View allAll Photos Tagged c1911
In keeping with my recent photos of the history of the Rolls Royce mascot, Spirit of Ecstasy, and inspired by Ed (fossiled) the photo above represents the first in the series to be used, and pre dates the final version. Here's a little more of the story of the love for a woman...surely, we've all been there!
The rarest & by far most sought after of all Rolls-Royce mascots, the 'Whisper' mascot was produced after John Walter Edward Scott-Montague, the second Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, commissioned his friend Charles Sykes to sculpt a personal mascot for the bonnet of his Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost; Sykes chose Eleanor Thornton as his model, her being the secret love & secretary of Lord Montague. Sykes set about crafting the figurine of her in fluttering robes, pressing a finger against her lips, symbolizing the secrets of their love. The figurine was consequently christened The Whisper & optionally fitted to other 40-50HP Silver Ghost cars of the c1911 - 1914 period at Charles's discretion.
Excerpt from heritagemississauga.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lakevi...:
3. “Alannah” The Pallett-McMaster House
1400 Dixie Road ??
Built c1911
The oldest portion of this house was built circa 1911 by Leslie Howard Pallett. In 1925 the house was purchased by Arthur Carson McMaster (1868-1933) as a summer home, and under his ownership the house was enlarged to its current size.
The house is a rare local example of English Tudor Manor architecture. Under the McMaster family the house was called “Alannah”, which means “Endearing” or “Precious”. Arthur was a prominent lawyer, and was the eldest son of William John McMaster, a nephew of Senator William McMaster, founder of McMaster University. Arthur and his son John Wanless McMaster were both members of the Toronto Golf Club, on the opposite side of Dixie Road. After her father’s death in 1933 and her mother’s death in 1962, Margretta McMaster inherited the house. The house was sold to developers after Margretta passed away in 1968. This former estate structure now serves as facility for the high-rise condominium building on the property.
Believed to be in Public Domain From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Collections. More on copyright: What does "no known restrictions" mean?
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Public Domain. Additional source description and credit info from the Library of Congress:
TITLE: Broad St. south from Wall St.
CALL NUMBER: LOT 12484-1 [P&P]
Check for an online group record (may link to related items)
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-100112 (b&w film copy neg.)
MEDIUM: 1 photographic. print.
CREATED/PUBLISHED: c1911.
CREATOR:
Underhill, Irving, d. 1960, photographer.
NOTES:
J155943 U.S. Copyright Office.
SUBJECTS:
Commercial streets--New York (State)--New York--1910-1920.
FORMAT:
Photographic. prints 1910-1920.
DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c00112 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c00112
CONTROL #: 90710132
Source: Digital image.
Set: WIL04.
Date: c1911.
Photographer: William Hooper.
HOOPER COLLECTION COPYRIGHT P.A. Williams.
Repository: From the collection of Mr P. Williams.
Used here by his very kind permission.
Local Studies, Swindon Libraries.
Source: Digital image.
Set: WIL04.
Date: c1911.
Photographer: William Hooper.
HOOPER COLLECTION COPYRIGHT P.A. Williams.
Repository: From the collection of Mr P. Williams.
Used here by his very kind permission.
Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
John B. Moisant
c1911.
1 photographic print.
Notes:
Head and shoulders, facing left; looking at cat on his shoulder. Aviator.
This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.
Caption card tracings: BI; Cats; Shelf.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b16490
Call Number: BIOG FILE - Moisant, John B. [item]
Windowsill c1911. Attached to this super nice Pentamatic is a rather rare Super Yashinon (Tomioka Optical) Tominon 35mm wide angle lens with a very low serial number.
Background is at our local post office here in Fernandina Beach, Florida.
Playing baseball at Madison, New Jersey
1910, c1911.
1 photographic print : stereograph, unmounted.
Notes:
Photograph shows women and men playing baseball in a field of tall grass.
Title from item.
No. U117173.
Copyright Sept. 30, 1911, by Underwood & Underwood.
Published in: Baseball Americana : treasures from the Library of Congress / Harry Katz, et al. New York : Smithsonian Books, 2009.
Subjects:
Baseball--New Jersey--Madison--1910.
Women--Social life--New Jersey--Madison--1910.
Women--Sports--New Jersey--Madison--1910.
Format: Stereographs--1910.
Photographic prints--1910.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Persistent URL: hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.18472
Call Number: SSF - Sports--Baseball--1910 [item]
This marvellously surreal headstone marks the grave of Beatrice Blore Browne. She was born in Middlesborough, Yorkshire in 1887 and sadly died young from cancer aged 34 in 1921 at Penmaenmawr, North Wales. She was a bit of a maverick and became the first woman to drive a car up the Old Road on the Great Orme c1911. Considering this is a very steep 1 in 3 and she was driving a Singer 10hp car I think this was quite impressive! Beatrice had a daughter (also called Beatrice) with local businessman and racing driver George Wilkins Browne.
As soon as I saw a photo of this tremendous gravestone I knew I wanted to take a photo of it at night. The house where we were spending the 2nd week of our family summer holiday was right at the foot of the Great Orme in Llandudno where her grave is found at St Tudno's church.
On the last night of our holiday I fought common sense and headed out late to seek out Beatrice Blore. It was the only night of our week that had clear skies and promised a chance of another look at Comet Neowise. The churchyard sits in perfect darkness in open hillside on the NE side of the Orme. My modern car laboured up the 1 in 3 climbs following the tramlines. Rabbits lined the road and scampered recklessly in front of the car as I approached. When I arrived at St Tudno's the church was lit up by moonlight but the cemetery running southwestward up the hillside was in shadow. Beatrice's grave was easy to find. Comet Neowise was less visible than on the previous nights when I'd seen it and was not visible naked eye this time- due to a combination of its magnitude fading as it now passes further away from Earth and the Sun and gets colder as it goes. Also the moonlight was probably a factor. With great luck my test shots of the gravestone picked it out. You can just see the comet faintly very close to the edge of the wheel at the 10 o'clock position.
Beatrice Blore Browne
26/9/1887-23/11/1921
"She feared naught but God"
Our current works at Holland Park tube station have uncovered these two poster fragments - pasted directly onto the original c1900 'glazed' white faced bricks, these fragments have been covered by later equipment, that we've removed, for many years.
Milner's Safes were a long-established company founded possibly as early as 1814 - they were later bought out by Chubb Safes but the brand was retained for may years. The play "The Mousmé" helps dates the posters as it states it as a 'new musical play' and indeed, the play premiered on 9 May 1911 at the Shaftesbury Theatre. As noted it was produced by a famous UK theatrical figure, Robert Courtneidge, father of the actress Dame Cicely Courtneidge.
Quite what we do with these now I'm less certain. They're very fragile - not surprising after possibly 105 years in place...
The Memorial Chapel.
Window by Frederick Charles Eden (1864-1944).
The Three Marias, c1911.
Three windows in the Curzon Chapel feature saints named Maria (or Mary). They were inspired by Lady Curzon’s Christian name.
Frederick Charles Eden was an architect and a pupil of William Butterfield and of George Frederick Bodley. He often designed the glass and other fittings for his own buildings and in 1910 began making his own windows.
Detail: Virgin Many and Jesus
York Town Hall built 1911: foundation stone laid by Mayoress Mrs E H Neville 31 May 1911: opened 30 November 1911 by Premier John Scaddan.
Classified by the National Trust of Australia.
Permanently on the Register of the National Estate.
Permanently on the State Register of Heritage Place, Western Australia.
Hall lobby has a sweeping staircase constructed by local craftsmen from jarrah timber salvaged from the Mechanics Institute building which was demolished to make way for the town hall.
During construction the last of six large steel principals in the main section of the hall still had to be secured firmly but lunchtime occurred and workmen took lunch. During lunch a willy-willy brought down the unsecured principal and with it, the other five. They all had to be completely replaced.
The building was a picture show venue early in its history.
The clock was installed in 1952 and the building extended up Joaquina Street in 1997, completing the architects’ original vision.
Stage renovated in 2019.
Hall refurbished and renovated in the 2000s.
Designed in the Federation Free Classical style the townhall boasted the largest floor area of any such building in Western Australia.
Architects: Wright, Powell and Cameron (headed by James William Wright).
A wonderful image scanned from a glass negative in the collection. The image likely dates from 1919/21, showing a pioneering young man at the wheel of his treasured home-converted racing car.
One of series of images, the car looks to have been converted from a pre-WW1 era Darracq/STD Motors Limited 15hp motor chassis for possible sports use.
Originally a French Company, the Darracq business was bought out by an English concern in 1903. It later became STD Motors Limited from 1905, and finally Automobiles Talbot in 1922. The company was liquidated in the mid-1930s.
Situated amongst period British terraced housing, the garage doors where the car is presumably housed are wide open, the car taken outside for these specially commissioned photos.
Note the period acetylene headlights, the bulb horn, and how the engine's starting handle is tied up with a leather belt. With no windshield; ...goggles, waterproof clothing (and a turned back cap!) are necessary to pilot this early motorcar.
Y29 was a Straker-Squire, one of fifty-two (Y1-52) first built in 1911.
Although the post card is marked as the White Hart, it seems more likely that it was outside the White Horse, Willesden Green or maybe the Spotted Dog. See information in comments by aecsouthall.
Posing driver and conductor.
Willesden Green to Seven Kings sounds like a day out. I wonder how long it took?
Photographer uknown.
Naval gun mounting at the Elswick Works, Newcastle upon Tyne, c1911 (TWAM ref. DS.VA/9/PH/3/1).
‘Workshop of the World’ is a phrase often used to describe Britain’s manufacturing dominance during the Nineteenth Century. It’s also a very apt description for the Elswick Works and Scotswood Works of Vickers Armstrong and its predecessor companies. These great factories, situated in Newcastle along the banks of the River Tyne, employed hundreds of thousands of men and women and built a huge variety of products for customers around the globe.
The Elswick Works was established by William George Armstrong (later Lord Armstrong) in 1847 to manufacture hydraulic cranes. From these relatively humble beginnings the company diversified into many fields including shipbuilding, armaments and locomotives. By 1953 the Elswick Works covered 70 acres and extended over a mile along the River Tyne. This set of images, mostly taken from our Vickers Armstrong collection, includes fascinating views of the factories at Elswick and Scotswood, the products they produced and the people that worked there. By preserving these archives we can ensure that their legacy lives on.
