Gerani (Greek: Γεράνι, literally 'Geranium', Turkish: Turnalar) is a village in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, located 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Trikomo. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.

 

Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.

 

Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.

 

A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.

 

Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.

 

Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.

 

Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.

 

Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.

 

The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.

 

Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.

 

Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.

 

By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.

 

EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.

 

However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.

 

On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.

 

In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.

 

By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.

 

In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.

 

The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.

 

After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".

 

As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.

 

Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.

 

On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.

 

The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.

 

Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.

 

The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.

 

Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.

 

Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria

An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."

 

In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.

 

Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.

 

In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.

 

Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.

 

Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.

 

Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.

 

The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:

 

UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.

 

The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.

 

By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."

 

After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.

 

On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.

 

The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.

 

During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.

 

In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.

 

Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.

 

A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.

Article by Chuck Owen, Wampus Cats Defeat LaGrange Gators, 50-7

Stilettos are nice, but there is more to life than a stiletto heel. Fashion boots often have a different style of heel, which I like. I suspect I have used the Liquorice Allsorts analogy before. I really like the pink bobbly Liquorice Allsorts, but a diet of nothing but pink bobbly Liquorice Allsorts would get boring very quickly. Variety is the spice of life, and like Liquorice Allsorts, different styles of heel are very lovely. Sticking with the Liquorice Allsorts analogy, I think Crocs and Uggs are the footwear version of those little twists of hard liquorice, which only exist to make the rest of the box of Liquorice Allsorts more of a pleasure to eat.

Enough of the sweets. I do like the variety in this collection of images of girls in some really rather lovely boots. Cool. :)

Canadian magazine chose one of my photographs & put it on the magazine cover ..

 

جريـــدة الرايــــــة القطرية - ( Page 12)

___________________________

 

www.raya.com/mritems/streams/2009/11/26/2_487224_1_212.pdf

Description: Woman's Home Companion article by Julia Ward Howe and Maud Howe (her daughter) titled "American Drawing Rooms: The Story of My Boston Drawing Room", October, 1910. Page 2 of 3.

 

Full Text: ... remember as a girl at your father's house in Bond Street, New York?" "They were nearly all Milanese and they were all good people. I remember Forresti, Castiglia and Albinola; he established himself in business in New York and did very well. They must all be forgotten by now.""One never knows. Somebody may remember them,some descendant may read what you say about them, be glad to know that their names are preserved in the amber of your memory. Tell what you remember of your drawing-room in the time of the Civil War; which of the heroes of that time sat at your table?"

 

"John Brown was at Green Peace, but he came privately and alone, to take counsel with your father. I had been told that he was coming and myself opened the door for him. He was a middle-aged, middle-sized man with hair and beard of amber color streaked with gray. He looked a Puritan of the Puritans, forceful, concentrated and self -contained."

 

"And Lincoln?" • "He was never to my knowledge in Boston, and certainly never at our house. I only saw him once; that was in Washington. In the autumn of 1861 I went with your father, who was one of the founders of the Sanitary Commission and of the Freed-man's Bureau, to the Capitol. Our Minister, James Freeman Clarke, and Governor and Mrs. Andrew were of the party. It was an agonizing time, when McClellan's great army lay encamped, useless, about Washington and no possible issue to the war was in view. The secessionists had determined that Lincoln should never reach Washington alive. John Felton, a younger brother of our friend Cornelius, made a plan by which Lincoln was smuggled into Washington incognito. Nobody knew he was there until he was safe at the White House. Governor Andrew had arranged our meeting. We all went together and were received in one of the drawing-rooms. I remember well the sad expression of Lincoln's deep blue eyes, the only hand-some thing about his face."

 

"I have but two memories of the war," said the daughter. "I can see our dinner-table when the news came that Vicksburg had fallen; papa waving the newspaper over his head, Brother Harry jumping onto his chair and waving his napkin. The other memory is of a certain Sunday morning when I went before breakfast with papa to get the mail from the post-office. We were crossing the common between six and seven o'clock, when a pale man staggered up to us with a newspaper in his hand, grasped papa by the arm and cried out:

 

"'Have you heard? Lincoln is murdered, God help us!' I remember my father's reeling as if he had been struck and our sitting down on a bench until he had fully recovered from the shock."

 

"It must have been during the war that I gave my reception for Edwin Booth, one of many, for he was often at our house. The winter before he had played an engagement at the Boston Theater. Lovely Mary Devlin, to whom he was engaged to be married, was his leading lady. Their acting of Romeo and Juliet bench until he had fully recovered from the shock." "It must have been during the war that I gave my reception for Edwin Booth, one of many, for he was often at our house. The winter before he had played an engagement at the Boston Theater. Lovely Mary Devlin, to whom he was engaged to be married, was his leading lady. Their acting of Romeo and Juliet was an ideal performance. My reception was given after their marriage. The Booths came early; when the other guests began to arrive, I looked in vain for Mr. Booth. Finally we found him in one of the back rooms with you. He had made his handkerchief into a rabbit and was making shadow pictures on the wall to amuse the little girl of the house."

