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Opus 40 is six-acre environmental bluestone sculpture built from abandoned quarry by one man, Harvey Fite, sculptor (1903-1976) over a period of 37 years. It is made of finely fitted bluestones up to nine tons in weight, which Fite single-handedly moved using ancient Egiptian methods of leverage and hoisting and creating the largest sculpture in the world when measured by surface area. Quarryman's Museum was built by Fite to house his collection of quarryman's tools and artifacs and represented quarrying equipment and tools that quarryman used every day for farming, blacksmithing, carpentry, etc. Furnishing from quarryman's household are also on display - e.g. stove, cupboard. In 2001 Opus 40 was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
Address: 50 Fite Road, Saugerties, NY, 12477 USA
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It is funny how sometimes my eye sees, what the camera doesn't see... and then there are times, where I think I see something, and it turns out the camera saw different.
A few peaceful minutes late in the evening on the beach at Bluestone Bay near Port Fairy in Victoria, Australia.
Looks like a good spot to start a TFS meetup. (makes a note)
Rolleiflex 2.8F - Carl Zeiss Planar 80mm 1:2.8 - Lomography Berlin 400 @ ASA-400
Cinestill D96 (Stock) 6:30 @ 20C
Scanner: Epson V700
Editor: Adobe Photoshop CC
This sandstone (a feldspathic greywacke) was widely used for sidewalks and the like in New York City, back in the day.
The famous hills from whence came the Bluestones of Stonehenge, pictured with the memorial monolith to poet Waldo Williams, 1904-1971. Married Linda Llewellyn in 1941 who sadly died just two years later. In 1950 he protested against the Korean war by refusing to pay income tax, a protest he maintained long after the war, ceasing only upon the ending of National Service. During this time he served two terms of inprisonment for non payment of income tax. He died in hospital at Haverfordwest and is buried at Llandysilio, Pembrokeshire.
In the middle distance, being admired by two people, ( click the picture to zoom in ) is one of two standing stones brought down from the hills above in April 1989. the other being transported in the same manner as were the original bluestones to Wiltshire
Taken in one of Melbourne's many Alleys after some rain. I think the foreground may be a little bit distracting. Need to use a higher DOF next time, but was already shooting at high ISO, had poor lighting and did not want to drown the subject in flash.
The five-storey bluestone flour mill at Smeaton was built in 1861 at the height of the gold rush.One of the earliest mills, it processed flour and oats and was key to manufacturing one of the key staples on the goldfields - porridge.
The Great Western Steam Up was held on the grounds of the Nevada State Railroad Museum from July 1 – July 4, 2022, in celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Virginia & Truckee Railroad. Nine operating steam locomotives were featured with many more on display. The event was billed as the largest reunion of existing V&T locomotives in over 75 years.
Daily events included rides behind visiting narrow and standard-gauge steam locomotives, a daily pageant of steam locomotives, historical vehicle and equipment displays, local food trucks, live entertainment, and “lost art” demonstrations.
The featured locomotives were:
Glenbrook, narrow gauge 2-6-0 (Baldwin 1875) built for the Carson & Tahoe Lumber & Fluming Company and used at Glenbrook, Nevada, along with an identical twin, Tahoe (see NCNG 5, below). It last ran in the 1920s and was acquired by the Nevada County Narrow Gauge for parts. In the 1940s it was placed on exhibit at the Nevada State Museum in Carson City and beginning in 1981 was restored to service (completed in 2015). It has been returned to its 1875 appearance.
No. 1, Joe. Douglass, narrow gauge 0-4-2T (H. K. Porter 1882) built for the Dayton, Sutro & Carson Valley Railroad. It operated at a mine in Dayton, Nevada, and later helped build Lake Arrowhead dam in California. It was cosmetically restored to its present appearance in 1994 and is displayed at the Nevada State Railroad Museum. It is a wood burner, but not operational.
No. 1, narrow gauge 0-4-0T (Porter 1889) built for the Sacramento Brick Company. It was later acquired by Hal Wilmunder and operated on his private Antelope & Western Railroad near Roseville, California. The engine is now owned and cared for by the Wilmunder family, and can usually be seen at the NCNG Museum in Nevada City, Calif.