(Copyright) We're happy for you to share this digital image within the spirit of The Commons. Please cite 'Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums' when reusing. Certain restrictions on high quality reproductions and commercial use of the original physical version apply though; if you're unsure please email info@twarchives.org.uk.
Entitled: Bride On Her Way To Wedding, Fuzhou, Fujian, China [c1911-1913] by RG Gold Photograph was spotted, contrast added, scratches and other defects retouched out, and sepia tone added. Note: This particular photograph was also found in the collection of William Charles White (Anglican Bishop who served in China) and the Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library of the University of Toronto, instead attributes this photograph to him. They also cite the location therein as, "Hinghua, China." Hinghua was a prefecture of Fukien (modern day Fujian Province). See their link here: www.flickr.com/photos/thomasfisherlibrary/6234741199/in/s...
One of the undeniable silver linings to the religious missionary incursions into the Chinese interior is the fact that, if there was one thing these 'foreign devils' were good at, it was certainly photography. It is because of this that we have such a huge body of social photographs that, in all likelihood, never would have been taken at all. Granted, Chinese official photographers may have been hired for special government events (at government expense), but simple slice of life types of pictures like the one above, rarely would have occurred.
The University of Southern California's Internet Mission Archive, linked here:
digitallibrary.usc.edu/impa/controller/index.htm
...is a general repository for images that were taken by a wide range of sectarian religious missions around the world. A short description from their opening page:
"The Internet Mission Photography Archive offers historical images from Protestant and Catholic missionary collections in Britain, Norway, Germany, and the United States. The photographs, which range in time from the middle of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth century, offer a visual record of missionary activities and experiences in Africa, China, Madagascar, India, Papua-New Guinea, and the Caribbean. The photographs reveal the physical influence of missions, visible in mission compounds, churches, and school buildings, as well as the cultural impact of mission teaching, religious practices, and Western technology and fashions. Indigenous peoples' responses to missions and the emergence of indigenous churches are represented, as are views of landscapes, cities, and towns before and in the early stages of modern development."
When I first laid eyes on this picture, I was laughing so hard that my sides hurt. Then immediately afterwards, I felt really ashamed of myself. The basket was used to obscure the bride's face in lieu of a veil. It was customary to not allow anyone to see the bride until she was secure in her new husband's home.
Well, no one ever said that history can't be humorous along with it being educational.
Source: Scan of an original print.
Image: P30235.
Date: c1911.
Repository: Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
04/02/19. Brisbane, Queensland. A Volvo B7RLE chassis and Volgren CR228L body.
[Route 61]
Australian bus collection: www.flickr.com/photos/hhhumber/collections/72157674552562...
Bus collection: www.flickr.com/photos/hhhumber/collections/72157603287230...
The Library Congress Walter Johnson
I claim no rights other than colorizing this image if you wish to use let me know
Title
Walter Johnson, Washington Americans
Summary
Photograph shows Walter Johnson, pitcher for the Washington Nationals, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front.
Contributor Names
Thompson, Paul, photographer
Created / Published
c1911 Mar. 1.
Subject Headings
- Johnson, Walter Perry,--1887-1946
- Washington Nationals (Baseball team)--People--1910-1920
- Baseball players--1910-1920
Format Headings
Gelatin silver prints--1910-1920.
Portrait photographs--1910-1920.
Notes
- J152666 U.S. Copyright Office.
- Title from item.
- Handwritten on verso: Walter Johnson, Washington Americans.
- Additional photographs by Paul Thompson of baseball players are filed in LOT 13830.
Medium
1 photographic print : gelatin silver.
Call Number/Physical Location
BIOG FILE - Johnson, Walter Perry, 1887-1946 [item] [P&P]
Repository
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id
ppmsca 18320 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.18320
Library of Congress Control Number
2008677203
Reproduction Number
LC-DIG-ppmsca-18320 (digital file from original print)
Rights Advisory
No known restrictions on publication.
Online Format
image
Description
1 photographic print : gelatin silver. | Photograph shows Walter Johnson, pitcher for the Washington Nationals, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front.
Paddington:
This suburb, which took its name from the London borough, lies in what were once paddocks adjacent to Victoria Barracks. It was the first of the early Sydney suburbs that was not self-sufficient - its inhabitants, unlike those of Balmain or Newtown, where work was available in local industries, had to go away each day to their places of employment. Development of the Eastern Suburbs (Edgecliff, Double Bay, Point Piper and Woollahra) surrounded this area with wealthy people's homes so this small hilly suburb lost all hope of harbour views.
The area developed after a road was constructed to link up with a pilot station that was to be built at Watson's Bay (South Head Road). John Palmer, the settlement's commissary, refused to allow people to cross his land grant ('Woolloomooloo'), so the road had to follow a roundabout way through Paddington to bypass his 100 acres.
Only a handful of workers lived in the area, and it was not until 1838, when it was decided to build a new military barracks in Paddington, that life came to the area.
From 1848 when Victoria Barracks had been opened (designed by Lt.-Col.George Barney) and homes for the soldiers and their families had been erected, Paddington began to assume a real identity...The (barracks site) land was sandy - in fact a huge sandhill was located on the western side of the Greens Road area, and the foundation trenches had to be dug very deep, to locate firm stone for the foundations. Stone was mostly quarried in the area: the stone masons were free settlers who had worked on erection of the Customs House at what was then Semi-Circular Quay.
Once the solderis and their families moved here, shopkeepers followed. Builders moved into the area and put up 3,800 houses between 1860 and 1890. These terraces give today's Paddington its air of individuality...The first school in the area was opened in the Presbyterian manse in Oxford Street, built in 1845.
It is hard to imagine that in 1822 the mansion Juniper Hall (the opposite southern corner of Oxford Street from the Reservoir site) stood alone, without the many neighbours it has today. Set in a flagged garden, it had attic windows that gave panoramic views to Rushcutters Bay and Botany Bay. Juniper Hall was built for Robert Cooper, distiller and emancipist merchant, who with partners James Underwood and Francis Ewen Forbes, had recieved 100 acres from Governor Brisbane in c.1818, covering the whole of north Paddington, and they agreed to erect 3 mansions and a distillery there. A distillery was built at the foot of Cascade Street near Taylor Square and Cooper bought out his partners, and only Juniper Hall was erected...The Coopers were part of the social scene of their day and entertained many notables of that time. After they left the house it was renamed Ormond House to dissociate itself from the gin image and passed through many hands, gradually becoming smothered by the building of small shops in front of the house. Latterly it has been restored by the National Trust and has had a variety of uses.
Today few of the area's original working class residents remain, as the suburb's proximity to the city has made it popular with business and professional people who prefer inner-city living in this historic area. The shopping centre, concentrated on the north side of Oxford Street, has also changed from one serving local needs to one of cafes, speciality shops and boutiques...Much of this is related to the changing population and the Village Bazaar, or Paddington Markets. The bazaar, which has operated since the mid 1970s, draws visitors from all over the city and has contributed to Paddington's development as one of Sydney's favourite tourist spots, along with Bondi Beach and The Rocks (Pollen, 1988, 195-7).
Postal Services
The first official postal service in Australia was established in April 1809, when Sydney merchant Isaac Nichols was appointed as the first Postmaster in the colony of NSW. Prior to this, mail had been distributed directly by the captain of the ship on which the mail arrived; however, this system was neither reliable nor secure.
In 1825 the colonial administration was empowered to establish a Postmaster General's Department, which had previously been administered from Britain.
In 1828 the first post offices outside of Sydney were established, with offices in Bathurst, Campbelltown, Parramatta, Liverpool, Newcastle, Penrith and Windsor. By 1839 there were forty post offices in the colony, with more opening as settlement spread. The advance of postal services was further increased as the railway network began to be established throughout NSW from the 1860s. Also, in 1863, the Postmaster General WH Christie noted that accommodation facilities for postmasters in some post offices was quite limited, and stated that it was a matter of importance that 'post masters should reside and sleep under the same roof as the office'.
The appointment of James Barnet as Acting Colonial Architect in 1862 coincided with a considerable increase in funding to the public works program. Between 1865 and 1890 the Colonial Architects Office was responsible for the building and maintenance of 169 post offices and telegraph offices in NSW. The post offices constructed during this period were designed in a variety of architectural styles, as Barnet argued that the local parliamentary representatives always preferred 'different patterns'.
The construction of new post offices continued throughout the Depression years under the leadership of Walter Liberty Vernon, who retained office from 1890 to 1911. While twenty-seven post offices were built between 1892 and 1895, funding to the Government Architect's Office was cut from 1893 to 1895, causing Vernon to postpone a number of projects.
Following Federation in 1901, the Commonwealth Government took over responsibility for post, telegraph and telephone offices, with the Department of Home Affairs Works Division being made responsible for post office construction. In 1916 construction was transferred to the Department of Works and Railways, with the Department of the Interior responsible during World War II.
On 22 December 1975 the Postmaster General's Department was abolished and replaced by the Post and Telecommunications Department, with Telecom and Australia Post being created. In 1989, the Australian Postal Corporation Act established Australia Post as a self-funding entity, which heralded a new direction in property management, including a move towards smaller, shop-front style post offices away from the larger more traditional buildings.
For much of its history, the post office has been responsible for a wide variety of community services including mail distribution, as agencies for the Commonwealth Savings Bank, electoral enrolments, and the provision of telegraph and telephone services. The town post office served as a focal point for the community, most often built in a prominent position in the center of town close to other public buildings, creating a nucleus of civic buildings and community pride.
Paddington Post Office
In 1804 Thomas West, an emancipated convict, received the first land grant in what was to become Paddington. West's land was considered to be on the outskirts of the town, with only a rough track to the signal station at South Head linking the area to the town. The next grant in the area was not posted until 1817 when Governor Macquarie granted 100 acres to three partners to build a distillery. James Underwood, one of three partners, eventually bought his partners out in the 1820s and named his new holdings Paddington Estate.
The start of any concentrated development in Paddington began after 1840 when the military barracks was transferred from York Street, Sydney to Old South Head Road (Oxford Street). The first subdivisions in Paddington were in direct response to the barracks development. Artisans and tradespeople moved into the area while they worked on the barracks, as did officers, soldiers and their families of the 11th North Devonshire Regiment, who were to occupy the Barracks upon its completion.
