View allAll Photos Tagged bituminous
Deseret Power Railway afternoon loads begins the stiff climb out of the Martian-esque Coyote Basin with 7200 tons of bituminous coal for the Bonanza Power Plant.
Kimmeridge Bay forms part of the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site. The coast is also part of a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and the whole area is part of the Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Kimmeridge is the type locality for Kimmeridge clay, the geological formation that covers most of the area. Within the clay are bands of bituminous shale. An oil well has operated on the shore of Kimmeridge Bay since 1959. The bay is roughly semi-circular, facing southwest. It is backed by low cliffs of Kimmeridge clay, and beneath the cliffs is a large wave-cut platform and a rocky shore with rock pools and attendant ecology. Kimmeridge Bay is a surfer and diver area.
CSX R24013 passes the C&O style bracket masts at West End Pauley with a short train of empty hoppers. This set of signals is a bit newer than the others nearby, dating back to the Chessie era. There used to be two sidings on the west side of Pikeville, one named Pauley, and the other Wagner. The sidings were combined around 1980 to make one large siding about five miles long. C&O style signal heads remained employed for the new interlockings, complete with the inverted top heads. I'm not exactly sure what a train this short was for, although likely the coal will go to one of the less-than-trainload costumers that still uses bituminous from central Appalachia.
After bringing up the rear on trains of anthracite, this ex-Lehigh Valley caboose ended up working in the bituminous coal fields of western Pennsylvania. This is the rear of the Pittsburg and Shawmut train passing the station at Timblin, Pennsylvania in my previous post.
Papilio machaon ( Linnaeus 1758)
Macaon
Buscando orugas de macaon en los hinojos ha aparecido esta joven preciosidad aleteando sin parar entre las flores de Bituminaria bituminosa a la vez que degustaba sus néctares.
Searching for macaon caterpillars in the fennel, this young beauty appeared, flapping non-stop among the Bituminaria bituminous flowers while tasting their nectars.
À la recherche de chenilles de macaon dans le fenouil, cette jeune beauté est apparue, flottant sans arrêt parmi les fleurs bitumineuses de Bituminaria tout en dégustant leurs nectars.
Doug Harrop Photography • September 14, 1978
An impressive display a EMD horsepower moves a Union Pacific coal train up the 1.14% grade through Echo Canyon at Curvo, five miles from the 6,842 ft. summit at Wahsatch, Utah.
Bituminous coal from the United States Fuel mine at Mohrland, Utah was shipped by the Utah Railway, Union Pacific, and Rock Island to the Union Electric generating station at Labadie, Missouri.
Over a mile of Wyoming bituminous is curving down off Crawford Hill, passing over the Niobrara River on its way down to Alliance.
Enroute Dholavira as the bituminous cut through the white vastness of salt (Rann of Kutch), we found a shade of vermillion. It was beautiful.
On the afternoon of August 1, 2022, UP coal train CNRBV labors up the stiff grade at Converse Junction on BNSF’s Orin Subdivision. Operating on a longstanding trackage rights agreement, the train will diverge onto home rails in 52 miles at Shawnee Junction. Roaring EMD 16-710s fill the desolate Wyoming air as a misplaced NS SD70ACe hitches a ride back east.
This afternoon in the Powder River Basin was uncharacteristically busy given the depressing state of coal, with a seemingly endless flow of trains arriving at or waiting to depart the mines. This traffic jam would persist for several hours, as the railroads gave me a glimpse at what things may have looked like during the Basin’s prime. At this time, there was minimal car storage along the Orin line – a sight commonly found today as more coal sets become idled.
Just off the departure loop at North Rochelle Mine, this load is destined for Cedar Rapids, IA, and will be unloaded at Archer-Daniels-Midland’s massive corn processing plant, which features a 6-unit, 256-megawatt power plant. Sub-bituminous coal remains the plant’s energy source in 2025, and is critical for drying, fermentation, and distillation.
