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The Fieseler Fi 156 Storch (Stork) was a German liaison and reconnaissance aircraft used during World War II, known for its remarkable short takeoff and landing (STOL) capabilities. Designed by the Fieseler company, the aircraft was highly versatile, often deployed for tasks such as air observation, transport of supplies, and even evacuations from difficult terrain. Its distinctive design, with large wings and tail surfaces, allowed it to operate from short, unprepared fields, making it especially valuable for military operations in rugged or remote areas .
The new Sentinel-3A satellite recently began providing data from orbit. This very early image recorded on 3 March 2016, takes us over the River Nile and Delta and the surrounding desert areas of northeast Africa and parts of the Middle East.
Very distinct is Egypt, a country connecting northeast Africa with the Middle East, home to millennia-old monuments still sitting along the lush Nile valley.
In the centre of the image, capital city Cairo with the Nile snaking northwards is clearly visible, along with the Red Sea just further east. Also evident are the islands of Cyprus further north in the Mediterranean Sea and parts of Crete on the very left.
One of the suite of sophisticated instruments that will measure Earth’s oceans, land, ice and atmosphere, Sentinel-3’s Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) measures the energy radiating from Earth’s surface in nine spectral bands, including visible and infrared.
The instrument improves on the capabilities of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer carried by the Envisat satellite of 2002–12, including a wider swath of 1400 km, new channels and a partly higher spatial resolution.
Combining radiometer and colour data helps us to understand the state of vegetation better.
Launched last 16 February, Sentinel-3 will systematically measure Earth’s oceans, land, ice and atmosphere to monitor and understand large-scale global dynamics. It will provide essential information in near-real time for ocean and weather forecasting, among other major applications.
Over land, this innovative mission will provide a bigger picture by monitoring wildfires, mapping the way land is used, providing indices of vegetation state and measuring the height of rivers and lakes, complementing the high-resolution measurements of its sister mission, Sentinel-2.
This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme.
Credit: Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2016], processed by ESA
A quarter of a century ago, NASA released the “first light” images from the agency’s Chandra X-ray Observatory. This introduction to the world of Chandra’s high-resolution X-ray imaging capabilities includes this new sonification that features the spectacular cosmic vista of 30 Doradus, one of the largest and brightest regions of star formation close to the Milky Way. This sonification combines X-rays from Chandra with infrared data from Webb.
As the scan moves from left to right across the image, the volume heard again corresponds to the brightness seen. Light toward the top of the image is mapped to higher pitched notes. X-rays from Chandra, which reveal gas that has been superheated by shock waves generated by the winds from massive stars, are heard as airy synthesizer sounds. Meanwhile, Webb’s infrared data show cooler gas that provides the raw ingredients for future stars. These data are mapped to a range of sounds including soft, low musical pitches (red regions), a wind-like sound (white regions), piano-like synthesizer notes indicating very bright stars, and a rain-stick sound for stars in a central cluster.
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Penn State Univ./L. Townsley et al.; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/JWST ERO Production Team; Sonification: NASA/CXC/SAO/K.Arcand, SYSTEM Sounds (M. Russo, A. Santaguida)
#NASAMarshall #NASA #astrophysics #NASAChandra #NASA #sonification #nebula
The HWATR (Heavy Weaponized All Terrain Robot) Mk. 1 is a 3.4-meter-tall autonomous or remotely piloted combat mecha with impressive offensive capabilities. This mecha is equipped with three main armaments: a minigun with a 2,400-round cartridge; a compact railgun firing 6 rounds per minute and a 24-round cartridge, with a range of 1 km and capable of penetrating light armor such as that of LAVs and IFVs; and a single anti-tank TOW missile launcher. All weapons are manually reloadable. For defense, the HWATR has a drone jammer on top, smoke dischargers, and a laser detection system. Like all next-generation systems in the Plighia army, this mecha also features BODYGUARD technology. The weak points of this mecha are the lower joints, which are particularly exposed and poorly protected, to ensure maximum agility and speed (maximum speed similar to that of an average human running) on all types of terrain.
1. Taking pictures a tool (camera), not a photographer.
2. The choice of tool limits the possibilities.
3. Experience allows him (instrument) less and less to limit their capabilities.
4. The ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
5. The moment of observation is the real find ...
6. Training and mastering it defies. Training leads to poor imitations of the original.
7. Often the result should ripen, like wine. Although time is the understanding of the mind, therefore it is very speculative.
8. The meaning of all this is the process!
9. Let it be!
youtu.be/2pQrWPpUN1U
www.facebook.com/oleg.pivovarchik.1971
listenwave.smugmug.com
#FilmOFone
The control centre of the rover can hold a baby elephant or two oxen. The rear trailer can also carry sections of large spacecraft. Thanks to Tim Goddard (Rogue Bantha) for the loan of his elephant and half his Ice Planet ship for this demonstration at Brick Live Birmingham, 2016.
…oh, and also the oxen who were from an Anglo-Saxon scene and probably very confused.
U.S., Royal Thai and Republic of Korea Reconnaissance Marines conduct helocasting during an amphibious capabilities demonstration at Hat Yao beach, Rayong, Thailand, during exercise Cobra Gold 16, Feb. 11, 2016. CG16 increases cooperation, interoperability and collaboration among partner nations in order to achieve effective solutions to common challenges.
(U.S. Marine Corps photo by GySgt Ismael Pena/Released)
SPYDR47
ATHENA ISR Program. US Army
BIZJETS OF WAR - APR 07, 2024
Amid program delays and revamps, the first ATHENA jet started a series of test flights in early March 2024. Shortly afterwards, the director of the U.S. Army's ISR Task Force shared the first clear image of the Global 6500 jet, showcasing its large radome and SIGINT sensor suite. The ATHENA program is the bridging phase between the ARES and ARTEMIS platforms and the final HADES jets and will consist of four Global 6500 bizjets with radome and SIGINT capabilities. Delays and supply-chain issues led to a restructuring of the program, but initial flight tests are now well underway ahead of delivery later this year.
The Army Theater-level High-altitude Expeditionary Next Airborne intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ATHENA) program is the bridging phase between the contractor-owned and operated ARES and ARTEMIS jets, which are already flying operational missions, and the final HADES platform.
When the ATHENA contracts for the four modified Global 6500s were awarded to the MAG Aerospace-L3Harris team and SNC, the program was structured into two components: ATHENA-R and ATHENA-S. The first phase, ATHENA-R (Radar) was planned to house a DoD-provided radar system and a SIGINT suite. Delivery to the U.S. Army was set for January 2024, but supply chain and program issues have resulted in delays. In parallel, the U.S. Army assessed that both ATHENA variants require both SIGINT and radar capabilities, leading to the service dropping the ‘-S’ and ‘-R’ variants and no longer prioritizing the delivery of one ‘variant’ over the other.
The first ATHENA jet will be deployed to South Korea, joining ARES deployed to Japan and several other COCO ISR bizjets in the region. While the specific deployment areas of the other ATHENA jets are unknown, two airframes will presumably be deployed to the Indo-Pacific theatre and the other two to Europe.
Besides the clear threats, the assumption that ATHENA will join the ARTEMIS jets in Europe is also based on an announcement from last year that stated ATHENA-S will ‘‘support U.S. Army missions in the U.S. European Command area of responsibility.’’ However, the program revamps and the ever-changing ISR needs of the U.S. military may have changed those plans or will do so in the future.
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Also:
MAG Aerospace and L3Harris team to deliver the US Army Theater-Level, High-Altitude Expeditionary Next Airborne (ATHENA-R) ISR aircraft.
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Press Release, Fairfax VA, 22 August 2023: The US Army awarded prime contractor MAG Aerospace and teaming partner L3Harris Technologies a contract to deliver two enhanced intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft to support the Army’s Theater-Level, High-Altitude Expeditionary Next Airborne ISR-Radar Program – known as ATHENA-R.
Integrated on Bombardier Global 6500 aircraft, the system will help the Army meet global intelligence requirements. Operating at high altitude will provide the aircraft greater survivability and line-of-sight, both essential to help the Army achieve its long-range precision fires modernization priorities.
MAG Aerospace is currently the prime contractor for the Army’s Sensor Technology Operations and Readiness (STORM) contract. Being deeply embedded in these critical capabilities is core to MAG’s mission of making the world smaller and safer.
“MAG is honoured to support the Army’s ATHENA-R Program. Current geopolitical circumstances dictate a need for an adaptable and resolute ISR solution that can adequately address near-peer threats and future contested environments, and we are prepared to execute,” said Joseph Reale, CEO, MAG Aerospace. “MAG has an exceptional performance history of delivering and managing extensive turnkey aerial C5ISR programs in the most austere and challenging operational environments worldwide. This award is validation of the relentless work our employees execute everyday alongside our customers.”
Designed to close the gap between the Army’s medium and high-altitude ISR aircraft fleet, the ATHENA-R Program will provide greater endurance, more payload capacity, longer standoff ranges and leading-edge sensor technology in support of US combatant commands.
“We have a great track record of working with the Army,” said Jon Rambeau, President, Integrated Mission Systems, L3Harris. “Our team understands the urgency of fielding these long-range, deep-sensing capabilities to support the Army’s mission needs and is positioned to deliver.”
Besides winning a contract in September 2022 to develop Phase 2 of the Army’s Multi-Domain Sensing System program, L3Harris supports an additional Army ISR mission: the Airborne Reconnaissance and Electronic Warfare aircraft known as ARES.
Greer Grant was a native of Chicago, Illinois. She was a sophomore at the University of Chicago when she met her future husband, policeman Bill Nelson. She left college to marry him. The marriage was a strong one, flawed only by Bill's overprotective nature. Bill was killed in an off-duty shooting, and Greer had to find a job of her own. After weeks of searching, she ran into her old physics professor, Dr. Joanne Tumulo, and signed on as her research assistant.
Dr. Tumulo was working on human enhancement methods effective for women. For several reasons, including distrust for the haphephobic Malcolm Donalbain (Tumulo's financial backer), distaste for Shirlee Bryant (his chosen subject), and Greer's own enthusiasm, Tumolo decided to let her friend undergo the treatment as well.
Greer emerged from the regimen with greatly enhanced physical and mental capabilities, including the peculiar tendency to feel others' pain. Shirlee emerged with similar physical capacity but considerably less mental empowerment, a result they blamed on her lack of adherence to the preparatory regimen.
Tumolo then investigated further, and discovered that Donalbain had created a mind-control device and a set of cat-themed gadgets, with which he intended to make Shirlee his mindless superhuman enforcer. However, she fell to her death while testing the grapple-claw.
Stealing away, Dr. Tumulo presented the story to Greer, along with a spare Cat costume and gadget-set as evidence. However, her intention to call the police was thwarted by a bombing at her lab, which claimed her life. Greer then donned the suit, and set out to put an end to his scheme. With her powers, she adapted quickly to the strange garb and attacked Donalbain's headquarters, before convincing him to commit suicide rather than let himself be touched. A fire set off by the earlier fight then destroyed Donalbain's headquarters, including his copy of the enhancement machine.
Greer then embarked on a brief crimefighting career as the Cat.
Years later, another of Donalbain's Cat costumes surfaced when Patsy Walker discovered it while accompanying the Avengers. Donning it, she began calling herself the Hellcat.
"The Tigra" is the historical defender/champion of the Cat People, a humanoid race created by sorcery during the Dark Ages. Concerned about the Cat People's uncontrollable population growth and savagery, a community of sorcerers eventually banished the entire original Cat People population to a demonic netherworldly realm.