Throughout the 1840s Paddington continued to develop as a village, with stores, hotels and other services establishing themselves. The first Post Office was established on 1 July 1851, while the first recorded postmaster, Richard Westaway, was appointed on 22 July 1857. In 1859 a letter carrier was appointed, with deliveries being made from the GPO on horseback each morning.
During the same year, the residents of Paddington petitioned the government for incorporation as a municipality under the 1858 Incorporation Act, which was achieved on 17 April 1860. Paddington had 3,000 residents in 1860 with the population rising by 68% in the following ten years.
During this period the Post and Telegraph Office were operating out of rented premises in Paddington. The Post and Telegraph Departments shared the (Pounds)66 per annum rent that was being paid to Mr R. H. Adams. However, with the rapidly expanding population, it was recognised that a purpose-built Post Office was required. In 1879 a site was purchased with frontage of 38 feet to Old South Head Road from Mr H. W. Nixon for (Pounds)750. This land was not suitable for the office and was sold on to Mr Thomas Garrett MP for (Pounds)20 a foot in 1881.
On 2 December 1881 Messrs Cass, Kirby and Company offered some allotments facing Old South Head Road to the Department, including allotments 16,17 and 18 on the corner of Old South Head Road and Begg Street (Ormond Street) at a rate of between (Pounds)25 and (Pounds)30 per foot. The offer was accepted on 27 February 1882.
Plans were drawn up by the Colonial Architect's Office under the direction of James Barnet and submitted in January 1884, with an estimated cost of (Pounds)2,500. The tender was awarded to William Farley in May 1884 for the erection of the Post Office and residence at (Pounds)2,235, and to be completed in five months.
In November, a second tender for an outside clock was also approved for (Pounds)40. The building was opened for business on 26 December 1885. There were repairs made to the building in 1890-91, while a telephone exchange was added in c1911-13.
In 1979, with the centenary of the Paddington Office approaching, a major renovation was undertaken. The contract for the work, including additions, was given to McKenzie Building Co. Pty Ltd of Brookvale for $140,000. Work included the extension of the post office counter, new lighting in the style of c1880s gas lamps and new floor coverings.
The ground-floor mail room was extended, with part of a rear courtyard being closed in for the purpose. On the first floor, modern staff amenities were added, while a bike shed was erected and a former addition to the rear of the building was demolished to allow for a new gate and driveway to provide access for mail vehicles.
Source: New South Wales Heritage Register.
www.loc.gov/resource/pan.6a22632/
Title
•[Bathers at Crystal Beach]
Summary
•Small photo studio on beach.
Names
•Brandel, W. H., copyright claimant
Created / Published
•c1911.
Headings
•- Swimming
•- Beaches
•- Piers & wharves
•- Canada--Ontario (Province)--Crystal Beach
Notes
•- J162238 U.S. Copyright Office
•- Copyright claimant's address: Buffalo, N. Y.
•- Title derived from copyright deposit records.
•- Copyright deposit; W. H. Brandel; October 28, 1911.
Source Collection
•Panoramic photographs (Library of Congress)
Repository
•Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id
•pan 6a22632 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pan.6a22632
•cph 3c26578 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c26578
LCCN Permalink
•https://lccn.loc.gov/2007663123
Ernest Lawson (March 22, 1873 – December 18, 1939) was a Canadian-American painter and a member of The Eight. Lawson was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Though Lawson mostly painted landscapes, he also did some realistic urban scenes which were shown at the 1908 exhibition of The Eight. His painting style is heavily influenced by Impressionism, especially the style of John Henry Twachtman, Alfred Sisley, and J. Alden Weir. He died in Miami Beach, Florida in 1939.
[Oil on canvas, 101.6 cm x 127 cm]
gandalfsgallery.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/ernest-lawson-harl...
A visit to Caernarfon Castle in North Wales. It was here in 1911 and 1969 that the Prince of Wales was inaugurated (Prince Edward later Edward VIII and the current Prince of Wales, Prince Charles).
Caernarfon Castle (Welsh: Castell Caernarfon), often anglicized as Carnarvon Castle, is a medieval fortress in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, north-west Wales cared for by Cadw, the Welsh Government's historic environment service. There was a motte-and-bailey castle in the town of Caernarfon from the late 11th century until 1283 when King Edward I of England began replacing it with the current stone structure. The Edwardian town and castle acted as the administrative centre of north Wales and as a result the defences were built on a grand scale. There was a deliberate link with Caernarfon's Roman past and the Roman fort of Segontium is nearby.
While the castle was under construction, town walls were built around Caernarfon. The work cost between £20,000 and £25,000 from the start until the end of work in 1330. Despite Caernarfon Castle's external appearance of being mostly complete, the interior buildings no longer survive and many of the building plans were never finished. The town and castle were sacked in 1294 when Madog ap Llywelyn led a rebellion against the English. Caernarfon was recaptured the following year. During the Glyndŵr Rising of 1400–1415, the castle was besieged. When the Tudor dynasty ascended to the English throne in 1485, tensions between the Welsh and English began to diminish and castles were considered less important. As a result, Caernarfon Castle was allowed to fall into a state of disrepair. Despite its dilapidated condition, during the English Civil War Caernarfon Castle was held by Royalists, and was besieged three times by Parliamentarian forces. This was the last time the castle was used in war. Caernarfon Castle was neglected until the 19th century when the state funded repairs. In 1911, Caernarfon Castle was used for the investiture of the Prince of Wales, and again in 1969. It is part of the World Heritage Site "Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd".
A Grade I listed building.
History
Begun in 1283 and still incomplete when building work ceased c1330. Built for Edward I of England, it combined the roles of fortification, palace and administrative centre. A motte and bailey castle had been built here in the late C11 by Earl Hugh of Chester, although it became a residence of Welsh princes, including Llewelyn ap Gruffudd, after the Welsh regained control of Gwynedd by 1115. The English conquest of N Wales followed quickly after the death of Llewelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282 and Caernarfon was built to consolidate the English gains. Edward I employed James of St George as his architect, who had previously been employed by Philip of Savoy and had designed for him the fortress-palace of St Georges d'Esperanche. James also directed the building other castles for Edward I, including Harlech, Conwy and Beaumaris, using English craftsmen and labourers. The design of Caernarfon Castle echoed the walls of Emperor Constantine's Roman city of Constantinople, which also has polygonal towers and banded stonework, and was thus intended by Edward to be an expression of imperial power. Edward I and Queen Eleanor visited Caernarfon in 1284 and it was said that their son, Edward, the first English prince of Wales, was born at the castle in 1284.
Construction of the castle was integrated with the construction of town walls protecting the newly established borough, the town being situated on the N side of the castle. By 1292 the southern external façade of the castle was probably complete, while on the N side the castle was protected by a ditch and the walled town. The castle was damaged during an uprising in 1294 led by Madog ap Llewelyn, but Edward I swiftly regained control of Caernarfon and the castle, where restoration work began in 1295. The uprising had demonstrated the need to complete the castle's defences on the town side, which were largely built in the period 1295-1301. Work subsequently continued at a slower pace in the period 1304-30 and included the completion of the towers, including the Eagle Tower which was completed 1316-17 and in 1316 the timber-framed 'Hall of Llewelyn', the Welsh prince's residence at Conwy, was dismantled and shipped to Caernarfon. The upper portion of the King's Gate was constructed in 1321 and included a statue of Edward of Caernarfon, who had been crowned Edward II in 1307.
The castle was garrisoned for nearly 2 centuries but was increasingly neglected as hostilities softened from the C16 onwards. The castle was garrisoned for Charles I during the Civil War but was surrendered to the Parliamentarians in 1646. In the C18 the castle became one of the most celebrated of ruins in Wales, which began its present phase as tourist attraction and ancient monument. Restoration was undertaken in the final quarter of the C19 under the direction of Sir Llewelyn Turner, Deputy Constable. In 1908 ownership passed from the Crown to the Office of Works and restoration work continued. This included the reinstatement of floors in most of the towers and reinstatement of the embattled wall walks by 1911. The castle was the venue for the investiture of both C20 Princes of Wales, in 1911 and 1969.
Exterior
Constructed of coursed limestone with darker stone banding to the S and E external façades between the Eagle Tower and NE Tower. The plan is polygonal, resembling a figure of 8, and constructed around an upper and a lower ward in the form of curtain walls and mainly 3-stage polygonal towers with basements (in contrast to the round towers of the town walls). The structure is in 2 main phases. The earlier is the S side, from and including the Eagle Tower to the NE Tower, was constructed mainly in the period 1283-1292, while the N side facing the walled town was built after the uprising of 1294. The curtain walls are embattled with loops to the merlons and a wall walk. Openings are characterised by the frequent use of shouldered lintels, giving rise to the alternative term 'Caernarfon lintel', and 2-centred arches. The towers have reinstated floors of c1911 on original corbels. The outer walls have arrow loops. Windows are mainly narrow single-light, but some of the mullioned windows incorporate transoms.
The principal entrance is the 3-storey King's Gate on the N side. It is reached across the ditch by a modern segmental-arched stone bridge with stone steps to the outer side, replacing the medieval drawbridge. The King's Gate has polygonal towers with 2-light windows to the outer facets in the middle stage and 2-light windows in the upper stage. The entrance is recessed behind a segmental moulded arch. It has a 2-centred arch beneath string courses and 2-light transomed window. Above the main arch is a statue of Edward II in a canopied niche with flanking attached pinnacles.
To the R is the outer wall of the kitchens and then the Well Tower, of 3 stages with basement. The Well Tower has a higher polygonal turret reinstated in the late C19 and full-height square projection on the W side housing the well shaft. The tower has 2-light windows in the middle and upper stages.
