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The Observatory is equipped with two radio telescopes (RT) – the only research capable RT in New Zealand - with dishes of size 12 m and 30 m in diameter. Both RT are of the Cassegrain system, using the main reflector (dish) and the sub-reflector which can be seeing on photos. Due to the larger structure of the 30 m RT, it is potentially vulnerable to gravity-induced structural deformation which varies as it operates at different elevation angles. Deviation from the ideal shape and misalignments between structural components can potentially result in partial loss of RT sensitivity. To study the surface quality of the main reflector, its alignment with the sub reflector, and the way these characteristics may vary, Recon Ltd was contracted to scan the surface of the telescope (the main and sub reflector) at different elevation angles.
Using a laser scanner for measuring surface quality is relatively new to Radio Astronomy and according to our knowledge has been used on very few occasions. Traditionally, two methods - Radio Frequency Holography and Photogrammetry - are widely used in radio astronomy. Both methods require specialised equipment, they are relatively time consuming, expensive and difficult to perform. The laser scanning method is easy and quick. Importantly, and unlike other methods, it allows scanning the main reflector and sub reflector surfaces jointly, therefore allowing to study the vital part of the RT “optics” as a whole. These advantages make the laser scanning heavily preferred over the other methods.
The FARO laser scanner is easy to carry and setup on the surface of the dish (weight ~5 kg). It has sufficient distance accuracy (± 1mm) and the operating range (from 0.6 m up to 320 m) for this research.
“Icmadophila is capable of killing and overgrowing moss mats. When colonizing mossy surfaces, the leading edge of the lichen is associated with a zone of necrosis in the moss.” - McCune, Bruce. 2017. Microlichens of the Pacific Northwest. Volume 2: Keys to the Species.
"Often you'll see lichens growing with bryophytes, so the two are potential competitors and a variety of lichen-bryophyte interactions do occur. Crustose lichens look like thin skins or simple washes of paint on the underlying soil, rock or wood. At first it would appear that such simple, two-dimensional growth forms could be easily overgrown by many bryophytes. In fact some crustose lichens are very effective at keeping bryophytes away, quite likely with chemical deterrents. Lichens produce a wide variety of chemical compounds, some of which have negative effects on bryophytes - acting to prevent spore germination or inhibiting protonemal or gametophytic growth [reference link] ." - www.anbg.gov.au/lichen/ecology-plants.html
my lichen photos arranged by genus www.flickr.com/photos/29750062@N06/collections/7215762439...
my photos arranged by subject www.flickr.com/photos/29750062@N06/collections/
Today continuing experiments with a new toy, the CO2mini model RAD-0301 external log capable CO2 desktop monitor.
www.co2meter.com/collections/desktop/products/co2mini-co2...
Displays CO2 in ppm. Works standalone powered by a USB power bank. Available downloadable Windows compatible logging software. Logger can configure or disable alarm levels. I have not evaluated other platform loggers available on the Internet.
Automatically produces log files which are subsequently viewable in the Cumulative Time Graph mode. Also produces on-demand jpg graph snapshots which are time stamped and put into the installation folder.
Yesterday fresh out of the box, it immediately alarmed with about 850 PPM, the factory alarm setting being 800. But that was with me standing over it breathing while reading the instruction sheets.
By airing out the kitchen/family room with open windows and fans (Kitchen/FR closed off from the rest of the house), 445 PPM was reached after about 20 minutes, close to then 415 PPM current mountaintop concentrations reported from Mauna Loa Hawaii.
With all exterior doors and windows then shut and all interior doors open, climbs up to about 650 to 750 PPM in an hour or so depending on where I am relative to the monitor.
If I get too close and exhale towards it, there is a lagged response with about a minute delay to the rise and another minute to fall back. So there is a sensor time delay but small compared with the time constants of human contaminating the room air and the room exchanging used air with outside air.
If I open the kitchen window two inches and leave the house, in about 25 minutes the kitchen family room is down to 600 PPM (remainder of connected house not measured).
Overnight, about 650-700 PPM in the master bedroom. Until 5:07 AM when I awoke and experimentally closed the bedroom door and the door to the master bath. So ventilation is thought to be mainly leakage past the two closed sliding aluminum single pane window sections Took one hour to climb to about 825, waking me with an alarm. Opened both bedroom door and door to the master bath, this picture shows about 25 minutes needed to go back down to 650-700 PPM equilibrium.
So a single sleeping human can make a closed room somewhat stuffy in an hour, airing a room by opening a window or door can take on the order of 25 minutes, and getting a room down to outside CO2 PPM levels can take fans about 20 minutes.
Home and office indoor CO2 PPM significance is controversial.
ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.1104789
www.lesswrong.com/posts/pPZ27eZdBXtGuLqZC/what-is-up-with...
But my interest is using CO2 as an indicating tracer gas to comparison evaluate retail store used air.
The preferred store(s) would have what I want, and have a reasonably low number of socially distancing customers during off-peak hours. But additionally, when I was present during those off-peak hours, equipped with PPE and my new CO2 nerdometer, the best stores would have low measured CO2 levels inside, approaching the outside PPM levels.
From few humans, or superior exterior make-up air ventilation, don't care which. It takes energy to heat/air condition introduced exterior air, so there is a tremendous incentive to mostly recirculate the interior air. Along with recirculating whatever fine particles the humans are exhaling (unless expensive recirculating virus filter provisions are made and maintained).
this was in Monterey bay, when we drove to the aquarium, a u-turn signal, was a bit complicated for drivers,,,all drivers, plus, there's a E.T. signal on the final left.
Dealers are now capable to commence ordering the all-new 2015 Ford F-150 and now we’;ve realized that the beginning price tag will improve somewhat to $26,515.
Ford initially unveiled the 2015 F-150 at the Detroit Auto Present in January, with the largest information getting its new...
www.autoblogvia.com/reviews/2015-ford-f-150-priced-at-265...
Douglas A-4 Skyhawk: A single seat carrier-capable attack aircraft developed for the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. The delta winged, single-engined Skyhawk was designed and produced by Douglas Aircraft Company, and later by McDonnell Douglas. The Skyhawk is a lightweight aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of 24,500 pounds and has a top speed of more than 600 miles per hour. The aircraft's five hardpoints support a variety of missiles, bombs and other munitions and were capable of delivering nuclear weapons using a low altitude bombing system and a "loft" delivery technique. The A-4 was originally powered by the Wright J65 turbojet engine; from the A-4E onwards, the Pratt & Whitney J52 was used.
Skyhawks played key roles in the Vietnam War, the Yom Kippur War, and the Falklands War. Sixty years after the aircraft's first flight, some of the nearly 3,000 produced remain in service with several air arms around the world, including from the Brazilian Navy's aircraft carrier, São Paulo (All ref. for aircraft from Wikipedia)
This is a family dedicated channel to our beloved big lad Benji
We got Benji in 2007 when he was 4 years old as the owner was suffering from an illness and was no longer capable of looking after him
We got him on the 21st may 2007 so we used that date to celebrate his birthday
When Benji came to live with us he was a very independant lad and was always the boss especially over my two young sons and he stamped his authority quite quickly
He did test us at the beginning but soon knew that living here with us he was going to get nothing more than love and attention and he got that in abundance
He loved his home comforts as he would often take over the settee and would declare that space as his own
I myself have had health issues and Benji would always pop his head up to see if everything was alright with me and i would do the same with him everynight
We nearly lost Benji in 2013/2014 when we discovered a small lump on his groin and the vet at the time told us it was just a fatty lump and just ignore it
We knew something was not right and advised the vet that we wanted it removed and we would pay for the operation
We booked him in 2 weeks after that appointment and when we got him to the PDSA they told us that it was a good job that we ignored her colleagues advice and decided to go for the operation as it saved his life as this so called fatty lump was actually a growth that was cutting off his blood vessel, The operation was a success and it extended our time with Benji
There was times that we questioned some of the vets advice as for when we kept asking about all the lumps that was appearing on his body and again we were told that they were just fatty lumps
Over the past couple of years we were concerned of a few lumps under his chest and a few that would appear around his ribs etc and again we were told to ignore them as they were fatty lumps
Well those lumps turned out to be cancer and cost our baby boy his life as his liver had also became very enlarged and we had to make a decssion if we wanted to die in agony as we were informed or for the vet to give him that terrible injection
We took him home for a day so that he could say his goodbyes to my sons and we stayed awake with him all night
The following morning we gave him his favourite a tin of tuna and he had a good drink of water and at 10:15am on September 1st 2017 Benji was put to sleep
My wife held him in her arms as i cuddled his head and kept him from seeing the needles and he dropped into his deep sleep forever
The vet that dealt with Benji on his final moment was a wonderful and caring vet and we thank her from the bottom of our hearts for all she done
We love you Benji and we will walk together again one day soon
Forever your
Mammy, Daddy and Brothers
what am i doing? it seems i'm not really capable of great acts of "unity" these days... apart from ...maybe one big thing, the greatest actually, pulling my life together! :-)
the kid is finally turning into a boy? the boy into a man, at last? i'm not really sure.
i never quite knew what to expect from it. i mean, maturity. maybe i just never thought it would belong to me really. i always used to project it onto others.
they had the strength and the power and all the beauty. "they" were the beautiful boys, the grown up, those in whose hands life counted as a piece of clay they could mold according to their wishes. i never really considered the efforts it took them, the process they too had to undergo in order to become what they wished to.
i just saw the flower in its splendour and simplicity.
and simply ignored all kinds of energies - personal, parental, social, belonging to the family and group of origin - that contributed to its realization.
i thought one was just lucky enough to be born an individual, a person of beauty and worth. now i know it is a life long process, requiring commitment and care and the helping hand - and heart i might say - of the ones who finally come to know and appreciate you as you do with them.
i'd like to thank all the people - extraordinary people - who are here with me. brothers, sisters, teachers and friends of today and tomorrow.
thank you.
A replica 12.5-inch RML (Rifled Muzzle Loader) gun in a casemate. The originals were 38 ton muzzle loading giants which were capable of firing a 818lb (371kg) shell using 2 cartridges of gunpowder weighing 80lb (36.3kg) each. The gun had a crew of 17 and took 3 to 5 minutes to load and fire.
From an account from Second Lieutenant F. York posted to No. 12 Company R.G.A at Landguard in 1905, "Within the fort itself was a tremendous armament; each barrack room was the emplacement for a 10 inch rifled muzzle loader of 18 tons. In the seaward Bastions were the 12.5 inch, a larger edition of the 10 inch and weighing 38 tons. Although equipped with projectiles these guns were mainly for 'Running Past'. Running past was a grand sport, each 10 inch was loaded with a cylinder containing sixty, three and a half inch chilled steel balls, the 12.5 inch with ninety. The guns were laid at a given range to cover certain channels, so that all possible approaches would be under fire....When the targets dashed through the lighted area the observation officer touched off the electric keys under each sight. The resulting phenomenon was really magnificent and the effect appalling on the old type torpedo boat, for decks must have been swept clean at that short range."
The RML guns were out of service by 1907 because an old post card of that date shows them on the grass within a Militia camp at Landguard. For many years it was suspected that the guns had been buried under the Inner Parade but after discovering the post card it is now thought they are buried beneath the concrete of Felixstowe Container Terminal.
Landguard Fort is owned by English Heritage and administered by The Landguard Fort Trust.
There has been a form of Fortification on this site since 1540-1545 and these have been in constant use until 1969 with the Battery being dismantled in 1956 and the barracks vacated in 1969. Ownership then passed from the Ministery of Defence to the Department of Ancient Monuments which later became English Heritage.
The site then lay derelict until 1985 when scrub clearance was undertaken. It was not until 1997 that the fort was repaired, waterproofed, and made safe for visitors. There is an on going programme of works to open more of this Historical site to the general public.
All vehicles have surround state of the art sound system, lights, bluetooth/aux radio capable and more!
The Focusun 10T Fresh water flake ice machine is capable of producing almost 10.000 KG of ice in just 24 hrs. The Chinese company produces high quality plants using only the best quality parts from world renowned companies. Focusun produces all its machines in Mainland China. Also in Focusun's long list of product catalog with different capacities include: Block Ice Machine, Tube Ice Plant, Cold Storage, Artificial Ice/Snow Maker, Cube Ice Machine, Plate Ice Plant, Ice Crushers, Ice Compactors, Water Cooling Systems, Ice Bagging Machines, Air Cooling Systems, Diesel Generators and more...
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INTELLIGENT POWER DELIVERY – USB-C Power Delivery for MacBook Pro can be capable of simultaneously transferring data and charging devices based on USB Power Delivery Specification (USB PD protocol). NOT Compatible with devices based on QC (Quick Charge 2.0/3.0) charging protocol
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WARRANTY – we provide a 12-month warranty on USB type C hubs, we also provide a friendly, easy-to-reach support service should you need it
Expand to multiple ports (Plug & Play)
1 x Thunderbolt 3 post gives you more power to charge you device, up to 5k or 2 x 4k @ 60Hz video, up to 40Gb/s data speed
1 x USB-C data transfer port – experience data transfer of up to 5Gbps between MacBook Pro and your Phone, hard disk or USB disk
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BABUSHKA - SNAPSHOT OF A KILLER (Chapter Six)
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Охотник, как охотник
HUNTER AS THE HUNTED
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Pavlovsky Posad, East Moscow Oblast
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Pausing briefly by the old boathouse in which nestled Sergei's beloved wooden hulled sail boat that he'd hand crafted over the course of his lifetime, now burned and gutted, a sight capable of making her true friend turn in his grave if he'd been afforded such a common courtesy.