When you visit the historic gold mining sites you get a nice little demonstration of blacksmithing done the old fashioned way. I could almost get sucked into dabbling in the craft, if it weren't for the red hot forges, the hammers that weigh a gazillion pounds, and the chance to suck copious amounts of bituminous coal and industrial coke into my lungs. Other than that, it could be a great hobby--I like the idea of having a right arm like Popeye.
Here, one of the blacksmiths at Marshall Gold Discovery State Park pounds a red hot thingamabob into submission.
Marshal Gold Discovery State Park, Coloma CA
Sandaoling, steam's last great holdout. Since its inception in 1804, the steam locomotive has been one of the world's most important inventions, shrinking geographical barriers and moving the world's goods as the global economy bloomed into an interconnected and highly-advanced technological marvel. Scenes like this, of a towering vaporized cloud drawing down to a determined JS 2-8-2 leading its bounty out of the mine pit, have become a staple of what makes steam locomotion, and Sandaoling, such a wonder. But the sunset overhead represents the all-too-near reality that faces Sandaoling, perhaps symbolic not only of the end of the day, but also the end of a lifetime, the end of an era. For by the close of 2020, it will all be over. Fireboxes will go cold and the steel rails threading atop the rocky soil will rust, hundreds will have to seek a new line of work, and the Gobi Desert will reclaim what is left of it all as China sheds its bituminous-fueled past for a greener, modern tomorrow. And steam locomotion, as a lifeblood, as a tradition, as a relevant means of transportation--barely clinging to life along the pit walls of Sandaoling--will come to a close 216 years after it all began. It was quite a run.
A flock of birds take flight over Bluefield, WV on January 16, 2021 as NS #8018, an ES44AC, leads a loaded coal train into town. With this train Bluefield once again reiterates its long historied past as a railroading gateway to the bituminous coal capitals of the world in West Virginia.
The Norfolk Southern Railway (reporting mark NS) is a Class I railroad in the United States; began in 1982 and 1990. With headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia, the company operates 36,200 route miles in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia, and has rights in Canada from Buffalo to Toronto and over the Albany to Montreal route. NS is responsible for maintaining 29,000 miles, with the remainder being operated under trackage rights from other parties responsible for maintenance. The common commodity hauled on the railroad is coal from mines in Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The railroad also offers the most intermodal network in eastern North America. NS is a major transporter of domestic and export coal. The railroad's major sources of the mineral are located in: Pennsylvania's Cambria and Indiana counties, as well as the Monongahela Valley; West Virginia; and the Appalachia regions of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. In Pennsylvania, NS also receives coal through interchange with R.J. Corman Railroad/Pennsylvania Lines at Cresson, Pennsylvania, originating in the "Clearfield Cluster". NS's export of West Virginia bituminous coal, begins transport on portions of the well-engineered former Virginian Railway and the former N&W double-tracked line in Eastern Virginia to its Lambert's Point coal pier on Hampton Roads at Norfolk. Coal transported by NS is thus exported to steel mills and power plants around the world. The company is also a major transporter of auto parts and completed vehicles. It operates intermodal container and TOFC (trailer on flat car) trains, some in conjunction with other railroads. NS was the first railway to employ roadrailers, which are highway truck trailers with interchangeable wheel sets. The Norfolk Southern Railway's parent Norfolk Southern Corporation is a Norfolk, Virginia-based parent company. Norfolk Southern Corporation was incorporated on July 23, 1980 in the Commonwealth of Virginia and is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbols NSC. The primary business function of Norfolk Southern Corporation is the rail transportation of raw materials, intermediate products, and finished goods across the Southeast, East, and Midwest United States. The corporation further facilitates transport to the remainder of the United States through interchange with other rail carriers while also serving overseas transport needs by serving several Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports. As of October 1, 2014 Norfolk Southern Corporation's total public stock value was slightly over $34.5 billion. [source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway]
The River Arts District consists of a vast array of artists and working studios in 22 former industrial and historical buildings spread out along a one mile stretch of the French Broad River. This eclectic area is an exciting exploration of arts, food and exercise. Plan on spending a day or more visiting artists working in their studios, grabbing a bite of local cuisine or a brew and taking time to find art that’s perfect for your world. More than 200 artists work in paint, pencil, pottery, metal, fiber, glass, wax, paper and more. As unique and individual as their art, so too are their schedules. There are no official “Open Hours” for the River Arts District, but at any given time throughout the year, you will find a plethora of open studios and galleries. If you are coming to see someone in particular, your best bet is to check in with them before your visit. Do it here, online via our search feature, or check the Studio Guide.