No. 1, standard gauge 2-truck Heisler (Heisler Locomotive Works 1916), built for Bluestone Mining & Smelting. It originally worked on a 2.5 mile line near Mason, Nevada, before being acquired by a quarry in California. This oil-fired locomotive is owned by Chris Baldo and sees frequent use at Roots of Motive Power in Willits, California.
No. 1, Lyon, standard gauge 2-6-0 (Gentry/Strasburg/Kloke) which is a partially completed replica of the first locomotive built for the Virginia & Truckee. The original was manufactured by the Union Iron Works of San Francisco in 1869. The full-scale working replica was donated to the Nevada State Railroad Museum by Stan Gentry, builder, and is being completed by the museum shop staff. It will burn wood as did the original.
No. 3, standard gauge 0-4-0T (Porter 1909) built for the Santa Cruz Portland Cement Company. Upon retirement it was used as a billboard for a chicken restaurant in Stockton, California. It was restored to service by Stathi Pappas beginning in 2006 and is currently located at the Placerville & Sacramento Valley Railroad in Folsom, California. Nicknamed “Chiggen,” it is oil-fired.
No. 4, Eureka, narrow gauge 4-4-0 (Baldwin 1875), built for the Eureka & Palisade Railroad. Retired in 1938, it was later featured in several Hollywood movies. This classic wood-fired locomotive was restored by Dan Markoff in the 1980s and is usually kept at his home in North Las Vegas, Nevada.
No. 5, Tahoe, narrow gauge 2-6-0 (Baldwin 1875) built for the Carson & Tahoe Lumber & Fluming Company and used in logging service. It was later sold to the Nevada County Narrow Gauge of Grass Valley, Calif., and was retired in 1942. It then appeared in numerous movies and TV shows for owner Universal Pictures. No. 5 is now part of the NCNG Museum in Nevada City, Calif., and was restored to service in May 2022. This oil-fired locomotive has been restored to its 1940s appearance.
No. 8, standard gauge 4-4-0 (Cooke Locomotive & Machine Works 1888) built for the Denver, Texas & Fort Worth Railroad, and later operated on the Dardanelle & Russellville in Arkansas. It was used in 1976 on the V&T tourist railroad at Virginia City. Oil fired, it last steamed in the early 2000s.
No. 11, Reno, standard gauge 4-4-0 (Baldwin 1872) built for the Virginia & Truckee. The most renown of all V&T’s Americans, the Reno was retired in 1937 and sold to a movie studio. It spent over fifty years at Old Tucson Studios in Arizona before being acquired by the V&T tourist railroad of Virginia City, Nevada, in 2021. It is currently under restoration. Oil fired.
No. 12, Genoa, standard gauge 4-4-0 (Baldwin 1873) built for the Virginia & Truckee. It was a back-up locomotive to the Reno and was retired in 1908. For the past 40 years it’s been on indoor static display at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento. It last ran in 1979 and was never converted from burning wood to burning oil, like most V&T 4-4-0s were.
No. 18, narrow gauge 4-6-0 (Baldwin 1911), built for the Nevada-California-Oregon and last used by the Southern Pacific. Restored by Carson & Colorado Inc. in 2017 after being on display in an Independence, Calif., park since 1954. It is normally kept at the Eastern California Museum in Independence. Oil fired.
No. 18, Dayton, standard gauge 4-4-0 (Central Pacific Sacramento Shops 1873) built for the Virginia & Truckee. Ran on the V&T for nearly seven decades before being acquired by a movie studio. It was cosmetically restored for display in 1982 by the Nevada State Railroad Museum. Oil fired.
No. 21, J. W. Bowker, standard gauge 2-4-0 (Baldwin 1875) built for the Virginia & Truckee. Bowker served as a switch engine in Virginia City. It was later purchased by the Sierra Nevada Wood & Lumber Company. Wood-fueled but not currently operational, it has been exhibited at the California State Railroad since 1976. An oil burner, it is not currently operational.