The two very first Cat People, who were themselves very capable scientists and sorcerers, were able to evade banishment through their magic. They continued to live among humanity in secret and worked to refine the Cat People's biology to make a peaceful integration into the human population possible. They were constantly attacked and required a protector. Discovering that the original spell for transforming cats into Cat People like themselves had been rendered inoperative, they created a process combining science, sorcery, and focused mental power that could transform a human female into a "Tigra", a humanoid tiger-like being with abilities that far surpassed those of either race.
This unnamed first Tigra defended the Cat People with great effectiveness, and allowed a new community to establish themselves on Earth, separate from the group that had been banished. This new population continued to live amongst humanity in secrecy through the present day, relying on enchantments that cast the illusion of a human appearance.
Nothing is known about the other Tigras who may have existed, or even if there have been more than two. At the time when Greer was transformed into Tigra, "the Tigra" was only remembered by the Cat People as a distant, but powerful, legend. It has been strongly implied that only one Tigra can exist at any given time.
Dr. Tumulo was revealed to be one of these modern Cat People. When members of HYDRA tracked Tumolo down to obtain "the Final Secret" (the Black Death plague, which was another creation of the first two Cat People), Greer once again donned the Cat costume and drove them off. However, she was mortally injured by a blast from one of their alpha radiation pistols.
Greer regained consciousness in a Baja California cave, surrounded by a gathering of Cat People summoned by Tumolo. Rapidly dying from the radiation's effects, Greer was offered one last hope of survival: a combination of ancient science, sorcery, and mental power that would transform her into Tigra, the Cat People's legendary half-human, half-cat warrior. She readily consented, began wearing only her black bikini from this time on, and arose from the ceremony as a superhumanly-powered human-animal hybrid. Striped fur covered her entire body, her hands and feet bore razor-sharp claws, her teeth became long and pointed, and her eyes were now cat's eyes. In addition to superhuman strength and senses, she also gained many of the drives and instincts of a cat. Soon after, she encountered the Werewolf.
Though initially unable to change back to her human self, Tigra received from the Cat People a mystical cat-headed amulet that allowed her to first create the illusion of her human form and later to change at will. She seldom made use of it, preferring her feline superpowered form and mostly abandoning her life as Greer Grant Nelson.
Greer resumed her superhero career, with most of the world unaware that the woman who briefly fought crime as the Cat was now the feline Tigra. She fought alongside most of Marvel's heavy-hitters in wide-ranging adventures. She first battled Kraven the Hunter, and then teamed with Spider-Man against Kraven. She also became a friend and associate of the Fantastic Four.
When the Avengers found themselves shorthanded, Moondragon used her mental powers to compel a dozen unaffiliated heroes (apparently selected at random) to travel to Avengers Mansion and audition for the vacant position. Though he disapproved of Moondragon's methods, Captain America offered Tigra a spot on the team.
Although Tigra's first tenure with the Avengers was brief, she served well. She also aided the X-Men against Deathbird. Her time with the Avengers was highlighted by her saving the world from destruction by the Molecule Man single-handed, who intended to consume the planet's energy, like Galactus. Alone among the Avengers, she was able to get close enough to him to talk him out of his plan. She convinced him to seek help from a therapist and the Molecule Man has ceased to be a threat to this day.
The Avengers fought the Ghost Rider, who blasted the team with his terror-inducing hellfire. The nature of Tigra's powers caused her to be affected by the exposure on a far deeper level than her teammates. She was left with great self-doubts about her qualifications as a member of Earth's premier superhero team, particularly alongside such heavy-hitters as Thor and Iron Man. Ultimately she resigned her membership, leaving the team on good terms.
She resumed her modeling career, moving to San Francisco when employers on the East Coast proved unreceptive to the idea of a cat person model. There she befriended private investigator Jessica Drew, and aided her on several cases, but had no better luck with modeling work there than on the East Coast and accepted an offer from the Vision to become a founding member of the Avengers' new West Coast-based team. Alongside the new West Coast Avengers, she fought Graviton, and became a close friend of Wonder Man. She also began a flirtation with Henry Pym.
While with the West Coast Avengers, she seemed to have shed the remainders of her hellfire-induced self-doubt. However, the cat-like aspects of her personality (such as a penchant for savagery and a need for affection) had begun to dominate her human intellect, causing her increasing distress. She sought help from her Avengers teammates in overcoming the "cat" side of her personality, which had caused her to become the lover of both Wonder Man and Henry Pym. She also encountered and fought the Werewolf. She was transported with the West Coast Avengers by Balkatar to the realm of the Cat People. Ultimately, she came into contact with the banished colony of Cat People, whose king agreed to resolve her crisis in exchange for carrying out her historical function by murdering the Cat People's longtime foe, Master Pandemonium.
Though she initially accepted their terms, when the critical moment came at an arena in the Cat People's realm, Tigra refused to violate the Avengers' code against killing, and failed to kill Master Pandemonium. The Cat People stripped her of her "Tigra soul" (the peculiar articulation of her Tigra powers in this demonic realm). She was reduced to her normal, pre-transformation human state.
The Hellcat, who had accompanied Greer and the West Coast Avengers, lent Greer the super-suit that she used to wear as the Cat, and a battle ensued. As the tide began to turn against the Cat People, their leader released the "Tigra soul" as a means of confusing Greer. The tactic backfired: the cat-suit had been designed by a Cat Person (Tumolo) specifically to amplify Greer's human capabilities, so instead of Greer being dominated by the "Tigra soul" as before, the suit caused her human and feline personalities to successfully integrate together.
This time, Greer's transformation into the legendary cat-warrior was much more complete than before. Her strength and abilities were far greater than they were originally. Her appearance became more feline, and she grew a tail like the rest of the Cat People. She also lost the ability to shift back to a human form, though as before she showed no sense of loss for her human identity.
Her transformation was so complete and the Tigra legend was so strong among the Cat People that they immediately ceased hostilities. Tigra continues to hold a position of significant reverence among the Cat People.
The transformation also resolved the conflicts between the human and feline aspects of her personality. Tigra could now exploit the full range and ferocity of her abilities without fear of going so far that she would lose control of her actions, and she could also indulge her natural feline inclinations (such as hunting and chasing prey for enjoyment) without feeling guilty or self-conscious. This integration was confirmed in concrete ways immediately upon the team's return to Earth. Tigra performed a sport dive off the highest span of the Golden Gate Bridge, exhibiting no signs of any injury or fear of the water. She also terminated her ongoing relationship with Hank Pym, explaining that although she no longer felt a cat-like need to seek affection at every opportunity, she had no conventional human desire to be tied down to one mate, either.
She was captured by Graviton at one point, but freed the Avengers from him. Around this time, the Arthurian Lady of the Lake summoned the West Coast Avengers to England to aid the superhero team Excalibur. With the others, Tigra ventured into the realm of limbo to help stop Doctor Doom's mad plans to gain power at the cost of killing everyone in Britain.
Tigra briefly left the West Coast Avengers in a dispute over the Avengers' policy against killing. Tigra stated that she believed by her very nature that killing prey was sometimes necessary.[volume & issue needed] She joined Mockingbird and the Moon Knight in forming an independent group.
After returning to the team, Tigra inexplicably underwent another "inversion" and transformed into a more animal-like feline form, losing her human intellect completely and becoming a danger to her fellow Avengers. This was possibly due to the reality-warping machinations of Immortus, who at the time sought to distract the team so as to have unimpeded access to the Scarlet Witch. Tigra was forcibly shrunken down to sub-house cat size by Hank Pym and kept in a cage in his lab while the team tended to other urgent matters. She escaped and traveled into suburbia, where she lived as a wild animal.
She was ultimately rescued and restored to her former appearance and stability by noted witch Agatha Harkness, who was an associate of the West Coast Avengers at the time.
Tigra resumed her membership in the West Coast Avengers. On an intelligence-gathering mission in Japan, she and Iron Man battled a team of Asian supervillains known as the Pacific Overlords. During the fight, Iron Man was incapacitated and Tigra suffered a deep, critical stab wound to the abdomen before dispatching her attackers and making her escape. She flew away in the Avengers' Quinjet, intending to report back to headquarters on the Overlords' plans, but severe loss of blood caused her to lose consciousness and crash land in Arnhem Land, an Aboriginal territory in northern Australia. Rescued by Aborigines, she decided to stay put while she recovered from her wounds, naming Spider-Woman (Julia Carpenter) as her replacement. She briefly made Arnhem Land her home, enjoying the company of the Aborigines and the pleasures of living wild.
After the West Coast Avengers disbanded, Tigra resumed her wide-ranging adventures. Though no longer an active Avenger, she continued to participate in Avengers operations when needed as a member of the team's extended family.
With the aid of a new transformation device to disguise her true identity from her fellow officers, Tigra spent some time on the New York City police force. She focused much of her time on a personal case and in combating a force of vigilante police officers.
Later, mystical forces which attacked all Avengers brought her to the Avengers Mansion. There, she and all the other Avengers were entrapped by Morgan le Fay, to live out in an alternate universe where le Fay ruled, fighting alongside the others as one of the "queen"'s guards under the name "Grimalkin". After the defeat of Morgan, Tigra went off into space with Starfox to enjoy the pleasures found there. She appeared off and on, having a series of adventures as part of the ad hoc space-faring Avengers Infinity team in which she helps in preventing an extra-universal race from destroying all life in our universe.
Tigra returned to Earth with the Avengers Infinity team during the Maximum Security storyline, during which she helped to save the Earth from becoming a penal colony for alien criminals.[volume & issue needed] She played a particularly crucial role in events when the Infinity team were captured after discovering the Kree's role in recent events, with the Kree intending to lobotomize the team and make it appear as though they had destroyed another planet; due to the attention the Kree had paid to keeping the more powerful team members contained, they were unprepared for Tigra, the weakest member, to escape her bonds by returning to her smaller human form, allowing her to escape her shackles and free her teammates in time to reveal the truth.
⚡ Happy 🎯 Heroclix 💫 Friday! 👽
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A year of the shows and performers of the Bijou Planks Theater.
Secret Identity: Greer Grant Nelson
Publisher: Marvel
First appearance: Giant-Size Creatures 1 (July 1974)
Created by: Tony Isabella (Writer)
Don Perlin (Artist)
An Air Force Lockheed Martin F-22 "Raptor" assigned to the 3rd Wing flies over Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Feb. 27, 2018. The Lockheed Martin F-22 "Raptor" is the U.S. Air Force’s premium fifth-generation fighter asset.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Lockheed Martin F-22 "Raptor" is a fifth-generation, single-seat, twin-engine, all-weather stealth tactical fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). The result of the USAF's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, the aircraft was designed primarily as an air superiority fighter, but also has ground attack, electronic warfare, and signal intelligence capabilities. The prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, built most of the F-22's airframe and weapons systems and conducted final assembly, while Boeing provided the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems.
The aircraft was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 before it formally entered service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Despite its protracted development and various operational issues, USAF officials consider the F-22 a critical component of the service's tactical air power. Its combination of stealth, aerodynamic performance, and situational awareness enable unprecedented air combat capabilities.
Service officials had originally planned to buy a total of 750 ATFs. In 2009, the program was cut to 187 operational production aircraft due to high costs, a lack of clear air-to-air missions due to delays in Russian and Chinese fighter programs, a ban on exports, and development of the more versatile F-35. The last F-22 was delivered in 2012.