 

"Yes, I remember, and he wanted to kiss me, and I would not let him."

 

"I shall never forget," continued the mother, "the funeral of Mary Booth. It was at the chapel at Mt. Vernon, where Thomas Crawford's statue of Otis stands, one of the finest portrait statues in America. I could not help thinking of the funeral of Ophelia in Hamlet,' as I looked at the pale, agonized face of the young widower, so lately a bridegroom. When I said this to Louis Agassiz, he said, 'It probably made him think of it, too.' As the funeral cortege entered, a young man of great physical beauty followed the coffin. He was dressed in English clothes and had rather a foreign air. I remember the strong contrast between his very blue eyes and his very black hair. He wore alight overcoat and had a strange air of not quite be-longing to the occasion. He proved to be Wilkes Booth, Edwin Booth's younger brother, afterward the assassin of Lincoln."

 

"How could you manage to entertain, when you were all so busy?"

 

"We always kept open house. I am glad to remember that our house was one of the places where Governor Andrew used to take refuge when the need of rest became imperative. Henry Wilson, the vice-president, was a familiar guest at our house. He was from the town of Natick. A very good man, though he got his abuse as much as the others. I remember Mrs. Silsbee, wife of the treasurer of Harvard College, coming to one of our parties at this time in thread gloves. She showed them to your father, saying, 'While my country is in such distress, I do not intend to wear kid gloves.' "

 

"That thought was in the air. Your poem, 'Our Orders,' expresses it:

 

"Weave no more silks, you Lyons looms,

To deck our girls for gay delights!

The crimson flower of battle blooms,

And solemn marches fill the night.

 

"Weave but the flag whose bars to-day

Drooped heavy o'er our early dead,

And homely garments, coarse and gray,

For orphans that must earn their bread!

 

"I can dimly remember a party given for General Grant in the early seventies when we were living in Miss Nabby Joy's old house on Mt. Vernon Street. Our neighbor, Mr. William Gray, had given a splendid reception for General McClellan. I have an impression that papa asked you to give this reception and that it had some political significance and was meant rather to offset the effect of the splendid reception for McClellan."

 

"Your father sent me with Mrs. Andrew to call upon the Grants, who were, I think, staying at the Parker House. I asked Mrs. Grant if the general and she could come to us the next evening; it was their last day in Boston. She said that they could, and I gathered together all the friends that could to meet them. It was a very large reception in spite of the shortness of the time. What I observed most in Grant that evening was his remarkable power of effacing himself from notice. He was essentially a, very modest man. I had continually to say to myself during the evening, The general-in-chief of all our armies is here. What can I do to help him pass the evening pleasantly?' "

 

"Do you remember the party given for General Grant by Healy, the American portrait-painter, in Paris?"

The first portrait made of Julia Ward Howe when a child aged three years. From an oil-painting, to an unknown artist, which has never heretofore been reproduced. This painting hangs in the drawing-room of Mrs. Howe's summer home' at Newport.

 

"Perfectly. It was either in 1877 or 1878. The Grants were on their way home from their tour around the world. They were received everywhere with royal honors, and held experienced the same sort of triumphal progress that Mr. Roosevelt has lately been enjoying. Mr. Healy asked us to come punctually; when we arrived, we understood why I was to dance in the quadrille of honor with which the ball opened. Gambetta was then President of France. He danced with Mrs. Healy, Mr. Healy danced with Mrs. Grant, the general was my partner.

 

"John Sullivan Dwight was called the Nestor of Music in Boston. He was our beloved house friend. You children all adored him and spoke of him affectionately as 'Dwighty.' He took us to the most delightful concerts and brought many of the great foreign musicians who came to Boston to our house. He was always a little in love with the pretty young women singers, pianists and violinists. I remember you spared his enthusiasm for Christine Nilsson, Adelaide Top, Theresa Carreno. In the days before the Symphony Orchestra he was the prime mover of the old Harvard Musical Concerts at the Boston Music Hall. Carl Jerrahn was the conductor of the orchestra, and of the Handel and Haydn Society as well. 'Dwight's Journal of Music' was the authority on all musical matters then. Mr. Dwight lived at the rooms of the Harvard Musical Society, of which. he was the moving spirit. He was a passionate admirer of Dickens. I remember his reading aloud to us the whole of 'Our Mutual Friend: 'Oliver Twist' and 'Nicholas Nickleby."

 

"Tell about Charlotte Cushman," prompted the daughter.