Sergei's quietly elegant retreat in Pavlovsky Posad, Sixty eight kilometres from Moscow where the Klyazma and Vokhna rivers converged, now resembled a war zone as Tatiana's saddened eyes perused the debris and mayhem left behind by uncaring hands that had ripped through every nook and cranny in an attempt to find or disguise any morsels of information that might be useful once the man himself had been disposed of. Moments and memories shared in the ample grounds now ransacked and desecrated, tears and toil, happiness and love buried beneath the chaos that had reigned down in hands of betrayal and fury.
Stepping from the once beautiful stone walled gardens into the main body of the building, Tatiana's heart sank as her eyes witnessed the devastating fall out of the assault. Graffiti daubed walls and human excrement, a staged cacophony of poverty fuelled aggression that left her numb in all respects. The necessity of the act overshadowed Tatiana's natural guilt at sifting through the wreckage of her mentor's life, her eyes saddened by the carnage, and mind fixated with the knowledge that all we are or ever were can be gathered up and categorized into a series of storage boxes in the cold light of day.
Broken antique wooden picture frames with photographs shredded by callous fingers and strewn across the sumptuous deep pile carpets, hallway mirrors smashed and hanging by strands of their metal chains, glass shards seated jagged and proud laying siege to delicate flesh, tossed lace lampshades and drawers of emptied items all that was left of the two lives who once shared the space with love and unity. How Sergei's smiling face now haunted her conscience.
Tatiana knew the methodical methods utilized by her agency, and despite the feeblest of attempts to disguise the ransacking as mere wanton waste at the hands of opportunist thieves, she could spot the tell tale signs of professionals at work. The clinical precision with which key objects were discarded and destroyed, items left behind that any self respecting crack head could swiftly trade for cash on the black market, precious metals that could be melted down, and the neat pathway through the mayhem left by those trying just a little too hard to fool untrained eyes. Working expeditiously, she examined the minutia of details, searching in the locations only her peers would think to hide documents or clues that might lead her to the root of the betrayal. All the while, the hairs on the back of her neck were raised, a feeling in her gut telling her that something here was not right. No trip wires or booby traps, but the sensation of impending doom which gripped her like a vice.
Tatiana's sixth sense told her that, no matter what her eyes and ears were relaying back to her brain, she was not alone in the house, as stealthily she moved room to room, limbs primed, senses heightened all the while. Sniffing the air for subtle tones, she could almost smell the heady aroma of testosterone and adrenalin that coursed through the fibre's of the atmosphere as she examined every cubby hole, eyes and ears on full alert. A subtle indentation in the carpet, a red velvet curtain pulled to one side enough to facilitate watchful eyes on her arrival at the scene. The sound of drawing breath, a heartbeat or murmur, a tiny creak from the wooden floorboards, all were tell tale signs to one so skilful as she.
When the attack came, as swift as it was deadly, it was met with pent up aggression, frustration at the loss of her mentor and an inner anger that knew no bounds. The first hostile blows reigned down from above as dropping silently from the loft hatch on the second floor, a diminutive Asian female executed several perfect crescent kicks to Tatiana's legs before she could turn instinctive defence into unbridled attack.
Tatiana smiled wryly as she considered the scene like an episode from a Tarantino movie with the stereotyped ninja warrior screeching as she executed jumps and leaps of truly astounding acrobatic finesse. Grabbing her assailants right thrusting fist in her hand, she pulled the woman inwards, connecting with a head butt that instantly broke the attacker's nose. The audible sound of the impact was followed by blood flow and Tatiana's shoulders under the woman's outstretched right arm, which she twisted with enough speed and power to instantly dislocate at the shoulder. A piercing scream was ejected as the attacker was tossed aside like a broken rag doll at the hands of a petulent child, a second attacker entering the fray from her side.
Thick set, male Caucasian, one hundred and eighty pounds and sporting an oiled and pristine Beretta 92FS Elite aimed straight at Tatiana's face. Funny how she picked up on those tiny details in the heat of the violent confrontation, as gun oil permeated her nostrils, sparking memories as flashbacks, years of training until she could strip and clean, reassemble and fire her pistol accurately, blindfolded with ease. Instinctively, she turned away from the gun, using the terrified would be assassin as a shield as she hoisted her towards her body, ducking down behind the injured woman as the three rounds fired in quick succession tore into her flesh, killing her in a heartbeat. As the realization of what he had just done registered upon the man's face, Tatiana moved outwards from the dead woman's carcass, pushing her to one side and pulling her knife from the confines of her right boot, tossing it with the precision of a circus knife thrower straight into the man's left shoulder.
The man fired a reflex round as he reeled backwards in pain, his right hand still on the trigger and left hand holding the knife at the handle as he quickly pulled it out. Tatiana jumped and rolled to her right, behind the sofa which the attacker now peppered liberally with his Beretta, trying to pick her off through the array of leather, springs and soft stuffing now acting as a shield which exploded into the room like daisy wheel spores on a summer's day. Tatiana pushed her body quickly on all fours, leaping into the kitchen room adjacent to her position.
Before she had time to think, the attacker was at the kitchen door, a fresh magazine pushed into place, locked and loaded with a defining clunk as the old one unclipped and found release in the velvet softness of the deep pile carpet. Tatiana came in lower than a snakes belly, and faster than a speeding locomotive, lashing out a carefully aimed foot which buckled the man's left leg and had him falling to the ground as she kicked again and dislodged the pistol from his grip, sending it flying into the air until it eventually came to rest in the corner near the wine fridge which held captive a dozen bottles of exquisite Champagnes.
The pair traded jabs and punches as they writhed on the kitchen tiled floor which was cold to the touch as flesh caressed it's sinews and limbs entwined in the deadliest of embraces. The power struggle was fierce and long as trained bodies grappled and groped, finely matched, fingers searching for bodily orifices to use in the game of one one-one-upmanship. Held in a headlock, sweaty palms fighting to contain the venom of her anger, Tatiana briefly broke free with a swift upwards punch to the man's head which allowed her a second to rise before a bony clenched fist impacted squarely with her face, sending her reeling backwards across the floor like a rag doll before she hit the wooden work units that had been pulled apart, their contents strewn across the floor all around her. The seering pain was intense and unrelenting.
As the man turned and reached for the pistol, his hand luxuriating in the satisfaction of metallic euphoria as it fell into his hand, Tatiana's eyes and hands were unified in agreement as she gathered up a poultry boning knife that lay near it's peers by the broken wooden Sabatier knife block that had been thrown down during the vigorous search earlier on.
A knife versus semi automatic pistol, the flick of the wrist against the sweet expelation of metallic brutality and both parties unleashed their weapons of choice. The boning knife impaled itself deliciously into the man's heart, his eyes temporarily glancing up before they glazed over, his hand caressing the handle as the finality of his last breath dawned upon a troubled mind. Lights out, his carcass crumpling into a heap at Tatiana's feet. But this pro was quick, loosing off a single slug which raced through the air at breakneck speed on a downwards trajectory that ended as it ripped through Tatiana's flesh, pulsating with fire and venom as it expelled through the back of her right arm, just above her elbow. She allowed herself the indulgence of a stunted yelp as the piercing pain came over her, knowing instantly that she needed to compress the exit and entry points and stem the trickle of rich ruby life blood if she was to make good her exit from the scene and live to fight another day.
Ripping a section of soft white cotton from the shirt of the dead body lying beneath her, she noted that the wound was relatively clean, the heat of the bullet having practically cauterized the wound in the violence of the act itself. Moving quickly into the living room just to her left, she located the drinks cabinet, glass fronted, a plethora of expensive bottles of varying colour liquids pulled and pushed from the neatness of their original locations, several smashed with carpet stains that lay interfused with aromas and concoctions not yet discovered by the partying elite. A partially opened bottle of Glenfarclas Single Highland Malt fell into her grasp, as, removing the lid with her teeth, spitting it onto the carpet in most unceremonious fashion, Tatiana liberally poured the contents across the small wounds front and back on her arm before wrapping the cloth strip around her flesh with her left hand, tying off the two ends as tight as she could bare before returning to the corpse of the first assailant.
Hand rifling through trousers and shirt faster than a pick pocket in Cairo on a summers day, she swiftly moved onto the dead woman's body, coming across a small cardboard envelope in which were housed a series of covert colour photographs that she studied each in turn. Two men, a bland hotel room, friendly handshakes and smiling faces. An outside shot from a French themed bar with figures at a table sipping grandiose coffee, shades on a overcast day, image angled from a distant balcony with a powerful telephoto.
Several other images portrayed similar meetings, different clothes, alternate dates, one constant amongst the details. What the hell was Dmitri doing in each of the frames. The final document in the cardboard wallet was a folded piece of white A4 paper detailing dates and transactions from a bank account of sorts. Large figures, reoccurring noughts, regular payments and a fat balance with scribbled observations noting withdrawal amounts and end user accounts in handwriting that Tatiana little recognised.
Her ears pricked up at the sound of a vehicle pulling to a less than conventional halt outside the house by the North entrance. Tyres squealing their protest and several doors opening at speed, had her at the window tucked to one side behind the expensive shades, eyes perusing the four burly men who climbed out, high end Italian leather shoes kissing the warm tarmac, hands adjusting jackets behind which sat holsters and guns. Tatiana moved quickly into the hallway, locating a stairwell cupboard in which was located the neat pipework for the gas supply which she loosened until the sound of the escaping gas greeted her ears. Door open, she entered the kitchen and grabbed a thick magazine from the pile thrown all over the floor.
In the corner on the worktop, a silver metallic toaster, four slice, pristine like every appliance in the house. Inserting the wall plug into the socket, she flicked on the power, pushed the folded magazines into two of the slots and depressed them as the bars heated to a red glow.
Making her way to the opposite door, she headed quickly out, leaving the magazines to begin burning as the intensity of the heat rapidly grew. Directly in her pathway came one of the hoodlums, a smart-ass who had taken the initiative to cut off any exit by the fleeing target. Somewhat taken aback by his fortuitous move, none the less pistol raised and intent obvious as he smiled, relishing the prospect of taking full credit for the kill. Tatiana stopped in her tracks and carefully placed a shell between his eyes without thinking. A gun placed in her weakest of hands was still a match for even the most opportune of opponents. Action and instinct in it's purest form. Placing a shoe soul onto freshly executed flesh, she walked across the dead man and made good her escape.
As she made her way from the scene she heard the explosion as the intruders unwittingly entered the front door, allowing oxygen to dance a delicious tango with the flames and gas that rose in the mix. Soon, she was away like a ghost, a million questions on her mind, tainted by doubt and with a need for answers to satisfy her natural curiosity. Behind her, the bodies char grilled like a Sunday afternoon barbecue.
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Rewritten in July 2011.
Original story penned in August 2010.
Photograph taken on May 25th 2011 in the grounds of Scotney Castle, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England.
Nikon D700 50mm 1/125s f/4.0 iso200
Nikkor 50mm f/2.8. UV filter. MetaGPS geotag. Latitude: 51 7\'16.65"N Longitude: 0 13\'33.93"E
There are a very few models capable to cast a shadow over my beloved iron horse. Alex is one of 'em.
Earlier that day we were participating in a Distinguished Gentlemen Ride event, so all we needed was a role of film, some of that generous sun and a half an hour to fire few shots.
On a technical note, I have surprised myself by developing this in (all interested may as well write down the recipe) Ilford Perceptol 1+3, 20C for 23 minutes with 10 sec agitations each minute.
Film used: Kodak Tri-X 400 exposed at it's nominal value.
Hasselblad 500C/M with Carl Zeiss macro planar CFi f4/120mm with RED FILTER (-3) used.
I was surprised that even digitaltruth had very little data on a combination of Tri-X at 400 ASA and Perceptol, don't ask me how I've calculated this one.
The Bremen-built Norrona is capable of carrying 1482 passengers and 634 cars.
During the summer months of 2007 and 2008 it sailed to Scrabster from Bergen once a week. It then headed north to Torshavn in the Faroes and on to Seyisfjrur in Iceland before returning to the Faroes and then back to Bergen.
In November 2008 the Faroese government had to step in to save Smyril from bankruptcy with the injection of £3.1m.
Now the Norrona is used for a year-round service from the Faroes to Denmark, calling in Iceland between spring and autumn only.
Gross Tonnage: 35966
Deadweight: 6113 t
Length Overall x Breadth Extreme: 164.56m × 33.5m
Year Built: 2003
IMO: 9227390
MMSI: 231200000
Call Sign: OZ2040
Flag: Faroe Is [FO]
AIS Vessel Type: Passenger
The Focusun 10T Fresh water flake ice machine is capable of producing almost 10.000 KG of ice in just 24 hrs. The Chinese company produces high quality plants using only the best quality parts from world renowned companies. Focusun produces all its machines in Mainland China. Also in Focusun's long list of product catalog with different capacities include: Block Ice Machine, Tube Ice Plant, Cold Storage, Artificial Ice/Snow Maker, Cube Ice Machine, Plate Ice Plant, Ice Crushers, Ice Compactors, Water Cooling Systems, Ice Bagging Machines, Air Cooling Systems, Diesel Generators and more...