Development
Origins
In 1981, the U.S. Air Force identified a requirement for an Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) to replace the F-15 "Eagle" and F-16 "Fighting Falcon". Code named "Senior Sky", this air-superiority fighter program was influenced by emerging worldwide threats, including new developments in Soviet air defense systems and the proliferation of the Su-27 "Flanker"- and MiG-29 "Fulcrum"-class of fighter aircraft. It would take advantage of the new technologies in fighter design on the horizon, including composite materials, lightweight alloys, advanced flight control systems, more powerful propulsion systems, and most importantly, stealth technology. In 1983, the ATF concept development team became the System Program Office (SPO) and managed the program at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The demonstration and validation (Dem/Val) request for proposals (RFP) was issued in September 1985, with requirements placing strong emphasis on stealth and supercruise. Of the seven bidding companies, Lockheed and Northrop were selected on 31 October 1986. Lockheed teamed with Boeing and General Dynamics while Northrop teamed with McDonnell Douglas, and the two contractor teams undertook a 50-month Dem/Val phase, culminating in the flight test of two technology demonstrator prototypes, the YF-22 and the YF-23, respectively.
Dem/Val was focused on risk reduction and technology development plans over specific aircraft designs. Contractors made extensive use of analytical and empirical methods, including computational fluid dynamics, wind-tunnel testing, and radar cross-section calculations and pole testing; the Lockheed team would conduct nearly 18,000 hours of wind-tunnel testing. Avionics development was marked by extensive testing and prototyping and supported by ground and flying laboratories. During Dem/Val, the SPO used the results of performance and cost trade studies conducted by contractor teams to adjust ATF requirements and delete ones that were significant weight and cost drivers while having marginal value. The short takeoff and landing (STOL) requirement was relaxed in order to delete thrust-reversers, saving substantial weight. As avionics was a major cost driver, side-looking radars were deleted, and the dedicated infra-red search and track (IRST) system was downgraded from multi-color to single color and then deleted as well. However, space and cooling provisions were retained to allow for future addition of these components. The ejection seat requirement was downgraded from a fresh design to the existing McDonnell Douglas ACES II. Despite efforts by the contractor teams to rein in weight, the takeoff gross weight estimate was increased from 50,000 lb (22,700 kg) to 60,000 lb (27,200 kg), resulting in engine thrust requirement increasing from 30,000 lbf (133 kN) to 35,000 lbf (156 kN) class.
Each team produced two prototype air vehicles for Dem/Val, one for each of the two engine options. The YF-22 had its maiden flight on 29 September 1990 and in flight tests achieved up to Mach 1.58 in supercruise. After the Dem/Val flight test of the prototypes, on 23 April 1991, Secretary of the USAF Donald Rice announced the Lockheed team as the winner of the ATF competition. The YF-23 design was considered stealthier and faster, while the YF-22, with its thrust vectoring nozzles, was more maneuverable as well as less expensive and risky. The aviation press speculated that the Lockheed team's design was also more adaptable to the U.S. Navy's Navalized Advanced Tactical Fighter (NATF), but by 1992, the Navy had abandoned NATF.
Production and procurement
As the program moved to full-scale development, or the Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD) stage, the production version had notable differences from the YF-22, despite having a broadly similar shape. The swept-back angle of the leading edge was decreased from 48° to 42°, while the vertical stabilizers were shifted rearward and decreased in area by 20%. To improve pilot visibility, the canopy was moved forward 7 inches (18 cm), and the engine intakes moved rearward 14 inches (36 cm). The shapes of the wing and stabilator trailing edges were refined to improve aerodynamics, strength, and stealth characteristics. Increasing weight during development caused slight reductions in range and maneuver performance.
Prime contractor Lockheed Martin Aeronautics manufactured the majority of the airframe and performed final assembly at Dobbins Air Reserve Base in Marietta, Georgia; program partner Boeing Defense, Space & Security provided additional airframe components as well as avionics integration and training systems. The first F-22, an EMD aircraft with tail number 4001, was unveiled at Marietta, Georgia, on 9 April 1997, and first flew on 7 September 1997. Production, with the first lot awarded in September 2000, supported over 1,000 subcontractors and suppliers from 46 states and up to 95,000 jobs, and spanned 15 years at a peak rate of roughly two airplanes per month. In 2006, the F-22 development team won the Collier Trophy, American aviation's most prestigious award. Due to the aircraft's advanced nature, contractors have been targeted by cyberattacks and technology theft.
The USAF originally envisioned ordering 750 ATFs at a total program cost of $44.3 billion and procurement cost of $26.2 billion in fiscal year (FY) 1985 dollars, with production beginning in 1994. The 1990 Major Aircraft Review led by Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney reduced this to 648 aircraft beginning in 1996. By 1997, funding instability had further cut the total to 339, which was again reduced to 277 by 2003. In 2004, the Department of Defense (DoD) further reduced this to 183 operational aircraft, despite the USAF's preference for 381. A multi-year procurement plan was implemented in 2006 to save $15 billion, with total program cost projected to be $62 billion for 183 F-22s distributed to seven combat squadrons. In 2008, Congress passed a defense spending bill that raised the total orders for production aircraft to 187.
The first two F-22s built were EMD aircraft in the Block 1.0 configuration for initial flight testing, while the third was a Block 2.0 aircraft built to represent the internal structure of production airframes and enabled it to test full flight loads. Six more EMD aircraft were built in the Block 10 configuration for development and upgrade testing, with the last two considered essentially production quality jets. Production for operational squadrons consisted of 37 Block 20 training aircraft and 149 Block 30/35 combat aircraft; one of the Block 35 aircraft is dedicated to flight sciences at Edwards Air Force Base.
The numerous new technologies in the F-22 resulted in substantial cost overruns and delays. Many capabilities were deferred to post-service upgrades, reducing the initial cost but increasing total program cost. As production wound down in 2011, the total program cost is estimated to be about $67.3 billion, with $32.4 billion spent on Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) and $34.9 billion on procurement and military construction (MILCON) in then year dollars. The incremental cost for an additional F-22 was estimated at about $138 million in 2009.
Ban on exports
The F-22 cannot be exported under US federal law to protect its stealth technology and other high-tech features. Customers for U.S. fighters are acquiring earlier designs such as the F-15 "Eagle" and F-16 "Fighting Falcon" or the newer F-35 "Lightning II", which contains technology from the F-22 but was designed to be cheaper, more flexible, and available for export. In September 2006, Congress upheld the ban on foreign F-22 sales. Despite the ban, the 2010 defense authorization bill included provisions requiring the DoD to prepare a report on the costs and feasibility for an F-22 export variant, and another report on the effect of F-22 export sales on U.S. aerospace industry.
Some Australian politicians and defense commentators proposed that Australia should attempt to purchase F-22s instead of the planned F-35s, citing the F-22's known capabilities and F-35's delays and developmental uncertainties. However, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) determined that the F-22 was unable to perform the F-35's strike and close air support roles. The Japanese government also showed interest in the F-22 for its Replacement-Fighter program. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) would reportedly require fewer fighters for its mission if it obtained the F-22, thus reducing engineering and staffing costs. However, in 2009 it was reported that acquiring the F-22 would require increases to the Japanese government's defense budget beyond the historical 1 percent of its GDP. With the end of F-22 production, Japan chose the F-35 in December 2011. Israel also expressed interest, but eventually chose the F-35 because of the F-22's price and unavailability.
Production termination
Throughout the 2000s, the need for F-22s was debated, due to rising costs and the lack of relevant adversaries. In 2006, Comptroller General of the United States David Walker found that "the DoD has not demonstrated the need" for more investment in the F-22, and further opposition to the program was expressed by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R. England, Senator John McCain, and Chairman of U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services Senator John Warner. The F-22 program lost influential supporters in 2008 after the forced resignations of Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force General T. Michael Moseley.
In November 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates stated that the F-22 was not relevant in post-Cold War conflicts such as irregular warfare operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and in April 2009, under the new Obama Administration, he called for ending production in FY2011, leaving the USAF with 187 production aircraft. In July, General James Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, stated to the Senate Committee on Armed Services his reasons for supporting termination of F-22 production. They included shifting resources to the multirole F-35 to allow proliferation of fifth-generation fighters for three service branches and preserving the F/A-18 production line to maintain the military's electronic warfare (EW) capabilities in the Boeing EA-18G "Growler". Issues with the F-22's reliability and availability also raised concerns. After President Obama threatened to veto further production, the Senate voted in July 2009 in favor of ending production and the House subsequently agreed to abide by the 187 production aircraft cap. Gates stated that the decision was taken in light of the F-35's capabilities, and in 2010, he set the F-22 requirement to 187 aircraft by lowering the number of major regional conflict preparations from two to one.
In 2010, USAF initiated a study to determine the costs of retaining F-22 tooling for a future Service Life Extension Program (SLEP). A RAND Corporation paper from this study estimated that restarting production and building an additional 75 F-22s would cost $17 billion, resulting in $227 million per aircraft, or $54 million higher than the flyaway cost. Lockheed Martin stated that restarting the production line itself would cost about $200 million. Production tooling and associated documentation were subsequently stored at the Sierra Army Depot, allowing the retained tooling to support the fleet life cycle. There were reports that attempts to retrieve this tooling found empty containers, but a subsequent audit found that the tooling was stored as expected.
Russian and Chinese fighter developments have fueled concern, and in 2009, General John Corley, head of Air Combat Command, stated that a fleet of 187 F-22s would be inadequate, but Secretary Gates dismissed General Corley's concern. In 2011, Gates explained that Chinese fifth-generation fighter developments had been accounted for when the number of F-22s was set, and that the U.S. would have a considerable advantage in stealth aircraft in 2025, even with F-35 delays. In December 2011, the 195th and final F-22 was completed out of 8 test EMD and 187 operational aircraft produced; the aircraft was delivered to the USAF on 2 May 2012.
In April 2016, the House Armed Services Committee (HASC) Tactical Air and Land Forces Subcommittee proposed legislation that would direct the Air Force to conduct a cost study and assessment associated with resuming production of the F-22. Since the production halt directed in 2009 by then Defense Secretary Gates, lawmakers and the Pentagon noted that air warfare systems of Russia and China were catching up to those of the U.S. Lockheed Martin has proposed upgrading the Block 20 training aircraft into combat-coded Block 30/35 versions as a way to increase numbers available for deployment. On 9 June 2017, the Air Force submitted their report to Congress stating they had no plans to restart the F-22 production line due to economic and operational issues; it estimated it would cost approximately $50 billion to procure 194 additional F-22s at a cost of $206–$216 million per aircraft, including approximately $9.9 billion for non-recurring start-up costs and $40.4 billion for aircraft procurement costs.
Upgrades
The first aircraft with combat-capable Block 3.0 software flew in 2001. Increment 2, the first upgrade program, was implemented in 2005 for Block 20 aircraft onward and enabled the employment of Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM). Certification of the improved AN/APG-77(V)1 radar was completed in March 2007, and airframes from production Lot 5 onward are fitted with this radar, which incorporates air-to-ground modes. Increment 3.1 for Block 30 aircraft onward provided improved ground-attack capability through synthetic aperture radar mapping and radio emitter direction finding, electronic attack and Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) integration; testing began in 2009 and the first upgraded aircraft was delivered in 2011. To address oxygen deprivation issues, F-22s were fitted with an automatic backup oxygen system (ABOS) and modified life support system starting in 2012.
Increment 3.2 for Block 35 aircraft is a two-part upgrade process; 3.2A focuses on electronic warfare, communications and identification, while 3.2B includes geolocation improvements and a new stores management system to show the correct symbols for the AIM-9X and AIM-120D. To enable two-way communication with other platforms, the F-22 can use the Battlefield Airborne Communications Node (BACN) as a gateway. The planned Multifunction Advanced Data Link (MADL) integration was cut due to development delays and lack of proliferation among USAF platforms. The F-22 fleet is planned to start receiving Increment 3.2B as well as a software upgrade for cryptography capabilities and avionics stability in May 2019. A Multifunctional Information Distribution System-Joint (MIDS-J) radio that replaces the current Link-16 receive-only box is expected to be operational by 2020. Subsequent upgrades are also focusing on having an open architecture to enable faster future enhancements.
