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At the pottery market (Töpfermarkt) at the Rheydt Castle (Schloss Rheydt) in Mönchengladbach, Germany.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Chemist. And a busy one back in the day. He discovered oxygen, Tungsten and more.
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Fort William Section of the Inverness-shire Constabulary, outside the Fort William "County Buildings" (Police Station with officer accomodation above) - taken in Spring of 1893. The charge room is on the left and at its door stand Insp Chisholm's sons Alister (Alexander Joseph -later an officer himself) and Donald, and on the right (erntrance to the house) are daughter Eliza with Mrs Chisholm who looks to be expecting daughter Ishbel.
The officers are from Left to Right:
1) Sergeant George Mitchell (recently promoted)
2) Constable John (Hird or Macdonald or MacPherson)
3) ditto
4) Inspector Alexander Chisholm
Yes, Fort William had three Constables in 1893 - all with the first name John. So - perm any 2 from 3!
Undoubtedly a Peter MacFarlane shot - and a particularly socially-relevant one at that.
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Alexander Chisholm, known as “Big Sandy”, had worked as an Ostler (stableman) before leaving his home in the Invercannich area of Inverness-shire (west of Beauly, at the mouth of Glen Affric) to join the Inverness-shire Constabulary. Appointed as a Constable on 19 March 1879, Sandy was 26 when he donned the navy blue uniform, and was immediately assigned to cover the “Dores District” of the County.
Dores is a village on the eastern shore of Loch Ness, just a few miles south of the town (now City) of Inverness. His patch would have included the rural area on the outskirts of Inverness and he was likely to have been based at Force HQ at Inverness Castle, rather than having a house and station within his beat. Dores was one of the locations sufficiently close to HQ to enable junior officers to patrol while still learning the job under close supervision from Chief Constable William Murray.
After 3 months getting used to wearing the uniform ,he was moved to the County’s busiest town of Fort William, on the west coast at the southern end of the Great Glen. Although Inverness was by far the largest conurbation, it did not actually lie in the County of Inverness, as the town (and Royal Burgh) was a separate local authority area, complete with its own Burgh Police. In fact the County HQ, at Inverness Castle, was located within Inverness Burgh but was actually an exclave of the County within the Burgh boundaries. The Burgh and County Police Headquarters were less than 50 yards apart, one on the Castle Hill and the other lying at the foot of that hill. The detailed mention of the Castle will be explained later.
Sandy then spent a year in Fort William, under the tutelage of the very experienced Inspector Lachlan Mackintosh. Mackintosh had been one of the original constables appointed when the Inverness-hire force was reconstituted in March 1858, and a brief period as a Constable at Kingussie, he was appointed Inspector at Fort William in May 1859. So he had been there almost from the very beginning, and his 20 years of experience and local knowledge would have been passed on to the young Chisholm.
After a year in “The Fort” Sandy was given his own station – Spean Bridge, just north of Fort William but at an important and strategic location at the west end of Glen Spean, where the Inverness/Fort William/Glasgow road meets the only road running to the west coast from Kingussie/Dalwhinnie (on what is now the A9 Inverness/Perth Road). Some three miles up that (Glen Spean -Laggan) road, lies the village of Roy Bridge.
Chief Constable Murray (who had set up the force in 1858) retired in October 1882, by which time Inspector MacKintosh was feeling his age and had negotiated his standing down to Constable (and moving to the remote station at Knoydart) where he would remain until 1891 (by which time police pensions had been introduced). To fill the vacancy for an Inspector at Fort William, Murray had promoted Sergeant Archibald Matheson from Beauly.
The new Chief Constable as Alexander ("Alister") McHardy, who had been Chief Constable of the County of Sutherland since 1866, and he had clearly been brought in to lead the force – and double its manpower - through what was already shaping up to be a turbulent time . Civil unrest was already rife in respect of land ownership and use - across the whole of the Highlands & Islands, and in particular in Inverness-shire, the largest Highland county.
McHardy immediately set about reshaping and enlarging the force and was clearly very impressed with “Big Sandy”, promoting him to Sergeant in August 1883. With Sandy having less than 5 years service, this was a major action on Mr McHardy’s part, so the new Sergeant had been identified as having great potential.
The rank of Sergeant was not one Mr Murray had much time for – or he was not permitted to use it. At set-up of the force, he had been allowed four supervisors, namely a Superintendent (Deputy Chief Constable) at Inverness to also command the Inverness Division, and three Inspectors – one each to manage the other Divisions of Skye, Lochaber and Long Island (Outer Hebrides). He had also eventually managed to achieve 3 Sergeant posts, in Portree, Beauly and Kingussie. McHardy took the bull by the horns. He was in 1883 authorised to take on 50 new men (the force establishment was only 44 when he arrived) and he needed supervisors to marshal these new recruits. He did indeed recruit the full 50 new starts during 1883, albeit 11 men went “down the road” in that same year for a variety of reasons.