 

"Charlotte was an interesting woman and the first American actress of her time. She often came to our house and has told me much of her stage life. Her first hit was at the old Par Theater. She was an understudy for the part of Meg Merrilies in an excellent play, made from Scott's novel, 'Guy Mannering.' The leading lady, who was to have played Meg Merrilies, was taken ill and Charlotte was called upon to take the part. Just as she went on the stage she heard one of the gypsies, who was repeating his lines say, 'Meg grows merciful.' She took her cue from the words and deter- mined to put a new tenderness in the acting of Meg toward the boy. With this original interpretation of the role, which she really created, Charlotte made her first palpable hit. Later she played with Macready in Byron's 'Werner' and had a certain success. Macready made her an offer to go with him to Paris; the terms were so unsatisfactory that she refused. I remember her telling me of the-first really great impression she made. It was in England, in the provinces. She was to appear that evening for the first time in 'Fazio.' a play that had a great vogue. Charlotte's devoted maid Sally, a mulatto girl, was her standby. The morning of the play Charlotte said to Sally: 'I would like to spend three and sixpence for ribbons to dress up that part to-night; can we afford it?' "

 

'No, Miss Charlotte, we can't afford no three and sixpence for ribbons,' said Sally. Charlotte went on the stage in the old dress without the ribbons. She was playing the part of Fazio's neglected wife. In one of the scenes, when the unfaithful husband returns to her, she gave the line, 'Fazio, you have been with Wilhelmina !' After she had gone so far she heard a great noise and looked to see what it was; to her astonishment it was applause! It was some minutes before she could go on with her part. From that time she went up and up, till she very quickly reached the top."

 

"I suppose the great interest you took in theatrical people at that time was the result of your writing for the stage."

 

"I think it must have been. The dramatic impulse was so strong in me that, besides my serious plays, I kept writing charades and monologues and drawing-room comedies; I could not help it, my mind was full of it. I was forced to express it in a dozen different forms."

 

"Tell about the two serious plays you wrote for the stage."

 

"My first play, 'The World's Own,' was produced at Wallack's Theater, with the elder Sothern in the leading part. It was before he made his hit as Lord Dundreary in 'The American Cousin.' The play (it was published later by Ticknor and Fields) is a story of modern romance with no particularly new feature of any kind. Although it did not, as they say, 'keep the stage,' it made such an impression on those who saw it that Edwin Booth, then at the beginning of his career, asked me to write a play for him. I promised to do this and devoted to it the better part of half a year. In the meantime I had made Mr. Booth's acquaintance and seen him act frequently. 1 had formed some idea of the sort of character that would suit him. I had recently seen Rachel in 'Phedre.' This somehow suggested to my mind the ideal character of Hippolytus, the youth in love with the goddess of chastity, Artemis, as a very suitable character for Booth. The play was written, offered, accepted. The parts were given out, the performance arranged, when some stage imbroglio led the manager, E. L. Davenport, to reverse his decision, so that the play was not given then or since. I understood at the time that Mrs. Davenport, the manager's wife, was dissatisfied with the part assigned her, and that this led to my so great disappointment.

 

"Charlotte Cushman, who was then at the very height of her fame, was to have taken the part of the heroine."

 

"If your plays for the public did not have the success you hoped for, your private theatricals succeeded beyond belief. I remember that Boston rang with them when I was too young to be allowed to sit lip in the evening to see them. The older children told me about them. Was it while we were living in Chestnut Street that you wrote 'The Socio-ll1aniac?' "

 

"No, later; it must have been in Boylston Place. It was the year your sister Laura came out, and I gave two receptions to introduce her to society. s During these receptions I caught such confused -scraps of conversation as these, 'How is Mr. So-and-so?' 'Is Mrs. Cats foot better?' 'Athanais is in love,' and so on. I had the idea of a heroine who had gone mad from too much society, and who kept repeating all the little bits of disjointed talk that one hears at a large reception. 'The Sociomaniac,' however, was never really written, only planned. I composed the music and the words for two or three of the songs!"

 

"Alas, the day!" sighed the daughter. "I think it a [illegible portion] in love,' and so on. I had the idea of a heroine who had gone mad from too much society, and who kept repeating all the little bits of disjointed talk that one hears at a large reception. 'The Sociomaniac,' however, was never really written, only planned. I composed the music and the words for two or three of the songs!"

 

"Alas, the day!" sighed the daughter. "I think it a great shame and loss that the public should know so little of the fun, the frolic, the joyous nonsense with which you have always bubbled over. After all, it’s the rarest and most endearing of all human gifts. The world knows you as a poet and reformer; it has had hardly a glimpse of you in cap and bells. Sing me the Boston Song, the best of 'The Sociomaniac' ditties."

 

The old piano in the front drawing-room still has a sweet tone-and the old singer's voice? To some of us it is more uplifting than Tettrazini's or Melba's.

 

THE BOSTON SONG FROM "THE SOCIOMANIAC"

 

"Her mother was a Shaw and her father was a Tompkins, Her sister was a bore and her brother was a bumpkins.

 

CHORUS-Oh, soci-, oh, soci-, oh, soci-i-i-i-i-i-i-itY.