No. 22, Inyo, standard gauge 4-4-0 (Baldwin 1875), built for the Virginia & Truckee Railroad. It served in passenger service and was nicknamed “Brass Betsy.” It was later sold to Paramount Pictures and appeared McLintock, Union Pacific, and The Great Locomotive Chase. Restored to operation in 1983 and currently housed at the Nevada State Railroad Museum. Wood fired.
No. 25, standard gauge 4-6-0 (Baldwin 1905) built for the Virginia & Truckee to handle both freight and passenger trains. It was the first new steam locomotive purchased by the V&T and replaced older 4-4-0s on the passenger run between Reno and Carson City. Oil fired, it was restored to operation in 1980 and sees frequent service at the Nevada State Railroad Museum.
Kyneton.
The Carlsruhe sheep run taken up in 1838 by Ebden covered a huge area from modern Woodend to Kyneton. In 1839 it was split into two pastoral runs and the run near Kyneton was taken over my Charles Wedge and then shortly after by Henry Jeffreys who built his slab homestead on the current town site astride the Campaspe River. In 1848 Henry Jeffreys went into partnership with Lieutenant Governor Charles La Trobe as this was still part of NSW then (the Governor was based in Sydney but the Lieutenant Governor was based on Port Phillip Bay.) Perhaps not coincidentally a small courthouse was established in 1848 on the Campaspe River at this spot after La Trobe had visited his and his partner’s property. La Trobe decided to make the courthouse site a town site which he called Kyneton after the birthplace of Henry Jeffreys’ wife who was born in Kineton Warwickshire. The town was gazetted as Kyneton in 1850 just before the first gold was found at Bendigo and around Mt Alexander in late 1851. Kyneton grew quickly as it was a resting place on the journey from Melbourne to Bendigo and impressive basaltic bluestone buildings were erected as there was a plentiful supply of good bluestone between Kyneton and Taradale. By the late 1850s there was an impressive array of bluestone public buildings in Kyneton including: the Kyneton Courthouse erected in 1856; the Anglian church (built 1852 and rebuilt 1856 with the west tower added 1928); the Congregational Church (built 1853 and rebuilt 1860 but now a theatre); the Mechanics Institute built 1854 (and rebuilt 1897); the Catholic Church built in 1857, the Presbyterian Church also built in 1857 and numerous banks, shops, the school (built in 1855, extended 1861 and in 1906 and still in use as the state school) and the hospital. Also built in the 1850s in bluestone was the De Graves three storey flourmill (1857) a few kilometres out of the town and another steam flourmill for Willis Brothers was built partially in bluestone in Piper Street in 1862. Some notable houses and residences were also built in the 1850s including the Attic House in 1858, the rear part of Carn Brae built in 1854 and Inverugie opposite the old town school which was built in 1858. The two storey grand Kyneton Hospital built between 1854 and 1856 with an amazing little morgue behind it of the same vintage as it was built in 1859 when the east wing was added to the hospital. The west wing was added in 1874. The hospital’s lacework wrought iron veranda was added in 1910 thus destroying the Georgian appearance of the hospital. General use of the hospital ceased in 1942. Alas it is now vacant and vandalised but there are plans to restore it and convert it into apartments. The oldest house in Kyneton is believed to be the Anglican rectory built in 1853. One of the many fine two storey banks - the former Bank of NSW built in 1856 is now the town museum which has the homestead of Theaden station (1840) relocated in its grounds.
Keyneton also has a fine Botanic Garden along the edge of the Campaspe River. It was established in the 1880s although the site was reserved for this purpose back in 1867. Across the river from the Botanic Gardens is the bluestone railway station and goods shed which were built in 1862. Some of the later buildings of Kyneton, not in bluestone, are also of great interest. They include the rebuilt Royal George Hotel which was built in its current style in 1915 to replace an earlier structure from 1860 which was called the Diggers Arms Hotel; the wonderful Art Nouveau style Bank of New South Wales built in 1904 in Mollison Street; the impressive Post Office and tower built in 1871; the Congregational Sunday School built in Arts and Crafts style in 1898; the former Kyneton Market on the corner of Piper and Ebden Streets built in 1878 which is again being sued for that purpose; and the slightly bizarre Ellim Eek house with tower and griffins along the roof which was built in 1890 and remodelled in 1906 with the griffins etc. It is now used as solicitor’s offices. Many of the shops of Kyneton date from the 1850s but one in classical style is worth special mention as it was constructed in 1852 exemplifying the optimism and confidence of the early settlers of Kyneton because of the nearby goldfields. This fine classical store is at 68 Piper Street almost opposite the town museum.