In 2024, funding is projected to begin for the F-22 mid-life upgrade (MLU), which is expected to include new sensors and antennas, hardware refresh, cockpit improvements, and a helmet mounted display and cuing system. Other enhancements being developed include IRST functionality for the AN/AAR-56 Missile Launch Detector (MLD) and more durable stealth coating based on the F-35's.
The F-22 was designed for a service life of 8,000 flight hours, with a $350 million "structures retrofit program". Investigations are being made for upgrades to extend their useful lives further. In the long term, the F-22 is expected to be superseded by a sixth-generation jet fighter to be fielded in the 2030s.
Design
Overview
The F-22 "Raptor" is a fifth-generation fighter that is considered fourth generation in stealth aircraft technology by the USAF. It is the first operational aircraft to combine supercruise, supermaneuverability, stealth, and sensor fusion in a single weapons platform. The F-22 has four empennage surfaces, retractable tricycle landing gear, and clipped delta wings with reverse trailing edge sweep and leading edge extensions running to the upper outboard corner of the inlets. Flight control surfaces include leading-edge flaps, flaperons, ailerons, rudders on the canted vertical stabilizers, and all-moving horizontal tails (stabilators); for speed brake function, the ailerons deflect up, flaperons down, and rudders outwards to increase drag.
The aircraft's dual Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 augmented turbofan engines are closely spaced and incorporate pitch-axis thrust vectoring nozzles with a range of ±20 degrees; each engine has maximum thrust in the 35,000 lbf (156 kN) class. The F-22's thrust-to-weight ratio at typical combat weight is nearly at unity in maximum military power and 1.25 in full afterburner. Maximum speed without external stores is approximately Mach 1.8 at military power and greater than Mach 2 with afterburners.
The F-22's high cruise speed and operating altitude over prior fighters improve the effectiveness of its sensors and weapon systems, and increase survivability against ground defenses such as surface-to-air missiles. The aircraft is among only a few that can supercruise, or sustain supersonic flight without using fuel-inefficient afterburners; it can intercept targets which subsonic aircraft would lack the speed to pursue and an afterburner-dependent aircraft would lack the fuel to reach. The F-22's thrust and aerodynamics enable regular combat speeds of Mach 1.5 at 50,000 feet (15,000 m). The use of internal weapons bays permits the aircraft to maintain comparatively higher performance over most other combat-configured fighters due to a lack of aerodynamic drag from external stores. The aircraft's structure contains a significant amount of high-strength materials to withstand stress and heat of sustained supersonic flight. Respectively, titanium alloys and composites comprise 39% and 24% of the structural weight.
The F-22's aerodynamics, relaxed stability, and powerful thrust-vectoring engines give it excellent maneuverability and energy potential across its flight envelope. The airplane has excellent high alpha (angle of attack) characteristics, capable of flying at trimmed alpha of over 60° while maintaining roll control and performing maneuvers such as the Herbst maneuver (J-turn) and Pugachev's Cobra. The flight control system and full-authority digital engine control (FADEC) make the aircraft highly departure resistant and controllable, thus giving the pilot carefree handling.
Stealth
The F-22 was designed to be highly difficult to detect and track by radar. Measures to reduce radar cross-section (RCS) include airframe shaping such as alignment of edges, fixed-geometry serpentine inlets and curved vanes that prevent line-of-sight of the engine faces and turbines from any exterior view, use of radar-absorbent material (RAM), and attention to detail such as hinges and pilot helmets that could provide a radar return. The F-22 was also designed to have decreased radio emissions, infrared signature and acoustic signature as well as reduced visibility to the naked eye. The aircraft's flat thrust-vectoring nozzles reduce infrared emissions of the exhaust plume to mitigate the threat of infrared homing ("heat seeking") surface-to-air or air-to-air missiles. Additional measures to reduce the infrared signature include special topcoat and active cooling of leading edges to manage the heat buildup from supersonic flight.
Compared to previous stealth designs like the F-117, the F-22 is less reliant on RAM, which are maintenance-intensive and susceptible to adverse weather conditions. Unlike the B-2, which requires climate-controlled hangars, the F-22 can undergo repairs on the flight line or in a normal hangar. The F-22 has a Signature Assessment System which delivers warnings when the radar signature is degraded and necessitates repair. While the F-22's exact RCS is classified, in 2009 Lockheed Martin released information indicating that from certain angles the aircraft has an RCS of 0.0001 m² or −40 dBsm – equivalent to the radar reflection of a "steel marble". Effectively maintaining the stealth features can decrease the F-22's mission capable rate to 62–70%.
The effectiveness of the stealth characteristics is difficult to gauge. The RCS value is a restrictive measurement of the aircraft's frontal or side area from the perspective of a static radar. When an aircraft maneuvers it exposes a completely different set of angles and surface area, potentially increasing radar observability. Furthermore, the F-22's stealth contouring and radar absorbent materials are chiefly effective against high-frequency radars, usually found on other aircraft. The effects of Rayleigh scattering and resonance mean that low-frequency radars such as weather radars and early-warning radars are more likely to detect the F-22 due to its physical size. However, such radars are also conspicuous, susceptible to clutter, and have low precision. Additionally, while faint or fleeting radar contacts make defenders aware that a stealth aircraft is present, reliably vectoring interception to attack the aircraft is much more challenging. According to the USAF an F-22 surprised an Iranian F-4 "Phantom II" that was attempting to intercept an American UAV, despite Iran's assertion of having military VHF radar coverage over the Persian Gulf.
Well, after giving Shirl a little too much lip over her capabilities as a barber she down tooled so I resolved to try and carry out the haircut myself. I had last been the the barbers in early March so I was a long way overdue. The faces I am pulling can only be put down to concentration and trepidation.
At a first glance the results don't look too bad, but what you can't see is the state I made of the back of my neck. Shots taken at arms length with my iPhone.
Explored Aug 24, 2008 #322
ALL MY PHOTOGRAPHS are ALL RIGHTS RESERVED and are COPYRIGHT © solely to me. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission from me.
The Antonov An-2 Colt (Russian nickname: kukuruznik - a kolkhoz maize worker also nicknamed Annushka; in Lithuania – Anton; in Germany - Anna) is the largest single-engine biplane ever produced in the World, which first flew in 31 August 1947 and was the first plane designed by O. Antonov. It is used as a light transport, capable of carrying 12 passengers, and for parachute drops and agricultural work. Its extraordinary slow-flight and STOL capabilities make it supremely suited for short, unimproved fields. The Guinness Book of World Records states that the 45-year production run for the An-2 was the longest ever, for any aircraft.
Guemes Channel - Sea Trials
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Story Number: NNS160225-13Release Date: 2/25/2016 3:05:00 PM
ANACORTES, Wash. (NNS) -- The Navy's Auxiliary General Purpose Oceanographic Research Vessel (AGOR), R/V Sally Ride (AGOR 28), successfully completed Builder's Trials, Feb. 21, off the coast of Anacortes.
Builder's Trials for Sally Ride tested various shipboard systems and ensured readiness prior to conducting Acceptance Trials with the U.S. Navy's Board of Inspection and Survey.
The propulsion system, mission-over-the-side handling equipment, anchor handling system, and work/rescue boat launch system were among the systems successfully demonstrated.
"R/V Sally Ride performed remarkably well during Builder's Trials these past few weeks," said Mike Kosar, program manager for Support Ships, Boats, and Craft. "Our entire Navy and shipbuilder team have done an outstanding job in preparing the vessel for upcoming acceptance trials."
Based on a single-hull commercial design, R/V Sally Ride is approximately 238 feet long and incorporates the latest technologies, including high-efficiency diesel engines, emissions controls for stack gasses, and new information technology tools both for monitoring shipboard systems and for communicating with the world. Oceanographic Research Vessels provide scientists with the tools and capabilities to support ongoing research, including in the Atlantic, Western Pacific and Indian Ocean regions across a wide variety of missions.
Upon delivery, the ship will be operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography under a charter party agreement with Office of Naval Research. The vessel has accommodations for 24 scientists and will operate with a crew of 20.
This is the second ship of its class built by Dakota Creek Industries. The shipbuilder also constructed R/V Neil Armstrong (AGOR 27), which delivered to the Navy in September 2015.As one of the Defense Department's largest acquisition organizations, PEO Ships is responsible for executing the development and procurement of all destroyers, amphibious ships, special mission and support ships, and boats and craft.
The Neil Armstrong-class of research vessels are modern research vessels based on a commercial design, capable of integrated, interdisciplinary, general purpose oceanographic research in coastal and deep ocean areas. The Neil Armstrong-class will feature a modern suite of oceanographic equipment, state of the art acoustic equipment capable of mapping the deepest parts of the oceans, advanced over-the-side handling gear to deploy and retrieve scientific instruments, emissions controls for stack gasses, and new information technology tools both for monitoring shipboard systems and for communicating with land-based sites worldwide. Enhanced modular onboard laboratories and extensive science payload capacity will provide the ships with the flexibility to meet a wide variety of oceanographic research challenges in the coming decades.
U.S. Navy research vessels being built at Dakota Creek Industries in Anacortes will be named after Neil Armstrong & Sally Ride
Mission: Integrated, interdisciplinary, general purpose oceanographic research in coastal and deep ocean areas.Oceanographic sampling and data collection of surface, midwater, sea floor, and sub-bottom parameters.
Quantity: Two (2)
User: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (AGOR 27),
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (AGOR 28)
Ship Names: R/V Neil Armstrong (AGOR 27)
R/V Sally Ride (AGOR 28)
Builder: Dakota Creek Industries, Inc.
Contract: FFP (Firm Fixed Price)
Contract Value: $177.4M
ROM Unit Cost: $74.1 M (lead), $71.0M (follow)
Key Characteristics:
• Hull Material Steel; Aluminum pilothouse
• Length 238 ft
• Beam (Max) 50 ft
• Draft 15 ft
• Displacement 3043 LT (Full Load)
• Sustained Speed 12 kts
• Range 10,545 nm
• Endurance 40 days
• Propulsion 4 x 1044 kW Diesels, 2 x 879 kW Electric
Propulsion Motors, 2 x Controllable Pitch
Propellers, Bow & Stern Thrusters
• Accommodations 20 crew, 24 science berths
• ABS Classed/ABS Designed to ABS !A1 Circle E, !AMS
A Boxer ARM replaces an APC module on a second Boxer, displaying the capabilities of the modular system in the field.
The Boxer is a modular design, consisting of a base vehicle that houses the engine compartment and driver in the long, sloped front. Right behind that, depending on the need of vehicles and their roles, various mission modules can be fitted. Modules can be swapped rapidly and this can even be done in the field with minimal equipment.
The Boxer is the backbone of ZEUS' mechanized infantry and has been in the alliances service since before its founding, where its early versions (A0-A3) served with the German and Dutch forces. Other countries that adopted the vehicle later on were Lithuania, Australia and the UK. ZEUS Boxers are all A4/5 iterations and are constantly upgraded to maximize their capability.
The Boxer is one of my oldest models and I've had one built in one form or another since about 2010 - and even that wasn't the earliest version, I just don't remember what year the previous ones were done. I've had these latest iterations for some time now, and finally got around to taking pictures. The main changes are an overall more stable design and a much more true-to-life design for the different modules. On previous versions, only the 'roof' was changed, so to speak. On this version, the rear modules are fully enclosed.