Image created from multiple exposures blended together in Photoshop layers using the "Lighten" blend mode. All exposures were taken with a single Einstein strobe with a 22" beauty dish attached to a boom arm. Send me a FlickrMail message, and I'll be more than happy to send you some information on mostly how I photograph this style and what equipment I use.
On May 26, 1986, NS was just implementing some new operating procedures on the former Interstate Railroad. Coal did indeed move upgrade from Andover to Norton, even the steam days, but not to this extent. At least a portion of bituminous was routed to Miller Yard, Va., where it was interchanged with the Clinchfield for delivery to consignees in the Carolinas primarily. The creation of Norfolk Southern (and, CSX) changed the calculus on what the best routes might be to get maximum tonnage from A to B with (1) fewer crews, (2) less mileage, (3) faster velocity, and (4) lower operational costs.
One example is shown here as a unit coal train for Walnut Cove, N.C. (on the N&W's Roanoke-Winston Salem line) requires the services of six EMD six-motor hoods of both Southern and N&W prior ownership blasts through Blackwood, Va. I had climbed to the top of a single hopper spotted on the spur for a better photo angle (nothing I would recommend, but I was exactly half my current age at the time.
The going is actually easy here, but from Josephine to the top of the hill at Norton the grade will briefly reach nearly 3 percent at the top. The trotting speed at this point will be down to a literal crawl on the last quarter mile to the top. The use of pushers on the former Interstate was a new thing--a favorite train handling technique of the N&W that influenced operations on the new system.
I toured the Atlas Mine with the twins Saturday. The wooden structure is the only one left in Canada operated from 1911 to 1979
From Wikipedia: The sub-bituminous coal from the Drumheller mining district was mainly used for home heating, cooking and electrical generation. It was also be used to power the steam locomotives of the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railways on the prairies. The flat-lying seams were easier to mine than those found in more mountainous areas, with lower levels of methane gas. The coal-mining era lasted from 1911 to 1984, when the Atlas No. 3 and 4 mines closed. The Atlas No. 3 Mine structures are preserved and form the basis of the National Historic Site, administered by the Atlas Mine Historical Society.[1]
The mine features the last wooden coal tipple in Canada. Built in 1937, the tipple is a coal loading and sorting machine. At over 7 storeys tall the tipple now serves as a reminder of the rich mining history of the Drumheller Valley. Old mining equipment, including a working pre-1936 battery powered locomotive and several buildings including the wash house, supply house, lamp house, and mine office still stand at the site. The site preserves the stories and artifacts of the men who once mined the black. The Atlas is the last of 139 mines that once ruled the valley.
What I thought was diesel exhaust in the distance grew into trail of coal dust as over a mile of sub-bituminous coal came flying down the Sand Hills Subdivision.
