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Entrance to the Cittadella in Victoria, Gozo. Also known as Il-Kastell, the Castle, in Gozo, this is the old fortified capital of Gozo. The hill has been inhabited since the Bronze Age, and it is believed to have been the acropolis of the Punic-Roman city of Gaulos or Glauconis Civitas. The site was converted into a castle during the middle ages. It's defences however were obsolete by the 16th century, and in 1551 an Turkish Ottoman force invaded Gozo and sacked the Cittadella taking the majority of the Gozitan population prisoners. A major reconstruction of the southern walls of the Cittadella was undertaken between 1599 and 1622, transforming it into a gunpowder fortress. The new fortifications were criticized in later decades, and plans to demolish the entire citadel were made multiple times in the 17th and 18th centuries, but were never carried out. The castle saw action during the French invasion and subsequent uprising in 1798; in both cases the fortress surrendered without much of a fight. It remained a military installation until it was decommissioned on 1 April 1868 by the British. SOURCE Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cittadella_(Gozo)
The Besançon Citadel is one of the masterpieces of Vauban that has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and stands as a 12 ha remarkable example of the military architecture of the 17th century.
It is considered one of the most beautiful fortresses in France and towers over 100 meters above the old town of the capital of Franche-Comté, which is surrounded by the Doubs river and gives spectacular views of the fortress walls.
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Die Zitadelle von Besançon ist eine der Meisterwerke von Vauban, die in die UNESCO-Welterbeliste aufgenommen wurde und steht als ein 12 ha bemerkenswertes Beispiel der Militärarchitektur des 17. Jahrhunderts.
Es gilt als eine der schönsten Festungen in Frankreich und überragt von über 100 Meter die Altstadt der Hauptstadt der Franche-Comté, die vom Fluss Doubs umringt wird und gibt spektakuläre Überblicke von den Festungsmauern.
Built in the 13th century by the Republic of Genoa, it's a very interesting and well preserved Old Town.
I found this nice view of the citadel of Briançon a long time ago, but I was always waiting for great lighting conditions to shoot it. This morning, the light was quite good, but a kind of haze reduced the contrast a lot... So I had to play with LightRoom and PS to get a more punchy image. I also repainted one of the houses, they all have nice pastel colors except one... Can you guess which one?
Lens: EF 100 f/2.8L IS macro (click to see all my photos with this lens)
100mm f/6.3 1/250s ISO 100
See the before/after versions on this site.
Landskrona Citadel or Castle is a fortress of Landskrona, Skane County.
Citadel is one of the best preserved water fortress from the 1500s with a well-preserved moat system. It has also been in prison. There is both an old dungeon and a prison tower.
As Lesk Alzael describes her SIM creation ►The Citadel is a lost paradise. In the shadow of a high reed.
This rock formation stands like a citadel at the top of Jacob's Ladder. In these wet and misty conditions it really does look like a fortress protecting the upper reaches of Ben Lomond.
Neamț Citadel (Romanian: Cetatea Neamțului) is a medieval fortress located in north-eastern part of Romania, near Târgu Neamț, Neamț County. It was built in the 14th century Moldavia during Petru I and was expanded in the 15th century. The citadel played a key role in Stephen the Great's defense system against Ottoman Empire. (Wikipedia)
The Historic Centre of Sighisoara (Sighisoara Citadel) is the old historic center of the town, built in the 12th century by Saxon settlers. It is an inhabited medieval citadel that, in 1999, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its 850-year-old testament to the history and culture of the Transylvanian Saxons.
Birthplace of Vlad III the Impaler.
The city marks the upper boundary of the Land of Sachsen. Like its bigger brothers, Sibiu and Brasov, Sighisoara exhibits Medieval German architectural and cultural heritage that was preserved even during the Communist period.
Sighisoara. Romania Europe
Die Geschichte des Fort de Bellegarde beginnt mit dem Königreich Mallorca. Im Jahre 1285, als dieses Königreich noch keine zehn Jahre Bestand hatte stellte Pierre III d'Aragon eine starke Bedrohung für den König von Mallorca Jacques II de Majorque dar, insbesondere dieser im Besitz der Grafschaft Perpignan war und auch dort residierte.Als im vierzehnten Jahrhundert der König von Aragon seinen Nachbarn militärisch übernahm, wurde der Turm aus königlicher Sicht aufgegeben, er wurde nur vom Herrn der Region benutzt, um Reisende zur Zahlung eines Zolls zu zwingen. Mit dem Pyrenäenvertrag 1659 wurde die Grenze zwischen Frankreich und Spanien gerade am Col des Panissars gezogen. Diese Lage machte den Turm zu einem strategischen Hochplatz, der von den Franzosen besetzt wurde.Aber der eigentliche Bau von Bellegarde stammt von Vauban, der 1668 beschloss, anstelle des Turms eine echte Zitadelle zu bauen. Während die Arbeiten im Gange waren, eroberten die spanischen Truppen 1674 das Fort und beschlossen dann, es selbst zu modifizieren. Danach wird das Fort bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg, wenn eine schmerzhafte Episode gespielt wird, keine wichtige Rolle mehr in der Geschichte spielen.
