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Royal Crescent
The Royal Crescent is a row of 30 terraced houses laid out in a sweeping crescent in the city of Bath, England. Designed by the architect John Wood, the Younger and built between 1767 and 1774, it is among the greatest examples of Georgian architecture to be found in the United Kingdom and is a Grade I listed building. Although some changes have been made to the various interiors over the years, the Georgian stone façade remains much as it was when first built.
The 500-foot-long (150 m) crescent has 114 Ionic columns on the first floor with an entablature in a Palladian style above. It was the first crescent of terraced houses to be built and an example of "rus in urbe" (the country in the city) with its views over the parkland opposite.
Many notable people have either lived or stayed in the Royal Crescent since it was built over 240 years ago, and some are commemorated on special plaques attached to the relevant buildings. Of the crescent's 30 townhouses, 10 are still full-size townhouses; 18 have been split into flats of various sizes; one is the No. 1 Royal Crescent museum and the large central house at number 16 is the Royal Crescent Hotel & Spa.
The street that is known today as "The Royal Crescent" was originally named "The Crescent." It is claimed that the adjective "Royal" was added at the end of the 18th century after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany had stayed there. He initially rented number one and later bought number 16. The Royal Crescent is close to Victoria Park and linked via Brock Street to The Circus which had been designed by John Wood, the Elder.
The land on which the Royal Crescent stands was bought from Sir Benet Garrard of the Garrard baronets, who were the landlords, in December 1766. Between 1767 and 1775 John Wood designed the great curved façade with Ionic columns on a rusticated ground floor. Each original purchaser bought a length of the façade, and then employed their own architect to build a house behind the façade to their own specifications; hence what can appear to be two houses is occasionally just one. This system of town planning is betrayed at the rear and can be seen from the road behind the Crescent: while the front is uniform and symmetrical, the rear is a mixture of differing roof heights, juxtapositions and fenestration. This architecture, described as "Queen Anne fronts and Mary-Anne backs", occurs repeatedly in Bath. It was the first crescent of terraced houses to be built and an example of "rus in urbe" (the country in the city) with its views over the parkland opposite.
In front of the Royal Crescent is a ha-ha, a ditch on which the inner side is vertical and faced with stone, with the outer face sloped and turfed, making an effective but invisible partition between the lower and upper lawns. The ha-ha is designed so as not to interrupt the view from Royal Victoria Park, and to be invisible until seen from close by. It is not known whether it was contemporary with the building of the Royal Crescent, however it is known that when it was first created it was deeper than it is at present. The railings between the crescent and the lawn were included in the Heritage at Risk Register produced by English Heritage but have been restored and removed from the register.
In 2003, the archaeological television programme Time Team dug the Royal Crescent in search of a Roman cemetery and the Fosse Way. The remains of a Roman wall were found behind the crescent and evidence of possible Iron and Bronze Age settlement on the lawn in front.
In the late 19th century five cast iron lamp columns with decorative scrollwork were added. In 1921, architect Robert Tor Russell used the Crescent as a source of inspiration to design the central business district of Connaught Place, New Delhi, India.
During the Bath Blitz of World War II, known as the Baedecker Raids or Baedeker Blitz, some bomb damage occurred, the most serious being the gutting of numbers 2 and 17 by incendiaries. After World War II, during a period of redevelopment which is described as the Sack of Bath, the City Council considered plans that would have seen the Crescent transformed into Council offices. These were unsuccessful.
During the 20th century many of the houses which had formerly been the residences of single families with maids or other staff were divided into flats and offices. However, the tradition of distinguished gentlefolk retiring to the crescent continued. The whole crescent was designated as a Grade I listed building in 1950. Number 16 became a guest house in 1950. In 1971 it was combined with number 15 to become the Royal Crescent Hotel occupying the central properties of the Crescent, which were renovated and additional rooms in pavilions and coach houses within the gardens included in the accommodation. It was sold in 1978 to John Tham, the chairman of the London Sloane Club, and restored. It was later purchased by Von Essen Hotels, which became insolvent in 2011. In September 2011 it was expected that London & Regional Properties would purchase the hotel, but negotiations ended in January 2012 without a deal. On 2 April 2012, investment company the Topland Group announced that it had purchased the Royal Crescent Hotel.
In the 1970s the resident of No 22, Miss Amabel Wellesley-Colley, painted her front door yellow instead of the traditional white. Bath City Council issued a notice insisting it should be repainted. A court case ensued which resulted in the Secretary of State for the Environment declaring that the door could remain yellow. Other proposals for alteration and development including floodlighting and a swimming pool have been defeated.