A carved / sculpted bluestone bench on the corner of a small entertainment area.
Bluestone is a form of basalt (and not granite as I had always assumed!)
The Scottish City.
Although Dunedin began as a strictly Scottish settlement hence the building of the First Church – a Presbyterian Church – it still remains a Scottish influenced city. The town street plan mimics the romantic layout of Edinburgh after which it was named. The city streetscapes have many solid stone buildings reminiscent of Edinburgh itself. In the 1850s over 12,000 Scots landed in Dunedin. But the gold rushes of 1861 near Dunedin and further inland in Otago diluted the Scottish influence but did not diminish the power of the Scots in the city. The diggers from England, Australia, Italy, France and Jewish communities of Europe flocked to the city. By the mid-1860s the city had Anglican, Methodist (1869), Congregational (1864), Baptist (1863) and other churches. It even had a synagogue, the first built in NZ in 1864. By 1865 Dunedin was the largest city in NZ. New suburbs with Scottish names were developed- St Kilda, Leith Valley, Kenmure, Shiel Hill, MacAndrew Bay etc. Its links with Scotland were difficult as Dunedin is the world’s furthest city from London and Edinburgh, even further than Invercargill. The early political leader of the city was Captain William Cargill who was the Superintendent of Otago Province and a member of parliament for Dunedin. He died in 1860 as the city’s Scottish influence was waning. Mount Cargill overlooks the city, there is a Cargill road intersection near his old house and there is also a fine stone memorial to William Cargill in Princes Street near the Octagon which was erected in 1864. Most of his children stayed on living in Dunedin or Christchurch. One son Edward became a business leader of Dunedin and called his mansion Cargill’s Castle but it is now in ruins. The Caledonian Society of Otago was formed in 1862 and the first Highlands Games were held that year too. Dunedin still has an annual Highland Games event. Dunedin tartan was registered in Scotland in 1988.
The city prospered after the gold rushes and business boomed as the Art Gallery (1884), the first in NZ was established, the University of Otago (1869) was also the first university in NZ, the Otago Girls High School (1871) was the first public/state girls’ high school in the world etc. Dunedin was also one of the first cities in the world to have cable trams (1881), which were needed because of the steepness of some streets. William Hodgkins the “father of art” in NZ lived in Dunedin and he was the man who established the Art Gallery in 1884 but was also a well-known water colourist and one of the first to paint the Southern Alps and the Canterbury Plains. One of his daughters, Francis went on to become NZ’s best known artist and England’s too by the time of her death in 1947. Dunedin had the first daily newspaper in NZ and it was the first place in NZ to export frozen meat to England in 1881. But the city of firsts and the leading city of NZ was bypassed by Auckland in 1900 and has declined in economic but not cultural importance since. Many of the early NZ companies, which were founded in Dunedin, moved out or established bigger factories and branches in Auckland including Shacklock the iron foundry and implement maker who became Fisher and Paykel in Auckland, Kempthorne Prosser the fertiliser and drugs manufacturer, Fletcher Construction Company, Methven the tap makers, Mosgiel Woollen Mills etc. The stationers Coulls who also began in Dunedin later became Whitcoulls which still operates across NZ. Several insurance companies which had been founded in Dunedin also moved to Auckland and began national operations from there. Dunedin began to decline industrially but not culturally. The University is the largest single employer of the South Island and most, but not all, of its operations are based in Dunedin. Even exports of frozen meat and wool have declined in recent decades but NZ lamb is still well known in Britain. Today with a lively arts, music and literature scene, the university and with tourism Dunedin has slow but steady population growth again. It is considered a “nice” place to live and work because of its size, and its many charming Victorian buildings and houses. Dunedin has 218 buildings on the NZ Heritage Register. The city now has about 125,000 inhabitants many still with Scottish origins.