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Bernard Bosanquet, died at his home in Surrey on October 12, the day before the 59th anniversary of his birth. A capable allround cricketer at Eton and Oxford and also for Middlesex, Bosanquet enjoyed chief claim to fame as the acknowledged inventor of the googly. In the 1925 issue of Wisden there was reproduced an article from The Morning Post in which Bosanquet described all about the discovery of what he termed in the heading "The Scapegoat of Cricket". He wrote, Poor old googly! It has been subjected to ridicule, abuse, contempt, incredulity, and survived them all. Deficiencies existing at the present day are attributed to the influence of the googly. If the standard of bowling falls off it is because too many cricketers devote their time to trying to master it... If batsmen display a marked inability to hit the ball on the off-side or anywhere in front of the wicket and stand in apologetic attitudes before the wicket, it is said that the googly has made it impossible for them to attempt the old aggressive attitude and make the scoring strokes.
But, after all, what is the googly? It is merely a ball with an ordinary break produced by an extra-ordinary method. It is not difficult to detect, and, once detected, there is no reason why it should not be treated as an ordinary break-back. However, it is not for me to defend it. If I appear too much in the role of the proud parent I ask forgiveness.
As to the birth of the googly, Bosanquet wrote: Somewhere about the year 1897 I was playing a game with a tennis ball, known as `Twisti-Twosti.' The object was to bounce the ball on a table so that your opponent sitting opposite could not catch it... After a little experimenting I managed to pitch the ball which broke in a certain direction; then with more or less the same delivery make the next ball go in the opposite direction! I practised the same thing with a soft ball at `Stump-cricket.' From this I progressed to the cricket ball...
I devoted a great deal of time to practisting the googly at the nets, occasionally in unimportant matches. The first public recognition we obtained was in July, 1900, for Middlesex v. Leicestershire at Lord's. An unfortunate individual (Coe, the left-hander) had made 98 when he was stumped off a fine specimen which bounced four times -- This small beginning marked the start of what came to be termed a revolution in bowling...
The googly (bowled by a right-hand bowler to a right-hand batsman) is nothing more or less that an ordinary off-break. The method of delivery is the secret of its difficulty, and this merely consisted in turning the wrist over at the moment of delivery far enough to alter the axis of spin, so that a ball which normally delivered would break from leg, breaks from the off.
A few incidents stand out vividly. The first time it was bowled against the Australians -- at Lord's late one evening in 1902 -- when I had two overs and saw two very puzzled Australians return to the pavilion. It rained all next day and not one of them tumbled to the fact that it was not an accident. The first googly ever bowled in Australia, in March 1903; Trumper batting, having made 40 in about twenty minutes. Two leg-breaks were played beautifully to cover, but the next ball (delivered with a silent prayer) pitching in the same place, saw the same graceful stroke played -- and struck the middle stump instead of the bat! W. Gunn stumped when appreciably nearer my wicket than his own! Arthur Shrewsbury complaining that it wasn't fair. There are two or three bright patches I can recall. For instance in 1904 when in three consecutive matches I got five wickets in each innings v. Yorkshire, six in each v. Nottinghamshire, and seven in each v. Sussex (including Fry and `Ranji').
There was one week in 1905 in which I had eleven wickets v. Sussex at Lord's (and got 100 in each innings; the double feat is still a record); and during the next three days in the first Test match at Nottingham I got eight out of nine wickets which fell in the second innings, the last man being out just before a thunderstorm broke -- and even then if Trumper could have hobbled to the wicket it meant a draw! This recalls the fourth Test match at Sydney in March, 1904, in which at one period in the second innings I had six for 12, and then got Noble leg-before and never appealed. The last man was in, and the match won, and there were reasons!
There is a good story of Dick Lilley, the best wicketkeeper in a big match we have known. In the Gentlemen and Players match at The Oval in 1904 I got a few wickets in the second innings. Then one of the `Pros.' came in and said, `Dick's in next; he's calling us a lot of rabbits; says he can see every ball you bowl. Do try and get him and we'll rag his life out'. Dick came in. I bowled him two overs of leg-breaks then changed my action and bowled another leg-break. Dick played it gracefully to fine leg and it removed his off stump! I can still hear the reception he got in the dressing room.
In that match Bosanquet took 8 wickets (6 in the second innings for 60 runs) and scored 145.
These performances, described personally, convey some idea of Bosanquet's ability but scarcely do justice to a splendid all-round cricketer. Quite six feet tall, Bosanquet brought the ball over from a great height so that flight as well as the uncertain break mystified batsmen until a whole side became demoralised. When playing a big innings, Bosanquet in fine upstanding style, put power into his drives and forcing strokes with apparently little effort.
Born on October 13, 1877, Bosanquet was sent to Eton and profited so much by coaching by Maurice Read and William Brockwell, the famous Surrey professionals, that he got his place in the eleven and against Harrow at Lord's in 1896, scored 120. In his second year at Oxford, 1898, he received his Blue from F. H. E. Cunliffe and played three times against Cambridge without doing anything exceptional. In those days he was a useful bowler, medium to fast, and gradually cultivated the leg-break.
Bosanquet played a lot for Middlesex from 1900 to 1908 and made a few appearances for the county subsequently, but did not bowl after 1908. His great year was 1904 when he made 1,405 runs, with an average of 36 and took 132 wickets for less than 22 runs apiece. Twice he put together two separate hundreds in the same match, 136 and 139 against Leicestershire at Lord's in 1900, and 103 and 100 not out against Sussex at Lord's in 1905. This was the match in which he took eleven wickets.
Among his bowling feats besides those in Test matches were:-- 15 wickets for 65 runs, including nine wickets in one innings, for Oxford against Sussex at Oxford in 1900; 14 wickets for 190 runs for Middlesex against Sussex at Brighton in 1904, and nine wickets in one innings for the M.C.C. against South Africans at Lord's in 1904.
Bosanquet took part in six different tours, going to America with P. F. Warner's team in 1898, and with K. S. Ranjitsinhji's team in 1899; to New Zealand and Australia with Lord Hawke's team in 1902-03; to Australia with the M.C.C team in 1903-04. He captained sides that went to America in 1901 and to the West Indies in 1901-02.
In addition to cricket he represented Oxford University at Hammer Throwing in 1899 and 1900, and at Billiards in 1898 and 1900.
This off-road mech is capable to travel 1200 miles without re-fueling. It's powerd by a V8 16.7 liters engine with 1248LHP (Leg Horse Power). The cruising speed is at around 160mph. It's equipped with powerful headlights for night time.
It's inspired by my last racing mech and Legohaulic's Off road racer.
Hope you like it :D
"photo by Dawn Elizabeth Pandoliano/ParaglideAn M1A1 tank is driv" "low maintenance bridge during the dedication ceremony held Sept." "the Construction Enginpeering Research Laboratorydesigned and bui" "made from some 85" "000 pounds of recycled plastics" "is the first structure ofits kind capable of supporting military" "wood and cement. It defies catastrophic failure" "withstands staticand grows stronger when exposed to environmenta" "itresists erosion" therefore "relacement cost is reduced." "photo by Dawn Elizabeth Pandoliano/ParaglideAn M1A1 tank is driven over the first termoplastic composite bridge to demonstrate the strength of the first 95 percent recycled" "low maintenance bridge during the dedication ceremony held Sept. 18 at Camp Mackall. Working in conjunction with Fort Bragg's Directorate of Public Worksand industry partners" "the Construction Engineering Research Laboratorydesigned and built the thermoplastic bridge to replace unserviceable woodenbridge structures on Fort Bragg and Camp Mackall. The thermoplastic bridge" "is the first structure ofits kind capable of supporting military equipment loads in excess of 70tons. Its' structural integrity surpasses that of traditional materials suchas steel" "withstands staticand grows stronger when exposed to environmental elements. Additionally" "fort bragg" army parglide soldier
Cowes Lifeboat B-810
Tabby Cat & Relief Lifeboat B-850 Edna May
in Gurnard Bay.
Both of these RNLI Lifeboats are Atlantic 85 B class lifeboats, which are 8½ metres long, are capable of 35 knots and can carry up to four crew members.
The Atlantic 85 was designed by the RNLI and has been developed over the past 5 years to meet the ever-changing requirements of the lifesaving service. It can operate safely in daylight up to force 7 conditions and at night up to force 6.
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house led us to the development of the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect KRDB to design, develop, and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. SOL has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes, DIY Network’s: This New House, Builder Magazine, and Green Builder Magazine.
Photos by DeLea Becker @ Beck-Reit and Sons, Ltd.
This is a family dedicated channel to our beloved big lad Benji
We got Benji in 2007 when he was 4 years old as the owner was suffering from an illness and was no longer capable of looking after him
We got him on the 21st may 2007 so we used that date to celebrate his birthday
When Benji came to live with us he was a very independant lad and was always the boss especially over my two young sons and he stamped his authority quite quickly
He did test us at the beginning but soon knew that living here with us he was going to get nothing more than love and attention and he got that in abundance
He loved his home comforts as he would often take over the settee and would declare that space as his own
I myself have had health issues and Benji would always pop his head up to see if everything was alright with me and i would do the same with him everynight
We nearly lost Benji in 2013/2014 when we discovered a small lump on his groin and the vet at the time told us it was just a fatty lump and just ignore it
We knew something was not right and advised the vet that we wanted it removed and we would pay for the operation
We booked him in 2 weeks after that appointment and when we got him to the PDSA they told us that it was a good job that we ignored her colleagues advice and decided to go for the operation as it saved his life as this so called fatty lump was actually a growth that was cutting off his blood vessel, The operation was a success and it extended our time with Benji
There was times that we questioned some of the vets advice as for when we kept asking about all the lumps that was appearing on his body and again we were told that they were just fatty lumps
Over the past couple of years we were concerned of a few lumps under his chest and a few that would appear around his ribs etc and again we were told to ignore them as they were fatty lumps
Well those lumps turned out to be cancer and cost our baby boy his life as his liver had also became very enlarged and we had to make a decssion if we wanted to die in agony as we were informed or for the vet to give him that terrible injection
We took him home for a day so that he could say his goodbyes to my sons and we stayed awake with him all night
The following morning we gave him his favourite a tin of tuna and he had a good drink of water and at 10:15am on September 1st 2017 Benji was put to sleep
My wife held him in her arms as i cuddled his head and kept him from seeing the needles and he dropped into his deep sleep forever
The vet that dealt with Benji on his final moment was a wonderful and caring vet and we thank her from the bottom of our hearts for all she done
We love you Benji and we will walk together again one day soon
Forever your
Mammy, Daddy and Brothers
It was the first Surface-To-Surface missile in the United States arsenal capable of delivering nuclear payloads.
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The first Soviet production fighter capable of supersonic speeds in level flight, the prototype MiG-19 (NATO code-name "Farmer") made its first flight in September 1953. Entering production in 1955, it became the Soviet Union's primary fighter during the last half of the 1950s. Possibly as many as 10,000 MiG-19s, in various versions, were built by the Soviet Union, China, Poland and Czechoslovakia. Many other countries used the MiG-19, including Cuba, North Vietnam, North Korea, Iraq and most of the Warsaw Pact nations. The Soviet Union phased out the MiG-19 in the early 1960s in favor of the more advanced MiG-21, but other nations continued to use the MiG-19 for many more years.
The museum obtained MiG-19S on display from the 457th Technical Evaluation Squadron based at Nellis Air Force Base, Nev. It went on display in October 1994.
The Douglas A-4 Skyhawk is a single-seat subsonic carrier-capable light attack aircraft developed for the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps in the early 1950s. The delta-winged, single turbojet engined Skyhawk was designed and produced by Douglas Aircraft Company, and later by McDonnell Douglas. It was originally designated A4D under the U.S. Navy's pre-1962 designation system.
The Skyhawk is a relatively lightweight aircraft, with a maximum takeoff weight of 24,500 pounds (11,100 kg), and has a top speed of 670 miles per hour (1,080 km/h). The aircraft's five hardpoints support a variety of missiles, bombs, and other munitions. It is capable of carrying a bomb load equivalent to that of a World War II–era Boeing B-17 bomber, and can deliver nuclear weapons using a low-altitude bombing system and a "loft" delivery technique. The A-4 was originally powered by the Wright J65 turbojet engine; from the A-4E onwards, the Pratt & Whitney J52 engine was used.
Skyhawks played key roles in the Vietnam War, the Yom Kippur War, and the Falklands War. Sixty years after the aircraft's first flight in 1954, some of the 2,960 produced (through February 1979) remain in service with the Argentine Air Force and the Brazilian Naval Aviation.
