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Bituminous coal in the Burgoon Sandstone, lower Osagean, Lower Mississippian. Covington Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, USA. Hammer for scale. Abundant crusts of sulfur and iron sulfate are derived not from the coal, but from thin pyrite horizons overlying it (visible at the base of the hammer handle).
1-A Bituminous Coal-found in Continental Swamp
1-B Conglomerate-found in Continental Fluvial channel
1-C Glauconite-Shallow Marine
Massive piece of anthracite at the center of town. Anthracite coal extraction was the heart and soul of this area. It's a much harder style of coal than the fragile bituminous type found in western Pennsylvania.
The area is renowned for its fossils, with The Etches Collection in the village of Kimmeridge displaying fossils found by Steve Etches in the area over a 30-year period. It is a popular place to access the coast for tourists. To the east are the Kimmeridge Ledges, where fossils can be found in the flat clay beds.
Kimmeridge is the type locality for Kimmeridge clay, the geological formation that covers most of the area. Within the clay are bands of bituminous shale. An oil well has operated on the shore of Kimmeridge Bay since 1959. The bay is roughly semi-circular, facing southwest. It is backed by low cliffs of Kimmeridge clay, and beneath the cliffs is a large wave-cut platform and a rocky shore with rock pools and attendant ecology. Kimmeridge Bay is a surfer and diver area.
The Purbeck Marine Wildlife Reserve and Fine Foundation Marine Centre are located here.
Geology
The geology of the area around Kimmeridge Bay is world-renowned.It comprises bedrock formed in the Late Jurassic epoch, overlain in many places by superficial Quaternary head deposits. The bedrock is mostly Kimmeridge clay, except for the top of Smedmore Hill and along to Swyre Head, which is formed from Portland stone. Between this and the Kimmeridge clay, and outcropping just beneath the top of the hill, is a thin band of Portland sand. Landslip deposits from the Portland stone cover most of the steep southwest-facing slopes of the hills. Within the Kimmeridge clay are bands of bituminous shale and dolomite, which form flat ledges within Kimmeridge Bay that are exposed at low tide.
Kimmeridge gives its name to the Kimmeridgian, the division of the Jurassic period in which the beds were laid down, because of the quality of the cliffs and the fossils they yield. Kimmeridge is also the type locality for the Jurassic age Kimmeridge Clay formation, which is well represented in southern England, and provides one of the source rocks for hydrocarbons found in the Wessex and North Sea Basins.
The Kimmeridge Oil Field is northwest of Kimmeridge Bay. On the cliff west of the village is the Perenco "nodding donkey" oil pump which has been pumping continually since the late 1950s, making it the oldest working oil pump in the UK. The well currently yields around 65 barrels per day (10.3 m3/d) from the Middle Jurassic strata that lie around 1,150 feet (350 m) below the cliff. The well has been operating for this long because it has tapped into a network of connected reserves; however the yield is decreasing year on year. The oil is transported by tanker to the Perenco site at Wytch Farm from whence it is piped to the main refinery on Southampton Water.
Neal S. Tostenson
1934-
Neal S. Tostenson, a practicing attorney, was named “Ohio Coal Man of the Year” in 1997 for his work on behalf of the bituminous coal industry. A graduate of Cambridge High School, Tostenson earned degrees from the Ohio State University and the Ohio State University Law School. He returned to Cambridge in 1958 to practice law. In 1973 he was certified as an attorney for the district courts. Tostenson became active with the National Coal Association, a role that required him to spend time in Washington, DC. He received a distinguished service award for twenty-five years of leadership at the local and national level with the industry. In 1974 he was elected executive Vice President of the Ohio Mining and Reclamation Association and in 1979 he was elected President of the Association, a position he held until 1997. Although no longer president, he remains an active member of the Association.
X21 Norton.As early as 1750 Christopher Gist explored in this vicinity. The first house here was built about 1785 by William Prince, for whom the settlement was called Prince's Flat. It was later name Norton for Eckstein Norton, president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and was incorporated in 1894. Norton is the center of a bituminous coal region. High Knob, National Forest Area, is nearby..Virginia Conservation Commission, 1941
Generally the test is applicable to hot mix designs using bitumen and aggregates upto a maximum size of 25mm. In this method, the resistance to plastic deformation of cylindrical specimen of bituminous mixture is measured when the same is loaded at periphery at 5 cm per min.
The area is renowned for its fossils, with The Etches Collection in the village of Kimmeridge displaying fossils found by Steve Etches in the area over a 30-year period. It is a popular place to access the coast for tourists. To the east are the Kimmeridge Ledges, where fossils can be found in the flat clay beds.