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This is part of a joint upload with the usual suspects, so go check their models out too!
Listen 🙏
Off/ On 📷
Wave
Taking pictures a tool (camera), not a photographer.
The choice of tool limits the possibilities.
Experience allows him (instrument) less and less to limit their capabilities.
The ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
The moment of observation is the real find ...
Training and mastering it defies. Training leads to poor imitations of the original.
Often the result should ripen, like wine. Although time is the understanding of the mind, therefore it is very speculative.
The meaning of all this is the process!
Find someone who inspires shooting the camera!
www.instagram.com/listenwave_photography/
Often we are visited by thoughts that may reveal something unknown ... Our mind many times tries to solve a problem with known methods ... This is its main mistake! The path of the heart opens the doors that appear in our path. It is a pity that not everyone has the courage to insert the keys that are always with us ...
(Listenwave- 圣彼得堡). #Lakhta. #Listenvawe #Light. This small village on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, about 15 km north-west of the city, is the birthplace of human settlements on the banks of the Neva. It was in the territory of Lakhta that the remains of a man’s camp of three thousand years ago were found.
In official documents, the settlement named Lakhta has been dating since 1500. The name is derived from the Finnish-language word lahti - "bay". It is one of the few settlements that has not changed its name throughout its 500-year history. It is also known as Lahes, Lahes-by, Lahes and was originally inhabited by Izhora. In the last decades of the 15th century, Lakhta was a village (which indicates a significant number of its population) and was the center of the same name of the Grand-Ducal volost, which was part of the Spassko-Gorodensky pogost of Orekhovsky district of Vodskaya Pyatina. In the village there were 10 yards with 20 people (married men). In Lakhta, on average, there were 2 families each, and the total population of the village probably reached 75 people.
From the marks on the fields of the Swedish scribal book of the Spassky Pogost of 1640, it follows that the lands along the lower reaches of the Neva River and part of the coast of the Gulf of Finland, including Lakhta Karelia, Perekulyu (from the Finnish "back village", probably because of its position relative to Lakhta) and Konduya Lakhtinsky, was granted royal charter on January 15, 1638, to the possession of the Stockholm dignitary, General Rickshulz Bernhard Sten von Stenhausen, of Dutch origin. On October 31, 1648, the Swedish government granted these lands to the city of Nuena (Nyenskansu). With the arrival of the Swedes in the Neva region, Lakhta was settled by the Finns, who until the middle of the 20th century constituted the absolute majority of the villagers.
On December 22, 1766, Catherine 2 granted the Lakhta manor, which at that time belonged to the Office of the Chancellery from the buildings of palaces and gardens, "in which and in her villages with yard people 208 souls" to her favorite, Count Orlov. Not later than 1768 Count J.A. Bruce took possession of the estate. In 1788, the Lakhta manor with its wooden services on dry land (high place) and the villages of Lakhta, Dubki, Lisiy Nos and Konnaya, also on dry land, were listed there, in those villages of male peasants 238 souls. On May 1, 1813, Lakhta was taken over by the landlords of the Yakovlevs. On October 5, 1844, Count A. I. Stenbok-Fermor took possession of the Lakhta estate, in which there were then 255 male souls. This genus was the owner of the estate until 1912, when his last representative got into debt and the nobility was established over the estate. On October 4, 1913, the count, in order to pay off his debts, was forced to go into incorporation, and the Lakhta estate became the property of the Lakht Joint-Stock Company of Stenbock-Fermor and Co.
After the revolution, Lakhta was left to itself for some time; on May 19, 1919, in the former estate of the Stenbock-Fermor estate, the Lakhta sightseeing station was opened, which lasted until 1932. In the early 1920s, sand mining began on the Lakhta beaches, and the abandoned and dilapidated peat-bedding plant of the Lakhta estate in 1922 took the Oblzmotdel department under its jurisdiction and launched it after major repairs. In 1963, the village of Lakhta was included in the Zhdanovsky (Primorsky) district of Leningrad (St. Petersburg).
Arnold Research Organization (ARO) designed and operated Arnold Center until 1980. My dad began working there in 1953 until he retired in early 90s. He is 98 1/2 and as sharp as ever. Here's a bit of history on AEDC / ARO:
Arnold AFB (Air Force Base) began as Camp Forrest, an Army training camp during WWII. Camp Forrest's training facilities included William Northern Field, used for training Army Air Force pilots. Camp Forrest was secured after the war by the new Air Force as the site for the Air Engineering Development Center in 1949, and named the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) in honor of General Henry "Hap" Arnold, one of the founding fathers of the US Air Force and a five-star general.
AEDC was created to be the primary jet and rocket development for the Air Force, and developed the premier flight, jet, rocket, and simulation testing in the world. The Jet Age of the 1950s and 1960s, and Space Race kept pushing the AEDC to expand their capabilities. [In the early 50s, my mom, dad, and father-in-law began working at the Center - the dads were engineers and my mom was a secretary for the Air Force Generals.] The AEDC was instrumental to the development of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs, including testing space capsules, the Saturn V rocket upper stage engines. The main function of the AEDC was to test military aircraft and missiles. In the 1970s, systems for the Space Shuttle, F-15 Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, A-10 Thunderbolt, MX missile, Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and Global Positioning Satellite system were tested by the AEDC. Arnold's testing in more recent years has included systems of the Patriot Air Defense Missile, F-117A Nighthawk, and other vital defense systems. Source: www.arnoldafbhousing.com/history
testing out the macro capabilities of the USSR Helios 44M 58 mm f 2.0 (( Helios 44M on Voigtländer VM-E close focus adapter on Sony a7rii ))
A squad of infantry accompany an m-53/e 'Medve' through a Prilepi village in the Szelást region, circa Sept.-Oct., 1958.
With the exponential rise in possible penetration possible with postwar guns and ammunition and the introduction of guided anti-tank missiles, the Grópac GariComm began Projekt-279 in the fall of 1949. Experiments with composite armour began quickly, and it was decided on a composite steel-lead-steel layered armour. This would introduce a massive weight increase, and the subsequent restrictions involved required an entire reworking of the chassis, eventually resulting in a crew compartment entirely within the turret ring and four separate track lengths. This would offset the weight as well as give it a ground pressure lower than many contemporary main battle tanks resulting in excellent off-road capabilities, if the speed was reduced to a meager 35Kph (much lower than contemporary MBTs). It would be given an absolutely massive 13.5cm rifled cannon and coaxial 8mm machinegun, and also sported a rooftop 7.8mm HMG for anti-soft-target use.
Designated the Szuper-Nhéz Harckocsi modell 53 upon introduction, it would serve in the higher echelons in Grópa's military, almost exclusively within the Guards divisions. The '/e' variant would denote those vehicles produced before the collapse of the Central Pact.
They would see service in the 1958 Prilep Crisis, particularly Grópa's annexation of the border region of Szelást and would crush the Prilepi resistance (armoured or otherwise) handily.
A somewhat outdated model, the 'Medve' is still in use and undergoing minor modernizations throughout the Grópac armed forces.
Posted in conjunction with and developed alongside
The whole video can be viewed heret: youtu.be/Ujq7G3tqEBc
Still putting the GX85's video capabilities to the test. :)
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My USNC entry to the Lego Halo Contest.
The Panther was built as an anti-vehicle platform for the SPARTAN Laser and as a test bed for smaller-scale applications of the Scorpion MBT's independent tread suspension. The Panther's speed, stability, and all-terrain capabilities make it a favorite among USNC ground troops.
My first really good outcome of an insect shot. Still no macro lens, but I'm happy with this lens' capabilities.
Testing the capabilities of a 13 year old Fujifilm X-Pro1 while hounding my daughter at the grocery store.
During the mid-1970s, Yugoslavia began the process of trying to revitalize its light armor capabilities after studying the maneuverability and firepower of the Soviet VDV. During the JNA's intensive interaction with the Soviet airborne forces, the Yugoslavian brass gained a particular soft spot for the Soviet's air-mobile assault gun, the ASU-85. After purchasing three specimens for further study, the Yugoslavs began manufacturing a domestic copy of the design in the early '80s, albeit with some significant modifications.
The most substantial change came with upgrading the gun from an 85mm to a 120mm smoothbore. The upping of the design's firepower came from the understanding that most armored fighting vehicles would have too much baseline and applique armor for an 85mm to be relevant. However, the increase in gun size came with a decrease in magazine size. Whereas later models of the Soviet ASU-85 could still carry thirty-nine rounds, the M-120 can only carry twenty-nine. Furthermore, the larger gun and heavier ammunition meant that the puny V6 engine had to be upgraded to a V8. Although crews of the vehicle have come to love the raw power that the bigger engine provides, they decry the monstrous fuel consumption which led to external fuel tanks being permanently added to the vehicle's rear.
Despite all the trade-offs and dated casemate design, the Porewit has become a legendary defender of the Socialist Republic. Because of its relatively low profile and grotesque glacis (and indeed thickened frontal armor), the -120 is the perfect vehicle for conducting defensive ops against intruding armored forces as it can deflect rounds with ease and return with a bite just as fierce. Whereas the West (and later the Soviet Union) was belittling turretless AFVs per the case of the Swedish Stridsvagn 103, Yugoslavia was embracing them. Especially after the Porewit generated a tremendous kill record during the Wars of Dissolution.
Still, even with all of these successes, the M-120 faces one of the cruelest twists of irony: it has never fulfilled its essence. The whole purpose of introducing the Porewit was to have an airborne tank in the JNA; however, because of Yugoslavia's meager air corps, there have never been aircraft big enough to carry the M-120 into the skies. Thus, the expeditionary vehicle has languished in a Camusian identity crisis as it serves as Yugoslavia's third-rate MBT.
Huge shout-out to my boy Evan Melick for helping me with some of the more frustrating aspects of the design and putting up with the tantrums this thing ignited.
"He's downwind ... he has the scent. Claw extrusion ... right hand. Some blood evident."
"We need some kind of terminals there ... something to keep the flesh apart. Make a note, Hines."
"Yes, Doctor."
('Weapon X' / 'Wolverine' by ToyBiz / Marvel Legends)
Diorama by RK
SOUTH CHINA SEA (May 27, 2017) The guided-missile destroyer USS Dewey (DDG 105) transits the South China Sea with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ship JS Izumo (DDH 183). Dewey is part of the Sterett-Dewey Surface Action Group and is the third deploying group operating under the command and control construct called 3rd Fleet Forward. U.S. 3rd Fleet operating forward offers additional options to the Pacific Fleet commander by leveraging the capabilities of 3rd and 7th Fleets. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Kryzentia Weiermann/ Released)
Well OK. This one should remove any doubts about the capabilities of some equipment. This image is shown with no processing except cropping. No adjustments...a rarity for me. The photo was made handheld, leaning out over a pond to get close to this dragonfly.
No tripod, no extension tubes, no teleconverter, no flash...and no 'image stabilization'. Just internal camera settings, and a big deep breath before shooting.
Tags show the equipment and exposure settings. (If you are looking for a moderately price macro lens, you ought to give this one some consideration.)
A tactics and capabilities demonstration from the Timorese national police's UIR (Rapid Intervention Unit), in cooperation with the Bangladeshi Formed Police Unit, at Tacitolu shooting range in Dili, Timor-Leste.