From Wikipedia:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk
Photo by Eric Friedebach
This is a family dedicated channel to our beloved big lad Benji
We got Benji in 2007 when he was 4 years old as the owner was suffering from an illness and was no longer capable of looking after him
We got him on the 21st may 2007 so we used that date to celebrate his birthday
When Benji came to live with us he was a very independant lad and was always the boss especially over my two young sons and he stamped his authority quite quickly
He did test us at the beginning but soon knew that living here with us he was going to get nothing more than love and attention and he got that in abundance
He loved his home comforts as he would often take over the settee and would declare that space as his own
I myself have had health issues and Benji would always pop his head up to see if everything was alright with me and i would do the same with him everynight
We nearly lost Benji in 2013/2014 when we discovered a small lump on his groin and the vet at the time told us it was just a fatty lump and just ignore it
We knew something was not right and advised the vet that we wanted it removed and we would pay for the operation
We booked him in 2 weeks after that appointment and when we got him to the PDSA they told us that it was a good job that we ignored her colleagues advice and decided to go for the operation as it saved his life as this so called fatty lump was actually a growth that was cutting off his blood vessel, The operation was a success and it extended our time with Benji
There was times that we questioned some of the vets advice as for when we kept asking about all the lumps that was appearing on his body and again we were told that they were just fatty lumps
Over the past couple of years we were concerned of a few lumps under his chest and a few that would appear around his ribs etc and again we were told to ignore them as they were fatty lumps
Well those lumps turned out to be cancer and cost our baby boy his life as his liver had also became very enlarged and we had to make a decssion if we wanted to die in agony as we were informed or for the vet to give him that terrible injection
We took him home for a day so that he could say his goodbyes to my sons and we stayed awake with him all night
The following morning we gave him his favourite a tin of tuna and he had a good drink of water and at 10:15am on September 1st 2017 Benji was put to sleep
My wife held him in her arms as i cuddled his head and kept him from seeing the needles and he dropped into his deep sleep forever
The vet that dealt with Benji on his final moment was a wonderful and caring vet and we thank her from the bottom of our hearts for all she done
We love you Benji and we will walk together again one day soon
Forever your
Mammy, Daddy and Brothers
The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), also known as the common peafowl, and blue peafowl, is a peafowl species native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been introduced to many other countries. Male peafowl are referred to as peacocks, and female peafowl are referred to as peahens, although both sexes are often referred to colloquially as a "peacock".
Indian peafowl display a marked form of sexual dimorphism. The peacock is brightly coloured, with a predominantly blue fan-like crest of spatula-tipped wire-like feathers and is best known for the long train made up of elongated upper-tail covert feathers which bear colourful eyespots. These stiff feathers are raised into a fan and quivered in a display during courtship. Despite the length and size of these covert feathers, peacocks are still capable of flight. Peahens lack the train, have a white face and iridescent green lower neck, and dull brown plumage. The Indian peafowl lives mainly on the ground in open forest or on land under cultivation where they forage for berries, grains but also prey on snakes, lizards, and small rodents. Their loud calls make them easy to detect, and in forest areas often indicate the presence of a predator such as a tiger. They forage on the ground in small groups and usually try to escape on foot through undergrowth and avoid flying, though they fly into tall trees to roost.
The function of the peacock's elaborate train has been debated for over a century. In the 19th century, Charles Darwin found it a puzzle, hard to explain through ordinary natural selection. His later explanation, sexual selection, is widely but not universally accepted. In the 20th century, Amotz Zahavi argued that the train was a handicap, and that males were honestly signalling their fitness in proportion to the splendour of their trains. Despite extensive study, opinions remain divided on the mechanisms involved.
The bird is celebrated in Hindu and Greek mythology, and is the national bird of India. The Indian peafowl is listed as of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
Taxonomy and naming
Carl Linnaeus in his work Systema Naturae in 1758 assigned to the Indian peafowl the technical name of Pavo cristatus (means "crested peafowl" in classical Latin).
The earliest usage of the word in written English is from around 1300 and spelling variants include pecok, pekok, pecokk, peacocke, peacock, pyckock, poucock, pocok, pokok, pokokke, and poocok among others. The current spelling was established in the late 17th century. Chaucer (1343–1400) used the word to refer to a proud and ostentatious person in his simile "proud a pekok" in Troilus and Criseyde (Book I, line 210).
The Sanskrit, later Pali, and modern Hindi term for the animal is maur. It is debated that the nomenclature of the Maurya Empire, whose first emperor Chandragupta Maurya was raised and influenced by peacock farmers was named after the terminology.
The Greek word for peacock was taos and was related to the Persian "tavus" (as in Takht-i-Tâvus for the famed Peacock Throne). The Ancient Hebrew word tuki (plural tukkiyim) has been said to have been derived from the Tamil tokei but sometimes traced to the Egyptian tekh. In modern Hebrew the word for peacock is "tavas". In Sanskrit, the peacock is known as Mayura and is associated with the killing of snakes.
Description
Male neck detail
Peacocks are a larger sized bird with a length from bill to tail of 100 to 115 cm (39 to 45 in) and to the end of a fully grown train as much as 195 to 225 cm (77 to 89 in) and weigh 4–6 kg (8.8–13.2 lb). The females, or peahens, are smaller at around 95 cm (37 in) in length and weigh 2.75–4 kg (6.1–8.8 lb). Indian peafowl are among the largest and heaviest representatives of the Phasianidae. So far as is known, only the wild turkey grows notably heavier. The green peafowl is slightly lighter in body mass despite the male having a longer train on average than the male of the Indian species. Their size, colour and shape of crest make them unmistakable within their native distribution range. The male is metallic blue on the crown, the feathers of the head being short and curled. The fan-shaped crest on the head is made of feathers with bare black shafts and tipped with bluish-green webbing. A white stripe above the eye and a crescent shaped white patch below the eye are formed by bare white skin. The sides of the head have iridescent greenish blue feathers. The back has scaly bronze-green feathers with black and copper markings. The scapular and the wings are buff and barred in black, the primaries are chestnut and the secondaries are black. The tail is dark brown and the "train" is made up of elongated upper tail coverts (more than 200 feathers, the actual tail has only 20 feathers) and nearly all of these feathers end with an elaborate eye-spot. A few of the outer feathers lack the spot and end in a crescent shaped black tip. The underside is dark glossy green shading into blackish under the tail. The thighs are buff coloured. The male has a spur on the leg above the hind toe.
The adult peahen has a rufous-brown head with a crest as in the male but the tips are chestnut edged with green. The upper body is brownish with pale mottling. The primaries, secondaries and tail are dark brown. The lower neck is metallic green and the breast feathers are dark brown glossed with green. The remaining underparts are whitish. Downy young are pale buff with a dark brown mark on the nape that connects with the eyes. Young males look like the females but the wings are chestnut coloured.
The most common calls are a loud pia-ow or may-awe. The frequency of calling increases before the Monsoon season and may be delivered in alarm or when disturbed by loud noises. In forests, their calls often indicate the presence of a predators such as the tiger. They also make many other calls such as a rapid series of ka-aan..ka-aan or a rapid kok-kok. They often emit an explosive low-pitched honk! when agitated.
Mutations and hybrids
This leucistic mutation is commonly mistaken for an albino.
There are several colour mutations of Indian peafowl. These very rarely occur in the wild, but selective breeding has made them common in captivity. The black-shouldered or Japanned mutation was initially considered as a subspecies of the Indian peafowl (P. c. nigripennis) (or even a separate species (P. nigripennis)) and was a topic of some interest during Darwin's time. Others had doubts about its taxonomic status, but the English naturalist and biologist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) presented firm evidence for it being a variety under domestication, which treatment is now well established and accepted. It being a colour variation rather than a wild species was important for Darwin to prove, as otherwise it could undermine his theory of slow modification by natural selection in the wild. It is, however, only a case of genetic variation within the population. In this mutation, the adult male is melanistic with black wings. Young birds with the nigripennis mutation are creamy white with fulvous-tipped wings. The gene produces melanism in the male and in the peahen it produces a dilution of colour with creamy white and brown markings. Other forms include the pied and white mutations, all of which are the result of allelic variation at specific loci.
Crosses between a male green peafowl (Pavo muticus) and a female Indian peafowl (P. cristatus) produce a stable hybrid called a "Spalding", named after Mrs. Keith Spalding, a bird fancier in California. There can be problems if birds of unknown pedigree are released into the wild, as the viability of such hybrids and their offspring is often reduced (see Haldane's rule and outbreeding depression).
Distribution and habitat
The Indian peafowl is a resident breeder across the Indian subcontinent and inhabits the drier lowland areas of Sri Lanka. In the Indian subcontinent, it is found mainly below an elevation of 1,800 m (5,900 ft) and in rare cases seen at about 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It is found in moist and dry-deciduous forests, but can adapt to live in cultivated regions and around human habitations and is usually found where water is available. In many parts of northern India, they are protected by religious practices and will forage around villages and towns for scraps. Some have suggested that the peacock was introduced into Europe by Alexander the Great, while others say the bird had reached Athens by 450 BCE and may have been introduced even earlier. It has since been introduced in many other parts of the world and has become feral in some areas.
The Indian peafowl has been introduced to the United States, the United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, France, Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, South Africa, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Italy, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Croatia and the island of Lokrum.
Genome sequencing
The first whole-genome sequencing of Indian peafowl identified a total of 15,970 protein-coding sequences, along with 213 tRNAs, 236 snoRNAs, and 540 miRNAs. The peacock genome was found to have less repetitive DNA (8.62%) than that of the chicken genome (9.45%). PSMC analysis suggested that the peacock suffered at least two bottlenecks (around four million years ago and again 450,000 years ago), which resulted in a severe reduction in its effective population size.
Behaviour and ecology
Peafowl are best known for the male's extravagant display feathers which, despite actually growing from their back, are thought of as a tail. The "train" is in reality made up of the enormously elongated upper tail coverts. The tail itself is brown and short as in the peahen. The colours result not from any green or blue pigments but from the micro-structure of the feathers and the resulting optical phenomena. The long train feathers (and tarsal spurs) of the male develop only after the second year of life. Fully developed trains are found in birds older than four years. In northern India, these begin to develop each February and are moulted at the end of August. The moult of the flight feathers may be spread out across the year.
Peafowl forage on the ground in small groups, known as musters, that usually have a cock and 3 to 5 hens. After the breeding season, the flocks tend to be made up only of females and young. They are found in the open early in the mornings and tend to stay in cover during the heat of the day. They are fond of dust-bathing and at dusk, groups walk in single file to a favourite waterhole to drink. When disturbed, they usually escape by running and rarely take to flight.
Peafowl produce loud calls especially in the breeding season. They may call at night when alarmed and neighbouring birds may call in a relay like series. Nearly seven different call variants have been identified in the peacocks apart from six alarm calls that are commonly produced by both sexes.
Peafowl roost in groups during the night on tall trees but may sometimes make use of rocks, buildings or pylons. In the Gir forest, they chose tall trees in steep river banks. Birds arrive at dusk and call frequently before taking their position on the roost trees. Due to this habit of congregating at the roost, many population studies are made at these sites. The population structure is not well understood. In a study in northern India (Jodhpur), the number of males was 170–210 for 100 females but a study involving evening counts at the roost site in southern India (Injar) suggested a ratio of 47 males for 100 females.
Sexual selection
The colours of the peacock and the contrast with the much duller peahen were a puzzle to early thinkers. Charles Darwin wrote to Asa Gray that the "sight of a feather in a peacock's tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick!" as he failed to see an adaptive advantage for the extravagant tail which seemed only to be an encumbrance. Darwin developed a second principle of sexual selection to resolve the problem, though in the prevailing intellectual trends of Victorian Britain, the theory failed to gain widespread attention.
The American artist Abbott Handerson Thayer tried to show, from his own imagination, the value of the eyespots as disruptive camouflage in a 1907 painting. He used the painting in his 1909 book Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, denying the possibility of sexual selection and arguing that essentially all forms of animal colouration had evolved as camouflage. He was roundly criticised in a lengthy paper by Theodore Roosevelt, who wrote that Thayer had only managed to paint the peacock's plumage as camouflage by sleight of hand, "with the blue sky showing through the leaves in just sufficient quantity here and there to warrant the author-artists explaining that the wonderful blue hues of the peacock's neck are obliterative because they make it fade into the sky."
In the 1970s a possible resolution to the apparent contradiction between natural selection and sexual selection was proposed. Amotz Zahavi argued that peacocks honestly signalled the handicap of having a large and costly train. However, the mechanism may be less straightforward than it seems – the cost could arise from depression of the immune system by the hormones that enhance feather development.
Male courting female
The ornate train is believed to be the result of sexual selection by the females. Males use their ornate trains in a courtship display: they raise the feathers into a fan and quiver them. However, recent studies have failed to find a relation between the number of displayed eyespots and mating success. Marion Petrie tested whether or not these displays signaled a male's genetic quality by studying a feral population of peafowl in Whipsnade Wildlife Park in southern England. She showed that the number of eyespots in the train predicted a male's mating success, and this success could be manipulated by cutting the eyespots off some of the male's ornate feathers.
Although the removal of eyespots makes males less successful in mating, eyespot removal substantially changes the appearance of male peafowls. It is likely that females mistake these males for sub-adults, or perceive that the males are physically damaged. Moreover, in a feral peafowl population, there is little variation in the number of eyespots in adult males. It is rare for adult males to lose a significant number of eyespots. Therefore, females' selection might depend on other sexual traits of males' trains. The quality of train is an honest signal of the condition of males; peahens do select males on the basis of their plumage. A recent study on a natural population of Indian peafowls in the Shivalik area of India has proposed a "high maintenance handicap" theory. It states that only the fittest males can afford the time and energy to maintain a long tail. Therefore, the long train is an indicator of good body condition, which results in greater mating success. While train length seems to correlate positively with MHC diversity in males, females do not appear to use train length to choose males. A study in Japan also suggests that peahens do not choose peacocks based on their ornamental plumage, including train length, number of eyespots and train symmetry. Another study in France brings up two possible explanations for the conflicting results that exist. The first explanation is that there might be a genetic variation of the trait of interest under different geographical areas due to a founder effect and/or a genetic drift. The second explanation suggests that "the cost of trait expression may vary with environmental conditions," so that a trait that is indicative of a particular quality may not work in another environment.
Fisher's runaway model proposes positive feedback between female preference for elaborate trains and the elaborate train itself. This model assumes that the male train is a relatively recent evolutionary adaptation. However, a molecular phylogeny study on peacock-pheasants shows the opposite; the most recently evolved species is actually the least ornamented one. This finding suggests a chase-away sexual selection, in which "females evolve resistance to male ploys". A study in Japan goes on to conclude that the "peacocks' train is an obsolete signal for which female preference has already been lost or weakened".