The crescent is 500 feet (150 m) long and each building is almost 50 feet (15 m) high, including small rooms with dormer windows in the attic. The ground floor is plain emphasising the columns and windows of the first floor. The 114 columns are 30 inches (76 cm) in diameter reaching 47 feet (14.3 m), each with an entablature 5 feet (1.5 m) deep in a Palladian style. The central house (now the Royal Crescent Hotel) boasts two sets of coupled columns with a single window between them which is the middle of the crescent.
They are built of Bath stone. They have slate roofs but were originally stone tiled. The appearance of each house is very similar with only minor variations between them for example some have small balconettes on the first floor. Many of the windows have been restored to their original style with glazing bars rather than the horned plate glass sash windows which had been installed in the 19th or early 20th centuries. Some of the window sills had also been lowered. This has been reversed at Number 1 but policy has since changed with a decision to keep the alterations which were made in the 19th century. In front of the houses are cast iron railings which are mirrored by those on the opposite side of the road at the top of Victoria Park. The road is surfaced with pennant stone laid when the crescent was constructed.
In 1965 the black comedy The Wrong Box (1966) used the Royal Crescent extensively as a location, standing in for London. The 1965 film Catch Us If You Can also had a sequence filmed outside the crescent and in one of its houses.
In 2007, a TV edition of Jane Austen's Persuasion included many scenes shot at the Crescent, where the Elliot family was supposedly living while in Bath. The Crescent featured in the 2008 film The Duchess starring Keira Knightley.
The fictional heroine of 2008 BBC1 archaeology thriller Bonekickers was depicted as living in the Crescent. In 2014, the hotel was a location for BBC1 series Our Girl.
(Wikipedia)
Bis zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts lebten innerhalb der Stadtmauern rund 3.000 Menschen. Innerhalb von nur einem Jahrhundert wuchs die Bevölkerungszahl des bedeutendsten britischen Thermalbades um mehr als das Zehnfache auf 34.000. Der Architekt John Wood der Ältere und sein Sohn John Wood der Jüngere entwarfen ein großzügiges Stadtbild, das die mittelalterlichen Stadtmauern sprengte und keinem starren geometrischen Schema folgte.
Eine Folge von Plätzen und verbindenden Straßen sind in Bath so zueinander geordnet, dass sich immer wieder neue Ausblicke eröffnen. John Wood der Ältere begann 1729 mit dem quadratischen Queen Square, es folgte 1754 die monumentale Anlage des kreisrunden Circus mit drei einmündenden Straßenzügen. Ohne Bruch führte der Sohn John Wood (1728–1781) das Werk des Vaters fort. 1767–1775 entstand der Royal Crescent (dt. königlicher Halbmond), ein halbkreisförmiger Platz, der an der offenen Seite den Blick in einen englischen Garten eröffnet. Im Gegensatz zu den bewegten Grundrissformen der Stadterweiterung steht die architektonische Gestaltung der Hausfassaden. Die Kolossalordnung der 114 ionischen Halbsäulen und Pilaster über einem Sockelgeschoss, hinter der sich 30 Reihenhäuser befinden, wird fast immer ohne Akzentuierung und Rhythmisierung um das Platzrund geführt.
Der Kuraufenthalt in Bath wurde fast ausschließlich durch das gesellschaftliche Leben und weniger durch medizinische Aspekte bestimmt. Entsprechend bescheiden sind die Thermalbäder des 18. Jahrhunderts, die sich zwar, wie das Hot Bath von 1775 durch eine raffinierte Grundrissgestalt, vor allem aber durch bescheidene Dimensionen auszeichnen. Dass der Trinkkur eine größere Bedeutung beigemessen wurde, verdeutlicht der Great Pump Room, 1786 bis 1796 von Thomas Baldwin und John Palmer als repräsentative Trinkhalle errichtet.
Die typischen Einrichtungen von Bath sind zum Teil den Metropolen entlehnt und machten den Kurort auf diese Weise zum Brennpunkt eines neuen Freizeitvergnügens. Die neuen Formen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens verbanden sich mit Promenaden, Ballhäusern, Konzerthallen, Theater und Kaffeehäusern. Viele Besucher kamen nur für ein langes Wochenende, was den Ausbau der Verkehrswege, insbesondere nach London, förderte.
Auffällig sind vor allem die urbanen Strukturen der vom Palladianismus geprägten Architektur in Bath. Typisch ist auch die Übernahme von Symbolen aristokratischer Architektur durch das aufsteigende Bürgertum.
(Wikipedia)
Friday, 16 February 2018
43153+43023 approach Bath Spa with 1C08 0930hrs GWR service from London Paddington to Bristol Temple Meads.
Viewed from Alexandra Park.