Photo ID 452384. 25/09/2009. Dili, Timor-Leste. UN Photo/Martine Perret. www.unmultimedia.org/photo/
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A400M Atlas C.Mk 1, Entering operational service with the Royal Air Force in 2014, Atlas provides tactical airlift and strategic oversize lift capabilities complementing those of the Hercules and C-17 fleets. Atlas has the ability to carry a 37-tonne payload over 2,000nm to established and remote civilian and military airfields, and short unprepared or semi-prepared strips. Capable of operating at altitudes up to 40,000ft, Atlas also offers impressive low-level capability. It will accommodate as many as 116 fully-equipped troops; vehicles; helicopters, including a Chinook; mixed loads, including nine aircraft pallets and 54 passengers, or combinations of vehicles, pallets and personnel, up to a payload of 37 tonnes. Loads are delivered by parachute, gravity extraction from the aircraft’s rear ramp (influenced by the cargo’s own weight), or by landing. Paratroops will be dropped from the aircraft’s dedicated paratroop doors, or from the rear ramp. The Atlas is operated by two pilots and a Weapons Systems Operator (Crewman) (WSOp (Cmn)).In 1982, France’s Aerospatiale, British Aerospace, West Germany’s Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) and Lockheed in the US, established the Future International Military Airlifter (FIMA) group to define and develop a replacement for the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and Transall C.160 in wide scale service. Little progress was made as industrial and political differences complicated the group’s intentions and in 1989 Lockheed withdrew, ultimately to develop the C-130J Hercules, now in RAF service as the Hercules C4 and C5. Italy’s Alenia and Spain’s CASA subsequently joined Aerospatiale, BAe and Deutsche Aerospace (DASA, which had bought MBB in 1989), creating the European Future Large Aircraft (FLA) Group (Euroflag) on June 17, 1991. Work to define the FLA requirement continued as DASA became first Daimler-Benz Aerospace Airbus and then DaimlerChrysler in 1998, while Belgian and Turkish industry also joined the programme. In 1995 is was announced that the Airbus Military Company would be established to take industrial responsibility for the FLA, but in 1997 much of the programme’s government funding was withdrawn, while Germany explored the possibility of working with Ukraine’s Antonov to create a variant of the An-70 to satisfy its airlift needs. By 1999, the idea of a Westernised An-70 had been dismissed, however.
Meanwhile, an international FLA request for proposals (RFP), dated from September 1997, was issued in January 1999, while an alternative Future Transport Aircraft RFP had emerged the previous July. Airbus Military delivered the A400M design proposal in February 1999 and this complex situation was resolved on July 27, 2000, when Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Turkey and the UK announced their acceptance of the A400M proposal. The programme’s European component was agreed by the Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d’Armement (OCCAR) and work proceeded under a 2003 contract. OCCAR is the contract holder on behalf of the European nations, while sales outside the organisation, to Malaysia, for example, are handled directly with Airbus Defence and Space as Airbus Military has since become. As a complex international military aircraft programme employing a brand new, multi-national powerplant, A400M development was never going to be entirely plain sailing. Technological and industrial-political issues affected the programme, especially as Airbus underwent a major internal restructure, pushing back delivery timelines. However, the concept was good and the partners persevered such that when the first A400M took the type’s maiden flight on December 11, 2009, it ushered in a new era of airlift capability. Subsequent software issues have been overcome, while a widely publicised but largely misunderstood fleet-wide grounding after a propeller gearbox problem was discovered in 2016 was overcome successfully in co-operation with the manufacturer. Indeed, while unfortunate, it actually served to demonstrate just how robust the A400M engineering and support system has become, so early in the aircraft’s operational lifetime. With its combination of moderately swept wings and powerful turboprop engines, the A400M is considerably more fuel efficient at lower altitudes than the turbofan C-17, yet faster at higher altitudes than the superlative Hercules. Its capacious hold and excellent payload also place it between the C-17 and Hercules in lifting capability, yet it will ultimately offer all the rough field and tactical flexibility of the latter. By summer 2017, No. LXX Sqn was employing the A400M globally in its strategic capacity, while No. XXIV Sqn was delivering trained crews alongside its C-17 and Hercules output. Meanwhile, No. 206 (Reserve) Heavy Aircraft Test & Evaluation Squadron was busily extending and clearing the type’s tactical capability, including natural surface runway and load-dropping trials. The RAF expects to take the last of 22 aircraft on order around 2021, with full operational capability in the tactical role declared soon after. Airbus’s test crews nicknamed the A400M ‘Grizzly’ during the predelivery trials phase, but the RAF has adopted a name suggested by then Chief of the Air Staff Sir Stephen Dalton and the type is officially known as ‘Atlas’, while the term ‘A400’ is more commonly heard in use at its RAF Brize Norton base.
Source of information:-
As the U.S. Air Forces in Europe's only F-15 fighter wing, RAF Lakenheath brings unique air combat capabilities to the fight, such as the most advanced Joint Direct Attack Munitions used by the F-15E. RAF Lakenheath provides all-weather, day or night air superiority and air-to-ground precision combat capability and multi-staged improvement program avionics.
1. Taking pictures a tool (camera), not a photographer.
2. The choice of tool limits the possibilities.
3. Experience allows him (instrument) less and less to limit their capabilities.
4. The ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
5. The moment of observation is the real find ...
6. Training and mastering it defies. Training leads to poor imitations of the original.
7. Often the result should ripen, like wine. Although time is the understanding of the mind, therefore it is very speculative.
8. The meaning of all this is the process!
9. Let it be!
youtu.be/2pQrWPpUN1U
www.facebook.com/oleg.pivovarchik.1971
listenwave.smugmug.com
#FilmOFone
See my story about this #Flickr secret Секрет продвижения во Flickr фотография с Фовеонычем
Панорама - пейзажная фотография как снимать с Фовеонычем и Квадрокоптером DJI Air 2s
Taking pictures a tool (camera), not a photographer.
The choice of tool limits the possibilities.
Experience allows him (instrument) less and less to limit their capabilities.
The ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
The moment of observation is the real find ...
Training and mastering it defies. Training leads to poor imitations of the original.
Often the result should ripen, like wine. Although time is the understanding of the mind, therefore it is very speculative.
The meaning of all this is the process!
Find someone who inspires shooting the camera!
www.instagram.com/listenwave_photography/
Often we are visited by thoughts that may reveal something unknown ... Our mind many times tries to solve a problem with known methods ... This is its main mistake! The path of the heart opens the doors that appear in our path. It is a pity that not everyone has the courage to insert the keys that are always with us ...
(Listenwave- 圣彼得堡)
Lakhta .This small village on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, about 15 km northwest of the city, is home to human settlements on the banks of the Neva. It was on the territory of Lakhta that the remains of a man’s parking site of three thousand years ago were found.
In official documents, a settlement named Lakhta dates back to 1500. The name is derived from the Finnish-speaking word lahti - "bay". This is one of the few settlements that has not changed its name throughout its 500-year history. Also known as Laches, Lahes-by, Lahes and was originally inhabited by Izhora. In the last decades of the 15th century, Lakhta was a village (which indicates a significant population) and was the center of the eponymous grand-parish volost, which was part of the Spassko-Gorodensky graveyard of the Orekhovsky district of the Vodskaya Pyatina. In the village, there were 10 courtyards with 20 people (married men). In Lakhta, on average, there were 2 families per yard, and the total population of the village probably reached 75 people.
From the notes on the margins of the Swedish scribe book of the Spassky graveyard of 1640, it follows that the lands along the lower reaches of the Neva River and parts of the Gulf of Finland, including Lakhta Karelskaya, Perekulya (from the Finnish “back village”, probably because of its position relative to Lakhti) and Konduy Lakhtinsky, were royal by letter of honor on January 15, 1638 transferred to the possession of the Stockholm dignitary, Rickschulz general Bernhard Sten von Stenhausen, a Dutchman by birth. On October 31, 1648, the Swedish government granted these lands to the city of Nyuen (Nyenschanz). With the arrival of the Swedes in Prievye, Lakhta was settled by the Finns, who until the middle of the 20th century made up the vast majority of the villagers.
On December 22, 1766, Catherine 2 granted Lakhta Manor, which was then in the Office of the Chancellery from the buildings of palaces and gardens, "in which and in her villages with courtyards 208 souls," her favorite Count Orlov. Not later than 1768, Count J.A. Bruce took over the estate. In 1788, Lakhta Manor was listed behind him with wooden services on a dry land (high place) and the villages Lakhta, Dubki, Lisiy Nos and Konnaya belonging to it also on dry land, in those villages of male peasants 238 souls. On May 1, 1813, Lakhta passed into the possession of the landowners of the Yakovlevs. On October 5, 1844, Count A.I. Stenbok-Fermor entered into the possession of the Lakhtinsky estate, which then had 255 male souls. This clan was the owner of the estate until 1912, when its last representative got into debt and noble custody was established over the estate. On October 4, 1913, in order to pay off his debts, he was forced to go for corporatization, and the Lakhta estate passed into the ownership of the Joint Stock Company “Lakhta” of Count Stenbock-Fermor and Co.
After the revolution, Lakhta was left on its own for a while, here on the former estate of the counts Stenbock-Fermorov on May 19, 1919, the Lakhta excursion station was opened, which existed there until 1932. In the early 1920s, sand mining began on Lakhta beaches, and the abandoned and dilapidated peat plant of the Lakhta estate in 1922 took over the Oblzemotdel and put it into operation after major repairs. In 1963, the village of Lakhta was included in the Zhdanovsky (Primorsky) district of Leningrad (St. Petersburg).
At the beginning of Lakhtinsky Prospekt, on the banks of the Lakhtinsky spill, there was the village of Rakhilax (Rahilax-hof, Rahila, Rokhnovo). Most likely, under this name only one or several courtyards are designated. There is an assumption that the name of the village was formed from the Finnish raahata - “drag, drag,” because there could be a place for transportation through the isthmus of the Lakhtinsky spill (we should not forget that not only the bridge over the channel connecting the spill with the Gulf of Finland was not yet here, the duct itself was many times wider than the current one). The search book of the Spassko-Gorodensky graveyard of 1573, describing the Lakhta lands, mentions that there were 2 lodges in the “Rovgunov” village, from which we can conclude that we are talking about the village of Rohilaks, which the Russian scribes remade into a more understandable to them Rovgunovo. The village was empty in Swedish time and was counted as a wasteland of the village of Lahta.
On the banks of the Lakhtinsky spill, near the confluence of the Yuntolovka River, from the 17th century there existed the village of Bobylka (Bobylskaya), which merged into the village of Olgino only at the beginning of the 20th century, but was found on maps until the 1930s. It is probably the Search Book that mentions it Spassko-Gorodensky churchyard in 1573 as a village "in Lakhta in Perekui", behind which there was 1 obzh. With the arrival of the Swedes by royal letter on January 15, 1638, the village was transferred to the possession of the Stockholm dignitary, Rickshaw General Bernhard Sten von Stenhausen, a Dutchman by birth. On October 31, 1648, the Swedish government granted Lahti lands to the city of Nyuen (Nyenschanz). On the Swedish map of the 1670s, in the place of the village of Bobylsky, the village of Lahakeülä is marked (küla - the village (Fin.)). The village could subsequently be called Bobyl from the Russian word "bobyl."
The owners of Bobylskaya were both Count Orlov, and Count Y. A. Bruce, and the landowners Yakovlev. In 1844, Count A.I. Stenbok-Fermor entered into the possession of the Lakhtinsky estate (which included the village of Bobyl). This family was the owner of the estate until 1913, when the owners, in order to pay off their debts, had to go for corporatization, and the Lakhta estate was transferred to the ownership of the Lakhta Joint-Stock Company of Count Stenbock-Fermor and Co. By the middle of the 20th century, the village merged with the village of Lakhta.