However, some disagreement has arisen in recent years concerning whether or not female peafowl do indeed select males with more ornamented trains. In contrast to Petrie's findings, a seven-year Japanese study of free-ranging peafowl came to the conclusion that female peafowl do not select mates solely on the basis of their trains. Mariko Takahashi found no evidence that peahens expressed any preference for peacocks with more elaborate trains (such as trains having more ocelli), a more symmetrical arrangement, or a greater length. Takahashi determined that the peacock's train was not the universal target of female mate choice, showed little variance across male populations, and, based on physiological data collected from this group of peafowl, do not correlate to male physical conditions. Adeline Loyau and her colleagues responded to Takahashi's study by voicing concern that alternative explanations for these results had been overlooked, and that these might be essential for the understanding of the complexity of mate choice. They concluded that female choice might indeed vary in different ecological conditions.
A 2013 study that tracked the eye movements of peahens responding to male displays found that they looked in the direction of the upper train of feathers only when at long distances and that they looked only at the lower feathers when males displayed close to them. The rattling of the tail and the shaking of the wings helped in keeping the attention of females.
Breeding
Peacocks are polygamous, and the breeding season is spread out but appears to be dependent on the rains. Peafowls usually reach sexual maturity at the age of 2 to 3 years old. Several males may congregate at a lek site and these males are often closely related. Males at leks appear to maintain small territories next to each other and they allow females to visit them and make no attempt to guard harems. Females do not appear to favour specific males. The males display in courtship by raising the upper-tail coverts into an arched fan. The wings are held half open and drooped and it periodically vibrates the long feathers, producing a ruffling sound. The cock faces the hen initially and struts and prances around and sometimes turns around to display the tail. Males may also freeze over food to invite a female in a form of courtship feeding. Males may display even in the absence of females. When a male is displaying, females do not appear to show any interest and usually continue their foraging.
The peak season in southern India is April to May, January to March in Sri Lanka and June in northern India. The nest is a shallow scrape in the ground lined with leaves, sticks and other debris. Nests are sometimes placed on buildings and, in earlier times, have been recorded using the disused nest platforms of the white-rumped vultures. The clutch consists of 4–8 fawn to buff white eggs which are incubated only by the female. The eggs take about 28 days to hatch. The chicks are nidifugous and follow the mother around after hatching. Downy young may sometimes climb on their mothers' back and the female may carry them in flight to a safe tree branch. An unusual instance of a male incubating a clutch of eggs has been reported.
Feeding
Peafowl are omnivorous and eat seeds, insects (including termites), worms, fruits, small mammals, frogs, and reptiles (such as lizards). They feed on small snakes but keep their distance from larger ones. In the Gir forest of Gujarat, a large percentage of their food is made up of the fallen berries of Zizyphus. They also feed on tree and flower buds, petals, grain, and grass and bamboo shoots. Around cultivated areas, peafowl feed on a wide range of crops such as groundnut, tomato, paddy, chili and even bananas. Around human habitations, they feed on a variety of food scraps and even human excreta. In the countryside, it is particularly partial to crops and garden plants.
Mortality factors
Large animals such as leopards, dholes, golden jackals, and tigers can ambush adult peafowls. However, only leopards regularly prey upon peafowls as adult peafowls are difficult to catch since they can usually escape ground predators by flying into trees. They are also sometimes hunted by large birds of prey such as the changeable hawk-eagle and rock eagle-owl. Chicks are somewhat more prone to predation than adult birds. Adults living near human habitations are sometimes hunted by domestic dogs or by humans in some areas (southern Tamil Nadu) for folk remedies involving the use of "peacock oil".
Foraging in groups provides some safety as there are more eyes to look out for predators. They also roost on high tree tops to avoid terrestrial predators, especially leopards.
In captivity, birds have been known to live for 23 years but it is estimated that they live for only about 15 years in the wild.
Conservation and status
Indian peafowl are widely distributed in the wild across South Asia and protected both culturally in many areas and by law in India. Conservative estimates of the population put them at more than 100,000. Illegal poaching for meat, however, continues and declines have been noted in parts of India. Peafowl breed readily in captivity and as free-ranging ornamental fowl. Zoos, parks, bird-fanciers and dealers across the world maintain breeding populations that do not need to be augmented by the capture of wild birds.
Poaching of peacocks for their meat and feathers and accidental poisoning by feeding on pesticide treated seeds are known threats to wild birds. Methods to identify if feathers have been plucked or have been shed naturally have been developed, as Indian law allows only the collection of feathers that have been shed.
In parts of India, the birds can be a nuisance to agriculture as they damage crops. Its adverse effects on crops, however, seem to be offset by the beneficial role it plays by consuming prodigious quantities of pests such as grasshoppers. They can also be a problem in gardens and homes where they damage plants, attack their reflections (thereby breaking glass and mirrors), perch and scratch cars or leave their droppings. Many cities where they have been introduced and gone feral have peafowl management programmes. These include educating citizens on how to prevent the birds from causing damage while treating the birds humanely.
In culture
Prominent in many cultures, the peacock has been used in numerous iconic representations, including being designated the national bird of India in 1963. The peacock, known as mayura in Sanskrit, has enjoyed a fabled place in India since and is frequently depicted in temple art, mythology, poetry, folk music and traditions. A Sanskrit derivation of mayura is from the root mi for kill and said to mean "killer of snakes". It is also likely that the Sanskrit term is a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *mayVr (whence the Tamil word for peacock மயில் (mayil)) or a regional Wanderwort. Many Hindu deities are associated with the bird, Krishna is often depicted with a feather in his headband, while worshippers of Shiva associate the bird as the steed of the God of war, Kartikeya (also known as Skanda or Murugan). A story in the Uttara Ramayana describes the head of the Devas, Indra, who unable to defeat Ravana, sheltered under the wing of peacock and later blessed it with a "thousand eyes" and fearlessness from serpents. Another story has Indra who after being cursed with a thousand ulcers was transformed into a peacock with a thousand eyes and this curse was removed by Vishnu.
In Buddhist philosophy, the peacock represents wisdom. Peacock feathers are used in many rituals and ornamentation. Peacock motifs are widespread in Indian temple architecture, old coinage, textiles and continue to be used in many modern items of art and utility. A folk belief found in many parts of India is that the peacock does not copulate with the peahen but that she is impregnated by other means. The stories vary and include the idea that the peacock looks at its ugly feet and cries whereupon the tears are fed on by the peahen causing it to be orally impregnated while other variants incorporate sperm transfer from beak to beak. Similar ideas have also been ascribed to Indian crow species. In Greek mythology the origin of the peacock's plumage is explained in the tale of Hera and Argus. The main figure of the Yazidi religion Yezidism, Melek Taus, is most commonly depicted as a peacock. Peacock motifs are widely used even today such as in the logos of the US NBC and the PTV television networks and the Sri Lankan Airlines.
These birds were often kept in menageries and as ornaments in large gardens and estates. In medieval times, knights in Europe took a "Vow of the Peacock" and decorated their helmets with its plumes. In several Robin Hood stories, the titular archer uses arrows fletched with peacock feathers. Feathers were buried with Viking warriors and the flesh of the bird was said to cure snake venom and many other maladies. Numerous uses in Ayurveda have been documented. Peafowl were said to keep an area free of snakes. In 1526, the legal issue as to whether peacocks were wild or domestic fowl was thought sufficiently important for Cardinal Wolsey to summon all the English judges to give their opinion, which was that they are domestic fowl.
In Anglo-Indian usage of the 1850s, to peacock meant making visits to ladies and gentlemen in the morning. In the 1890s, the term "peacocking" in Australia referred to the practice of buying up the best pieces of land ("picking the eyes") so as to render the surrounding lands valueless. The English word "peacock" has come to be used to describe a man who is very proud or gives a lot of attention to his clothing.
Main article: Di Goldene Pave
A golden peacock (in Yiddish, Di Goldene Pave) is considered by some as a symbol of Ashkenazi Jewish culture, and is the subject of several folktales and songs in Yiddish. Peacocks are frequently used in European heraldry. Heraldic peacocks are most often depicted as facing the viewer and with their tails displayed. In this pose, the peacock is referred to as being "in his pride". Peacock tails, in isolation from the rest of the bird, are rare in British heraldry, but see frequent use in German systems.
The American television network NBC uses a stylized peacock as a legacy of its early introduction of color television, alluding to the brilliant color of a peacock, and continues to promote the bird as a trademark of its broadcasting and streaming services.
Capable of receiving today’s largest container ships, carrying up to 8,500 TEU, Congo Terminal (Port of Pointe-Noire) provides access to the Congo Basin’s 100 million inhabitants. It is also an ideal transhipment hub on the West African coast.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Bell AH-1 SuperCobra is a twin-engined attack helicopter that was developed on behalf of, and primarily operated by, the United States Marine Corps (USMC). The twin Cobra family, itself part of the larger Huey family, includes the AH-1J SeaCobra, the AH-1T Improved SeaCobra, and the AH-1W SuperCobra. The Super Cobra was derived from the single-engine AH-1 Cobra, which had been developed during the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army. The USMC had quickly taken an interest in the type but sought a twin-engine arrangement for greater operational safety at sea, along with more capable armaments. While initially opposed by the Department of Defense, who were keen to promote commonality across the services, in May 1968, an order for an initial 49 twin-engine AH-1J SeaCobras was issued to Bell. The type entered service during the final months of the US's involvement in the Vietnam War, seeing limited action in the theatre as a result.
The USMC promptly sought greater payload capacity than that provided by the original Sea Cobra; thus the AH-1T, equipped with the dynamic systems of the Model 309 and a lengthened fuselage, was produced by Bell during the 1970s. In the following decade, in response to the denial of funding to procure the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, the USMC opted to procure a more capable variant of the AH-1T; equipped with revised fire control systems compatible with new munitions, such as the AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missile, the new model, designated AH-1W, commenced delivery in 1986.
In the early 1980s, the Marine Corps sought a new navalized helicopter. Accordingly, it evaluated the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter as first choice over a two-week period in September 1981, which included shipboard operation tests. Furthermore, various concepts were studied at this time. However, the service's request for funding to purchase the AH-64 was denied by Congress that same year. As an alternative option, the Marines procured a more powerful version of the AH-1T. Other changes included modified fire control systems to carry and fire AIM-9 Sidewinder and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles. The new version, which was funded by Congress, received the AH-1W designation. During March 1986, deliveries of the AH-1W SuperCobra commenced, eventually totaling 179 new-built helicopters along with the upgrading of 43 existing AH-1Ts.
This development also fell into the period when Great Britain was looking for a potential attack helicopter for the British Army, and Western Germany was - together with France - about to mutually develop a new attack helicopter that would in Germany replace the PAH-1, the light Bo 105 helicopter armed with six HOT anti-tank missiles. In 1984, the French and West German governments had issued a requirement for an advanced antitank helicopter, with one variant desired by the French dedicated to the escort and antihelicopter role. As originally planned, both countries would procure a total of 427 helicopters called “Tiger”. The West Germans planned on acquiring 212 models of the anti-tank variant named PAH-2 (Panzerabwehrhubschrauber or "Anti-tank helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1992. The French wanted 75 HAPs (Hélicoptère d'Appui Protection or "Support and Escort Helicopter") and 140 HACs (Hélicoptère Anti Char or "Anti-Tank Helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1991 and 1995, respectively. In the meantime, the USA also offered both the AH-1 as well as the more modern AH-64 as alternatives.
Development of the Tiger started during the Cold War, and it was initially intended as a pure anti-tank helicopter platform to be used against a Soviet ground invasion of Western Europe. A joint venture, consisting of Aérospatiale and MBB, was subsequently chosen as the preferred supplier, but in 1986 the development program was already canceled again due to spiraling costs: it had been officially calculated that supplying the German forces with an equivalent number of US-produced McDonnell Douglas AH-64 Apache attack helicopters would have been a considerably cheaper alternative to proceeding with the Tiger’s development, which became a more and more complex project because the helicopter would have to be able to fulfill more roles, and the duty profiles of Germany and France became significantly different. According to statements by the French Defence Minister André Giraud in April 1986, the collaborative effort had become more expensive than an individual national program and was also forecast to take longer to complete.
This opened the door for American proposals even wider, and beyond the state-of-the-art AH-64 Bell proposed a further upgraded two-engine AH-1W. Bell had been working as a private initiative with both the AH-1T+ demonstrator and the AH-1W prototype, and developed a new experimental hingeless rotor system with four composite blades, designed to withstand up to 23 mm rounds and thus greatly improving battlefield survivability. This new main rotor was manually foldable, reduced vibrations and allowed the engine power to be increased, thus greatly improving the SuperCobra’s performance and load capabilities. The twin engine’s power had until then been restricted, but in the AH-1-4BW the power was liberated to full 1,800 shp (1,342 kW), with a reinforced gearbox that could even cope with 2.400 shp. Top speed climbed by 23 mph/37 km/h, rate of climb improved, and the load capability was raised by 1.000 lb (450 kg). The AH-1-4BW was now able to fly a full looping, something the AH-1 had not been able to do before. However, empty weight of this demonstrator helicopter climbed to 12,189 lb (5,534 kg) and the maximum TOW to 18,492 lb (8.391 kg).