 

"Her flounces were of gold and her slippers were of ermin, And she looked a little bold when she went to lead in Germin in.

 

CHORUS-Oh, soci-, oh, soci-, oh, soci-i-i-i-i-i-i-it),.

 

"For my part I never saw where she kept her fascination, But I thought she had an awful conceit and affectation. CHORUS-Oh, soci-, oh, soci-, oh, soci-i-i-i-i-i-i-ity.

 

"Though I had too much serious business on my hands at the time to give even a little leisure to comic composition, I did ftt1d time to amuse the so-called Brain Club with a mock presentation at court, which made them laugh so violently that some of the members claimed that their laughter made them ill. I had read a very foolish and stilted account written by a southern woman of her presentation at the English Court; this I turned into ridicule in my monologue, 'Mrs. Some Pumpkins at Court.' I made Queen Victoria speak with the cockney accent. Once when I gave this in the South at a friend's house, an English lady of a very literal turn of mind, who was present, became furious and kept repeating 'Our queen!' in a tone of deep resentment. In the course of Mrs. Some Pumpkins' audience with the queen, the latter asks: 'Is it teroo that Butler's wife hev a diamond clasp to her honi soit qui mal y pense?'"

 

"Motley's the wear, you make them laugh still! What suggested the 'Parlor-Macbeth' to you? That festivity was before my day, though I have a certain vicarious knowledge of it, gained by putting up your lovely white Lady Macbeth dress in camphor every spring for thirty years, until I had the happy thought of making it up into the white pope's gown you are wearing this very minute !"

 

"The 'Parlor Lady Macbeth' was suggested by my seeing the opera of 'Der Frieschutz' given by a very poor company in a very small theater at Newport. This seemed to me like the performance of 'Macbeth' by one person, and that one could only be Lady Macbeth, so I had no rest of mind until I had composed this mono-logical 'Macbeth,' in which my dear minister, James Freeman Clarke, told me that in spite of the fun there was some of the feeling of the horror of the play. The Duncan was of the firm of Duncan, Sherman and Company, well known at that day. [CONCLUDED ON PAGE 80]

  

Date: 1910

 

Creator: Woman's Home Companion

 

Format: text

 

Digital Identifier: AG28-19-7

 

Biographical note: Julia Ward Howe (1819-1910) was an author, lecturer, poet, activist, abolitionist and leader in the Women's suffrage movement. Born in New York City to affluent parents, Ward Howe was well educated but expected to be a wife. In 1843 Ward Howe married Samuel Gridley Howe the founding director of Perkins after meeting him at a tour of the school. Despite conventional expectations that she not live a public life she initially published work anonymously before becoming a social activist that wrote, spoke, and worked for many social causes. She is commonly known for writing the words to “Battle Hymn of the Republic” and in 1908, she became the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts. In 1988 she was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame.

 

Source: Hale, Jen. (2022) ”Julia Ward Howe”. Hale, Jen. “Julia Ward Howe” Perkins Archives Blog, Perkins School for the Blind, Watertown MA, October 26, 2022

 

Rights: Samuel P. Hayes Research Library, Perkins School for the Blind, Watertown, MA

You can either hit 'all sizes' to try and read the article (Kindly written with my permission by Nathan Meunier) of you can go out and buy a copy for yourself. I strongly encourage the latter.

Holy Trinity Church in Kraków

This article is about the Dominican church. See also: floor plan of the same name .

Church of the Holy Trinity

Dominican convent church

Parish Church

Distinctive emblem for cultural property.svg A- 21, 25/03/1931 , A- 188 / M 02/09/1999 [1 ]

View from us . Dominican

Country Poland

In Kraków, ul. Joiners 12

the Roman Catholic

The Roman Catholic Church

Parish of the Holy Trinity

Minor Basilica of 1957

History

Data temple

Location map of the Old Town in Krakow

Church of the Holy Trinity

Church of the Holy Trinity

Earth 50 ° 03'33 .44 " N 19 ° 56'21 , 89 " E

Multimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons

Holy Trinity Church - a historic church located in the Old Town of Krakow, ul. Stolarskiej 12, combined with the Dominican convent.

History

Church. Trinity ( XVII -XIX century )

The service on the ruins of the church after a fire in 1850

Holy Trinity Church

Dominican Republic, with St . Jack at the helm, came to Krakow to Bologna in 1222. He brought the Cracow bishop Iwo Odrowąż who gave the Dominicans partly wood, partly brick parish church. Trinity, moving to a new parish church of St Mary, March 12, 1223, the church was consecrated .