The Eagle Tower at the W end is the largest of the towers, having been designed to accommodate the king's lieutenant. It has 3 stages with basement and 3 higher polygonal turrets. The battlements are enriched by carved heads and eagles, although much weathered. On the N side are 2-light windows and an attached stub wall with drawbridge slot. This is the planned water gate through which water-borne supplies were intended to be conveyed to the basement of the Well Tower at high tide, but it was not completed. It has polygonal responds to the gate, a portcullis slot and 2 superimposed windows between the basement and ground-floor levels. On the N side is a flight of stone steps to an arched doorway at basement level. This postern was the main entrance for those approaching by sea. On the S side the curtain wall is built on exposed bedrock and the Queen's Tower, Chamberlain Tower and the Black Tower each have a single higher polygonal turret. The outer faces have only narrow loops. On the W side of the Chamberlain Tower are stone steps to a doorway under a shouldered lintel that led into the great hall. On the E side of the Black Tower is the shorter polygonal Cistern Tower, with the unfinished Queen's Gate at the SE end. Between the Chamberlain Tower and Black Tower the curtain wall is stepped in, from which point there is a substantial raked stone plinth continuing around to the NE Tower. The Queen's Gate has double polygonal towers linked by a straight wall above the gateway, while the openings are all narrow loops. The gateway is raised above a high basement storey (and would have been reached by the building of a massive stone ramp) and is recessed beneath a segmental arch with murder holes. The Watch Tower to the N is narrower and higher than the remaining towers, beyond which is the 2-stage NE Tower, which has a 2-light window. Returning along the N side, which was built after 1295, the curtain wall and the 4-stage Granary Tower incorporate 2-light windows.
The King's Gate has murder holes to the vault and porters' rooms to the L and R, leading to the interior. Internally the castle is planned around an upper ward on the E side and a lower ward on the W side. Through the entrance passage is a 2-storey projection on the R (now housing a shop), the S side of which retains 2 portcullis slots and a vault springer, indicating that a second entrance was built here, although it no longer survives above the foundations. Above the main gate is a former chapel, which retains its original piscina. The upper storey hall has window seats. On the W side of the King's Gate are the foundations of the kitchens in the lower ward, in which are 2 round foundations for copper cauldrons and springer of a former vault. The Well Tower does not have reinstated floors, but in each storey a fireplace and garderobe are retained and in the second stage is a small kitchen above the well chamber. The fireplaces all differ in detail: in the basement is a segmental arch, the lower storey a tripartite lintel, the second stage a projecting lintel on corbels with raked hood, and chamfered lintel to the upper stage. The tower has a full-height newel stair. The basement is reached by external stone steps. Between the Well Tower and Eagle Tower is a restored fireplace with a raked hood in a chamber whose outline walls are visible.
The Eagle Tower has stone steps to the basement to the L of the main doorway, both lower stage and basement having pointed doorways. The upper stages have 2-light windows similar to the outer faces. The thick walls incorporate mural passages and stairs. In the lower stage is a large fireplace with raked hood and a small octagonal chamber that probably served as a chapel. The great chamber in the second stage also has an octagonal chapel, which retains a stoup or piscina. Between the Eagle Tower and the NE Tower the curtain wall and towers have mural passages in addition to the wall walk and generally have stone steps in either straight flights to the wall walks or newel stairs, and most chambers in the towers have associated garderobes. The Queen's Tower, known as the 'Banner Tower' in the C14, and the Chamberlain Tower have chambers in each storey with small square subsidiary chambers that probably served as chapels, and 2-light windows. The Queen's Tower has 3 octagonal chimney shafts behind the parapet. In the Chamberlain Tower the lower storey retains a fireplace with shouldered lintel. Both towers are occupied by the museum of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Between Queen's Tower and Chamberlain Tower are the foundations of the great hall, while the 2 superimposed mural passages in the curtain wall have 2-light windows that formerly opened into the hall.
The Black Tower is smaller than the other towers and has only single chambers in each stage, with cambered fireplace in the upper chamber, and 2-light windows. The Cistern Tower has a vaulted hexagonal chamber beneath an open stone-lined rainwater tank visible on the wall walk. In the unfinished Queen's Gate the position of porters' rooms is discernible in the flanking towers of which the S has a lintelled fireplace while both have garderobes. Portcullis slots and murder holes are in the passage. The upper storey over the passage was to have been a hall but was not completed. The Watch Tower is entered by a doorway at the wall walk level only.
The NE Tower is simpler with single chambers in each stage, as is the Granary Tower, which incorporates a well shaft and has a fireplace with raked hood in the upper stage. Between the NE Tower and the King's Gate the curtain wall has corbels representing former buildings built against the curtain, and its mullioned windows incorporate window seats.
Reasons for Listing
Listed grade I as one of the finest medieval castles in Wales, and unique in its royal associations.
Scheduled Ancient Monument CN 079.
World Heritage Site.
The walk over the walls via the towers. Leaving the Eagle Tower, heading via the Well Tower, around and over the King's Gate, up the Granary Tower, then down the North-East Tower.
The last tower before I went down for the last time - the North-East Tower.
Vew of the Chamberlain Tower around to the King's Gate. Also the Queen's Tower, and Eagle Tower.
Digital ID: 1113256. [West 33rd St. - Hotel Waldorf-Astoria - Knickerbocker Trust Co. - Aeolian Hall, pianos - No. 362 Maillards, confectioners.]. Welles & Co. -- Publisher. c1911
Source: Fifth Avenue, New York, from start to finish. (more info)
Repository: The New York Public Library. Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy.
See more information about this image and others at NYPL Digital Gallery.
Persistent URL: digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/id?1113256
Rights Info: No known copyright restrictions; may be subject to third party rights (for more information, click here)
Christ Church United Reformed Church, Port Sunlight, Merseyside, 1902-04.
Formerly Congregational.
East Window, c1911 - detail.
By Heaton, Butler & Bayne.
The gift of William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme (1851-1925) in memory of his parents.
The east window is a wall of glass of sixteen lights in all.
This is the left window of five lights.
It contains the words “Suffer little children to come unto me” and is an illustration from the gospels of mothers bringing their children to Jesus. Children were very important to Viscount Leverhulme and even more so to his wife.
TO THE MEMORY OF JAMES AND ELIZA LEVER, PARENTS OF THE FOUNDER OF PORT SUNLIGHT, WHO WISHES HERE TO PLACE ON RECORD THE FACT THAT PORT SUNLIGHT WOULD HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE OF REALIZATION BY HIM WITHOUT THE INFLUENCE OF THEIR EXAMPLE & CAREFUL TRAINING.
Clement Heaton (1824-1882), the son of a Methodist minister in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, was in 1851 a glass painter for William Holland of Warwick. He was in London by 1853 and briefly in business alone before going into partnership with James Butler (1830-1913) in 1855. Around 1860 the two briefly shared premises with Clayton and Bell, an association of lasting importance, as the third member of the firm, Robert Turnill Bayne (1837-1915), who was also from Warwick and became chief designer in 1862, was an employee of theirs. Heaton pioneered the use of softer colours, but Bayne’s advent brought the firm to widespread attention. Most of their earlier glass was gothic in style, but the firm adapted to later influences, notably that of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The firm was used widely by Sir Arthur Blomfield, but in later years less of its output was glass for churches. Heaton’s son Clement John joined for a short time, but fell out with his partners. The firm continued until 1953 under descendants of other partners, after which most of its archives were destroyed for lack of interest.
What do we know about the image?
It is an unused postcard with no indication on the back as to the identity of the photographer. The background is the same as many other postcard images on this site. My inclination is that the photograph was taken by Albert Marshall (1860 – 1918) the Winster photographer/postcard publisher and was taken in the yard of the Angel Inn, near the Market House. Albert lived in the yard and had his business premises close by.
At the bottom of the image someone has written “Mrs. H. Hardy & Mary.” The card was among papers handed down through the Barnsley, Brassington and Newton families who lived on East Bank, Winster, during the 20th Century and forms part of the Eric Brassington Collection. Eric has no family information which adds to the above.
This image and the original notes about it had been posted for sometime when I was contacted by John Marsden, a former Winster resident, who confirmed that the image was of his grandmother and mother.
Mrs. H. Hardy was the wife of Charles Herbert Hardy. She was born Maud Blackham in Starkholmes, Matlock. In the 1901 Census she was living at West Bank, aged 15, working as a nurse/domestic, at the home of her uncle, John Rouse (born 1864). John was married living with his wife, 3 sons and 2 daughters. Frank Blackham, aged 19, John's nephew and probably Maud's brother, was also living in the household and working as a lead miner.
In 1907 Maud was married to Charles Herbert Hardy. In the 1911 Census Charles, aged 27, and Maud, aged 24, were living on East Bank, with their daughter Rose Mary Hardy, aged 3, who had been born in Winster. Charles was a stationary engineman at a Lead Ore Mine (probably Mill Close) and he had been born in Winster. Maud was born in Starkholmes.
Rose Mary (1908 - 1970) was married in 1929 to William Marsden and she continued to live in Winster until her death. There are other images of her elsewhere on this site.
Tthe photograph was probably taken in about 1911.
Michael Greatorex
Text updated 30 December 2009
Source: livinghistories.newcastle.edu.au/nodes/view/47774
This image was scanned from the original glass negative taken by Ralph Snowball. It is part of the Norm Barney Photographic Collection, held by Cultural Collections at the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
This image can be used for study and personal research purposes. If you wish to reproduce this image for any other purpose you must obtain permission by contacting the University of Newcastle's Cultural Collections.
Notes:
Information supplied by The Lake Macquarie and District Historical Society states that the pagoda shaped roof was built for James Hadydon Leslie Arnott in 1911. Ralph Snowball retired from photography in 1915 and passed away in 1925. It is most likely this picture was taken between 1911 and 1915, but may have been taken between 1911 and 1925.
Toronto is the site of Rev. L Threlkeld's second mission called Ebenezer Mission. He took up occupancy in December 1831. Threlkeld's grant covered the area of the modern day suburbs of Toronto, Carey Bay, Kilaben Bay and Coal Point. In 1845 the land was sold to Ralph M Robey, who sold it to the Excelsior Land Investment and Building Company and Bank in 1885, who subdivided the land in 1887. Toronto is named in honour of Edward Hanlon, a champion rower form Toronto, Canada, who was visiting Australia at the time the estate was being subdivided.
More information about Toronto can be found at Lake Macquarie City Council's Library web site at:
www.lakemac.infohunt.nsw.gov.au/library/lhist/suburb/lmp&...
The 1887 promotional Booklet for Toronto can be viewed at the following link:
www.flickr.com/photos/uon/sets/72157622086704813/
If you have any information about this photograph, please contact us or leave a comment in the box below.