The former mine area in the Gagaty Sołtykowskie Reserve :)
Gagaty Sołtykowskie Reserve is located on the territory of the Stęporków commune. Established in 25 July 1997. The purpose of protection is to preserve, for scientific, educational and tourist reasons, the exposures of Lower Jurassic rocks and interesting mineralogical and palaeontological specimens together with forest communities and water reservoirs, with all the wealth of fungi, plants and fauna. The reserve contains a former open pit mine of ceramic clay once used in the production of bricks. It lasted until 1977. The name of the reserve is derived from the rare bituminous variety of lignite known as gagat. Due to its shining luster, gagat is used in the jewelry trade. During the exploration of this excavation that a different curiosity was found – dinosaur footsteps, traces of nests and egg fossils. The dinosaur traces were preserved because they were left on a swampy bank of a lazy river and soon after that they were covered with further sediment. An interesting fact is that there are both traces of young and adult individuals. These traces were left by herbivorous sauropods that lived there 200 million years ago. They are said to be one of the oldest traces of the herding lifestyle of these animals. This is proof that the dinosaurs cooperated much like contemporary crocodiles do. Sołtykowo is a unique site, unlike any in Europe.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Widok na rezerwat Gagaty Sołtykowskie z terenu dawnego wyrobiska gliny :)
Rezerwat przyrody Gagaty Sołtykowskie – rezerwat przyrody nieożywionej w gminie Stąporków, w powiecie koneckim, w województwie świętokrzyskim. Utworzony 25 lipca 1997 roku. Zajmuje powierzchnię 13,88 ha. Celem ochrony jest zachowanie ze względów naukowych, dydaktycznych i turystycznych, odsłonięć skał dolnojurajskich oraz interesujących okazów mineralogicznych i paleontologicznych wraz ze zbiorowiskami leśnymi i zbiornikami wodnymi, z całym bogactwem grzybów, roślin i fauny. Do 1977 roku wydobywano na terenie rezerwatu glinę ceramiczną. Pozostało po tym wyrobisko z odsłonięciami dolnojurajskich iłów i mułków poprzetykanych warstwami piaskowca. Można tam znaleźć jeszcze teraz gagaty (odmianę węgla brunatnego używaną w jubilerstwie) oraz różnorodne formy syderytów. Rejon Sołtykowa jest jedynym miejscem występowania gagatu w Polsce. Obok wyrobiska znajdują się odkryte w 1999 r. wyraźne tropy dwóch gatunków dinozaurów. Ewenementem na skalę światową jest zachowanie się zarówno tropów osobników dorosłych jak i młodych podążających obok siebie. Ślady przebywania dinozaurów na tym terenie zachowały się, gdyż pozostawione były na zabagnionym brzegu leniwej rzeki i w niedługim czasie przykryte zostały przez kolejne osady. Zostawiły je roślinożerne zauropody i jest to dowód na ich stadne życie.
Today in 1959, the Norfolk and Western Railway merged with the Virginian. The VGN was created to transport high quality bituminous coal from Southern West Virginia to Hampton Roads. From Bluefield to Roanoke, the VGN and N&W follow a twisting winding path along the banks of the New River, and into the mountains of the Roanoke Valley. As the railroad with the lesser grade, many consider the VGN to be the superior engineered railroad. As a testament to those who engineered it, modern day Norfolk Southern still uses the old VGN line, now known as the Whitethorne, for moving heavy unit trains between Bluefield and Roanoke. Seen here on the old Virginian, as storms approach through the valley, an eastbound coal drag winds its way through the hills and hollers of Northfork, en route to Roanoke on a miserably hot and humid summer day.
The Coke Ovens is so named because the rounded shape resembles beehive coke ovens that were used in the nineteenth century to convert bituminous coal into coke, which was then used for smelting iron.