Olveston House, 42 Royal Terrace.
Admission to this beautiful mansion is $NZ 19.50 on a guided tour but the grounds and gardens are free. The house was built for a successful Dunedin businessman, David Theomin. He in arrived in Dunedin in 1879 and was part of the English Jewish community of Dunedin. He established the Dresden Piano Company at 29 Princes Street which soon had branches in five NZ cities. The Company name was changed to the Bristol Piano Company during World War One. He also invested in the Sawyers Bay tannery company in Dunedin which his son managed until his death in 1927. He was involved in many civic organisations including the Dunedin Art Gallery, Prisoners’ Aid Society, Chamber of Commerce, Dunedin Male Choir etc. In 1904 to 1906 he had a new house built on Royal Terrace which was designed by a London architect. Theomin died in 1933 and was survived by one daughter only, Dorothy who never married. She continued living at Olveston using it as a social centre for many organisations of which she was a member until just before her death in 1966. In her will she left Olveston to the City of Dunedin and the Dunedin Art Gallery who in turn created the Theomin Gallery Management Committee which still runs Olveston House. The house was built in the Jacobean style so popular with Scots although Theomin was not a Scot. Its 35 rooms are full of the furniture and collections of David Theomin who collected paintings by William and Francis Hodgkins, ceramics from around the world especially Japan etc. It is the art collection and contents which make this house so special and worth visiting. Theomin was wealthy and only had the best of objects and he employed craftsmen to build the house. It is Edwardian opulence at its best decorated with 240 paintings, antiques and dozens of objet d’art.
University of Otago. This first university in NZ was established in 1869 opening with students in 1871. (The University of Adelaide began teaching in 1876). It began in a city building before transferring to the main tower building in 1878. The architect Maxwell Bury worked in conjunction with Mountford in Christchurch but he moved to Dunedin for a few years after he won a public competition for the design of the new university. Many of Bury’s other buildings have been demolished and this is his finest. From its early days it has had several residential colleges which has grown to 14 colleges now and today it has around 21,000 students in attendance. Apart from Dunedin it has a major medical school campus attached to Christchurch hospital in Canterbury. The medical school is still one of only two in NZ and it is the earliest being founded in 1875. It is the only university in NZ to provide dentistry education. The University employs almost 4,000 staff and is the major employer in Dunedin. It teaches science, medical science, arts, law, education (since 2007) and business. Around 10% of its students are Maori and Pacific Islanders. From its inception it taught law and Otago was the first university in Australasia to allow women to enrol in law degrees. Its first female student graduated in 1897. In terms of research and academic reputation it is the second university of NZ after the University of Auckland. Some of the most prestigious and gothic style boarding colleges are Knox College, Presbyterian founded in 1909, by the Botanic Gardens; Selwyn, the Anglican College established in 1893 on Cumberland Street by All Saints Anglican Church; and St Margaret’s College, Presbyterian founded in 1911 in Leith Street. If you walk around the campus you will find a group of buildings around the Clock Tower building all in a similar style. The Clock Tower building is the Registry; of the same dimensions and behind it is the Geology building; to the north of these are the professional houses; to the south of the Clock Tower are the Hall, the Staff Club, the Theatre and the School of Mines. This complex of Gothic buildings was completed in 1883. With corbels, towers, oriel windows and gables the style is often referred to as Scottish Baronial. No wonder Maxwell Bury’s design won the competition in such a Scottish city! The theatre and some other buildings were completed in 1914 with the last of the group finished in 1923.Look for the oriel widow and Gothic towers on the Hall (Marama Hall) which is a superb structure and the beautiful Archway Building. All these buildings were completed in Otago bluestone with white Oamaru limestone quoins.
Bluestone Bay, Freycinet National Park, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
Rounded boulders polished by the action of the waves that pound this bay.