This part of Red Hill was surveyed and subdivided into suburban portions in the 1860s. The site on which the
Skate Arena is situated was part of portion 737, on the southern side of Enoggera Terrace at the junction with
Musgrave Road, alienated by George Mannion in 1870. Mannion Street, at the rear of the Skate Arena, is likely
to have been named after him. By the late 1880s, portion 737 had been subdivided into smaller residential
allotments. From 1889 until 1920, subdivisions 14 to 28 remained on one title, passing through several owners,
until title to subdivisions 22-27, near the intersection with Musgrave Road, was transferred to Red Hill Picture
Pops Ltd. A number of rental houses had been erected along Enoggera Terrace between Musgrave Road and
Jay Street, but it is not clear whether there were any extant buildings on the site acquired by Red Hill Picture
Pops Ltd in 1920. During this period, Enoggera Terrace continued to be a social hub of Red Hill with the Ithaca
Town Chambers, numerous shops, and other services such as halls and the police station situated along the
street.
In 1920 an open-air ‘picture palace’ was already established on Enoggera Terrace, on the opposite [northern]
side of the road, at the corner of Waterworks Road. This picture show functioned from c1912 until replaced by
Red Hill Picture Pops Ltd.’s new theatre on the other side of the road, c1920-21. In December 1920, the titles
office recorded a bill of mortgage on subdivisions 22-27, portion 737 for £1,500, taken out by Red Hill Picture
Pops Limited from The Public Curator of Queensland. It is possible this helped to finance construction of the new
theatre, which is first listed in the Post Office street directories in 1921.
A c1924 photograph shows the Red Hill Picture Pops theatre as a large, gable-roofed structure with full length
ridge ventilator and a modest façade, on a prominent location on Enoggera Terrace. By March 1925, at least part
of the theatre was of brick construction, the western brick wall of the theatre suffering damage from water
running off the adjacent Red Hill Police Station site at the corner of Musgrave Road and Enoggera Terrace. In
late 1927, the front of the theatre was remodelled at a cost of £380, with the addition of shops. Plans were
prepared by Brisbane architect RT Erskine, and the contractor was W Tinnerman.
A c1932 sewerage detail plan indicates that the structure occupied the whole of subdivisions 24-27, with the
walls erected to the perimeter. This plan also indicates the buttresses located on subdivisions 22 and 23, along
the western side of the theatre, where the land falls steeply.
Through the 1920s and into the early 1930s, Alfred [Bertie] E Moore was secretary of Red Hill Picture Pops Ltd.
and manager of the theatre. The Moore family lived on Waterworks Road, initially just past Church Street from
c1907-c1911, moving to the corner of Waterworks Road and Enoggera Terrace c1911/12 - about the same time
the open-air picture theatre was established next door on Enoggera Terrace. It is likely Bertie Moore was
associated with this first picture theatre as well as the c1920 hardtop. Long-time residents of Red Hill have
recalled that in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Mrs Moore sold the theatre tickets from an island ticket box in the
front foyer. For the evening shows, Bertie Moore always wore a dinner suit and his wife an evening gown with a
fresh rose pinned on the shoulder. Apparently they kept a tight rein on their often unruly audiences, and a slogan
in the foyer read: If you like the program tell your friends, if you do not like it, tell us.
By June 1930, ‘talkie apparatus’ had been installed at the Pops Picture Theatre on Enoggera Terrace. Following
the release of Warner Brother’s first talking picture, The Jazz Singer, in 1927, cinemas world-wide either
converted to sound or closed down. Sound projection leasing or purchasing arrangements were often
exorbitantly high, and many Queensland suburban and rural exhibitors who committed themselves to very
expensive sound projection plant at this period, over capitalised, were burdened with running costs, and did not
survive the economic depression of the early 1930s.
There were approximately 200 picture theatres in Queensland in the 1930s, of which 54, or about 25%, were
located in Brisbane. This was the period when most Brisbane suburbs had at least one picture theatre, if not
more, and competition for audiences was strong. The Red Hill Picture Pops’ closest competitors were the Plaza
Theatre on Latrobe Terrace [opened c1930] and Stephens’ New Paddington Theatre, erected on Given Terrace
c1924.
In 1931 Red Hill Picture Pops Ltd, possibly struggling to survive the depression and the costs of sound
installation, or perhaps renovating the building, took out a second mortgage on the theatre from Richard Francis
Stephens, who was associated with the Stephens-Munro chain of suburban theatres on Brisbane’s north side.
Stephens- Munro ultimately acquired six theatres - the Astor at New Farm, the Imperial at Lutwyche, the Savoy
at Clayfield, the Paddington on Given Terrace, the Arcadia at Ascot, and the Jubilee at Toowong - and
subsidised other small suburban exhibitors like the Red Hill Picture Pops. It is possible the connection with RF
Stephens gave Red Hill Picture Pops Ltd greater bargaining status at the major film distributors’ Brisbane film
exchanges.
In November 1934, the Red Hill Picture Pops theatre was leased to William Edward Kirby, who eventually gained
title to the property early in 1944. Kirby had changed the name of the place to The State Theatre by 1937, and by
1938 the theatre had a seating capacity of 640. In 1948 title passed to State Theatres Pty Ltd, with Kirby still the
exhibitor, and renovations were undertaken in 1950. In 1951, State Theatres Pty Ltd sold subdivisions 22 and
23, the two vacant blocks along the western side of the theatre, with a 1952 easement in their favour over a strip
of this land adjoining the theatre.
In 1954 title to the property passed briefly to Christopher James Sourris and his wife Effie - [the Sourris family
has been connected with other suburban theatres in Brisbane] - but they sold within months to George Londy
and his wife Velio. In 1955, Velio Londy transferred her interest in the property to John Sklavos. With the
introduction of television to Brisbane in the late 1950s, cinema audiences declined rapidly. Many cinemas
installed wide cinemascope screens in an attempt to attract audiences back to the picture theatres, but suburban
cinemas struggled to continue screening films and in the 1960s and 1970s many closed, the buildings converted into alternative uses or the sites redeveloped. By the 1980s, only a handful of single-screen interwar suburban cinemas survived in Brisbane.In an attempt to retain audiences, Londy and Sklavos renovated The State Theatre in 1958, installing a cinemascope screen, a new ceiling, and decorative sound boards along the sides. By 1960, the seating capacity at The State Theatre had increased to 1000.Films continued to be screened at the State into the early 1960s, but in January 1964 the theatre was acquired by David and Shirley Venables, who converted it into a ‘sound lounge’ known as Teen City. Many of Australia’s most popular rock and roll stars played at Teen City, including Little Pattie, Col Joy, and the BeeGees, but the venture ceased within a couple of years. In 1965 the place was converted into the Red Hill Skate Arena. The floor to the rink was constructed of timber and Masonite initially - later a concrete floor was laid. As with the picture theatres which struggled to survive the impact of television in the 1960s, new recreational activities - especially skateboarding and rollerblading made popular in the late 20th century - are eroding the popularity of indoor skating. While still operating as a skating rink, the future of the Red Hill Skate Arena remains uncertain.
**Brisbane Heritage Registry**
A visit to Caernarfon Castle in North Wales. It was here in 1911 and 1969 that the Prince of Wales was inaugurated (Prince Edward later Edward VIII and the current Prince of Wales, Prince Charles).
Caernarfon Castle (Welsh: Castell Caernarfon), often anglicized as Carnarvon Castle, is a medieval fortress in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, north-west Wales cared for by Cadw, the Welsh Government's historic environment service. There was a motte-and-bailey castle in the town of Caernarfon from the late 11th century until 1283 when King Edward I of England began replacing it with the current stone structure. The Edwardian town and castle acted as the administrative centre of north Wales and as a result the defences were built on a grand scale. There was a deliberate link with Caernarfon's Roman past and the Roman fort of Segontium is nearby.
While the castle was under construction, town walls were built around Caernarfon. The work cost between £20,000 and £25,000 from the start until the end of work in 1330. Despite Caernarfon Castle's external appearance of being mostly complete, the interior buildings no longer survive and many of the building plans were never finished. The town and castle were sacked in 1294 when Madog ap Llywelyn led a rebellion against the English. Caernarfon was recaptured the following year. During the Glyndŵr Rising of 1400–1415, the castle was besieged. When the Tudor dynasty ascended to the English throne in 1485, tensions between the Welsh and English began to diminish and castles were considered less important. As a result, Caernarfon Castle was allowed to fall into a state of disrepair. Despite its dilapidated condition, during the English Civil War Caernarfon Castle was held by Royalists, and was besieged three times by Parliamentarian forces. This was the last time the castle was used in war. Caernarfon Castle was neglected until the 19th century when the state funded repairs. In 1911, Caernarfon Castle was used for the investiture of the Prince of Wales, and again in 1969. It is part of the World Heritage Site "Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd".
A Grade I listed building.
History
Begun in 1283 and still incomplete when building work ceased c1330. Built for Edward I of England, it combined the roles of fortification, palace and administrative centre. A motte and bailey castle had been built here in the late C11 by Earl Hugh of Chester, although it became a residence of Welsh princes, including Llewelyn ap Gruffudd, after the Welsh regained control of Gwynedd by 1115. The English conquest of N Wales followed quickly after the death of Llewelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282 and Caernarfon was built to consolidate the English gains. Edward I employed James of St George as his architect, who had previously been employed by Philip of Savoy and had designed for him the fortress-palace of St Georges d'Esperanche. James also directed the building other castles for Edward I, including Harlech, Conwy and Beaumaris, using English craftsmen and labourers. The design of Caernarfon Castle echoed the walls of Emperor Constantine's Roman city of Constantinople, which also has polygonal towers and banded stonework, and was thus intended by Edward to be an expression of imperial power. Edward I and Queen Eleanor visited Caernarfon in 1284 and it was said that their son, Edward, the first English prince of Wales, was born at the castle in 1284.
Construction of the castle was integrated with the construction of town walls protecting the newly established borough, the town being situated on the N side of the castle. By 1292 the southern external façade of the castle was probably complete, while on the N side the castle was protected by a ditch and the walled town. The castle was damaged during an uprising in 1294 led by Madog ap Llewelyn, but Edward I swiftly regained control of Caernarfon and the castle, where restoration work began in 1295. The uprising had demonstrated the need to complete the castle's defences on the town side, which were largely built in the period 1295-1301. Work subsequently continued at a slower pace in the period 1304-30 and included the completion of the towers, including the Eagle Tower which was completed 1316-17 and in 1316 the timber-framed 'Hall of Llewelyn', the Welsh prince's residence at Conwy, was dismantled and shipped to Caernarfon. The upper portion of the King's Gate was constructed in 1321 and included a statue of Edward of Caernarfon, who had been crowned Edward II in 1307.