After almost a year as Sergeant, Sandy was moved into Fort William, a much more tidy arrangement in McHardy’s view in order to be on the sport to cover for the Inspector, so that one or other would always in the Station to keep command while the other might be far away in a distant part of the scattered division.
During his time in Lochaber Sandy met and married a young schoolteacher, and in June 1887 they had to up sticks and move, as Sandy was transferred to Force Headquarters in Inverness, where he would be in daily charge of the officers posted around the rural area in the environs of Inverness. Force HQ (Inverness Castle) also included living quarters, and here their son Alexander Joseph was born in 1888.
The following year, the Deputy Chief constable Donald Aitchison had to retire through ill-health and Mr McHardy promoted “Big Sandy” to Superintendent to take his place on 25th October 1889. This was a shock to the system for “Big Sandy”, as much of his work would entail “driving a desk” rather than being out and about in the fresh air with his men. McHardy too was a hard taskmaster, leading by example – but able to tutor too as he had been Deputy Chief himself in two forces. For some reason, Sandy was not officially designated Deputy Chief Constable until 28/9/91 – it may be that McHardy did not realise a separate appointment (ratified by the Police committee) was necessary.
Big Sandy’s health was clearly suspect by this time, doubtless exacerbated by the desk jockey role. Fate then intervened however, when Inspector Matheson at Fort William died in February 1982, aged only 53.
To explain developments from then, who better than – in his own fair hand, as duplicated and notified to all members of the force on 7th June 1892 – none other than Chief Constable McHardy himself:-
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Inverness-shire Constabulary
Memorandum to the force
Promotion, Rates of Pay etc
Supt & Dep. CC Alexander Chisholm, who was during Summer & Autumn suffering much from ill-health caused by Office work & consequent confinement was on the death of the late Inspector Matheson, Fort William, in Feb'y last sent to Fort William for a change & to take charge of that Division for a time. The Superintendent has during his stay at Fort William found his health thoroughly restored, and being medically advised has requested to be relieved of the rank and duties of Supt, and appointed an Inspector in the Force, and being satisfied that if he returned to Office work his health would again be injured, the Chief Constable has agreed to change the rank of Supt Chisholm to that of Inspector and has placed him at Fort William in charge of that Division.
Supt Macaulay: Consequent on the appointment of Inspector Chisholm as above, Inspector Malcolm Macaulay has been promoted to rank of Supt and appointed Dep. C.C. at Headquarters.
PC Keith Webster promoted to Sergeant at Headquarters in charge of the Home Section
PC William MacInnes promoted to Sergeant vice Sergeant A.B. MacLennan retired on pension.
PC High Chisholm promoted Det. Sergeant vice Macaulay promoted
The following are now the Headquarters Divisional and Section Officers of the Force:-
Headquarters: Supt & Dep. C.C. Malcolm Macaulay
Office clerk Sergeant James Philip
Det Sergeant Hugh Chisholm
Sergeant Keith Webster
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So it seemed everybody was happy – albeit McHardy managed to “mislay” an Inspector post, meantime replacing it with Detective Sergeant – the first such mention of the word “Detective” in the force.
As Inspector for Lochaber “Big Sandy” was apparently in his element, and his health did indeed remain improved. He and his growing family occupied the “County Buildings” (Police Station) in Fort William, and son Alexander Joseph (Alister) would eventually join the force in 1908, although the two men never served together at the same place.
Big Sandy died in service, at the age of 62, on 10th January 1915 and is buried in Cille Choirill churchyard in Roy Bridge .
The Chisholm family were clearly good friends with the MacFarlane family from Spean Bridge, and Big Sandy’s son (Alister, of whom more later) would marry into that family. Peter MacFarlane took over the chemist shop in Fort William, and also established a photographic business, which likely explains the superb photographic studies of the Chisholm police officers.
I am most grateful to Mr Peter Chisholm (grandson of “Big Sandy” and son of Alister) for allowing me to copy and use these photographs and documents, and to Big Sandy's great-grandson Alister McDermott (another retired police officer) for putting me in touch with Peter.