Kimmeridge is the type locality for Kimmeridge clay, the geological formation that covers most of the area. Within the clay are bands of bituminous shale. An oil well has operated on the shore of Kimmeridge Bay since 1959. The bay is roughly semi-circular, facing southwest. It is backed by low cliffs of Kimmeridge clay, and beneath the cliffs is a large wave-cut platform and a rocky shore with rock pools and attendant ecology. Kimmeridge Bay is a surfer and diver area.
The Purbeck Marine Wildlife Reserve and Fine Foundation Marine Centre are located here.
Geology
The geology of the area around Kimmeridge Bay is world-renowned.It comprises bedrock formed in the Late Jurassic epoch, overlain in many places by superficial Quaternary head deposits. The bedrock is mostly Kimmeridge clay, except for the top of Smedmore Hill and along to Swyre Head, which is formed from Portland stone. Between this and the Kimmeridge clay, and outcropping just beneath the top of the hill, is a thin band of Portland sand. Landslip deposits from the Portland stone cover most of the steep southwest-facing slopes of the hills. Within the Kimmeridge clay are bands of bituminous shale and dolomite, which form flat ledges within Kimmeridge Bay that are exposed at low tide.
Kimmeridge gives its name to the Kimmeridgian, the division of the Jurassic period in which the beds were laid down, because of the quality of the cliffs and the fossils they yield. Kimmeridge is also the type locality for the Jurassic age Kimmeridge Clay formation, which is well represented in southern England, and provides one of the source rocks for hydrocarbons found in the Wessex and North Sea Basins.
The Kimmeridge Oil Field is northwest of Kimmeridge Bay. On the cliff west of the village is the Perenco "nodding donkey" oil pump which has been pumping continually since the late 1950s, making it the oldest working oil pump in the UK. The well currently yields around 65 barrels per day (10.3 m3/d) from the Middle Jurassic strata that lie around 1,150 feet (350 m) below the cliff. The well has been operating for this long because it has tapped into a network of connected reserves; however the yield is decreasing year on year. The oil is transported by tanker to the Perenco site at Wytch Farm from whence it is piped to the main refinery on Southampton Water.
The area is renowned for its fossils, with The Etches Collection in the village of Kimmeridge displaying fossils found by Steve Etches in the area over a 30-year period. It is a popular place to access the coast for tourists. To the east are the Kimmeridge Ledges, where fossils can be found in the flat clay beds.
Kimmeridge is the type locality for Kimmeridge clay, the geological formation that covers most of the area. Within the clay are bands of bituminous shale. An oil well has operated on the shore of Kimmeridge Bay since 1959. The bay is roughly semi-circular, facing southwest. It is backed by low cliffs of Kimmeridge clay, and beneath the cliffs is a large wave-cut platform and a rocky shore with rock pools and attendant ecology. Kimmeridge Bay is a surfer and diver area.
The Purbeck Marine Wildlife Reserve and Fine Foundation Marine Centre are located here.
Geology
The geology of the area around Kimmeridge Bay is world-renowned.It comprises bedrock formed in the Late Jurassic epoch, overlain in many places by superficial Quaternary head deposits. The bedrock is mostly Kimmeridge clay, except for the top of Smedmore Hill and along to Swyre Head, which is formed from Portland stone. Between this and the Kimmeridge clay, and outcropping just beneath the top of the hill, is a thin band of Portland sand. Landslip deposits from the Portland stone cover most of the steep southwest-facing slopes of the hills. Within the Kimmeridge clay are bands of bituminous shale and dolomite, which form flat ledges within Kimmeridge Bay that are exposed at low tide.
Kimmeridge gives its name to the Kimmeridgian, the division of the Jurassic period in which the beds were laid down, because of the quality of the cliffs and the fossils they yield. Kimmeridge is also the type locality for the Jurassic age Kimmeridge Clay formation, which is well represented in southern England, and provides one of the source rocks for hydrocarbons found in the Wessex and North Sea Basins.
The Kimmeridge Oil Field is northwest of Kimmeridge Bay. On the cliff west of the village is the Perenco "nodding donkey" oil pump which has been pumping continually since the late 1950s, making it the oldest working oil pump in the UK. The well currently yields around 65 barrels per day (10.3 m3/d) from the Middle Jurassic strata that lie around 1,150 feet (350 m) below the cliff. The well has been operating for this long because it has tapped into a network of connected reserves; however the yield is decreasing year on year. The oil is transported by tanker to the Perenco site at Wytch Farm from whence it is piped to the main refinery on Southampton Water.
What is the reason for doing the Prime coat in street development?
To plug the hairlike voids. Prime Coat likewise effectively blocks slender activity in squashed totals base course so that water may not ascent up to the Asphalt layer. It ought to be remembered that black-top and water go poorly together, and asphalt ought to consistently be it intended to deplete away any water which will in general interact with black-top.
To cover and bond free materials on a superficial level. It's motivation is to tie the free totals of squashed totals base course so it tends to be ready for ensuing development action of laying Asphalt layer.
To solidify or harden the surface.