The castle was garrisoned for nearly 2 centuries but was increasingly neglected as hostilities softened from the C16 onwards. The castle was garrisoned for Charles I during the Civil War but was surrendered to the Parliamentarians in 1646. In the C18 the castle became one of the most celebrated of ruins in Wales, which began its present phase as tourist attraction and ancient monument. Restoration was undertaken in the final quarter of the C19 under the direction of Sir Llewelyn Turner, Deputy Constable. In 1908 ownership passed from the Crown to the Office of Works and restoration work continued. This included the reinstatement of floors in most of the towers and reinstatement of the embattled wall walks by 1911. The castle was the venue for the investiture of both C20 Princes of Wales, in 1911 and 1969.
Exterior
Constructed of coursed limestone with darker stone banding to the S and E external façades between the Eagle Tower and NE Tower. The plan is polygonal, resembling a figure of 8, and constructed around an upper and a lower ward in the form of curtain walls and mainly 3-stage polygonal towers with basements (in contrast to the round towers of the town walls). The structure is in 2 main phases. The earlier is the S side, from and including the Eagle Tower to the NE Tower, was constructed mainly in the period 1283-1292, while the N side facing the walled town was built after the uprising of 1294. The curtain walls are embattled with loops to the merlons and a wall walk. Openings are characterised by the frequent use of shouldered lintels, giving rise to the alternative term 'Caernarfon lintel', and 2-centred arches. The towers have reinstated floors of c1911 on original corbels. The outer walls have arrow loops. Windows are mainly narrow single-light, but some of the mullioned windows incorporate transoms.
The principal entrance is the 3-storey King's Gate on the N side. It is reached across the ditch by a modern segmental-arched stone bridge with stone steps to the outer side, replacing the medieval drawbridge. The King's Gate has polygonal towers with 2-light windows to the outer facets in the middle stage and 2-light windows in the upper stage. The entrance is recessed behind a segmental moulded arch. It has a 2-centred arch beneath string courses and 2-light transomed window. Above the main arch is a statue of Edward II in a canopied niche with flanking attached pinnacles.
To the R is the outer wall of the kitchens and then the Well Tower, of 3 stages with basement. The Well Tower has a higher polygonal turret reinstated in the late C19 and full-height square projection on the W side housing the well shaft. The tower has 2-light windows in the middle and upper stages.
The Eagle Tower at the W end is the largest of the towers, having been designed to accommodate the king's lieutenant. It has 3 stages with basement and 3 higher polygonal turrets. The battlements are enriched by carved heads and eagles, although much weathered. On the N side are 2-light windows and an attached stub wall with drawbridge slot. This is the planned water gate through which water-borne supplies were intended to be conveyed to the basement of the Well Tower at high tide, but it was not completed. It has polygonal responds to the gate, a portcullis slot and 2 superimposed windows between the basement and ground-floor levels. On the N side is a flight of stone steps to an arched doorway at basement level. This postern was the main entrance for those approaching by sea. On the S side the curtain wall is built on exposed bedrock and the Queen's Tower, Chamberlain Tower and the Black Tower each have a single higher polygonal turret. The outer faces have only narrow loops. On the W side of the Chamberlain Tower are stone steps to a doorway under a shouldered lintel that led into the great hall. On the E side of the Black Tower is the shorter polygonal Cistern Tower, with the unfinished Queen's Gate at the SE end. Between the Chamberlain Tower and Black Tower the curtain wall is stepped in, from which point there is a substantial raked stone plinth continuing around to the NE Tower. The Queen's Gate has double polygonal towers linked by a straight wall above the gateway, while the openings are all narrow loops. The gateway is raised above a high basement storey (and would have been reached by the building of a massive stone ramp) and is recessed beneath a segmental arch with murder holes. The Watch Tower to the N is narrower and higher than the remaining towers, beyond which is the 2-stage NE Tower, which has a 2-light window. Returning along the N side, which was built after 1295, the curtain wall and the 4-stage Granary Tower incorporate 2-light windows.
The King's Gate has murder holes to the vault and porters' rooms to the L and R, leading to the interior. Internally the castle is planned around an upper ward on the E side and a lower ward on the W side. Through the entrance passage is a 2-storey projection on the R (now housing a shop), the S side of which retains 2 portcullis slots and a vault springer, indicating that a second entrance was built here, although it no longer survives above the foundations. Above the main gate is a former chapel, which retains its original piscina. The upper storey hall has window seats. On the W side of the King's Gate are the foundations of the kitchens in the lower ward, in which are 2 round foundations for copper cauldrons and springer of a former vault. The Well Tower does not have reinstated floors, but in each storey a fireplace and garderobe are retained and in the second stage is a small kitchen above the well chamber. The fireplaces all differ in detail: in the basement is a segmental arch, the lower storey a tripartite lintel, the second stage a projecting lintel on corbels with raked hood, and chamfered lintel to the upper stage. The tower has a full-height newel stair. The basement is reached by external stone steps. Between the Well Tower and Eagle Tower is a restored fireplace with a raked hood in a chamber whose outline walls are visible.
The Eagle Tower has stone steps to the basement to the L of the main doorway, both lower stage and basement having pointed doorways. The upper stages have 2-light windows similar to the outer faces. The thick walls incorporate mural passages and stairs. In the lower stage is a large fireplace with raked hood and a small octagonal chamber that probably served as a chapel. The great chamber in the second stage also has an octagonal chapel, which retains a stoup or piscina. Between the Eagle Tower and the NE Tower the curtain wall and towers have mural passages in addition to the wall walk and generally have stone steps in either straight flights to the wall walks or newel stairs, and most chambers in the towers have associated garderobes. The Queen's Tower, known as the 'Banner Tower' in the C14, and the Chamberlain Tower have chambers in each storey with small square subsidiary chambers that probably served as chapels, and 2-light windows. The Queen's Tower has 3 octagonal chimney shafts behind the parapet. In the Chamberlain Tower the lower storey retains a fireplace with shouldered lintel. Both towers are occupied by the museum of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Between Queen's Tower and Chamberlain Tower are the foundations of the great hall, while the 2 superimposed mural passages in the curtain wall have 2-light windows that formerly opened into the hall.
The Black Tower is smaller than the other towers and has only single chambers in each stage, with cambered fireplace in the upper chamber, and 2-light windows. The Cistern Tower has a vaulted hexagonal chamber beneath an open stone-lined rainwater tank visible on the wall walk. In the unfinished Queen's Gate the position of porters' rooms is discernible in the flanking towers of which the S has a lintelled fireplace while both have garderobes. Portcullis slots and murder holes are in the passage. The upper storey over the passage was to have been a hall but was not completed. The Watch Tower is entered by a doorway at the wall walk level only.
The NE Tower is simpler with single chambers in each stage, as is the Granary Tower, which incorporates a well shaft and has a fireplace with raked hood in the upper stage. Between the NE Tower and the King's Gate the curtain wall has corbels representing former buildings built against the curtain, and its mullioned windows incorporate window seats.
Reasons for Listing
Listed grade I as one of the finest medieval castles in Wales, and unique in its royal associations.
Scheduled Ancient Monument CN 079.
World Heritage Site.
The walk over the walls via the towers. Leaving the Eagle Tower, heading via the Well Tower, around and over the King's Gate, up the Granary Tower, then down the North-East Tower.
around the top of the King's Gate.
Other towers on view from here include the Granary Tower, North-East Tower, Watch Tower and Queen's Gate and the Black Tower.
Digital ID: 1113295. Welles & Co. -- Publisher. c1911
Source: Fifth Avenue, New York, from start to finish. (more info)
Repository: The New York Public Library. Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy.
See more information about this image and others at NYPL Digital Gallery.
Persistent URL: digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/id?1113295
Rights Info: No known copyright restrictions; may be subject to third party rights (for more information, click here)
A visit to Caernarfon Castle in North Wales. It was here in 1911 and 1969 that the Prince of Wales was inaugurated (Prince Edward later Edward VIII and the current Prince of Wales, Prince Charles).
Caernarfon Castle (Welsh: Castell Caernarfon), often anglicized as Carnarvon Castle, is a medieval fortress in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, north-west Wales cared for by Cadw, the Welsh Government's historic environment service. There was a motte-and-bailey castle in the town of Caernarfon from the late 11th century until 1283 when King Edward I of England began replacing it with the current stone structure. The Edwardian town and castle acted as the administrative centre of north Wales and as a result the defences were built on a grand scale. There was a deliberate link with Caernarfon's Roman past and the Roman fort of Segontium is nearby.
While the castle was under construction, town walls were built around Caernarfon. The work cost between £20,000 and £25,000 from the start until the end of work in 1330. Despite Caernarfon Castle's external appearance of being mostly complete, the interior buildings no longer survive and many of the building plans were never finished. The town and castle were sacked in 1294 when Madog ap Llywelyn led a rebellion against the English. Caernarfon was recaptured the following year. During the Glyndŵr Rising of 1400–1415, the castle was besieged. When the Tudor dynasty ascended to the English throne in 1485, tensions between the Welsh and English began to diminish and castles were considered less important. As a result, Caernarfon Castle was allowed to fall into a state of disrepair. Despite its dilapidated condition, during the English Civil War Caernarfon Castle was held by Royalists, and was besieged three times by Parliamentarian forces. This was the last time the castle was used in war. Caernarfon Castle was neglected until the 19th century when the state funded repairs. In 1911, Caernarfon Castle was used for the investiture of the Prince of Wales, and again in 1969. It is part of the World Heritage Site "Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd".
A Grade I listed building.
History
Begun in 1283 and still incomplete when building work ceased c1330. Built for Edward I of England, it combined the roles of fortification, palace and administrative centre. A motte and bailey castle had been built here in the late C11 by Earl Hugh of Chester, although it became a residence of Welsh princes, including Llewelyn ap Gruffudd, after the Welsh regained control of Gwynedd by 1115. The English conquest of N Wales followed quickly after the death of Llewelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282 and Caernarfon was built to consolidate the English gains. Edward I employed James of St George as his architect, who had previously been employed by Philip of Savoy and had designed for him the fortress-palace of St Georges d'Esperanche. James also directed the building other castles for Edward I, including Harlech, Conwy and Beaumaris, using English craftsmen and labourers. The design of Caernarfon Castle echoed the walls of Emperor Constantine's Roman city of Constantinople, which also has polygonal towers and banded stonework, and was thus intended by Edward to be an expression of imperial power. Edward I and Queen Eleanor visited Caernarfon in 1284 and it was said that their son, Edward, the first English prince of Wales, was born at the castle in 1284.