New Gothic church and monastery of the Dominicans began to rise after the Tartar invasion in 1241. Originally it was a three-aisled hall, which was then, at the turn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the basilica was rebuilt. Until the mid nineteenth century, one of the characteristic features of the exterior of the temple was made ​​of brick bell tower, standing not in front of the facade of the Church Street exit. Carpentry. After a fire in 1850, the church bell tower remained of the burned walls that were demolished during the reconstruction work of the church. In 1876, in place of the tower dostawiono the neo-Gothic facade of the temple porch. It protected the Gothic, the fourteenth-century portal of the main entrance, which was renovated in 1893 Among other things, lists the number of broken fragments of stone.

The end of the glory of the church put a terrible fire Krakow in 1850. It burned the whole interior with the exception of some of the chapels of the nave vault collapsed. Immediately after the fire started a comprehensive reconstruction of the temple. Construction lasted between 1850-1884 , and guided by the architect Theophilus Żebrawski. Blown walls were so weak that they had to dismantle part of the imminent collapse of the facade. After joining the reconstruction, it turned out that even the lower parts of the walls and pillars are too damaged to be able to carry the weight of the new vault. Therefore temporarily propped up with wooden beams and pillars of pressed metal rims. In the years 1853-1854 the rate of recovery was very slow, but such managed to bring the new stained glass windows by German artist Hübner The following year, construction was resumed, supporting silhouetted walls and covering them with arches supported on pillars of brick, stone interleaved only. After removing the props from under the arches of the nave vaults in the morning, April 12, 1855, a portion of the vault and the walls collapsed, damaging a neighboring house. This catastrophe building in Kraków moved public opinion. Especially criticized austerity policies in the selection of materials. In order to ensure adequate control was established in 1856 by a special committee conservation. After collecting the necessary funds and uprzątnięciu debris, only in 1858 began to laying new foundations for the pillars. Three years later roofed aisles, and in 1863 - the main nave. Basic work on the reconstruction was completed in 1872 . As a result, the appearance of the temple has changed considerably, which was criticized by the artistic community. Especially firmly decided to include sculptor Edward Stehlik. Later, many attacks also met Francis activity prior Pavoni who has pseudogotyckich interior alterations, furnishings and architectural details of the church. At the present time a high altar, choir stalls and confessionals. After the restoration, in 1884, the church was consecrated .

Since 1957 the church is a basilica minor .

Interior

Today the Trinity church is a three-nave Gothic temple of brick and stone, built in the characteristic of the Krakow-skarpowym (clothing) pillar system, with an elongated choir ended straight wall.

In the church, next to the main altar, is buried Leszek the Black Prince, who died in 1288. In the chancel of the church has a brown plate eminent humanist Filip Callimachus , who died in 1496, and made ​​according to a design by Veit Stoss.

Authorities built in the 1890s the company Rieger Brothers of Jägerndorfu as opus 756. The instrument has 30 votes, mechanical and pneumatic tracker game tracker registers. It is a valuable and interesting example of the romantic organ building, while maintaining to this day its original concept of the tone.

Chapels

The interior of the church

Nave south (right )

Saint Joseph's Oratory. Rose Limańskiej (Lubomirski) - built in the early seventeenth century Gothic chapel, burial place Pilecki (erected in the late fourteenth century). The founders were Sebastian Lubomirski and his wife Anna Branicka, their portraits are on the walls in TONDACH brakes. The interior of the dome filled with images of St. Sebastian, Stanislaw and Anna Samotrzeć and the prophet Elijah, in the niches are statues of saints (Dominik, Stanislaus, Stanislaus Kostka, Czeslaw, Kazimierz, Jacek, Florian and Wojciech). The chapel was closed seventeenth century grid.

Saint Joseph's Oratory. Thomas - built in the fifteenth century by the characteristics of tailors. Is covered with a dome network. Equipment is designed by Marian Pavoni neo-Gothic altar with statues of St. Thomas, Casimir Stanislaus Kostka, Anthony and Albert, Renaissance tomb of Nicholas Bogusz Krasnystaw governor and Tommaso Dolabella image depicting a school of St . Thomas Aquinas.

Chapel of the Saviour (Przeździeckich) - placed by Nicholas Edeling in 1368, subsequent came under the care of the bakers' guild, and in the sixteenth century passed into the possession of the family Orliki. After a fire in 1850 and restored by the family Przeździeckich. Equipped with a neo-Gothic altar made ​​by Edward Stehlik, designed by Theophilus Żebrawskiego.

Saint Joseph's Oratory. Joseph (Szafraniec, Provanów) - built in the fifteenth century by the characteristics of shoemakers, after many years was owned by the family Szafraniec. Equipment is a neo-Gothic altar designed by Marian Pavoni with the image of Christ in the Holy workshop. Joseph John Angelika Drewaczyńskiego brush and Mannerist tombstone Prosper Prov - żupnika Wieliczka .

Saint Joseph's Oratory. Dominic Myszkowskis - founded in 1614. It is located on the second to last in the side, the right aisle. It is specific and easy to recognize because it can see a gallery of family Myszkowskis. These are the family carved figures inside the dome. This chapel is easy to recognize from the outside, because it is decorated with rustication. The building was used srebrzystoczarny (shiny metallic grey) noble marble columns are colored in soft, broken pink and white sculptures emphasize elegance.