The history of the Fort de Bellegarde begins with the Kingdom of Mallorca. In 1285, when this kingdom had not yet existed for ten years, Pierre III d'Aragon posed a strong threat to the King of Mallorca Jacques II de Majorque, in particular the latter was in possession of the county of Perpignan and also resided there. When, in the fourteenth century, the King of Aragon took over his neighbour militarily, the tower was abandoned from a royal point of view, being used only by the lord of the region to force travellers to pay a duty. With the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, the border between France and Spain was drawn just at the Col des Panissars. This location made the tower a strategic high ground occupied by the French.But the actual construction of Bellegarde came from Vauban, who decided in 1668 to build a real citadel instead of the tower. While the work was in progress, Spanish troops captured the fort in 1674 and then decided to modify it themselves. After that, the fort will no longer play an important role in history until the Second World War, when a painful episode is played out.
Colț Citadel (Cetatea Colț). The citadel was built in the 14th century by the Cândea family. Because of the appearance of the citadel and toponymy of the places, it is assumed that these would have inspired the novel "The Castle in the Carpathians" by Jules Verne. The citadel is in a state of increased degradation, being practically a ruin.
The forbidding entrance to the Citadel, the centre piece of the massive 19th Century Western Heights fortifications at Dover, designed to defend the town in the event of an attack by the Napoleonic hordes. More recently it was used to keep people in, firstly young offenders, then up to 2015, asylum-seekers.
As Lesk Alzael describes her SIM creation ►The Citadel is a lost paradise. In the shadow of a high reed.
Gori Fortress (Georgian: გორის ციხე) is a medieval citadel in Georgia, situated above the city of Gori on a rocky hill.
Standing on the hilltop, the fortress's outlines follow the natural relief, hence the irregular shape. The inner fortifications occupy the entire plateau, from which the walls descend towards the road along the western slope. Originally, the walls reached the river below and the water had to be diverted through a tunnel, but the river has retreated since.
The fortress first appears in records from the 13th century, but archaeological evidence shows that the area had already been fortified in the final centuries BCE. The fortress was of major strategic importance, given its dominant position guarding a regional trade route, and accommodated a large garrison. In the 16th century the Ottomans captured it to overawe Tbilisi. In 1598 the Georgians, led by their king Simon I, besieged it for nine months to no avail; in 1599 they feigned relieving the siege for Lent and then launched a surprise night attack to regain control over the citadel. The fortress continued to change hands between the Georgians and the Persians in the 17th century.
The citadel acquired its present-day form under the Georgian kings Rostom of Kartli in the 1630s and Erekle II in 1774. Following its completion, King Rostom asked the Italian missionary Cristophoro Castelli, who lived in Gori, to draw the fortress. His stunning illustration from approximately 1642 is a valuable historical document. After the Russian annexation of Georgia in 1801, the fortress was garrisoned by a Russian grenadier battalion, but its importance gradually declined and the fortifications went defunct. The city plan of 1824 shows the citadel, the city on the hill slopes and a moat encircling both. The British Encyclopædia Metropolitana reported in 1845:
At the foot of a chain of low sandstone hills stands the Town and Fortress of Gori, (perhaps the Gursenna of Strabo,) the next place in magnitude and importance to Tiflis. The Castle, an oblong, 200 paces in length, placed sixteen fathoms above the level of the Liakhvi, running at the foot of the hill on which it stands, is now abandoned, a Chapel in its South-Eastern angle being the only part in use.
Gori Fortress was significantly damaged by an earthquake in 1920. The best preserved structure is Tskhra-kara ("the Nine-gated"), facing to the west and adjoined by supplementary walls on the south and east.
A 17th Century fortress designed by the famous military
engineer Vauban during the reign of Louis XIV.
Here the fortified entry way to the Front Royal
taken from the top of the ramparts.
La citadelle de Besançon.
Une forteresse du 17ème siècle réalisée par le célèbre
ingénieur militaire Vauban pendant le règne de Louis XIV.
Ici l'entrée du Front Royal prise depuis le sommet des remparts.
Fast ice and old, weather worn bergs clinging to the edge of the Antarctic continent. And penguins of course :)
Urban life at Arbil can be dated back to at least 6000 BC, it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. At the heart of the city is the ancient Citadel of Arbil
As Lesk Alzael describes her SIM creation ►The Citadel is a lost paradise. In the shadow of a high reed.