The name Konnaya Lakhta (Konnaya) has been known since the 16th century, although earlier it sounded like Konduya (Konduya Lakhtinskaya) or just Kondu (from the Finnish kontu - courtyard, manor). Subsequently, this name was replaced by the more familiar Russian ear with the word "Horse". In the Search Book of the Spassko-Gorodensky Pogost in 1573, it is mentioned as the village "on Kovdui", where 1 obzh was listed, which indicates that there most likely was one yard. On January 15, 1638, together with neighboring villages, it was transferred to the possession of the Stockholm dignitary, Rickschulz General Bernhard Steen von Stenhausen, of Dutch origin. On October 31, 1648, the Swedish government granted these lands to the city of Nyuen (Nyenschanz). In a deed of gift, Konduya Lakhtinskaya is called a village, which indicates a noticeable increase in its population. Later, on the Swedish map of the 1670s, on the site of the present Horse Lahti, the village of Konda-bai is marked (by - village (sv)).
The owners of Konnaya Lakhta, as well as the villages of Bobylskaya and Lakhta, were in turn Count Orlov, Count Ya. A. Bruce, and the landowners Yakovlev. In 1844, Count A.I. Stenbok-Fermor entered the possession of the Lakhta estate (which included Konnaya Lakhta. This family was the owner of the estate until 1913, when the owners had to go to corporations to pay off their debts, and the Lakhta estate became the property of Lakhta Joint Stock Company of Count Stenbock-Fermor and Co. In 1963, Horse Lahta was included in the Zhdanov (Primorsky) district of Leningrad (St. Petersburg).
As the dacha village of Olgino appeared at the end of the 19th century and initially consisted of both Olgin itself and the villages of Vladimirovka (now part of Lisiy Nos) and Aleksandrovka. In the first half of the 18th century, this territory was part of the Verpelev palace estate, which in the second half of the 18th century was granted to Count G. G. Orlov, then it was owned by the family of landowners the Yakovlevs, in the middle of the 19th century the estate was transferred to the counts of Stenbock-Fermor. In 1905 A.V. Stenbok-Fermor, the then owner of Lakhta lands, divided the lands around Lakhta into separate plots with the intention of selling them profitably for dachas. So there were the villages of Olgino (named after the wife of Olga Platonovna), Vladimirovka (in honor of the father of the owner; the coastal part of the modern village of Lisy Nos) and Alexandrov or Aleksandrovskaya (in honor of Alexander Vladimirovich himself). It is likely that on the site of the village was the village of Olushino (Olushino odhe) - a search book of the Spassko-Gorodensky churchyard in 1573 mentions that there were 1 obzh in the village of Olushkov’s, which suggests that at least one residential the yard. On behalf of Olushka (Olpherius). Most likely, the village was deserted in Swedish time and then was already listed as a wasteland belonging to the village of Lahta. Thus, the name of the village could be given in harmony with the name of the mistress and the old name of the village.
The villages were planned among a sparse pine forest (the layout was preserved almost unchanged), so there were more amenities for living and spending time there than in Lakhta. A park was set up here, a summer theater, a sports ("gymnastic") playground, a tennis court, and a yacht club were arranged.
In the 1910s about 150 winter cottages were built in Olgino, many of which are striking monuments of "summer cottage" architecture. In 1963, the village of Olgino was included in the Zhdanovsky (Primorsky) district of Leningrad (St. Petersburg).
Near Olgino, in the area of the Dubki park, there was a small village Verpeleva (Verpelevo), which consisted of only a few yards. In the first half of the XVIII century. this territory was part of the palace estate "Verpeleva", which in the second half of the XVIII century. It was granted to Count G. G. Orlov, then passed to the Counts of Stenbock-Fermor. The village has not existed for a long time, but the entire reed-covered peninsula (barely protruding above the water of the Verpier-Luda peninsula (Verper Luda (from the Finnish luoto - “small rocky island”)) still existed, and there was another spelling the name of this island is Var Pala Ludo).
Kamenka. The Novgorod scribal book mentions two villages in the Lakhta region with a similar name, referring to the possessions of Selivan Zakharov, son of Okhten, with his son and 5 other co-owners. On the lands of this small patrimony, which, unlike the estate was inherited, peasants lived in 3 villages, including: the village "Kamenka in Lakhta near the sea" in 5 yards with 5 people and arable land in 1,5 obzhi, the village "on Kamenka "in 2 courtyards with 2 people and arable land in 1 obzhu. For the use of land, the peasants paid the owners of the patrimony 16 money and gave 1/3 of the rye harvest. Thus, in the 16th century on the Kamenka River (another name for the Kiviyoki River, which is the literal translation of kivi - "stone", joki - "river") there was one large village of Kamenka near its confluence with the Lakhtinsky spill and the second, smaller, somewhere upstream. On the drawing of Izhora land in 1705, a village under this name is depicted in the area of the modern village of Kamenka. The village of Kamennaya in the middle reaches of Kamenka and on the map of 1792 is designated. Other name options are Kaumenkka, Kiviaja.
In the second half of the 18th century, Kamenka became a vacation spot for Russian Germans. Here in 1865, German colonists founded their "daughter" colony on leased land. Since then, the village has received the name Kamenka Colony (so called until the 1930s). In 1892, a colony near the village of Volkovo "budded" from it. The inhabitants of both colonies belonged to the Novo-Saratov parish and since 1871 had a prayer house in Kamenka, which was visited by 250 people. He maintained a school for 40 students. The house was closed in 1935 and later demolished.
Currently, Kamenka exists as a holiday village, located along the road to Levashovo. Since 1961 - in the city, part of the planning area in the North-West, from the mid-1990s. built up with multi-storey residential buildings and cottages.
Volkovo. The settlement is about southeast of the village of Kamenka - on the old road to Kamenka, on the bank of a stream that flows into Kamenka between the village of Kamenka and the Shuvalovsky quarry. In 1892, a German colony emerged on the territory of the village, "budding" from a nearby colony in the village of Kamenka. The origin of Volkovo is not clear, the village is found only on maps of 1912, 1930, 1939, 1943. and probably appeared no earlier than the 19th century.
Kolomyagi. Scribe books of the XV — XVI centuries and Swedish plans testify that small settlements already existed on the site of Kolomyag. Most likely, these were first Izhora or Karelian, then Finnish farms, which were empty during the hostilities of the late XVII century.
The name "Kolomyag" connoisseurs decipher in different ways. Some say that it came from the "colo" - in Finnish cave and "pulp" - a hill, a hill. The village is located on the hills, and such an interpretation is quite acceptable. Others look for the root of the name in the Finnish word "koaa" - bark - and believe that trees were processed here after felling. Another version of the origin of the name from the Finnish "kello" is the bell, and it is associated not with the feature of the mountain, but with the "bell on the mountain" - a tower with a signal bell standing on a hill.
The owners of Kolomyazhsky lands were Admiral General A.I. Osterman, Count A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, a family of Volkonsky. In 1789, the Volkonskys sold these lands to retired colonel Sergei Savvich Yakovlev. On his estate S. S. Yakovlev built a manor and lived in it with his wife and seven daughters. The once-Finnish population of Kolomyag was “Russified” by that time - it was made up of descendants of serfs resettled by Osterman and Bestuzhev-Rumin from their villages in Central Russia (natives of the Volga and Galich) and Ukraine. Then the name "Kellomyaki" began to sound in Russian fashion - "Kolomyagi", although later the old name also existed, especially among local Finns. And not without reason the indigenous Kolomozhites associate their origin with the Volga places, and the southern half of the village is now called “Galician”.
Yakovlev died in 1818. Five years after his death, a division of the territory of the manor was made. The village of Kolomyagi was divided in half between two of his daughters. The border was the Bezymyanny stream. The southeastern part of the village of Kolomyagi beyond Bezymyanny creek and a plot on the banks of the Bolshaya Nevka passed to the daughter Ekaterina Sergeevna Avdulina.
Daughter Yakovleva Elena Sergeevna - the wife of General Alexei Petrovich Nikitin, a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, who was awarded the highest military orders and twice a gold sword with the inscription "For courage", died early, leaving her daughter Elizabeth. The northwestern part of Kolomyag inherited the young Elizabeth, so this part of Kolomyag was practically inherited by the father of Yakovlev’s granddaughter, Count A.P. Nikitin, who in 1832 became the owner of the entire village. It is his name that is stored in the names of the streets - 1st and 2nd Nikitinsky and Novo-Nikitinsky. The new owner built a stone mansion on the estate’s estate - an excellent example of classicism of the first third of the 19th century, which became his country house and has survived to this day and has been occupied until recently by the Nursing Home. It is believed that this mansion was built according to the project of the famous architect A.I. Melnikov. The severity and modesty of the architectural appearance of the facades and residential chambers of the Nikitin mansion was opposed by the splendor of ceremonial interiors, in particular the two-light dance hall with choirs for musicians. Unfortunately, with repeated alterations and repairs, many details of the decor and stucco emblems of the owners disappeared. Only two photographs of the 1920s and preserved fragments of ornamental molding and paintings on the walls and ceiling show the past richness of the decorative decoration of this architectural monument. The mansion was surrounded by a small park. In it stood a stone pagan woman brought from the southern steppes of Russia (transferred to the Hermitage), and a pond with a plakun waterfall was built. Near the pond there was a "walk of love" from the "paradise" apple trees - it was called so because the bride and groom passed through it after the wedding. Here, in the shadow of these apple trees, young lovers made appointments.
Under the Orlov-Denisov opposite the mansion (now Main Street, 29), the structures of an agricultural farm were erected, partially preserved to this day, and the greenhouse. Behind the farm were the master's fields. On them, as the New Time newspaper reported in August 1880, they tested the reaping and shearing machines brought from America.
In the 19th century, the provincial surveyor Zaitsev submitted for approval the highway called the Kolomyagskoye Shosse. The route was supposed to connect the village, gradually gaining fame as a summer residence of the "middle arm", with St. Petersburg. The construction of the road ended in the 1840s, and then horse-drawn and country-house crafts became the most important articles of peasant income. In addition, peasants either built small dachas in their yards, or rented their huts for the summer. Located away from the roads, surrounded by fields, the village was chosen by multi-family citizens.
The income from the summer cottage industry increased from year to year, which was facilitated by the summer movement of omnibuses that opened on the new highway from the City Council building. They walked four times a day, each accommodated 16 people, the fare cost 15 kopecks. Even when the Finnish Railway with the nearest Udelnaya station came into operation in 1870, the highway remained the main access road through which public carriages pulled by a trio of horses ran from the Stroganov (now Ushakovsky) bridge.
The United States Navy (USN) purchased the F-16 as an adversary aircraft to supplement the A-4 Skyhawk and F-5E Tiger II posing as enemy fighters. These aircraft participated in dissimilar air combat training (DACT) and emulated Soviet aircraft capabilities and tactics. The USN’s new aggressor fighter was based on the F-16C/D Block 30 and designated the F-16N. The aircraft has a strengthened wing and can carry an Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation (ACMI) pod on the starboard wingtip. The F-16N carried the APG-66 from the F-16A/B/ models, and the internal cannon was removed to save weight. It also carried an ALR-69 radar warning receiver and an ALE-40 chaff-flare dispenser. While the aircraft was fitted with the runway arrestor hooks of the USAF versions, it was not carrier capable.