Construction of the castle was integrated with the construction of town walls protecting the newly established borough, the town being situated on the N side of the castle. By 1292 the southern external façade of the castle was probably complete, while on the N side the castle was protected by a ditch and the walled town. The castle was damaged during an uprising in 1294 led by Madog ap Llewelyn, but Edward I swiftly regained control of Caernarfon and the castle, where restoration work began in 1295. The uprising had demonstrated the need to complete the castle's defences on the town side, which were largely built in the period 1295-1301. Work subsequently continued at a slower pace in the period 1304-30 and included the completion of the towers, including the Eagle Tower which was completed 1316-17 and in 1316 the timber-framed 'Hall of Llewelyn', the Welsh prince's residence at Conwy, was dismantled and shipped to Caernarfon. The upper portion of the King's Gate was constructed in 1321 and included a statue of Edward of Caernarfon, who had been crowned Edward II in 1307.
The castle was garrisoned for nearly 2 centuries but was increasingly neglected as hostilities softened from the C16 onwards. The castle was garrisoned for Charles I during the Civil War but was surrendered to the Parliamentarians in 1646. In the C18 the castle became one of the most celebrated of ruins in Wales, which began its present phase as tourist attraction and ancient monument. Restoration was undertaken in the final quarter of the C19 under the direction of Sir Llewelyn Turner, Deputy Constable. In 1908 ownership passed from the Crown to the Office of Works and restoration work continued. This included the reinstatement of floors in most of the towers and reinstatement of the embattled wall walks by 1911. The castle was the venue for the investiture of both C20 Princes of Wales, in 1911 and 1969.
Exterior
Constructed of coursed limestone with darker stone banding to the S and E external façades between the Eagle Tower and NE Tower. The plan is polygonal, resembling a figure of 8, and constructed around an upper and a lower ward in the form of curtain walls and mainly 3-stage polygonal towers with basements (in contrast to the round towers of the town walls). The structure is in 2 main phases. The earlier is the S side, from and including the Eagle Tower to the NE Tower, was constructed mainly in the period 1283-1292, while the N side facing the walled town was built after the uprising of 1294. The curtain walls are embattled with loops to the merlons and a wall walk. Openings are characterised by the frequent use of shouldered lintels, giving rise to the alternative term 'Caernarfon lintel', and 2-centred arches. The towers have reinstated floors of c1911 on original corbels. The outer walls have arrow loops. Windows are mainly narrow single-light, but some of the mullioned windows incorporate transoms.
The principal entrance is the 3-storey King's Gate on the N side. It is reached across the ditch by a modern segmental-arched stone bridge with stone steps to the outer side, replacing the medieval drawbridge. The King's Gate has polygonal towers with 2-light windows to the outer facets in the middle stage and 2-light windows in the upper stage. The entrance is recessed behind a segmental moulded arch. It has a 2-centred arch beneath string courses and 2-light transomed window. Above the main arch is a statue of Edward II in a canopied niche with flanking attached pinnacles.
To the R is the outer wall of the kitchens and then the Well Tower, of 3 stages with basement. The Well Tower has a higher polygonal turret reinstated in the late C19 and full-height square projection on the W side housing the well shaft. The tower has 2-light windows in the middle and upper stages.
The Eagle Tower at the W end is the largest of the towers, having been designed to accommodate the king's lieutenant. It has 3 stages with basement and 3 higher polygonal turrets. The battlements are enriched by carved heads and eagles, although much weathered. On the N side are 2-light windows and an attached stub wall with drawbridge slot. This is the planned water gate through which water-borne supplies were intended to be conveyed to the basement of the Well Tower at high tide, but it was not completed. It has polygonal responds to the gate, a portcullis slot and 2 superimposed windows between the basement and ground-floor levels. On the N side is a flight of stone steps to an arched doorway at basement level. This postern was the main entrance for those approaching by sea. On the S side the curtain wall is built on exposed bedrock and the Queen's Tower, Chamberlain Tower and the Black Tower each have a single higher polygonal turret. The outer faces have only narrow loops. On the W side of the Chamberlain Tower are stone steps to a doorway under a shouldered lintel that led into the great hall. On the E side of the Black Tower is the shorter polygonal Cistern Tower, with the unfinished Queen's Gate at the SE end. Between the Chamberlain Tower and Black Tower the curtain wall is stepped in, from which point there is a substantial raked stone plinth continuing around to the NE Tower. The Queen's Gate has double polygonal towers linked by a straight wall above the gateway, while the openings are all narrow loops. The gateway is raised above a high basement storey (and would have been reached by the building of a massive stone ramp) and is recessed beneath a segmental arch with murder holes. The Watch Tower to the N is narrower and higher than the remaining towers, beyond which is the 2-stage NE Tower, which has a 2-light window. Returning along the N side, which was built after 1295, the curtain wall and the 4-stage Granary Tower incorporate 2-light windows.
The King's Gate has murder holes to the vault and porters' rooms to the L and R, leading to the interior. Internally the castle is planned around an upper ward on the E side and a lower ward on the W side. Through the entrance passage is a 2-storey projection on the R (now housing a shop), the S side of which retains 2 portcullis slots and a vault springer, indicating that a second entrance was built here, although it no longer survives above the foundations. Above the main gate is a former chapel, which retains its original piscina. The upper storey hall has window seats. On the W side of the King's Gate are the foundations of the kitchens in the lower ward, in which are 2 round foundations for copper cauldrons and springer of a former vault. The Well Tower does not have reinstated floors, but in each storey a fireplace and garderobe are retained and in the second stage is a small kitchen above the well chamber. The fireplaces all differ in detail: in the basement is a segmental arch, the lower storey a tripartite lintel, the second stage a projecting lintel on corbels with raked hood, and chamfered lintel to the upper stage. The tower has a full-height newel stair. The basement is reached by external stone steps. Between the Well Tower and Eagle Tower is a restored fireplace with a raked hood in a chamber whose outline walls are visible.
The Eagle Tower has stone steps to the basement to the L of the main doorway, both lower stage and basement having pointed doorways. The upper stages have 2-light windows similar to the outer faces. The thick walls incorporate mural passages and stairs. In the lower stage is a large fireplace with raked hood and a small octagonal chamber that probably served as a chapel. The great chamber in the second stage also has an octagonal chapel, which retains a stoup or piscina. Between the Eagle Tower and the NE Tower the curtain wall and towers have mural passages in addition to the wall walk and generally have stone steps in either straight flights to the wall walks or newel stairs, and most chambers in the towers have associated garderobes. The Queen's Tower, known as the 'Banner Tower' in the C14, and the Chamberlain Tower have chambers in each storey with small square subsidiary chambers that probably served as chapels, and 2-light windows. The Queen's Tower has 3 octagonal chimney shafts behind the parapet. In the Chamberlain Tower the lower storey retains a fireplace with shouldered lintel. Both towers are occupied by the museum of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Between Queen's Tower and Chamberlain Tower are the foundations of the great hall, while the 2 superimposed mural passages in the curtain wall have 2-light windows that formerly opened into the hall.
The Black Tower is smaller than the other towers and has only single chambers in each stage, with cambered fireplace in the upper chamber, and 2-light windows. The Cistern Tower has a vaulted hexagonal chamber beneath an open stone-lined rainwater tank visible on the wall walk. In the unfinished Queen's Gate the position of porters' rooms is discernible in the flanking towers of which the S has a lintelled fireplace while both have garderobes. Portcullis slots and murder holes are in the passage. The upper storey over the passage was to have been a hall but was not completed. The Watch Tower is entered by a doorway at the wall walk level only.
The NE Tower is simpler with single chambers in each stage, as is the Granary Tower, which incorporates a well shaft and has a fireplace with raked hood in the upper stage. Between the NE Tower and the King's Gate the curtain wall has corbels representing former buildings built against the curtain, and its mullioned windows incorporate window seats.
Reasons for Listing
Listed grade I as one of the finest medieval castles in Wales, and unique in its royal associations.
Scheduled Ancient Monument CN 079.
World Heritage Site.
The walk over the walls via the towers. Leaving the Eagle Tower, heading via the Well Tower, around and over the King's Gate, up the Granary Tower, then down the North-East Tower.
Well Tower
Has a well 50 feet (15m) deep and remains of medieval plumbing. The castle's kitchens lie between the Well Tower and the King's Gate.
footbridge
A visit to Caernarfon Castle in North Wales. It was here in 1911 and 1969 that the Prince of Wales was inaugurated (Prince Edward later Edward VIII and the current Prince of Wales, Prince Charles).
Caernarfon Castle (Welsh: Castell Caernarfon), often anglicized as Carnarvon Castle, is a medieval fortress in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, north-west Wales cared for by Cadw, the Welsh Government's historic environment service. There was a motte-and-bailey castle in the town of Caernarfon from the late 11th century until 1283 when King Edward I of England began replacing it with the current stone structure. The Edwardian town and castle acted as the administrative centre of north Wales and as a result the defences were built on a grand scale. There was a deliberate link with Caernarfon's Roman past and the Roman fort of Segontium is nearby.
While the castle was under construction, town walls were built around Caernarfon. The work cost between £20,000 and £25,000 from the start until the end of work in 1330. Despite Caernarfon Castle's external appearance of being mostly complete, the interior buildings no longer survive and many of the building plans were never finished. The town and castle were sacked in 1294 when Madog ap Llywelyn led a rebellion against the English. Caernarfon was recaptured the following year. During the Glyndŵr Rising of 1400–1415, the castle was besieged. When the Tudor dynasty ascended to the English throne in 1485, tensions between the Welsh and English began to diminish and castles were considered less important. As a result, Caernarfon Castle was allowed to fall into a state of disrepair. Despite its dilapidated condition, during the English Civil War Caernarfon Castle was held by Royalists, and was besieged three times by Parliamentarian forces. This was the last time the castle was used in war. Caernarfon Castle was neglected until the 19th century when the state funded repairs. In 1911, Caernarfon Castle was used for the investiture of the Prince of Wales, and again in 1969. It is part of the World Heritage Site "Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd".