Other changes included a different position for the stabilizers further aft, closer to the tail rotor, which furthermore received small end plates to improve directional stability. The modified AH-1W prototype was aptly re-designated “AH-1-4BW” (4BW standing for “4-blade whiskey”), and there were plans to upgrade the type even further with a fully digitalized cockpit to meet contemporary requirements, e.g. for the British Army.
The West-German Bundesluftwaffe’s interest in the “outdated” AH-1 was initially only lukewarm, but when Bell offered to lend the AH-1-4BW prototype for evaluations and as a development mule for the eventual integration of the European HOT missile and indigenous sensors and avionics, a mutual agreement was signed in late 1987 to have the AH-1-4BW tested by the Luftwaffe in the environment where the type would be operated.
The AH-1-4BW prototype (s/n 166 022) was delivered to Manching in Southern Germany in summer 1988 on board of a C-5 Galaxy. It was operated by the Luftwaffe’s Wehrtechnische Dienststelle (WTD, Technical and Airworthiness Center for Aircraft) 61 for two years and successfully made several tests. This program was divided into three “Phases”. “Phase I” included focused on flight characteristics, tactical operations, and mock air-to-air combat against Luftwaffe CH-53s which acted as Mi-24 aggressors. Upon program start the AH-1-4BW received German markings, the registration 98+11, and a new, subdued paint scheme in Luftwaffe colors instead of the original USMC scheme in an overall medium green.
In “Phase I” the AH-1-4BW retained its American weapon systems, as the flight testing did not involve weapon deployment or integration. Instead, dummies or target designators were carried. After these initial tests that lasted almost a year Bell agreed to let the WTD 61 modify the AH-1-4BW further with European avionics to deploy the HOT 3 anti-tank missile, which would be the helicopter’s primal weapon in the German Heeresflieger’s service, since Germany did at that time neither use the similar American TOW nor the more sophisticated AGM-114 Hellfire, even though the German PARS 3 LR missile (also known as TRIGAT-LR: Third Generation AntiTank, Long Range) was already under development since 1988. This upgrade and test program section received the designation “Phase II”. Outwardly, the newly modified AH-1 was recognizable through a different sensor turret in the nose and a modified HOT missile sight for the gunner in the front seat.
In late 1989 the helicopter underwent another modification by WTD 61, which was to test equipment already intended for the PAH-2. Under the trials’ final “Phase III” the AH-1-4BW received a globular fairing on a mast on top of the main rotor, to test the tactical value of observing, identifying, and selecting targets while the helicopter would remain in cover. This sensor mast combined a panoramic IR camera with a targeting sight for anti-tank missiles and the gun turret, and it functionally replaced the standard chin sensor turret (which was brought back to AH-1W standard). Another novel feature was a streamlined, sugar scope-shaped exhaust diffusor with two chambers which guided hot gases upwards into the main rotor’s downwash, as an alternative to the original diffusors which only mixed cold ambient air with the hot efflux. It turned out to be very effective and was subsequently adapted for the Tiger. Other changes included a new hingeless three-blade tail rotor that was supposed to reduce operational noise and frequency issues with the new 4-blade main rotor, and the endplate stabilizers were enlarged to compensate for the huge “eyeball” on top of the main rotor which significantly changed the AH-1’s flight characteristics, especially at high speed.
Further tests of the Phase III SuperCobra lasted until summer 1990 and provided both Bell as well as the Luftwaffe with valuable benchmark data for further weapon system developments. When the lease contract ended in 1991, the AH-1-4BW was sent back to the United States. In the meantime, though, the political situation had changed dramatically. The USSR had ceased to exist, so that the Cold War threat especially in Europe had ended almost overnight after the Aérospatiale/MBB joint venture, now officially called Eurocopter, had signed an agreement in 1989 which financially secured the majority of the Tiger’s pending development through to serial production, including arrangements for two assembly lines to be built at Aerospatiale's Marignane plant and MBB's Donauwörth facility. This eventually saved the Tiger and in 1991 it had become clear that no American attack helicopter would be bought by either Germany or France. Great Britain as another potential European customer also declined the AH-1 and eventually procured the more modern AH-64 in the form of the license-built AgustaWestland Apache.
In 1992, the Eurocopter Group was officially established, and the Tiger moved closer to the hardware stage; this led to considerable consolidation of the aerospace industry and the Tiger project itself. A major agreement was struck in December 1996 between France and Germany that cemented the Tiger's prospects and committed the development of supporting elements, such as a series of new generation missile designs for use by the new helicopter. National political issues continued to affect the prospects of the Tiger, however. A proposed sale of up to 145 Tigers to Turkey proved a source of controversy; Turkey selected the Tiger as the preferred option, but conflicting attitudes between Eurocopter, France and Germany regarding military exports led to Turkey withdrawing its interest. Eventually, Turkey procured AH-1s and started an indigenous attack helicopter program.
However, the AH-1-4BW’s development and its vigorous testing in Germany were not in vain: Lacking a USMC contract, Bell developed this new design into the AH-1Z with its own funds during the 1990s and 2000s. By 1996, the Marines were again prevented from ordering the AH-64: developing a marine version of the Apache would have been expensive and it was likely that the Marine Corps would be its only customer. Instead, the service signed a contract for the upgrading of AH-1Ws into AH-1Zs, which incorporated many elements from the AH-1-4BW.
General characteristics:
Crew: Two (pilot, co-pilot/gunner)
Length: 58 ft 0 in (17.68 m) overall
45 ft 7 in (14 m) for fuselage only
Width: 10 ft 9 in (3.28 m) for stub wings only
Height: 13 ft 9 in (4.19 m)
13 ft 9 in (4.19 m) incl. Phase III sensor mast
Main rotor diameter: 42 ft 8 in (13.00 m)
Airfoil: blade root: DFVLR DM-H3; blade tip: DFVLR DM-H4
Main rotor area: 1,428.9 sq ft (132.75 m2)
Empty weight: 12,189 lb (5,534 kg)
Max. take-off weight: 18,492 lb (8.391 kg)
Powerplant:
2× General Electric T700-401 turboshaft engine, with 1,800 shp (1,342 kW)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Never exceed speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Range: 317 nmi (365 mi, 587 km)
Service ceiling: 12,200 ft (3,700 m)
Rate of climb: 1,620 ft/min (8.2 m/s)
Armament:
1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M197 3-barreled Gatling cannon
in the A/A49E-7 chin turret (750 rounds ammo capacity)
4× hardpoints under the stub wings for a wide range of weapons, including…
- 20 mm (0.787 in) autocannon pods
- Twenty-two round pods with 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided rockets,
- Nineteen or seven round pods with 2.75” (70 mm) Hydra 70 or APKWS II rockets,
- 5” (127 mm) Zuni rockets – 8 rockets in two 4-round LAU-10D/A launchers
- Up to 8 TOW missiles in two 4-round XM65 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoints, or
up to 8 HOT3
up to 8 AGM-114 Hellfire missiles in 4-round M272 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoint,
- Up to 2 AIM-9 Sidewinder anti-aircraft missiles, launch rails above each outboard hardpoint or
up to 2 Air-to-Air Stinger (ATAS) air-to-air missiles in single launch tubes
The kit and its assembly:
This what-if model was inspired by the real attempts of Bell to sell a twin-engine Cobra variant to Germany as a replacement for the light PAH-1/Bo 105 helicopter, while plans were made to build an indigenous successor together with France which eventually became the PAH-2/Tiger. These proposals fell well into the time frame of the (also) real AH-14BW project, and I imagined that this specific helicopter had been lent to the Luftwaffe for evaluation?
The basis is the Italeri 1:72 AH-1W kit, a solid basis which requires some work, though. And because I had the remains of a French Tigre at hand (which gave its cockpit for my recent JASDF A-2 build) I decided to use some of the leftover parts for something that borders a kitbashing. This includes the 4-blade main and 3-blade tail rotor, and I integrated the Tiger’s scoop-shaped exhaust diffusor behind the main rotor – a tricky task that require a lot of PSR, but the result looks very natural, if not elegant? The Tiger’s end plate stabilizers were used, too, mounted to the AH-1’s trim stabilizers that were mounted further back, as on the real AH-1-4BW.
To change the look even further I decided to add a sensor pod on top of the main rotor, and this required a totally new mechanical solution to hold the latter. Eventually I integrated a sleeve for a fixed metal axis which also holds the sensor ball (from a MisterCraft Westland Lynx – a bit oversized, but suitable for a prototype), and the PAH-2 rotor received an arrangement of levers that hold it in place and still allow it to spin.
The ordnance was also taken from the Italeri Tigre, with HOT quadruple launchers for the outer weapon stations, the inner hardpoints were left empty and I also did not mount the American chaff/flare dispensers on top of the stub wings.
Painting and markings:
The Luftwaffe did a LOT of interesting camouflage experiments in the early Eighties, adopting several standardized schemes for aircraft, but the Heeresflieger were less enthusiastic and retained the overall Gelboliv (RAL 6014) scheme before a three-color camouflage, consisting of two green tones and a dirty black was gradually introduced – even though apparently not in a uniform fashion, because there were variations for the darker shade of green (retaining RAL 6014 or using FS 34079, as on the Luftwaffe Norm ’83 scheme that was applied to Tornado IDSs, RF-4Es, some Starfighters and to the Transall fleet).
My fictional AH-1-4BW would fall into that transitional phase and I decided to give the helicopter an experimental scheme, which was used/tested on early Tornado IDS, consisting of RAL 7021 (Teerschwarz), RAL 7012 (Basaltgrau) and RAL 6014 (Gelboliv) – on aircraft with undersides in RAL 7000 (Silbergrau), but on a helicopter rather as a wraparound scheme. However, inspired by Luftwaffe F-4Fs with a modified Norm ‘72 splinter scheme that added a simple light grey fin to break up the aircrafts’ profile in a side view, I used RAL 7030 (Steingrau) on the tail tip to achieve the same effect, and the light grey was also used, together with Basaltgrau und Gelboliv mottles on the sensor ball – looks a bit like WWII Luftwaffe style, but appeared plausible for the system’s tactical use from behind some ground cover. The cockpit interior became very dark grey, just like the rotor blades, which were adorned with orange warning markings at the tips – seen on some Luftwaffe helicopters instead of classic yellow or red-white-red bands.
The decals were puzzled together from various sources. National markings came from generic Luftwaffe sheets from TL Modellbau, the light blue WTD 61 emblems behind the cockpit were taken from a Peddinghaus decal sheet with early Luftwaffe unit markings. The dayglo panels were created with generic decal material (TL Modellbau, too) and stencils came mostly from a Fujimi AH-1 sheet, procuring German or even multi-language material appeared too tedious and costly.
The photo calibration markings on nose and fins were improvised from black and white decal sheet material, punched out, cut into quarters, and then applied as circles. Adds an experimental touch to the Cobra!
The kit received a light black ink washing and some post-panel-shading, esp. to brighten up the grey and increase the contrast between the camouflage tones, which appeared even more murky after the dayglow stripes had been added. Finally, the Cobra received an overall coat wit matt acrylic varnish, position lights were added/painted, and the sensor ball received sights made from yellow chrome PET foil, simply punched out and fixed into place with some Humbrol Clearfix.
This one took a while to materialize and was more work than one might expect at first glance. But it looks quite cool, esp. the PAH-2/Tiger’s exhaust fairing fits very well into the Cobra’s lines and adds an elegant touch to the helicopter. The “Eye ball” is a bit large, yes, but IMHO acceptable for a prototype or test vehicle. And the livery certainly conveys a German touch.
The Bremen-built Norrona is capable of carrying 1482 passengers and 634 cars.
During the summer months of 2007 and 2008 it sailed to Scrabster from Bergen once a week. It then headed north to Torshavn in the Faroes and on to Seyisfjrur in Iceland before returning to the Faroes and then back to Bergen.
In November 2008 the Faroese government had to step in to save Smyril from bankruptcy with the injection of £3.1m.
Now the Norrona is used for a year-round service from the Faroes to Denmark, calling in Iceland between spring and autumn only.
Gross Tonnage: 35966
Deadweight: 6113 t
Length Overall x Breadth Extreme: 164.56m × 33.5m
Year Built: 2003
IMO: 9227390
MMSI: 231200000
Call Sign: OZ2040
Flag: Faroe Is [FO]
AIS Vessel Type: Passenger
Capable of high speed flight, the RX-115 is the latest in the growing speeder market.
This is what happens when I try to build a construction mech :P
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Douglas A-4 Skyhawk was a single seat subsonic carrier-capable attack aircraft developed for the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps in the early 1950s. The delta winged, single turbojet engine Skyhawk was designed and produced by Douglas Aircraft Company, and later by McDonnell Douglas. It was originally designated A4D under the U.S. Navy's pre-1962 designation system. The Skyhawk was a relatively lightweight aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of 24,500 pounds (11,100 kg) in its late versions and had a top speed of more than 670 miles per hour (1,080 km/h). Late versions were capable of carrying a bomb load equivalent to that of a World War II-era Boeing B-17 bomber and the aircraft supported a variety of missiles, bombs, and other munitions, including nuclear stores. The type saw an intensive career with the US Navy and the US Marine Corps during the Vietnam War era and was furthermore exported and operated by a wide range of countries all over the world, serving well into the 21st century.