In this image, an F-16N (serial number 86-1690) sits on the apron at NAS Key West next to a F/A-18C Hornet of the VFA-86 “Sidewinders.” The VF-45 “Black Birds” were established as Attack Squadron 45 (VA-45) on 15 February 1963, flying the A-4 Skyhawk. The Squadron was redesignated VF-45 on 7 February 1985 and disestablished on 31 March 1996. VF-45 was stationed at Naval Air Station Cecil Field and Naval Air Station Key West to provide air combat adversary services with TA-4F/J, F-5N, and F-16N aircraft.
Testing the exposure, low light and image stabilization capabilities of an iPhone 6+. For a mobile phone in challenging lighting and with low light shadows, it turned out really well!
Verizon says that I have to wiat for my iPhone 5S contract to run its course through next November to upgrade. I can't even buy the contract out. Technically I could probably go to another carrier and pay some early termination penalties to Verizon and transfer my phone number, but if I do the same thing and buy a phone at Verizon then end my contract on my iPhone 5S, they say in the Verizon store that I would lose my existing phone number.
It's like Verizon would rather see me go to another carrier for a while than sell me a new phone (and make a little extra revenue off of me in the process.
I've been in 2 Verizon stores and a Verizon reseller, plus online chatting with Customer Service at VerizonWireless.com trying to determine the options for the 4 lines we have. It's extremely confusing. I've already bought and cancelled an iPhone 6+ order as details of what we'd get and for how much seem to change.
I'd love to switch to Sprint, but we tried that a couple of years ago and they cancelled our "unlimited data" plan halfway into a 2 year contract and refused to finish out the contract. Now they ofer something similar, but if you read the small print, they give you a lower quality of service, so it's unlimited in volume at a snail's pace, so it's actually limited. Reduced bandwidth is also what you'll get if you look at the small print on their "50% of your current data plan charges" they're currently advertising.
I'd consider AT&T, but they don't have good coverage here in the Eastern Sierra, and rural coverage in general doesn't seem to be a high priority for them... not so great for landscape photography.
as an artist I experiment with different types of paints and their capabilities to grow into interesting forms on their own
I think this is the first time a pair of heavyweight transformers have been moved in one convoy in the UK?
Impressive logistical capabilities by Allely's.
We make each decision of our capabilities within our own reach and sometimes we can let that disappear without even noticing it leave.
Thats why im so thankful for photography.. It lets you create those moments that only exist in a split second in front of your eyes and nowhere else in the world.
Be who you are, express yourself, cook a new supper tomorrow, join a sewing class, take up a hobby like pottery or yoga or gardening, just let yourself find who you are ---you owe it to your soul to be happy.
Have a great day everyone.
Thanks again to the model for being so awesome.
WELL ENHANCER LWI / DIVE SUPPORT VESSEL
COILED TUBING CAPABILITIES, MONOHULL PERFORMANCE
The Well Enhancer is designed to minimize production downtime and provides cost effective well maintenance, production enhancement and well abandonment solutions. With 1,100m2 of main deck space and the ability to run rigid riser and coiled tubing, the vessel can also perform a range of well testing and production flowback services.
The vessel features a 150 Te multi-purpose tower (MPT), capable of deploying wireline and coiled-tubing. The vessel also features kill pumps and a 100 Te main crane and is currently capable of conducting LWI operations to a depth of 600m.
The DP3 Well Enhancer features a purpose built derrick over a 7m x 7m moonpool and has a travelling block rated to 150 Te capacity in passive mode.
The Well Enhancer’s 18 man saturation diving spread is rated to 300 m, and combined with the vessel’s work/observation class ROVs, provides for full IRM and light construction services and diving support for any tree systems which require manual intervention to facilitate LWI operations.
The Andrealphus is the first in the line of Advanced Vertical Combat Systems (AVCS), highly complex systems with limited production runs. In fact, the AVCS-01 is the only unit of its kind. Unfortunately, it was stolen from an EP Industries warehouse and is now believed to be owned by a leader in the growing anti-URE resistance movement.
The Andrealphus is a close-combat focused system, but is equipped with a rifle for longer ranged skirmishes. For melee weapons, it carries four vibrotech blades, two on its hips and two on its shoulders. In addition to being used individually, the shoulder blades can be combined into a longer weapon. It uses a more developed version of the GRF's biocarbon-laminate armor, which is resistant to most physical attacks. Reports show that since its capture, the Andrealphus has also been equipped with a backpack that allows for short jumps through the air as well as limited space-faring capabilities.
So I've had my eye on the new HG Grimgerde for a while now, and while I'm waiting for it to get to a cheap price on Amazon I decided to make a Lego build inspired by it. So yeah, the majority of the build is based on the Grimgerde, except for the unintentionally-Sinanju-looking backpack, which I think adds a lot to the look, but makes it slightly too back-heavy, causing the knee joints to fail all the time. Aside from those balance issues though, it's pretty poseable, although the shoulders can get in the way of the arms' outward motion. Also the cockpit doesn't feel sturdy at all, but it was difficult enough to get it as compact as it is.
Now that I've got this finished, I just need to tidy up my workspace a bit, then I'll get started on your guys' requested builds, so keep your eyes out for those!
Listen 🙏
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Wave
Taking pictures a tool (camera), not a photographer.
The choice of tool limits the possibilities.
Experience allows him (instrument) less and less to limit their capabilities.
The ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
The moment of observation is the real find ...
Training and mastering it defies. Training leads to poor imitations of the original.
Often the result should ripen, like wine. Although time is the understanding of the mind, therefore it is very speculative.
The meaning of all this is the process!
Find someone who inspires shooting the camera!
www.instagram.com/listenwave_photography/
Often we are visited by thoughts that may reveal something unknown ... Our mind many times tries to solve a problem with known methods ... This is its main mistake! The path of the heart opens the doors that appear in our path. It is a pity that not everyone has the courage to insert the keys that are always with us ...
(Listenwave- 圣彼得堡). #Lakhta. #Listenvawe #Light. This small village on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland, about 15 km north-west of the city, is the birthplace of human settlements on the banks of the Neva. It was in the territory of Lakhta that the remains of a man’s camp of three thousand years ago were found.
In official documents, the settlement named Lakhta has been dating since 1500. The name is derived from the Finnish-language word lahti - "bay". It is one of the few settlements that has not changed its name throughout its 500-year history. It is also known as Lahes, Lahes-by, Lahes and was originally inhabited by Izhora. In the last decades of the 15th century, Lakhta was a village (which indicates a significant number of its population) and was the center of the same name of the Grand-Ducal volost, which was part of the Spassko-Gorodensky pogost of Orekhovsky district of Vodskaya Pyatina. In the village there were 10 yards with 20 people (married men). In Lakhta, on average, there were 2 families each, and the total population of the village probably reached 75 people.
From the marks on the fields of the Swedish scribal book of the Spassky Pogost of 1640, it follows that the lands along the lower reaches of the Neva River and part of the coast of the Gulf of Finland, including Lakhta Karelia, Perekulyu (from the Finnish "back village", probably because of its position relative to Lakhta) and Konduya Lakhtinsky, was granted royal charter on January 15, 1638, to the possession of the Stockholm dignitary, General Rickshulz Bernhard Sten von Stenhausen, of Dutch origin. On October 31, 1648, the Swedish government granted these lands to the city of Nuena (Nyenskansu). With the arrival of the Swedes in the Neva region, Lakhta was settled by the Finns, who until the middle of the 20th century constituted the absolute majority of the villagers.
On December 22, 1766, Catherine 2 granted the Lakhta manor, which at that time belonged to the Office of the Chancellery from the buildings of palaces and gardens, "in which and in her villages with yard people 208 souls" to her favorite, Count Orlov. Not later than 1768 Count J.A. Bruce took possession of the estate. In 1788, the Lakhta manor with its wooden services on dry land (high place) and the villages of Lakhta, Dubki, Lisiy Nos and Konnaya, also on dry land, were listed there, in those villages of male peasants 238 souls. On May 1, 1813, Lakhta was taken over by the landlords of the Yakovlevs. On October 5, 1844, Count A. I. Stenbok-Fermor took possession of the Lakhta estate, in which there were then 255 male souls. This genus was the owner of the estate until 1912, when his last representative got into debt and the nobility was established over the estate. On October 4, 1913, the count, in order to pay off his debts, was forced to go into incorporation, and the Lakhta estate became the property of the Lakht Joint-Stock Company of Stenbock-Fermor and Co.
After the revolution, Lakhta was left to itself for some time; on May 19, 1919, in the former estate of the Stenbock-Fermor estate, the Lakhta sightseeing station was opened, which lasted until 1932. In the early 1920s, sand mining began on the Lakhta beaches, and the abandoned and dilapidated peat-bedding plant of the Lakhta estate in 1922 took the Oblzmotdel department under its jurisdiction and launched it after major repairs. In 1963, the village of Lakhta was included in the Zhdanovsky (Primorsky) district of Leningrad (St. Petersburg).
1. Taking pictures a tool (camera), not a photographer.
2. The choice of tool limits the possibilities.
3. Experience allows him (instrument) less and less to limit their capabilities.
4. The ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
5. The moment of observation is the real find ...
6. Training and mastering it defies. Training leads to poor imitations of the original.
7. Often the result should ripen, like wine. Although time is the understanding of the mind, therefore it is very speculative.
8. The meaning of all this is the process!
9. Let it be!
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The monthly Derby R.T.C - Carlisle High Wapping test train ran last Tuesday.
Several times throughout the Summer months I have been out for it, and also the 1Q82 regular Carlisle HW - Blackpool North, and only once have I had anything remotely resembling sunshine for either working.
This was the last chance for the northbound working this year and the forecast gave a slim hope of brightness.
No chance!
I went out anyway as there's little point in having ISO6400 capability if you can't use it to the max'.
With a fair bit of grain 37219 leads the plot into Workington and past stabled 37604.
Sgt. Derek Patrick, a military working dog trainer from Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, demonstrates the capabilities of his military working dog at the fields behind the University of Phoenix Stadium at Glendale, Arizona, Sept. 11, 2015. The demonstration was part of Marine Week Phoenix, which allows the Marine Corps to showcase its traditions, history, and values. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Cuong Le/Released)
The GG1 is one of the most iconic North American locomotive prototypes. They were first built for the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1935, and served the electrified northeast corridor routes. Their high speed capabilities (>100 mph) and reliability rendered them useful enough to keep around into the 1980s. Pennsy, Penn Central, Conrail, Amtrak and NJ transit all ran GG1s. They were finally completely replaced by the AEM-7s Amtrak still runs in the region today.
The model features a working headlight and is powered by 2 PF XL motors driving the C axles. The drive wheels are Big Ben medium drivers, modified to accept an o-ring for a traction tire. This is probably my best running locomotive, and it is fully capable of pulling a 12 or 15 foot train at speed.
This is the second GG1 I've built. The first was black (meant to represent Pennsy DGLE) and intended to be lettered for number 4935, currently in Strasbourg. This GG1, 4913, is currently located at the Altoona Railroaders Memorial Museum.
Photos were a collaborative effort between encartaphile and myself.
Ray Palmer - discoverer of the shrinking capabilities of white dwarf star matter and Ivy Town's resident superhero! In 1962, Ray became the ninth member inducted into the Justice League of America - the second member to join after the initial Starro attack that formed the League, after Green Arrow.
This is my third attempt at Ray, and it's not one I can take much credit for. My only real contribution is one I'm shocked hasn't been done before (to my knowledge): using the CMF Daredevil's hips for that iconic blue dwarf star alloy belt! Honestly, the only way I think we can realistically improve on a Silver Age Atom figure at this point is with red legs with normal blue boots. Otherwise, we're just waiting on an official figure! That doesn't mean my Atom days are done, though - we still have at least one whole Ryan Choi to go!