A Grade I listed building.
History
Begun in 1283 and still incomplete when building work ceased c1330. Built for Edward I of England, it combined the roles of fortification, palace and administrative centre. A motte and bailey castle had been built here in the late C11 by Earl Hugh of Chester, although it became a residence of Welsh princes, including Llewelyn ap Gruffudd, after the Welsh regained control of Gwynedd by 1115. The English conquest of N Wales followed quickly after the death of Llewelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282 and Caernarfon was built to consolidate the English gains. Edward I employed James of St George as his architect, who had previously been employed by Philip of Savoy and had designed for him the fortress-palace of St Georges d'Esperanche. James also directed the building other castles for Edward I, including Harlech, Conwy and Beaumaris, using English craftsmen and labourers. The design of Caernarfon Castle echoed the walls of Emperor Constantine's Roman city of Constantinople, which also has polygonal towers and banded stonework, and was thus intended by Edward to be an expression of imperial power. Edward I and Queen Eleanor visited Caernarfon in 1284 and it was said that their son, Edward, the first English prince of Wales, was born at the castle in 1284.
Construction of the castle was integrated with the construction of town walls protecting the newly established borough, the town being situated on the N side of the castle. By 1292 the southern external façade of the castle was probably complete, while on the N side the castle was protected by a ditch and the walled town. The castle was damaged during an uprising in 1294 led by Madog ap Llewelyn, but Edward I swiftly regained control of Caernarfon and the castle, where restoration work began in 1295. The uprising had demonstrated the need to complete the castle's defences on the town side, which were largely built in the period 1295-1301. Work subsequently continued at a slower pace in the period 1304-30 and included the completion of the towers, including the Eagle Tower which was completed 1316-17 and in 1316 the timber-framed 'Hall of Llewelyn', the Welsh prince's residence at Conwy, was dismantled and shipped to Caernarfon. The upper portion of the King's Gate was constructed in 1321 and included a statue of Edward of Caernarfon, who had been crowned Edward II in 1307.
The castle was garrisoned for nearly 2 centuries but was increasingly neglected as hostilities softened from the C16 onwards. The castle was garrisoned for Charles I during the Civil War but was surrendered to the Parliamentarians in 1646. In the C18 the castle became one of the most celebrated of ruins in Wales, which began its present phase as tourist attraction and ancient monument. Restoration was undertaken in the final quarter of the C19 under the direction of Sir Llewelyn Turner, Deputy Constable. In 1908 ownership passed from the Crown to the Office of Works and restoration work continued. This included the reinstatement of floors in most of the towers and reinstatement of the embattled wall walks by 1911. The castle was the venue for the investiture of both C20 Princes of Wales, in 1911 and 1969.
Exterior
Constructed of coursed limestone with darker stone banding to the S and E external façades between the Eagle Tower and NE Tower. The plan is polygonal, resembling a figure of 8, and constructed around an upper and a lower ward in the form of curtain walls and mainly 3-stage polygonal towers with basements (in contrast to the round towers of the town walls). The structure is in 2 main phases. The earlier is the S side, from and including the Eagle Tower to the NE Tower, was constructed mainly in the period 1283-1292, while the N side facing the walled town was built after the uprising of 1294. The curtain walls are embattled with loops to the merlons and a wall walk. Openings are characterised by the frequent use of shouldered lintels, giving rise to the alternative term 'Caernarfon lintel', and 2-centred arches. The towers have reinstated floors of c1911 on original corbels. The outer walls have arrow loops. Windows are mainly narrow single-light, but some of the mullioned windows incorporate transoms.
The principal entrance is the 3-storey King's Gate on the N side. It is reached across the ditch by a modern segmental-arched stone bridge with stone steps to the outer side, replacing the medieval drawbridge. The King's Gate has polygonal towers with 2-light windows to the outer facets in the middle stage and 2-light windows in the upper stage. The entrance is recessed behind a segmental moulded arch. It has a 2-centred arch beneath string courses and 2-light transomed window. Above the main arch is a statue of Edward II in a canopied niche with flanking attached pinnacles.
To the R is the outer wall of the kitchens and then the Well Tower, of 3 stages with basement. The Well Tower has a higher polygonal turret reinstated in the late C19 and full-height square projection on the W side housing the well shaft. The tower has 2-light windows in the middle and upper stages.
The Eagle Tower at the W end is the largest of the towers, having been designed to accommodate the king's lieutenant. It has 3 stages with basement and 3 higher polygonal turrets. The battlements are enriched by carved heads and eagles, although much weathered. On the N side are 2-light windows and an attached stub wall with drawbridge slot. This is the planned water gate through which water-borne supplies were intended to be conveyed to the basement of the Well Tower at high tide, but it was not completed. It has polygonal responds to the gate, a portcullis slot and 2 superimposed windows between the basement and ground-floor levels. On the N side is a flight of stone steps to an arched doorway at basement level. This postern was the main entrance for those approaching by sea. On the S side the curtain wall is built on exposed bedrock and the Queen's Tower, Chamberlain Tower and the Black Tower each have a single higher polygonal turret. The outer faces have only narrow loops. On the W side of the Chamberlain Tower are stone steps to a doorway under a shouldered lintel that led into the great hall. On the E side of the Black Tower is the shorter polygonal Cistern Tower, with the unfinished Queen's Gate at the SE end. Between the Chamberlain Tower and Black Tower the curtain wall is stepped in, from which point there is a substantial raked stone plinth continuing around to the NE Tower. The Queen's Gate has double polygonal towers linked by a straight wall above the gateway, while the openings are all narrow loops. The gateway is raised above a high basement storey (and would have been reached by the building of a massive stone ramp) and is recessed beneath a segmental arch with murder holes. The Watch Tower to the N is narrower and higher than the remaining towers, beyond which is the 2-stage NE Tower, which has a 2-light window. Returning along the N side, which was built after 1295, the curtain wall and the 4-stage Granary Tower incorporate 2-light windows.
The King's Gate has murder holes to the vault and porters' rooms to the L and R, leading to the interior. Internally the castle is planned around an upper ward on the E side and a lower ward on the W side. Through the entrance passage is a 2-storey projection on the R (now housing a shop), the S side of which retains 2 portcullis slots and a vault springer, indicating that a second entrance was built here, although it no longer survives above the foundations. Above the main gate is a former chapel, which retains its original piscina. The upper storey hall has window seats. On the W side of the King's Gate are the foundations of the kitchens in the lower ward, in which are 2 round foundations for copper cauldrons and springer of a former vault. The Well Tower does not have reinstated floors, but in each storey a fireplace and garderobe are retained and in the second stage is a small kitchen above the well chamber. The fireplaces all differ in detail: in the basement is a segmental arch, the lower storey a tripartite lintel, the second stage a projecting lintel on corbels with raked hood, and chamfered lintel to the upper stage. The tower has a full-height newel stair. The basement is reached by external stone steps. Between the Well Tower and Eagle Tower is a restored fireplace with a raked hood in a chamber whose outline walls are visible.
The Eagle Tower has stone steps to the basement to the L of the main doorway, both lower stage and basement having pointed doorways. The upper stages have 2-light windows similar to the outer faces. The thick walls incorporate mural passages and stairs. In the lower stage is a large fireplace with raked hood and a small octagonal chamber that probably served as a chapel. The great chamber in the second stage also has an octagonal chapel, which retains a stoup or piscina. Between the Eagle Tower and the NE Tower the curtain wall and towers have mural passages in addition to the wall walk and generally have stone steps in either straight flights to the wall walks or newel stairs, and most chambers in the towers have associated garderobes. The Queen's Tower, known as the 'Banner Tower' in the C14, and the Chamberlain Tower have chambers in each storey with small square subsidiary chambers that probably served as chapels, and 2-light windows. The Queen's Tower has 3 octagonal chimney shafts behind the parapet. In the Chamberlain Tower the lower storey retains a fireplace with shouldered lintel. Both towers are occupied by the museum of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Between Queen's Tower and Chamberlain Tower are the foundations of the great hall, while the 2 superimposed mural passages in the curtain wall have 2-light windows that formerly opened into the hall.
The Black Tower is smaller than the other towers and has only single chambers in each stage, with cambered fireplace in the upper chamber, and 2-light windows. The Cistern Tower has a vaulted hexagonal chamber beneath an open stone-lined rainwater tank visible on the wall walk. In the unfinished Queen's Gate the position of porters' rooms is discernible in the flanking towers of which the S has a lintelled fireplace while both have garderobes. Portcullis slots and murder holes are in the passage. The upper storey over the passage was to have been a hall but was not completed. The Watch Tower is entered by a doorway at the wall walk level only.
The NE Tower is simpler with single chambers in each stage, as is the Granary Tower, which incorporates a well shaft and has a fireplace with raked hood in the upper stage. Between the NE Tower and the King's Gate the curtain wall has corbels representing former buildings built against the curtain, and its mullioned windows incorporate window seats.
Reasons for Listing
Listed grade I as one of the finest medieval castles in Wales, and unique in its royal associations.
Scheduled Ancient Monument CN 079.
World Heritage Site.
The walk over the walls via the towers. Leaving the Eagle Tower, heading via the Well Tower, around and over the King's Gate, up the Granary Tower, then down the North-East Tower.
The last tower before I went down for the last time - the North-East Tower.
View towards the Chamberlain Tower, Queen's Tower, Eagle Tower, also the King's Gate and Granary Tower.
Investiture Dias is to the left of up here.
The disc of Welsh slate was the site of the investiture of the Prince of Wales in 1969.
In the foreground is the Union Trunk Line (part of Seattle Electric Company at this point)'s dual-mode transit coach. It clamped on a cable for the ride up James Street from Pioneer Square to Broadway. There, it raised the power pole and continued as a streetcar. I think I can read the end of "Beacon Hill" across the top of the car.
Back left is the Pioneer Square pergola, which at the time sheltered seats as well as steps down to a bathroom. In the distance on the right is the clock of Burnett Brothers, which moved up to 2nd Avenue by the time this postcard was mailed.
Definitely taken no later than June 8, 1911, when this postcard was canceled by the post office. Or April, when the clock moved.
Now posted to Wikimedia.
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