. coriaria rarely reaches its maximum height of 9m because its growth is contorted by the trade winds that batter the exposed coastal sites where it often grows. In other environments it grows into a low dome shape with a clear sub canopy space. It is one of the most recognisable sights of Aruba.