© Finbarr O'Neill
Bath Time. The local wildlife seem to appreciate the shallow water dish out on the patio, for drinking and bathing. Mostly the Sparrows, but also Starlings, Magpies and as here, a Robin. The local cats and Foxes also visit for drinks.
Picture taken through the back window.
My cat loves water so much like all other Van Turkish Cats! so every time I get ready to shower or take a bath I keep my eyes on her or she would jump in the tub and sit there in the water with a purrrrr sound!
taken by mobile camera
Bath Abbey is a parish church of the Church of England and former Benedictine monastery in Bath, Somerset, England. Founded in the 7th century, it was reorganised in the 10th century and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries; major restoration work was carried out by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the 1860s. It is one of the largest examples of Perpendicular Gothic architecture in the West Country. The medieval abbey church served as a sometime cathedral of a bishop. After long contention between churchmen in Bath and Wells the seat of the Diocese of Bath and Wells was later consolidated at Wells Cathedral. The Benedictine community was dissolved in 1539 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Bath Abbey is a parish church of the Church of England and former Benedictine monastery in Bath, Somerset, England. Founded in the 7th century, it was reorganised in the 10th century and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries; major restoration work was carried out by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the 1860s. It is one of the largest examples of Perpendicular Gothic architecture in the West Country. The medieval abbey church served as a sometime cathedral of a bishop. After long contention between churchmen in Bath and Wells the seat of the Diocese of Bath and Wells was later consolidated at Wells Cathedral. The Benedictine community was dissolved in 1539 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
I don't think any bird beats a robin's enthusiasm for taking a bath.
This youngster was doing its best to empty the bath.
Thanks for Explore.
Bath a city with a population of nearly 100.000, is named after its Roman-built baths. The city became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
The city became a spa with the Latin name Aquae Sulis around 60 AD when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon.
Bath Abbey was founded in the 7th century.
Claims were made for the curative properties of water from the springs, and Bath became popular as a spa town. In the 16th and 17th centuries, aristocrats and even monarchs came here for a cure and made the place famous. The Queen of England was a guest in 1702. The steep rise as a fashionable spa resort of world renown began. By 1800, the population had grown to 34,000 thanks to the spa, making Bath the eighth largest city in England.
The former abbey church of Bath was originally the church of a Benedictine monastery, but has since become the episcopal see of the diocese of Bath and Wells and is now a parish church. In 1088, 22 years after the Norman conquest of England, it was decided to build a representative bishop's church in the Anglo-Norman style. This was badly damaged in the 13th century and rebuilt in the Perpendicular style from 1499. The cathedral of the diocese of Bath and Wells went to the English royal family after the Act of Supremacy and the subsequent separation of the English Church from Rome. In 1574, Queen Elizabeth I of England ordered a restoration, which lasted until 1611. During the 1820s and 1830s buildings, including houses, shops and taverns which were very close to or actually touching the walls of the abbey were demolished and the interior remodelled
A busy time outside the fuelling shed at Bath Road, including celebrity 33008 "Eastleigh on 2nd May 1987.
I fund my Flickr membership, scanner and software myself. So, if you like my pictures please consider buying me a coffee! www.buymeacoffee.com/seanl
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The Circus is a historic ring of large townhouses in the city of Bath, Somerset, England, forming a circle with three entrances. Designed by architect John Wood, the Elder, it was built between 1754 and 1769, and is regarded as a pre-eminent example of Georgian architecture. “Circus” means a ring, oval or circle in Latin. The construction has been designated as a Grade I listed building.
Bath on the 16th of March 1988 and Class 33 33029 is working the 12.xx Portsmouth to Cardiff Service.
The loco was new from BRCW to Hither Green as D6547 in March 1961, it is still around today working with West Coast Railways.
The Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, commonly known as Bath Abbey, is a parish church of the Church of England and former Benedictine monastery in Bath, Somerset. Founded in the 7th century, it was reorganised in the 10th century and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries; major restoration work was carried out by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the 1860s. It is one of the largest examples of Perpendicular Gothic architecture in the West Country. The church architecture is cruciform in plan and can seat up to 1,200 patrons. An active place of worship, it also hosts civic ceremonies, concerts and lectures. The abbey is a Grade I listed building, particularly noted for its fan vaulting. It contains war memorials for the local population and monuments to several notable people, in the form of wall and floor plaques and commemorative stained glass.
Info sourced from Wikipedia.
Bath & Body Works put their splashes in these style bottles from about 1999 to about 2003.
When I search for an old scent on eBay, I always try to get it in the old style bottle. I remember being disappointed when they went to those super plain bottles a few years ago.
sickmalls.wordpress.com/2008/11/09/bath-body-works-new-de...