One of the Skyhawk’s minor operators was Spain, specifically the Spanish Navy (Armada). Like the rest of the Spanish armed forces, the Spanish Navy had maintained Franco's policy of neutrality during World War II. Since the mid-20th century the Spanish Navy began a process of reorganization to become once again one of the major navies of the world. This not only included ships and submarines, but also an aerial warfare branch for coastal defense and to support the Infantería de Marina, the Spanish Navy Marines Corps. After the development of the Baleares-class frigates based on the US Navy's Knox class the Spanish Navy embraced the American naval doctrine and started to look for a light modern fighter bomber to equip a land-based attack squadron, with the prospect to eventually obtain an aircraft carrier and use the aircraft from it.
The choice fell in 1960 on the Douglas A-4, which offered a modern, compact and simple airframe with the desired option to operate the aircraft from older, smaller World War II-era aircraft carriers. These were still used by many smaller navies during the 1960s, and the Spanish Navy envisioned the procurement of one of more of these ships as operational basis for the new jet fighter force. These older ships were often unable to accommodate newer Navy fighters such as the F-4 Phantom II and F-8 Crusader, which were faster and more capable than the A-4, but significantly larger, heavier, complex and also costly than older naval fighters.
The Spanish Navy ordered a total of eighteen new Skyhawks from the USA, fourteen single-seaters and four trainers, locally called SA-4. The Armada’s Skyhawk attack variant was based on the A4D-2 (re-designated A-4B after 1962) but had, compared with the original US Navy aircraft, improved flight control systems and navigation, including an AN/APN-141 radar altimeter and a state-of-the-art AN/ASN-19A navigation computer. The trainers were equivalent with the US Navy's contemporary TA-4J variant.
Unlike the original A-4Bs, which lacked a radar and were therefore only suited for daytime operations, the Armada’s SA-4Bs were outfitted with a compact Dassault-built Aida radar unit within the aircraft's more pointed nose, giving them a unique profile among the Skyhawk family. Like the USN A-4Bs, the Spanish machines all had air-to-air refueling capabilities in the form of a fixed refueling probe, even though it was a cranked variant (intruduced on Amercian machines with the contemporary A-4F) to avoid interferences with the Aida radar. The SA-4Bs furthermore had the ability to carry a center-mounted "buddy store", a large external fuel tank with a hose reel in the aft section and an extensible drogue refueling bucket.
Alongside the Aida radar unit, a Swedish-made SAAB bombing computer was added to increase bombing accuracy. Specific to these machines were a TACAN receiver and a braking parachute under the tail for land operations. Internal armament remained the original pair of American 20 mm (0.79 in) Colt Mk 12 cannon with 200 RPG in the wing roots. For the Spanish Navy the SA-4Bs were outfitted with two additional underwing hardpoints and avionics for AIM-9B Sidewinder AAMs, so that they could carry a broader range of ground attack ordnance and operate in a limited aerial defense role, too. The SA-4Bs also had provision for radio-guided AGM-12 Bullpup missiles, which were the Skyhawks’ primary anti-ship weapon at the time. The missile avionics were housed in a shallow dorsal hump while a guidance antenna was mounted in a small bulge in ahead of the front landing gear well, so that the machine did not have to carry a respective external pod that would block a hardpoint.
The Skyhawk’s service in Spain was not long, though. In 1967, the mothballed US American light WWII aircraft carrier USS Cabot was loaned to Spain, becoming Dédalo, and the loan was eventually converted to a sale in 1972. By that time, the SA-4Bs – originally painted all-over dark blue – had been re-painted in a US Navy-style high-visibility scheme in Light Gull Grey over Whit and were operating from land bases only, allocated to 7th Squadron at Rota Naval Base near Cádiz in Andalusia The original plan to operate the SA-4Bs from Dédalo came to nought because the ship turned out to be too small to carry and deploy the Skyhawks properly, and the ship’s wooden deck would not withstand the stress from the modern jets’ frequent aircraft starts and landings. A new all-metal deck was not possible, due to budget and weight issues. In consequence the Armada’s SA-4s remained land-based and the Spanish Navy employed Dédalo as a helicopter-only antisubmarine warfare carrier with the SH-3D Sea King.
Attempts to add a fixed-wing strikeforce to the venerable carrier were made, though: On 8 November 1972 a Hawker Siddeley Harrier was successfully tested on the Dédalo’s deck, a first in the history of the plane. It was decided to order and deploy short-take-off-and-vertical-landing (STOVL) AV-8S Matadors (AV-8A Harrier) when Dédalo was overhauled. Since the Harriers' downdraft on vertical landing would have damaged the wooden deck, protective metal sheathing was installed on the rear area of the flight deck – a very convenient compromise.
Spain's purchase of Harriers was complicated by long-standing political friction between the British and Spanish governments of the era, though, and even though the Harriers were manufactured in the UK they were sold to Spain only with the US acting as an intermediary. The lengthy negotiation process was bridged by the SA-4s as well as a batch of AH-1G Cobra attack helicopters.
The first batch of six AV-8S single seat and two TAV-8S two seat aircraft were delivered to the Armada Española throughout 1976 and started carrier operations. Due to budget limitations and to simplify maintenance and logistics, the Spanish navy decided in 1977 to phase the Skyhawks out in favor of the more versatile Harrier, which could provide both air defense and strike capabilities for the Spanish fleet. A second batch of five AV-8S aircraft, now directly procured from UK mainly to replace losses, was delivered in 1980-. With this delivery the Spanish Skyhawks were retired and sold to Singapore, to be converted and upgraded by Douglas into A-4S-1s and later into A-4SU ‘Super Skyhawks’. With its Harrier fleet completed, Dédalo then typically carried an air group of eight AV-8S fighters, four Sea King antisubmarine warfare helicopters and four AB 212ASW Twin Hueys.
General characteristics:
Crew: one
Length: 41 ft 9 in (12.72 m) overall
40 ft 1.5 in (12.230 m) fuselage only
Wingspan: 26 ft 6 in (8.38 m)
Height: 15 ft (4.57 m)
Wing area: 259 ft² (24.15 m²)
Airfoil: NACA 0008-1.1-25 root, NACA 0005-0.825-50 tip
Empty weight: 9,146 lb (4,152 kg)
Loaded weight: 18,300 lb (8,318 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 24,500 lb (11,136 kg)
Powerplant:
1× Curtiss-Wright J65-W-16A turbojet with 7,700 lbf (34 kN)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 575 kn (661 mph, 1,064 km/h)
Range: 1,700 nmi (2,000 mi, 3,220 km)
Combat radius: 625 nmi, 1,158 km
Service ceiling: 42,250 ft (12,880 m)
Rate of climb: 8,440 ft/min (43 m/s)
Wing loading: 70.7 lb/ft² (344.4 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 0.51
g-limit: +8/-3 g
Armament:
2× 20 mm (0.79 in) Colt Mk 12 cannon with 200 RPG in the wing roots
5× hardpoints for a total payload of up to 5,000 lbs (2,268 kg)
- 1× Centerline: 3,500 lbs (1.600 kg) capability
- 2× Inboard wing: 2,200 lbs (1.000 kg) capability each
- 2× Outboard wing: 1,000 lbs (454 kg) capability each
[b]The kit and its assembly:[/b]
This simple project was built on short notice after a 1-week extension had been issued for the “Sixties” Group Build at whatifmodellers.com. I had the idea for a Spanish Navy Skyhawk for some time and already stashed away a kit (Airfix, new mould) and a decal sheet from a Special Hobby AH-1 in Spanish markings – but originally planned to assemble it during a “One Week GB”.
However, since the aircraft would fall into the Sixties’ time frame and had nothing else on the work bench I decided to add a final/3rd entry into the GB.
The Airfix A-4B/Q kit goes together nicely, even though the plastic appeared a bit soft and somewhat waxy. It was basically built OOB, using the A-4Q’s small dorsal hump for AGM-12 avionics, and with a modified nose: I transplanted the small conical radome from an IAI Kfir onto the Skyhawk’s nose, what made it IMHO look like a prototype aircraft, added an bulged fairing for the AGM-12’s guidance antenna behind it (the small blade antenna on the front landing gear cover does this job in real life!) for an even different look, and I added scratched ejection trigger handles to the seat. The flaps and the air brakes were, after the photo session, mounted in open/extended position, and the ordnance was changed to a pair of AGM-12A Bullpups on scratched launch rails on the outer underwing pylons (IIRC left over from a Fujimi A-4C kit).
[b]Painting and markings:[/b]
Inspiration came from the small Spanish AH-1G Cobra fleet: I wondered if an naval attack aircraft would have carried the same attractive all-blue livery (probably FS35042, USN Gloss Sea Blue, but in photos the AH-1s appear darker and less greenish)? Therefore, the paint scheme was easily settled, even though I used a darker and rather dull/greyish tone as a basis: Humbrol 112 (Tarmac). The landing gear wells and the air intakes were painted gloss white, while the inside of the flaps and the air brakes became bright red – a stark contrast, but very attractive, together with the bright markings.
The cockpit was painted in medium grey.
After basic painting the kit received a black ink washing and some panel shading, in this case with FS35042, because it would subtly add some plasticity
The markings are a mix of decals from a Special Hobby AH-1, together with wing roundels from an AV-8S Matador and some other small bits. The St. Andrews flag on the fin was improvised with generic decal material – even though it was a bit overdone because no Spanish Navy aircraft carries this marking, only the air force machines – and Spanish P-3As in their early USN-style livery? It is, however, a nice detail, and to make it not too obtrusive I limited the fin flash to the rudder’s tip – even though it still stands out on the all dark blue airframe.
Thin white decal lines were used to create the canopy seals, the red warning markings around the air intakes were created with decals (from the optional Argentinian A-4Q from the Airfix kit, very convenient for a Spanish aircraft) and paint.
The kit was sealed with a coat of semi-gloss acrylic varnish, for a clean and shiny look, and the metallic exhaust and the jet pipe were treated with graphite to make the area look darker and burnt.
A quick build, realized over a weekend, even though, due to the Humbrol 112’s poor quality, the finish did not turn out as clean as I had hoped for. The all-blue livery, together with the red and yellow roundels and the other bold marking, suit the Skyhawk very well, it looks IMHO very attractive in this guise, despite the scheme’s simplicity.
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house led us to the development of the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect KRDB to design, develop, and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. SOL has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes, DIY Network’s: This New House, Builder Magazine, and Green Builder Magazine.
Photos by DeLea Becker @ Beck-Reit and Sons, Ltd.
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Photos by DeLea Becker @ Beck-Reit and Sons, Ltd.
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house, led us to develop the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect, KRDB, to design, develop and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. The homes have been rated 4-5 star by the Austin Energy Green Building Program. SOL Austin has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes and DIY Network’s, This New House.
This 3 bedroom, 3 bathroom home has 1538 square feet. The Master Suite features a second story balcony, and the open living, dining, kitchen floor plan is ideal for entertaining.
Apparently capable of many powers, none of which we were able to decipher. Probably based on things that happen in The Incredibles which he made us watch four times (and yes, I realise that Incrediboy is the baddie - I think he meant Dash but refused to be shaken from his determination.) Mask bought by a young cousin at the Cherry Hinton church bazaar
This is a family dedicated channel to our beloved big lad Benji
We got Benji in 2007 when he was 4 years old as the owner was suffering from an illness and was no longer capable of looking after him
We got him on the 21st may 2007 so we used that date to celebrate his birthday
When Benji came to live with us he was a very independant lad and was always the boss especially over my two young sons and he stamped his authority quite quickly
He did test us at the beginning but soon knew that living here with us he was going to get nothing more than love and attention and he got that in abundance
He loved his home comforts as he would often take over the settee and would declare that space as his own
I myself have had health issues and Benji would always pop his head up to see if everything was alright with me and i would do the same with him everynight
We nearly lost Benji in 2013/2014 when we discovered a small lump on his groin and the vet at the time told us it was just a fatty lump and just ignore it
We knew something was not right and advised the vet that we wanted it removed and we would pay for the operation
We booked him in 2 weeks after that appointment and when we got him to the PDSA they told us that it was a good job that we ignored her colleagues advice and decided to go for the operation as it saved his life as this so called fatty lump was actually a growth that was cutting off his blood vessel, The operation was a success and it extended our time with Benji
There was times that we questioned some of the vets advice as for when we kept asking about all the lumps that was appearing on his body and again we were told that they were just fatty lumps
Over the past couple of years we were concerned of a few lumps under his chest and a few that would appear around his ribs etc and again we were told to ignore them as they were fatty lumps
Well those lumps turned out to be cancer and cost our baby boy his life as his liver had also became very enlarged and we had to make a decssion if we wanted to die in agony as we were informed or for the vet to give him that terrible injection
We took him home for a day so that he could say his goodbyes to my sons and we stayed awake with him all night
The following morning we gave him his favourite a tin of tuna and he had a good drink of water and at 10:15am on September 1st 2017 Benji was put to sleep
My wife held him in her arms as i cuddled his head and kept him from seeing the needles and he dropped into his deep sleep forever
The vet that dealt with Benji on his final moment was a wonderful and caring vet and we thank her from the bottom of our hearts for all she done
We love you Benji and we will walk together again one day soon
Forever your
Mammy, Daddy and Brothers
Blog: www.miksmedia.net
Facebook: www.facebook.com/miksmedia
Twitter: www.twitter.com/miksmedia
I've decided today to revisit my collection of shots from several weeks ago, when we've enjoyed a bit of a fire and bubble making fun. For me, this is yet another facet of summer. The time we spend outside with kids, roasting sausages and marsh-mellows on fire, playing silly games or just simply watching the kids goofing off is what always brings smile to my face.. I hope you have many opportunities of just such fun. Summer is too short not to do it often ;D
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house led us to the development of the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect KRDB to design, develop, and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. SOL has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes, DIY Network’s: This New House, Builder Magazine, and Green Builder Magazine.