Chapel of the Rosary - it was built on a Greek cross with a dome over the intersection of the arms in the years 1685-1688 on the site of an earlier fifteenth- century chapel of the Annunciation. In 1668 was placed in the chapel of the image of Our Lady of the Rosary, which according to tradition was to belong to St . Stanislaus Kostka. It is located between the main altar with statues of St . Pius V and error . Benedict IX. The walls and ceiling covered by a polychrome painted over in 1820 by Teodor Baltazar Stachowicz and in 1875 by Valentine and Wladyslaw Bąkowskich. It reveals the mysteries of the Rosary, the coronation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the saints and angelic choirs. The chapel is the tomb of Stanislaus Sołtyka by F. Pozzi, painting of the Madonna and Child in a silver dress and the statue of Christ the Man of Sorrows in the early sixteenth century. Since 1983, the chapel is the burial place Teofili Sobieska mother of King John III Sobieski , and Marek Sobieski (brother of John III) .

Nave north (left )

Headstone of General Jan Skrzynecki in the chapel of Jesus Crucified

Saint Joseph's Oratory. Catherine of Siena (Zbaraskis) - built the foundation of George Zbaraskiego Castellan of Cracow in the years 1627-1633 by Andrew and Anthony Castellich. Perched on a rectangular plan and is covered with a dome of elliptical projection. The interior is made of black marble. Opposite the entrance is an altar with a picture of Teodor Baltazar Stachowicz showing a vision of St . Catherine of Siena. On both sides of the picture are statues of St . St. Catherine of Alexandria and St . Catherine of Siena. On the right side of the altar - George Zbaraskiego tombstone, and on the left - Christopher Zbaraskiego. The chapel was closed grille of the 2nd half. Nineteenth century, mounted on a marble balustrade.

Saint Joseph's Oratory. Mary Magdalene (Malachowski) - built in the fifteenth century, in the sixteenth century wore call St . John the Baptist, and was owned by the family Tęczyńska. Since 1884 belongs to the family Malachowski. It is located in the neo-Gothic design by Marian altar painting of St. Pavoni. Mary Magdalene Wladyslaw Bąkowski brush, painting Feast of Simon Thomas Dolabella and Malachowskis tombstone from 1884.

Chapel of Jesus Crucified - built in the late fourteenth century with the foundation of John Castellan łęczycki Ligęza. It wore once call St . Stanislaus. In the seventeenth taken care of her features masons. At the arcade, there are fragments of Gothic paintings from the end of the fourteenth century St . Catherine of Alexandria and the two prophets. The equipment includes the neo-Gothic altar designed by Marian Pavoni an image of Christ crucified Joseph Simmler brush. The high altar is gothic reliquary containing the remains of Bl. Wit - the thirteenth-century apostle of Lithuania. In front of the altar is the marble tomb of General Jan Skrzynecki. In the chapel Masses are celebrated on the anniversary of the Battle of Olszynka Grochowska.

Chapel of the Holy . Jack - in it, in a late Baroque tomb placed on the altar are the remains of the saint. The altar was made in the years 1695-1703 by Baltazar Fontana. The same artist around 1700 the chapel decorated with stucco. Then covered wall murals Charles Dankwart. In the chapel there are also scenes from the life of St . Jack painted by Tomasz Dolabella. The chapel is closed grille of the mid-eighteenth century.

Monastery

The monastic buildings adjacent to the church on the north and center on three wirydarzy. The galleries around the first of them are called campo santo Krakow because of the numerous monuments, tombstones and epitaphs set in the walls. Cross-ribbed vault of the cloister dates from the fourteenth century, tombstones and epitaphs in most of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The oldest portion of the buildings are Romanesque refectory of wild stone and portal decorated with braid. Is identified with the original church of St. Trinity devoted to the Dominicans in 1222 by Iwo Odrowąż, or the oratory built after the fire of 1225 years. Inside are paintings of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. On the left of the Roman relics are early Gothic windows, identified by some scholars of the Church of the former St . Thomas. The buildings also include:

chapter house erected from the thirteenth to the beginning. The sixteenth century. It leads to the Gothic portal .

Gothic hall is covered with cross-ribbed vault supported on three pillars

Old library, built in the thirteenth, and rebuilt in the seventeenth century.

Stock monastery include, among others portraits of the bishops of the Dominican order, Tommaso Dolabella images from the years 1614 to 1620, the so-called accommodation. Dominican polyptych by the Master of the Dominican Passion, painting of St . Jude Luke Orlowski, Vision of St. Sophie Michael Stachowicz, alabaster sculpture Gothic Madonna and Child (called jacks) on the head reliquary of St . Jack baroque vestments, numerous incunabula, old books and even manuscripts from the thirteenth century.

pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazylika_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_Tr%C3%B3...