For all my flickr friends who have taken organic chemistry I'm sure you're familiar w/ this, part of the trusty molecular model. Lily helped me over the weekend when I was studying for my first orgo exam of the semester. I told her about cyclohexanes, axial and equatorial positions, hydrogen, carbon, hybridization, chair, half-chair, twist boat, boat and all that good stuff.
Now THIS was a first for us - coffee made in beakers and chemistry paraphernalia! Blue Spruce Coffee Shop, Stillwater, OK. Fun place, and great coffee!
Creator/Photographer: Unidentified photographer
Medium: Medium unknown
Date: Prior to 1867
Collection: Scientific Identity: Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology - As a supplement to the Dibner Library for the History of Science and Technology's collection of written works by scientists, engineers, natural philosophers, and inventors, the library also has a collection of thousands of portraits of these individuals. The portraits come in a variety of formats: drawings, woodcuts, engravings, paintings, and photographs, all collected by donor Bern Dibner. Presented here are a few photos from the collection, from the late 19th and early 20th century.
Repository: Smithsonian Institution Libraries
Accession number: SIL14-F001-03
One of many images that I am slowly importing from my whatsthatpicture.com website. See the original at www.whatsthatpicture.com/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=7083
Graeme Butler - 1992 survey images from Macedon Ranges cultural heritage and landscape study 1994:
`The planting on the property reputedly began with Madame Weigel, a fashionable and wealthy paper pattern maker, in c1890. She is said to have planted the huge oaks in the front lawn and built her house between them It was reputedly burnt 1903 and replaced by the next owners, the Andrew Murray family, in 1908.
Oscar Weigel (gentleman, care of Madam Weigel, Richmond) was the rated occupier and owner of the site in 1907-8 when it was `land and outbuildings on 27 acres, near the Lillies Leaf holding. In that year he sold it to a grazier, Andrew Murray of New Gisborne{ RB1907-8,997; RB1908-9,791}. Murray added a `villa and cottage' to the site almost immediately and kept the site until its sale to Phelia (Mrs Norton ) Grimwade c1918, then of Homeden, Toorak{ RB1917-18,1035}.
Meanwhile Norton Grimwade (listed as a chemist) had owned Montpellier which was located elsewhere on the mountain{ RB1910-11,683}. The 1920s meant increased annual valuation for Drusilla, indicating some form of general improvement which may have included the existing Bungalow style house formerly used by the manager{ RB1919-20,734 190 pounds; RB1924,713 225 pounds; RB1930,739 234 pounds}.
A member of the famous drug-manufacturing family, Edward Norton Grimwade and his wife Phelia, commissioned architects Godfrey & Spowers in 1931 to design the present house, no doubt benefiting from the cheap labour available during the depression. The house still cost 39,500 pounds once completed in 1932, reputedly replacing the Murray house of 1908.
Life there followed a luxurious course, with servants, the acquisition of a valuable art collection, and entertaining until the war forced the closure of the house and the Grimwades to shift into the manager's residence. Mrs Grimwade died in 1943, followed soon after by her husband: the house and contents were auctioned over many days at the close of 1945.
The Marist Brothers purchased Drusilla for 14,700 pounds. When the property was sold in 1945 the auction brochure listed all fittings/furnishings. The Marist Brothers made alterations in 1947 (back stair, underground water tank) to accommodate a Juniorate (preparation for the priesthood) and later a Novitiate which functioned there until 1977. It has been used as a retreat since, particularly for youth
E Norton Grimwade (1866-1945)
The eldest son of Frederich & Jessie Grimwade, he was the co-recipient of his father's share of the large chemical firm, Felton Grimwade & Co. who also developed a glass making industry which was to become ACI. After an education at Melbourne Grammar, Edward was sent overseas to learn the trade from London druggists but had to return home early and finished his course at the Melbourne College of Pharmacy with some acclaim. In 1889 he became a partner in his father's firm and two years later married Phelia Whittingham.
Drusilla became his permanent home. `A formidable man of business with an easy mastery of financial detail...'. He and his three brothers inherited his father's business at his death in 1910. Norton became chairman of directors of the Australian Glass Manufacturers P/L (once Melbourne Glass Bottle Works P/L) in 1915 and later the first chairman of Drug Houses of Australia in 1929 (retired 1937). But even by 1915, Norton & Harold `were well established as leaders of Melbourne's business life..'. Norton was also chairman of the fertilizer firm, Cumming Smith from 1920 and ACI from 1939. He had also continued his father's role as chairman of the Felton Bequest committee from 1910 where he experienced some controversy in the committee's dealings with the gallery. Phelia Grimwade House resulted from a bequest from Grimwade to Melbourne Church of England Girls Grammar School, in honor of his wife. He died at Drusilla in 1945.'