Now we are going to the Gagaty Sołtykowskie Reserve :)
Gagaty Sołtykowskie Reserve is located on the territory of the St ęporków commune. Established in 25 July 1997. The purpose of protection is to preserve, for scientific, educational and tourist reasons, the exposures of Lower Jurassic rocks and interesting mineralogical and palaeontological specimens together with forest communities and water reservoirs, with all the wealth of fungi, plants and fauna. The reserve contains a former open pit mine of ceramic clay once used in the production of bricks. It lasted until 1977. The name of the reserve is derived from the rare bituminous variety of lignite known as gagat. Due to its shining luster, gagat is used in the jewelry trade. During the exploration of this excavation that a different curiosity was found – dinosaur footsteps, traces of nests and egg fossils. The dinosaur traces were preserved because they were left on a swampy bank of a lazy river and soon after that they were covered with further sediment. An interesting fact is that there are both traces of young and adult individuals. These traces were left by herbivorous sauropods that lived there 200 million years ago. They are said to be one of the oldest traces of the herding lifestyle of these animals. This is proof that the dinosaurs cooperated much like contemporary crocodiles do. Sołtykowo is a unique site, unlike any in Europe.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Drewniana ścieżka prowadząca do rezerwatu Gagaty Sołtykowskie :)
Rezerwat przyrody Gagaty Sołtykowskie – rezerwat przyrody nieożywionej w gminie Stąporków, w powiecie koneckim, w województwie świętokrzyskim. Utworzony 25 lipca 1997 roku. Zajmuje powierzchnię 13,88 ha. Celem ochrony jest zachowanie ze względów naukowych, dydaktycznych i turystycznych, odsłonięć skał dolnojurajskich oraz interesujących okazów mineralogicznych i paleontologicznych wraz ze zbiorowiskami leśnymi i zbiornikami wodnymi, z całym bogactwem grzybów, roślin i fauny. Do 1977 roku wydobywano na terenie rezerwatu glinę ceramiczną. Pozostało po tym wyrobisko z odsłonięciami dolnojurajskich iłów i mułków poprzetykanych warstwami piaskowca. Można tam znaleźć jeszcze teraz gagaty (odmianę węgla brunatnego używaną w jubilerstwie) oraz różnorodne formy syderytów. Rejon Sołtykowa jest jedynym miejscem występowania gagatu w Polsce. Obok wyrobiska znajdują się odkryte w 1999 r. wyraźne tropy dwóch gatunków dinozaurów. Ewenementem na skalę światową jest zachowanie się zarówno tropów osobników dorosłych jak i młodych podążających obok siebie. Ślady przebywania dinozaurów na tym terenie zachowały się, gdyż pozostawione były na zabagnionym brzegu leniwej rzeki i w niedługim czasie przykryte zostały przez kolejne osady. Zostawiły je roślinożerne zauropody i jest to dowód na ich stadne życie.
In EXPLORE - 16 August 2022, # 86 :)
Photographer Frank Christoph was shooting from the top of the signal mast for this interesting perspective. I believe this train was east bound on the Nickle Plate RR.
NS 631 had just pulled off the Harrisburg fuel pad with the Southern heritage unit leading as some morning color painted the sky. The empty hopper train is on its way from Baltimore back north for another load of Pennsylvania bituminous.
"Shadows in the Snow": NS ES44AC #8044 hustles west into the richest bituminous coal fields of North America on January 28, 2021 hauling its manifest train on the former Norfolk & Western Pocahontas Division mainline.
An empty hopper train curves off the main and heads into the Black Thunder Mine as one of the loadouts stands in the background. Black Thunder is one of the largest mines in the Powder River Basin, with three loadouts able to handle around 25 trains a day.
This train loadout is BT West. A conveyor system runs bituminous coal two miles from a crusher inside the mine up to the top of these silos where up to 35,000 tons of coal can be housed while waiting to be dumped into outbound trains.