Starfall: And we are back again, this time with Evgeniya “Pepperjane” Perchina, the support of Strike 5.

Pepper: Hey.

Starfall: Pepper, how does it feel to be the only girl on the pro scene?

Pepper: Like an adventure, but it does get lonely sometimes. Turning to my teammates and going “Hey, that guy is so hot!” just doesn’t have the right feel to it, ya know?

Starfall: *smiles* Yes, I think I do. What made you decide to go into gaming? It’s not a very girly thing to do.

Pepper: Well, I was going to be a motorcycle mechanic, that’s not very girly either. But I dunno, for a while we were joking around that we’d make a great team and mocked up future plans… And suddenly Grey is all serious about it and next thing I know, Shane and I are moving out to Cali. It just happened.

Starfall: You and Shane know each other for a long time?

Pepper: Oh yeah. We grew up together, suffered through high school together… He is family.

Starfall: Speaking of family, I understand that you are related to your current manager, Rachel?

Pepper: Yeah, Rache was married to my brother for a while. She was my idol when I was younger and when I decided to move out here, she came with me and started taking care of all of us, while we were trying to become a real team.

Starfall: What’s your role on the team?

Pepper: To make sure Shane doesn’t do stupid shit, make calls for objectives and keep everyone as much alive as possible.

Starfall: If there was an all-girl team out there, would you join?

Pepper: Nah. I like my guys. They are easier to talk to than girls.

Starfall: Which one of them is the hardest to be around?

Pepper: It’s between Doranson and Hawk. One is very closed off and the other is a pain in the ass.

Starfall: Who are the top three ADC’s you’d like to play with?

Pepper: Ooh! Definitely Genja, then maybe Aphromoo and Imp.

Starfall: I have a request here for a fuck, marry, kill for the following players: xPeke, Krepo and Ocelot.

Pepper: Too easy! Definitely fuck xPeke, marry Krepo, since he seems like the nicest of the bunch and like he’d appreciate me cooking for him… that means I have to kill Ocelot, even though he’s never done nothing to me.

Starfall: And of course, I can’t let you leave without asking, because it’s the whole community that wants to know: are you dating anyone?

Pepper: Nah, don’t really have the time for that. We practice way too much.

Starfall: Thank you Pepper, it’s nice to have a girl here for a change. Tomorrow we finish up our string of interviews, tune in!

From: www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/somerset-houses-dusty...

 

It must be the dustiest, mustiest bank basement in town. It's in the former United Building Society's 97-year-old building on Gandhi Square, now known as Somerset House. The basement has got an eery, stopped-on-a-day feeling about it.

 

I recently went down into the basement and felt as if I was entering Johannesburg's version of an ancient Egyptian tomb - it was mouldy, very dusty, very musty and it looked like the bank officials had finished up work on a day, locked up and left the city, although it was operational up until three years ago.

 

It's actually the safety deposit box vault of the United, now Absa Bank, secure behind a 25cm thick double steel vault door. There are around 1 000 boxes behind those doors and another set of vault doors, from floor to ceiling, most of them firmly shut, with their keys lost years ago. Some boxes have their doors open, revealing empty insides.

 

Coming down the stairs into the room, the walls are mouldy, with peeling and bubbled paint. At the bottom sits the large table and chairs at which box owners examined the boxes and their contents, before putting them back into the vault.

 

The room still retains its beautiful decorated green tiles half way up the walls, and its small green and white floor tiles. It has a high ceiling, and on one side, the glass doors of the manager's office.

 

Architect Mark Hindson, while doing research on Edwardian buildings in the city in 1982, recalls coming across old plans in the vault basement, which, when they were handled, simply turned to dust.

 

The present owner of the building, who wishes to remain anonymous, says about the boxes: "All those people who used to have boxes have melted away." He says the owners of the boxes died years ago, and with their deaths, the keys disappeared.

 

The owner is the son of a former inner city property dealer, who used to buy buildings around town when he arrived in Johannesburg in the early 1900s. These days, the owner of Somerset House, together with his brothers, still owns scattered buildings around the city.

 

He says people used to approach his father, offering him buildings, and he used to buy a building if he thought it was "a snip".

 

"When people found out, they would run to see if they could cancel the purchase, because surely if he [the father] was buying it, it must have been too cheap," he says, with a smile.

 

Somerset House is one of many old inner city buildings which is looking a little neglected. Many buildings in this condition have simply been bricked up to prevent squatters from moving in and doing more damage. But, unlike these buildings, Somerset House is still functioning, and has tenants.

 

Some of its former grandness is still visible. Its arched entrance is in Fox Street, consisting of three storeys in attractive, grey-plastered Edwardian/classicism style. Walking into the entrance, you'll be greeted by glossy green, period wall tiles and classic black and white marble and slate floor tiles.