Specifications : Canon 5D, 16-35mm 2.8L, Gitzo tripod, polarizing filter, ISO 100, f18, shutter 0.8 seconds.
No need to comment on these - I'm uploading a series of shots from our woods. In this area, the bluestone breaks the surface of the ground. You can see how this dense sandstone would split along clear lines, and there is a lot of quarrying of this rock, to use as walkways.
Fluffy Teddy-bear Jacket - aliexpress
Tee - ?
Long Denim Shorts - KMart
Fishnet Tights - Myer
Patent Lace-up Boots - Target
Middleton.
In one sense white settlement here began in 1849 when the first 80 acre section of land was purchased by Thomas Higgins for land speculation. Higgins had taken up a large estate along Currency Creek further inland in 1840 upon which he built his Higginsbrook homestead. But when a canal was proposed to link Goolwa and Freeman’s Knob (Port Elliot) and then a railway he took the opportunity to indulge in some land speculation along its coastal route. He purchased one 80 acre section. Work began on the railway in 1851 (long before the feasibility of river transport up the Murray was resolved) and it was completed in 1853 with a crossing point which needed double tracks so that the horse drawn trains could pass. This spot was named Middletown. In 1869 when the horse railway was extended to Strathalbyn its track bypassed Goolwa and joined the Port Elliot tracks at Middleton. With a siding constructed in 1854 a small town began to emerge here and Higgins’ land speculation paid off when he subdivided some land for town blocks in 1856. He named it Middleton (not Middletown). A small store had opened in 1854 and the largest building in Middleton the Bowman flourmill was completed in 1855 before the town was created. Bowman’s flourmill was added to in the 1860s. The town of Middleton took shape from 1857 with an early Congregational Church (1859) and the Bible Christian Methodist church opening in 1863, a brickworks being established in 1857 and the Middleton Inn opened in 1859 and the original town school room started up in 1861 at 6 William Street. Much later the Education Department was established in 1875 and a fine bluestone Gothic style state school was erected in the town in 1880. It closed in 1968 and became part of the pioneer hall – the original institute erected in 1901.
The large three storey flourmill still exists in Middleton next to the important railway siding. It its heyday wheat milled here was shipped as flour up the Murray River from Goolwa to the Darling and to the goldfields of Bendigo from Echuca. The extension of the railway line to Strathalbyn in 1869 expanded the wheat growing areas that could service the flourmill. When the train line was converted from horse power to steam engines and linked to Port Adelaide through Mt Barker Junction in 1884 Middleton declined and the flourmill with it. At that time the Strathalbyn line was redirected to Middleton through Goolwa. The original flourmill owners was William Bowman. William had cropping acreages at Finniss along the Finniss River and he farmed in the Milang area from 1844 to 1854 before he set up the flourmill in 1855. William Bowman appears to have created Bowmans & Co around 1869 with Alexander Bowman to operate the mill into the 1870s. William Bowman and his mill went into insolvency in January 1886 when competition from Port Adelaide saw its gradual demise. William was dead by March 1886. New millers took over and the mill finally closed in 1915 when the labour supply dwindled as men enlisted for World War One. The last miller was Henry Ellis. When the rail line came from Strathalbyn the station was directly opposite the flourmill. Public meetings were held as early as 1858 in the Bowman flourmill urging a railway line from Strathalbyn to Middleton.
The notable buildings of Middleton are Fortuna a superb Georgian house with symmetry and simplicity that looks as if it was erected in the 1860s. After the inauguration of the Strathalbyn to Middleton railway in 1869 a new general store with five sides in a Romanesque style with rounded windows was attached to Fortuna House. It later became a post office, a temperance hotel, a shop and in more recent decades a cafe and gallery. Fortuna is now privately owned as a residence. Mindacowie House was built as a Temperance Hotel. John Abbott of Glenford farm at Middleton built Mindacowie for his sisters Jessie and Ruth in 1899. They ran it as a Temperance Hotel for several decades. In latter years it has been a bed and breakfast establishment but is now a residence. The old Bible Christian Methodist Church has closed (1971) as a church but was operated as a restaurant a few years ago but is now a residence too. It opened in 1863.