A pick me up, something for a cough, perhaps a tincture or two.
It's all here at the local chemist shop in Blist Hill Victorian town Ironbridge, Shropshire.
I popped into the local chemist to pick up a regular prescription and naturally enough peered into a mirror on a shelf :)
Taken on the island of Nåttarö (I've seen it spelled Nåtarö, too), south of Nynäshamn, which is south of Stockholm. It's about a 1.5 hour train/bus ride from Stockholm. Then the ferry ride is about 25 minutes.
This island is known for it's sand. There's also a sheltered harbor where boaters come every summer and just park for a week or many weeks. They relax, let the kids play, socialize in the evenings....
This is not the island that Tiger Woods and Elin Nordegren have a home on. That home (I think they bought the whole island) is called Fåglarö (spelled Faglaro in English).
This photo is a cropped and slightly enhanced version of www.flickr.com/photos/question_everything/2683540414/in/s....
This is what Wikipedia says about the Stockholm Archipelago:
The archipelago extends from Stockholm roughly 60 kilometers to the east. In a north-south direction, it mainly follows the coastline of the provinces Södermanland and Uppland, reaching roughly from Öja island, south of Nynäshamn to Väddö north of Norrtälje. It is separated from Åland by a stretch of water named South Kvarken. A separate group of islands lies further north, near the town of Öregrund. There are approximately 30,000 islands and islets.[1] Some of its more well known islands are Dalarö, Finnhamn, Grinda, Husarö, Ingarö, Isö, Ljusterö, Möja, Nämdö, Rödlöga, Tynningö, Utö, Svartsö and Värmdö.
The biggest towns of the archipelago, apart from Stockholm, are Gustavsberg and Vaxholm. The village of Ytterby, famous among chemists for naming no fewer than four chemical elements (erbium, terbium, ytterbium and yttrium), is situated on Resarö in the Stockholm Archipelago.
The shipping routes from the Baltic to Stockholm pass through the archipelago. There are three main entrances suitable for deep-draught craft, namely, those near Landsort, Sandhamn, and Söderarm.
Cruising between the small islands through the Stockholm Archipelago to either Åland or Helsinki in Finland is an experience. Weather allowing, the experience can be enhanced by enjoying a spectacular sunset from the deck that during summer months lasts until 10:30 - 11:00 o’clock at night.
When I lived in Stockholm I created a blog. Please visit it for more insights. It's called D &J's Marvelous Sweden Adventure.
Good information on the archipelago is here.
Chemists Advertisement, Cloudesley Rd, Islington, 1979
22s-31: house,
A closer view of the advertisements on the side of the former chemists I had photographed previously. I can't see any reason for the tilt of the camera, when taking this picture, which I put down to sheer laziness. Or perhaps a misguided idea about the snapshot aesthetic, confusing it with being deliberately slapdash.
But I think it was a day when I was more concerned with walking than with taking pictures, starting at Kings Cross, walking fairly randomly and taking very few frames.
Islington seems particularly rich in 'ghost signs' such as this one on the side of 94 Richmond Avenue, and twenty years after I took this picture, A. D. Harvey published an article, Painted Advertisements in Islington, listing around fifty of them, including this, in the Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, most of which are I think still visible, if now rather fainter. Now that everyone has a digital camera, if only in their phone, pictures of them are frequently posted on-line.
Ružička, Lavoslav (Leopold), Swiss organic chemist of Croatian origin (Vukovar, Sept. 13, 1887 – Mammern, Lake Constance, Sept. 26, 1976). He graduated from the classical gymnasium in Osijek (1906), studied chemistry at the Technical University in Karlsruhe, Germany, where under the supervision of H. Staudinger (future Nobel laureate in chemistry, 1953) he received his doctorate (1910) and remained as an assistant. When in 1912 Staudinger became a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) in Zurich, Ružička followed him there. He obtained Swiss citizenship in 1917, became a Privatdozent in 1918, and in 1923 titular professor. From 1925–26 he worked in Geneva, and from 1926–29 he was professor of organic chemistry at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. In 1929 he returned to Zurich as professor and head of the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry at ETH. His return to Zurich was motivated by the opportunities offered by the Swiss chemical industry, especially the pharmaceutical and fragrance industries, with which he collaborated successfully for many years. Ružička was also offered a chair in Zagreb, but declined due to insufficient research funding at the University of Zagreb.