Photos by DeLea Becker @ Beck-Reit and Sons, Ltd.
TOGETHER WE ARE CAPABLE OF HELPING INNOCENT CHILDREN
GET A GREAT FUTURE !
The 19th KFK Project “THE SCHOOL OF HOPE” in MUMBAI, INDIA
Please help & contribute!
Christmas is in front of the door and makes us all happy,
but nowadays also more & more people are reflective.
While many complain about the crisis, there are still a lot of humans who have
a much better life than those children in Mumbai.
For them this is the beginning of a very important help project, that we can’t do alone.
Therefore we ask YOU, our faithful KFK members on Facebook, for your kind support.
A little tribute with a huge effect.
Your help for children without parents.
TOGETHER WE CAN BUILD THEM A WORTHY FUTURE!
If all of our 10000 KFK members will donate just 20 Dollars,
we will come up with 200000 Dollars. We will then double it personally.
With 400000 Dollars we can realize this important Project for more than 1000 Indian
children who wouldn’t have otherwise any future hope.
A vocational school for youngsters who wouldn’t have any chance in life to attend one.
To have with this the possibility in the future to earn money in a serious way.
For them & their family.
If you feel the urge to help in this heart matter, you can start immediately:
PAYPAL: kimmelforkids@monaco.mc for KIMMEL FOR KIDS
BANK: DRESDNER Bank Monaco,
Account: IBAN: MC58 1550 8000 0101 0463 0000 101,
Swift: DRESMCMC
Client: P. Kimmel - KIMMEL FOR KIDS
Thank you so much for supporting this important cause!
Together for the Future of our next Generation.
Please spread the word also to your friends...
Thank you!
We wish you all the best for your family.
Peter & Nataly Kimmel
The Focusun 10T Fresh water flake ice machine is capable of producing almost 10.000 KG of ice in just 24 hrs. The Chinese company produces high quality plants using only the best quality parts from world renowned companies. Focusun produces all its machines in Mainland China. Also in Focusun's long list of product catalog with different capacities include: Block Ice Machine, Tube Ice Plant, Cold Storage, Artificial Ice/Snow Maker, Cube Ice Machine, Plate Ice Plant, Ice Crushers, Ice Compactors, Water Cooling Systems, Ice Bagging Machines, Air Cooling Systems, Diesel Generators and more...
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Birds. Kori Bustard. Pilanesberg Game Reserve. South Africa. Jun/2021
Kori Bustard
The kori bustard (Ardeotis kori) is arguably the largest flying bird native to Africa. It is a member of the bustard family, which all belong to the order Otidiformes and are restricted in distribution to the Old World. It is one of the four species (ranging from Africa to India to Australia) in the large-bodied genus Ardeotis. In fact, the male kori bustard may be the heaviest living animal capable of flight.
This species, like most bustards, is a ground-dwelling bird and an opportunistic omnivore. Male kori bustards, which can be more than twice as heavy as the female, attempt to breed with as many females as possible and then take no part in the raising of the young. The nest is a shallow hollow in the earth, often disguised by nearby obstructive objects such as trees
The kori bustard is cryptically coloured, being mostly grey and brown, finely patterned with black and white coloring. The upper parts and neck are a vermiculated black and greyish-buff colour. The ventral plumage is more boldly colored, with white, black and buff. The crest on its head is blackish in coloration, with less black on the female's crest. There is a white eye stripe above the eye. The chin, throat and neck are whitish with thin, fine black barring. A black collar at the base of the hind-neck extends onto the sides of the breast. The feathers around the neck are loose, giving the appearance of a thicker neck than they really have. The belly is white and the tail has broad bands of brownish-gray and white coloration
Source: Wikipedia
Abertada-Gigante
A abetarda-gigante ou abetarda-de-kori (Ardeotis kori) é uma ave da família Otididae que ocorre no sul e oeste africano. Habita zonas savanas áridas e de mato com pouca vegetação, incluindo os desertos do Kalahari e Namibe. É uma espécie com estado de conservação considerado vulnerável.
É uma ave de grandes dimensões, com comprimento situado entre 120 e 150 cm para os machos e 100 a 120 cm para as fêmeas, e grande envergadura, que pode variar de 2,45 a 2,80 metros. O dorso, asas e cauda são castanhos claro, e a zona da barriga é branca. O pescoço comprido é branco riscado de negro e a cabeça apresenta uma crista negra, muito evidente. As penas primárias e secundárias das asas são cinzento-claro manchado de preto, e o seu contraste com o corpo castanho e branco é uma das características mais marcantes da espécie em voo. As patas são altas e amarelas e o bico é acinzentado.
A abetarda-gigante é uma espécie de hábitos solitários e nómadas. Alimenta-se ao nível do solo, de insectos, pequenos vertebrados, sementes e cápsulas, principalmente de Acacia. Se perturbada, tende a fugir correndo, mas pode levantar voo de repente.
A época de reprodução decorre entre Outubro e Fevereiro, quando as abetardas-gigantes se juntam em pares. Os casais não constroem ninho e as fêmeas depositam os ovos directamente no solo. Cada postura contém 2 ovos, por vezes apenas 1, de cor verde-azeitona ou castanho-esverdeado. O período de incubação, registado apenas em condições de cativeiro, é de 27 a 30 dias. Os juvenis recebem cuidados parentais durante vários meses e aprendem a voar no fim do primeiro trimestre de vida. As abetardas-gigantes atingem a maturidade sexual por volta dos três anos.
Fonte: Wikipedia
Pilanesberg Game Reserve
The Pilanesberg Game Reserve is located north of Rustenburg in North West Province in South Africa. The park borders with the entertainment complex Sun City. The park is currently administered by the North West Parks and Tourism Board.
The area is fringed by three concentric ridges or rings of hills, of which the formation rises from the surrounding plains. Pilanesberg is named after a Tswana chief, Pilane, the 'Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex' is the park's primary geological feature. This vast circular geological feature is ancient even by geological standards as it is the crater of a long extinct volcano and the result of eruptions some 1,200 million years ago. It is one of the largest volcanic complexes of its type in the world, the rare rock types and formations make it a unique geological feature. A number of rare minerals occur in the park.
Scattered throughout the park are various sites that originate from the Iron Age and Stone Age and show the presence of man from those periods in these areas.
The park has an area of 572 square kilometres (221 sq mi). One can travel through in a standard road vehicle as although most of the 188 kilometres of track are not surfaced, they are well maintained.
The Pilanesberg is not in a location which the Big Five animals would naturally inhabit, however they have been brought into the 550 square kilometres of African bushland
Source: Wikipedia
A Reserva de Pilanesberg
A Reserva de Pilanesberg está localizada ao norte de Rustenburg, na Província Noroeste, na África do Sul. O parque faz fronteira com o complexo de entretenimento Sun City. O parque é atualmente administrado pelo North West Parks and Tourism Board.
A área é orlada por três cristas concêntricas ou anéis de colinas, das quais a formação se eleva das planícies circundantes. Pilanesberg é nomeado em homenagem a um chefe Tswana, Pilane, o 'complexo alcalino circular de Pilanesberg' é característica geológica primária do parque. Esta vasta característica geológica circular é antiga, mesmo para os padrões geológicos, pois é a cratera de um vulcão extinto e o resultado de erupções há cerca de 1.200 milhões de anos. É um dos maiores complexos vulcânicos do seu tipo no mundo, os raros tipos de rochas e formações fazem dele uma característica geológica única. Um número de minerais raros são encontrados no parque.
Espalhados por todo o parque estão vários locais que se originam da Idade do Ferro e da Idade da Pedra e mostram a presença do homem em tais períodos nessas áreas.
O parque tem uma área de 572 quilômetros quadrados (221 sq mi). Pode-se viajar através de um veículo normal, embora a maioria dos 188 quilômetros de estradas não sejam pavimentadas, elas estão bem conservados.
O Pilanesberg não é um local que os animais “Big Five” naturalmente habitam, no entanto, eles foram trazidos para os 550 quilômetros quadrados de mata nativa africana.
Fonte: Wikipedia (tradução livre)
The rise of the Sforza Castle
Originally from Romagna, Francesco Sforza was an immensely capable military leader as well as an astute politician. Having previously been hired to defend the city by Filippo Maria Visconti, he successfully laid siege to Milan and was welcomed by the populace as a liberator. On the 25th March 1450, Sforza and his wife Bianca Maria Visconti were hailed as the rulers of Milan.
Once in power, Francesco Sforza immediately set to work building additions to the Visconti Castle. Knowing the hatred the Milanese had for the building, he justified its reconstruction on the basis of a desire to beautify the city while defending it from outside enemies.
Coherently with this line of reasoning, in 1452, he set a civil engineer, the Florentine Antonio Averulino, known as il Filarete, to work alongside the military engineers, Giovanni da Milano, Jacopo da Cortona and Marcoleone da Nogolarolo. Averulino was tasked with designing the façade on the side of the city and the high central tower that rose above the castle gate. The Tuscan architect, however, was soon dismissed and the project was headed by Bartolomeo Gadio, a military architect who had the trust of the Sforzas and who had taken up the post of fortress commissioner for the duchy in the same year. The original plans for the façade were modified by Gadio to include two massive round corner towers covered in diamond shaped Serizzo stone that was more resistant to the artillery of the time. On the other side of the castle he also fortified and extended the “Ghirlanda”, a pre-existing Visconti era wall, which together with its two corner towers and a covered road, constituted the northern defences.
The efforts to complete and embellish the castle were intensified under the rule of Francesco Sforza's successor. In 1468 Galeazzo Maria, the first in line to the title, moved into the castle together with his court and spouse, Bona di Savoia, the sister-in-law of King Louis XI of France. In a matter of just a few years the Rocchetta Keep and the Ducal Courtyard were completed, the castle rooms frescoed and the Ducal Chapel decorated.
At this time the Castle was composed of the buildings that surrounded the capacious Courtyard of Arms on the side of the city, and the Ducal Apartments and fortified Rocchetta Keep towards the park.
Accelerated Development of Multi-Capable Airmen/Guardians
Maj. Caitlin Harris, 351st Special Warfare Training Squadron, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
Air Education and Training Command
The Special Warfare prototype project will provide linkages between human systems and operational tasks across a spectrum of skillsets that will accelerate training, learning, and retention while developing Airmen/Guardians in multiple competencies. This aggressive modernized training focuses on training the Airmen and Guardians in an efficient and dynamic way, preparing them for wartime situations requiring them to step outside their occupational specialty and operate as expert multi-disciplinarians.
Advanced Maintenance and Troubleshooting System
Master Sgt. Aaron Cordroch, 1st Special Operations Maintenance Group, Hurlburt Field, Florida
Air Force Special Operations Command
Imagine a world where we leverage cyber threat and intrusion/anomalies hardware detection and diagnostic mapping tools to take a snapshot of clean data and systems to build a picture of maintenance issues that can be monitored for changes.
Infrastructure in an Augmented Reality World
Tech. Sgt. Sarah Hubert and Tech. Sgt. Raymond Zgoda, 353rd Special Operations Wing and 374th Civil Engineer Squadron, Yokota Air Base, Japan
Pacific Air Forces
Realizing the potential of augmented reality enables precise determination of what and where our underground infrastructure is located without digging it up. Scanning installations and using Augmented Reality drastically reduces resources to repair after attack or natural disaster.
Project Kinetic Cargo Sustainment
Capt. Andrew Armor, Master Sgt. Brandon Allensworth, Master Sgt.
Peter Salinas, Master Sgt. Jet Nesle and Tech. Sgt. Justin Sprinkel, 18th Logistics Readiness Squadron, Kadena AB, Japan
Pacific Air Forces
Dramatically accelerate mobility cargo processing capacity and throughput by means of operating outside of analog mobility processes and tools for port operations.
Real-Time Asset Management System
Michael Dolan, Space Base Delta 3, Los Angeles AFB, California
Space Systems Command
Imagine leaders and employees optimizing office space, minimizing modernization construction costs and enable tracking and evolution continuity of every location and asset from unclassified to Special Access Programs. This Space Management tool provides real-time assessment and data mining capability for every square foot of buildings and every office space to include IT configurations down to the chip level.
Project Oregon Trail
Staff Sgt. Michael Sturtevant, 353th Special Operations Support Squadron, Kadena Air Base, Japan
Air Force Special Operations Command
Reimagined and reduced Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data are afforded because there are smaller, lighter, and faster-to-deploy mechanisms to move cargo and equipment wherever needed, on the spot without the need for pallet jacks or forklifts.
Photo by Mike Tsukamoto/Air & Space Forces Magazine
It's weird that iPhone & Android are bragging about the fact that they'll soon have NFC chips for mobile payments, when the Nokia DumbPhone I had 10 years ago let me swipe & pay with NFC. You guys are a little late to the party.
www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2011/01/apple-adding-nfc-contact-...
www.pcworld.com/article/210861/what_googles_nfc_android_p...
www.pcworld.com/article/210861/what_googles_nfc_android_p...
To read more information and see HQ photos please go to: www.boxfox1.com/2012/07/fiat-500l-cool-capable.html
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house led us to the development of the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect KRDB to design, develop, and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. SOL has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes, DIY Network’s: This New House, Builder Magazine, and Green Builder Magazine.
Photos by DeLea Becker @ Beck-Reit and Sons, Ltd.