Here you can see the dinosaur footprint, which I saw the Gagaty Sołtykowskie Reserve. It was really interesting to see it and imagine, that many years ago these big reptiles were walking here :)
Gagaty Sołtykowskie Reserve is located on the territory of the Stęporków commune. Established in 25 July 1997. The purpose of protection is to preserve, for scientific, educational and tourist reasons, the exposures of Lower Jurassic rocks and interesting mineralogical and palaeontological specimens together with forest communities and water reservoirs, with all the wealth of fungi, plants and fauna. The reserve contains a former open pit mine of ceramic clay once used in the production of bricks. It lasted until 1977. The name of the reserve is derived from the rare bituminous variety of lignite known as gagat. Due to its shining luster, gagat is used in the jewelry trade. During the exploration of this excavation that a different curiosity was found – dinosaur footsteps, traces of nests and egg fossils. The dinosaur traces were preserved because they were left on a swampy bank of a lazy river and soon after that they were covered with further sediment. An interesting fact is that there are both traces of young and adult individuals. These traces were left by herbivorous sauropods that lived there 200 million years ago. They are said to be one of the oldest traces of the herding lifestyle of these animals. This is proof that the dinosaurs cooperated much like contemporary crocodiles do. Sołtykowo is a unique site, unlike any in Europe.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Na zdjęciu tropy dinozaurów, które oglądaliśmy w rezerwacie Gagaty Sołtykowskie. Ciekawe było tak na nie patrzeć i wyobrażać sobie, że te wielkie gady tu kiedyś spacerowały :)
Rezerwat przyrody Gagaty Sołtykowskie – rezerwat przyrody nieożywionej w gminie Stąporków, w powiecie koneckim, w województwie świętokrzyskim. Utworzony 25 lipca 1997 roku. Zajmuje powierzchnię 13,88 ha. Celem ochrony jest zachowanie ze względów naukowych, dydaktycznych i turystycznych, odsłonięć skał dolnojurajskich oraz interesujących okazów mineralogicznych i paleontologicznych wraz ze zbiorowiskami leśnymi i zbiornikami wodnymi, z całym bogactwem grzybów, roślin i fauny. Do 1977 roku wydobywano na terenie rezerwatu glinę ceramiczną. Pozostało po tym wyrobisko z odsłonięciami dolnojurajskich iłów i mułków poprzetykanych warstwami piaskowca. Można tam znaleźć jeszcze teraz gagaty (odmianę węgla brunatnego używaną w jubilerstwie) oraz różnorodne formy syderytów. Rejon Sołtykowa jest jedynym miejscem występowania gagatu w Polsce. Obok wyrobiska znajdują się odkryte w 1999 r. wyraźne tropy dwóch gatunków dinozaurów. Ewenementem na skalę światową jest zachowanie się zarówno tropów osobników dorosłych jak i młodych podążających obok siebie. Ślady przebywania dinozaurów na tym terenie zachowały się, gdyż pozostawione były na zabagnionym brzegu leniwej rzeki i w niedługim czasie przykryte zostały przez kolejne osady. Zostawiły je roślinożerne zauropody i jest to dowód na ich stadne życie.
After dragging Harv from one state park to another, all of them with blacksmith demonstrations, I decided to take him to the real deal--the California Blacksmith Convention at the Nevada County Fairgrounds. Here, blacksmiths from all over the world gathered to share information and to show off their abilities.
There is a small but rabid population of professional and amateur smiths in the world. It wouldn't be a bad hobby if it weren't for the exposure to high heat and opportunity to inhale copious amounts of bituminous coal fumes. Here, one of the guest artists shapes a hot thing-of-a-mob in a press.
Happy Slider's Sunday everyone.
Grass Valley CA
A westing unit coal burns fossils making posted speed half-a-dozen hours post meridiem, breaking out of Big Sky Country’s ubiquitous deep-dense forest along the calmly meandering Clark Fork into day’s melliferous-golden auric hour over Montana Rail Link’s, by now – no explanation necessary as to why – quite famoused Trout Creek fill slinging a long file of aluminum bathtubs topped off with Powder River bituminous around Cabinet Mountain curvature and grade en route towards Sandpoint returning to BNSF control. (27May17 ©)
"Between every two pines is a doorway to a new world." ~ John Muir
Coke is a solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low sulfur bituminous coal (black coal). Coke from coal is grey, hard and porous. Coke can be used as a fuel or as a reducing agent in blast furnaces used for smelting of iron ore.
View of partially removed asbestos sheet flooring showing grey paper-like backing attached to wooden sub-floor. Homeowner attempted removal using sharp-edged scraper, resulting in significantly damaged, friable asbestos debris.
Many do-it-yourself (DIY) residential renovation projects that involve removal of vintage flooring materials could possibly encounter such a scenario: asbestos sheet flooring. Resilient sheet flooring or rolled flooring is also often referred to as "linoleum". If planning a home remodel, it is best recommended practice to have building materials evaluated by a qualified, licensed asbestos inspector before disturbing the materials.