Already as Staudinger’s collaborator, Ružička solved the structure of pyrethrins, insecticides obtained from Dalmatian pyrethrum. After the successful synthesis and structural determination of muscone and civetone, important in the perfume industry, he engaged in the preparation of macrocyclic compounds with large carbon rings. His scientific work on the structure of terpenes and polyterpenes, based on the isoprene rule, led him to the study of steroids. In 1933–34 he elucidated the synthesis and structure of the male sex hormone androsterone. For his research on polymethylenes and higher terpenes he was awarded, together with German chemist A. F. J. Butenandt, the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Because of wartime circumstances, Ružička did not travel to Stockholm for the award ceremony; instead, on January 16, 1940, the Swedish ambassador presented him the prize at a special ceremony at ETH. On that occasion, at the invitation of the Croatian Chemical Society, he came to Zagreb, where on March 16, 1940, he delivered the lecture From Dalmatian Pyrethrum to Sex Hormones. He was then elected honorary member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (JAZU), awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Zagreb, and became an honorary member of the Croatian Chemical Society, the Croatian Natural Science Society, and the Croatian Medical Association.
During World War II Ružička lost several valuable collaborators but sought to fill his laboratory with excellent younger chemists. Among others, he invited V. Prelog, later another Croatian Nobel laureate, to Zurich; Prelog became full professor at ETH in 1950, and in 1957, after Ružička’s retirement, took over as head of the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry. Ružička was also an honorary member of Matica hrvatska and was named honorary citizen of Vukovar. He received honorary doctorates from several universities worldwide and was a member of many learned societies and academies. Beyond chemistry, Ružička was deeply engaged in cultivating flowers and alpine plants; he was also interested in painting, especially Dutch 17th-century masters, and donated his collection of artworks to the Kunsthaus in Zurich.
Ružička often visited Croatia, where he sought to influence the shaping of scientific policy. Part of his legacy, including personal documents, medals, and his Nobel Prize diploma, is preserved at the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (HAZU). In 1965 a commemorative plaque was placed on his birthplace in Vukovar; in 1977 it was opened as a memorial museum. The house was destroyed in the 1991 Homeland War, but at the initiative of HAZU and with the support of the Ružička House Foundation it was rebuilt and expanded, and on the 120th anniversary of Ružička’s birth it was handed over to the city of Vukovar. In his honor, since 1978 chemists, chemical engineers, and technologists have organized regular scientific and professional meetings in Vukovar, usually every other year, under the title Ružička’s Days.
Citation:
Ružička, Lavoslav. Hrvatska enciklopedija, online edition. Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, 2013–2025. Accessed Aug. 18, 2025. www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/ruzicka-lavoslav.
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s529b4 10678 EncMediAI 1970-5 Lavoslav (Leopold) Ružička (Vukovar, 13. rujna 1887. – Mammern, Švicarska, 26. rujna 1976.) dobitnik je Nobelove nagrade za kemiju, te je prvi hrvatski dobitnik te nagrade. Nositelj je osam počasnih doktorata (četiri za znanost, dva za medicinu, te po jedan za prirodoslovne znanosti i pravo). Medicinska enciklopedija 5 O-SOK JLZ Zagreb MCMLXX (1970)
Title / Titre :
Chemist in a lab at the Sorel Steel plant draws liquid into a rounded, flat-bottomed glass jar to determine constituents of steel samples from the foundry, Quebec /
Un chimiste dans un laboratoire de l'aciérie Sorel Steel (Québec) pipette du liquide d'un erlenmeyer vers un ballon à fond plat, pour déterminer les composants des échantillons d'acier provenant de la fonderie
Creator(s) / Créateur(s) : Unknown / Inconnu
Date(s) : December 1940 / décembre 1940
Reference No. / Numéro de référence : MIKAN 3196134, 3627142
collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&...
collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&...
Location / Lieu : Sorel, Québec, Canada
Credit / Mention de source :
National Film Board of Canada. Photothèque. Library and Archives Canada, e000760234 /
Office national du film du Canada. Photothèque. Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, e000760234
First Appearance - Justice League of America #41 (December 1965)
The Key was originally a chemist with Intergang, he develops mind-expanding "psycho-chemicals" that help activate his senses and allow him to plan crimes mere humans can never hope to understand. Being an enemy of the Justice League as a whole, Batman is his primary enemy. In one of his most famous encounters with the Dark Knight he tries to provoke Batman into murdering him so he could escape life itself, but the plan proves unsuccessful.
Title: Photograph of E.A. Harwood Chemist and Dentist shop
Dated: No date
Digital ID: 10913_a030_a030000028
Rights: No known copyright restrictions www.records.nsw.gov.au/about-us/rights-and-permissions
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