To advance grip among granular and the Bituminous layer. Prime coat additionally goes about as a cover for Asphalt and Crushed totals base course.
Prime coat fills this need of hindering the way of water which ascends from the bank because of fine activity.
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DURO MASTIC™ BLW is modified bituminous elastomeric waterproofing membrane that forms a permanently flexible waterproof lining to your building and also protect planter boxes.
2 Take a picture of each rock sample with a label in front showing its correct name. Make sure the sample letters are visible and clear in the photo.
10.Take a picture of a chemical sedimentary rock that is black, light and originally made of organic material.
Item Number:9647-51-sh10
Document Title:Bituminous Gravel Surface Course Class "C" Scale: Diagrammatic
Project:09647; South Portland Housing - Red Bank; S. Portland; ME; 03 Subdivisions & Suburban Communities; 358;
Location:Olmsted National Historic Site, Brookline, MA
Category:PLAN
Purpose:A&E (Architectural & Engineering)
Physical Characteristics:0000173146 21.5 x 35.5 cyano neg paper
Dates:n.d.
Notes:Plan bound together with 10 other sheets, found in VB4906
Please credit: Courtesy of the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site.
Pike County sits atop one of the richest coal-bearing regions in the eastern United States, part of the Central Appalachian Coalfield. The area is underlain by numerous coal seams, including historically significant beds such as the Elswick, Auxier, Millard, Bingham, Pond Creek (Lower Elkhorn), and Upper Elkhorn zones. These seams vary in thickness, depth, and quality, with some lying above drainage level and others requiring deep mining techniques.
Cannel coal is a distinctive type of bituminous coal known for its smooth texture, dull black to brown color, and high hydrogen content. Cannel coal seams are typically shallow and often found above other coal beds. In places like Kentucky, it was historically mined for its premium fuel qualities and ease of ignition. If you're exploring coal seam stratigraphy or historical mining in Pike County, cannel coal is a fascinating chapter in the story.
Coal mining in Pike County began in earnest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, driven by industrial demand and rail expansion. The region saw extensive development by companies like Consolidation Coal, Elk Horn Fuel, and North-East Coal, which established towns, tipples, and underground operations throughout the county. Mining methods evolved from traditional underground mining to auger mining and later surface mining, depending on seam accessibility and economic viability.
Despite industry decline in recent decades, Pike County’s coal legacy remains deeply embedded in its cultural and economic history. The county’s coal seams continue to be mapped and studied for their geological significance and resource potential.
The area is renowned for its fossils, with The Etches Collection in the village of Kimmeridge displaying fossils found by Steve Etches in the area over a 30-year period. It is a popular place to access the coast for tourists. To the east are the Kimmeridge Ledges, where fossils can be found in the flat clay beds.
Kimmeridge is the type locality for Kimmeridge clay, the geological formation that covers most of the area. Within the clay are bands of bituminous shale. An oil well has operated on the shore of Kimmeridge Bay since 1959. The bay is roughly semi-circular, facing southwest. It is backed by low cliffs of Kimmeridge clay, and beneath the cliffs is a large wave-cut platform and a rocky shore with rock pools and attendant ecology. Kimmeridge Bay is a surfer and diver area.
The Purbeck Marine Wildlife Reserve and Fine Foundation Marine Centre are located here.
Geology
The geology of the area around Kimmeridge Bay is world-renowned.It comprises bedrock formed in the Late Jurassic epoch, overlain in many places by superficial Quaternary head deposits. The bedrock is mostly Kimmeridge clay, except for the top of Smedmore Hill and along to Swyre Head, which is formed from Portland stone. Between this and the Kimmeridge clay, and outcropping just beneath the top of the hill, is a thin band of Portland sand. Landslip deposits from the Portland stone cover most of the steep southwest-facing slopes of the hills. Within the Kimmeridge clay are bands of bituminous shale and dolomite, which form flat ledges within Kimmeridge Bay that are exposed at low tide.
Kimmeridge gives its name to the Kimmeridgian, the division of the Jurassic period in which the beds were laid down, because of the quality of the cliffs and the fossils they yield. Kimmeridge is also the type locality for the Jurassic age Kimmeridge Clay formation, which is well represented in southern England, and provides one of the source rocks for hydrocarbons found in the Wessex and North Sea Basins.
The Kimmeridge Oil Field is northwest of Kimmeridge Bay. On the cliff west of the village is the Perenco "nodding donkey" oil pump which has been pumping continually since the late 1950s, making it the oldest working oil pump in the UK. The well currently yields around 65 barrels per day (10.3 m3/d) from the Middle Jurassic strata that lie around 1,150 feet (350 m) below the cliff. The well has been operating for this long because it has tapped into a network of connected reserves; however the yield is decreasing year on year. The oil is transported by tanker to the Perenco site at Wytch Farm from whence it is piped to the main refinery on Southampton Water.