Although types and composition of older sheet flooring can vary (some with asphalted or bituminous felt layers, or burlap backing, etc.), the general appearance of a common asbestos sheet floor material typically looks like grey backing layer adhered to the surface vinyl pattern layer. However, the only conclusive way of determining if a material contains asbestos is to have a sample of it tested.
If not taken up in a completely intact manner, removal of asbestos-containing sheet flooring will inevitably damage the soft, asbestos paper backing and can potentially contaminate the surroundings causing an airborne exposure hazard, particularly if trying to remove it by mechanical or manual scraping methods.
Another consideration for asbestos when dealing with older flooring materials is that the adhesive or mastic could also contain asbestos as well. Sometimes, there are situations where the flooring was tested and found not to contain asbestos, but the associated adhesive did contain asbestos. Consequently, dry-scraping or scarifying an asbestos-containing floor adhesive could also create an asbestos exposure hazard.
Alright then, a show of hands, how many asbestos inspectors and surveyors don't necessarily look for this type of asbestos application during residential asbestos surveys?
Reverse-side of a metal basketball backboard with a thick, textured, spray-applied coating comprised of a black (painted white), bituminous asbestos compound consisting of 10% chrysotile.
The dense coating added structural stiffness and sound-deadening qualities to the metal material intended for countless repeated impacts from basketballs.
Another round of Illinois Basin Bituminous Coal is in the future of this Indiana Railroad EMEBR as is snakes its way down to Peabody's Bear Run Mine near Dugger, IN. Once loaded, the train will head back to Hoosier Energy's Merom Generation Station near Sullivan, IN.
Silver Lake Power Plant is a 100-megawatt, coal-fired generating facility. Pulverized bituminous coal is the primary fuel, and it is supported by natural gas. (rpu.org)
Reverse-side of metal basketball backboard with a thick, textured, spray-applied coating comprised of a black, bituminous asbestos compound containing chrysotile.
The dense coating added a protective value, structural stiffness and sound-deadening qualities to the metal backboard intended for countless repeated impacts from basketballs.
UP train CBTSH9 heads north toward Sheboygan with 134 loads of sub-bituminous coal. Edgewater seems to be burning a lot of it; four trainsets are currently shuttling between Wyoming and Sheboygan.
Make the most of it while it lasts...
-----------------------------------
©2010 Jason Swain, All Rights Reserved
This image is not available for use on websites, blogs or other media without the explicit written permission of the photographer.
-----------------------------------
Links to my website, facebook and twitter can be found on my flickr profile
-----------------------------------
This Baldwin 2-6-0 mogul steam engine - builders #7717 - road #6 - 36" gauge locomotive, was built for the North Western Coal & Navigation Co. in 1885. It was originally used to carry bituminous coal on a narrow gauge railway which connected the CPR mainline with the coal mines near Lethbridge. In 1893 this railway track was converted to standard gauge, causing a surplus of these narrow gauge engines. This engine was purchasd in 1907 for the construction of the CPR Spiral Tunnels in the Kicking Horse Valley. When the construction was complete in 1908, this engine was abandoned here.
June 30, 2018
Asphalt (US Listeni/ˈæsfɔːlt/ or UK /ˈæsfælt/,[1][2] occasionally /ˈæʃfɔːlt/), also known as bitumen (US /bɪˈtjuːmən, baɪ-/,[3][4] UK /ˈbɪtjᵿmən/[5]) is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product; it is a substance classed as a pitch. Until the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.[6] The word is derived from the Ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος ásphaltos.[7]
The primary use (70%) of asphalt/bitumen is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.[8]
source: wikipedia
After a meet with E SUDSCM1 10A at Sentinel Butte Siding, C ABMBEN0 91A leaves the small North Dakotan town of the same name in its wake as it heads east into the Little Missouri Bad Lands. The train of sub-bituminous coal was loaded at the Absaloka Mine in Montana for a Northern States Power Plant in Minnesota.
The Bessemer & Lake Erie was one of the last Class I roads to have F units in active service. The aging EMD’s were mainly assigned to two regions. Moving ore cars around the Lake Erie ore docks at Conneaut, Ohio, under the banner of fellow US Steel subsidiary Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock Company, was where the majority of B&LE’s remaining F units congregated. B&LE’s Western Allegheny branch, a 21 mile extension from the main line at Queen Junction into Pennsylvania’s bituminous coal fields, was the exclusive domain of F units, as its trackage could not accommodate the six-wheel trucks of the B&LE SD fleet. Here a good representation the cab unit fleet is depicted at the Western Allegheny engine facility at Kaylor. There are two B&LE A units, a freshly-painted B unit, and an A unit painted in the Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock yellow scheme.
The L&N Railroad was hurtin' in 1978. The company was literally swamped with an avalanche of bituminous coal traffic, most of it destined for fossil fuel power plants throughout the southeastern part of the US. There weren't enough crews, cars, locomotives, available track space, or pretty much anything---plus the railroad had literally been pounded into the ground by train after train of overloaded coal hoppers. Derailments were weekly, if not daily sometimes. Some of the best railroaders in the world would throw up their hands at times at the impossibility of it all.
On this particular day--June 24, 1978--I remember one of the division management friends making this comment: "If we have more than 13 trains running between Corbin and Knoxville (single track CTC, with a pusher grade in the middle), we're in trouble. At this moment there are 15, with three more called and ready to go. A southbound just got a knuckle on Duff Mountain, so things are really stacked up there. The congestion might ease after midnight, but it's too early to tell. I really need to go home and get some sleep."
Working upgrade towards Rogers Mesa, empty Union Pacific coal train CSPWE negotiates the horseshoe just east of Austin, CO. Headed for Mountain Coal Company’s West Elk Mine at Somerset, the train of Intermountain Power Agency aluminum hoppers will turn back west in several hours after being loaded with some of Colorado’s bituminous coal.
Its elementary Physics, my dear Watson :) Mirage bordered my bituminous path all the way...
© All rights reserved, don´t use this image without my permission. Contact me at debmalya86@gmail.com
Melhor em tamanho maior
Best in full size
Comprimento total da travessia
17.185 m
Comprimento total das estruturas em ponte e viadutos12.345 m
Comprimento do acesso até Sacavém945 m
Comprimento do Viaduto Norte488m (11 vãos)
Comprimento do Viaduto da Expo (Parque das Nações)672m (12 vãos)
Comprimento da Ponte Principal826 m
Comprimento do vão principal420 m
Altura dos pilares do vão principal148 m
Altura livre para a navegação47 m
Comprimento do Viaduto Central6.531m (80 vãos)
Comprimento do Viaduto Sul3.825m (84 vãos)
Comprimento do acesso até ao Montijo3.895 m
Número de caixotões81
Volume total de betão730.000 m3
Peso do aço em armaduras100.000 toneladas
Total de vigas - tabuleiro pré-fabricadas150
Volume total de movimentação de terras1.400.000 m3
Área total de tapete betuminoso400.000 m2
Número máximo de trabalhadores3.300
Prazo da construçãoFevereiro de 1995 a Março de 1998
PONTE VASCO DA GAMA
Total length of crossing
17,185 m
Total length of bridge structures and viaducts 12,345 m
Length of access to Sacavém 945 m
Length of the North Viaduct 488m (11 spans)
Length of the Expo Viaduct (Parque das Nações) 672m (12 spans)
Length of the Main Bridge 826 m
Length of main span 420 m
Height of the pillars of the main span 148 m
Clearance height for navigation 47 m
Length of the Central Viaduct 6,531m (80 spans)
Length of the South Viaduct 3,825m (84 spans)
Length of access to Montijo 3,895 m
Number of coffins 81
Total volume of concrete 730,000 m3
Weight of steel in armor 100,000 tons
Total beams - prefabricated board 150
Total volume of earthworks 1,400,000 m3
Total area of bituminous carpet 400,000 m2
Maximum number of workers 3,300
Construction deadline February 1995 to March 1998
BRIDGE VASCO DA GAMA