 

The entrance gives way to an interior court that stretches up the three storeys, an uplifting space, allowing light into the building. The ground floor retains its metal lift, no longer working, surrounded by a staircase. Each floor has wrought iron and wood-topped railings. The roof used to be covered in Georgian wired glass, with glass windows, fitted with brass, on the three sides. These days it's covered in transparent plastic and metal sheeting. It must have been glorious in its day.

 

The exterior has also been changed. The upper floor had balconies and French doors. The first floor had large windows. The balconies and doors have disappeared and been replaced with slightly recessed, wider windows.

 

In fact the bank closed its doors in 1930, although the basement remained in place until 2000. The United Building Society was established in 1889.

 

According to John Shorten in Johannesburg Saga, it had inauspicious beginnings: "Johannesburg was only three years old when a small group of working men met in the office of the Special Landdrost, Captain Carl von Brandis, to start a modest building society. They had no idea of doing anything beyond helping one another to raise money over a short term for the building of decent though unambitious houses, but from the few sovereigns clinked on the table that day there has grown the United Building Society - the largest institution of its kind in South Africa and one of the biggest in the world."

 

It rented its first office at no 6 Victoria Buildings, part of the old Jeppe Arcade in Commissioner Street.

 

Office clerk Arthur Kyle recalled the simplicity of that first office: "There was not even a counter, only a standing desk with one small table in the corner for the office boy. AF Smith, the secretary, sat at the desk. There were no typewriters or printed forms, but we had a telephone."

 

Most of those early clients were miners and artisans, taking out housing loans of £150.

 

In 1899 the United could boast assets of £50 000. In the same year the Anglo Boer War broke out, and the United closed its doors for nearly two-and-a-half years, waiving all interest on bonds that had accrued during the war.

 

In 1897 an Australian, Frank Blackwell, was appointed secretary. After the war he instituted a number of innovative rules, says Shorten. He put in place a strict system of building inspection; anti-fraud regulations; arranged the office hours to suit Friday and month end days to accommodate customers' demands; and recommended an emblem for the United.

 

Shorten explains: "This is the classical figure from the fables - a strong man, kneeling on one knee while trying to break a bundle of sticks against the other - the sticks symbolising strength through unity."

 

The figure was modelled in marble in Italy, and by the time it was ready, so was the new three-storey United office building. The marble figure was placed on a pedestal in a recessed arch on the first floor exterior of the new building. The emblem was reproduced on bank books of clients and the United's house tie.

 

The new office building was constructed in 1906. The building society took up the ground floor and the basement, which housed the United Safe Deposit Company, the dusty, musty space of today. On the first floor Baumann Gilfillan, a group of lawyers, had their rooms and on the second floor, an accountant, AEA Williamson, rented space.

 

Shorten says that the directors issued a circular to members, announcing that the offices had been "superbly fitted and replete with all conveniences which experience has taught are necessary to the comfort of the public and of the officials".

 

After the war the United continued to grow, and with interest rates fixed across the board at 12 percent, it expanded business. By 1907 it was expanding outside of Johannesburg, and receiving deposits through an arrangement with the National Bank of South Africa Ltd. In 1908 a travelling representative was appointed to visit country towns.

 

By 1909 the United's assets stood at £312 000, an increase of 500 percent over the past decade. Despite this, the operation was still very modest: less than 12 staff members, all male, with the average loan being granted at between £500 to £1 000, sufficient for building a four to five-roomed middle-class home.

 

In 1910 the United Building Society set a precedent that was soon followed by other building societies. Previously home applicants had to buy shares when applying for a loan. It changed this rule, issuing loans without any pre-conditions. This encouraged working class people to apply for bonds, leading to the development of some of the city's southern suburbs. This established the building society as the working man's bank.

 

"Rough-looking miners and artisans would visit its offices on a Saturday morning to deposit their cash or apply for building loans," according to Shorten.

 

In 1919 the United's assets stood at £912 000, a 209 percent increase since 1909. It spread its influence: a branch in Cape Town opened in 1923; a branch in Port Elizabeth in 1926; one in Durban 1931, East London in 1938 and Bloemfontein in 1939. It was now represented in all four provinces - Orange Free State, Transvaal, Cape and Natal.

 

But it soon needed more space in Johannesburg. A new building, on the corner of Joubert and Fox streets, was built in 1928, called United Buildings. The marble figure was erected in the entrance to the building.

 

In the 1930s United again set a precedent. By reducing its fixed deposit and savings rates, it was able to reduce its lending rate from eight and a half percent to six percent.

 

Shorten comments: "Applications for building loans broke all records and within a few years the United, having meanwhile been eclipsed in size by two other building societies, again became the biggest institution of its kind in the country, a lead it has maintained to our day."

 

In 1970 the United had around 174 000 shareholders and 639 000 depositors, with mortgage bonds totalling R542-million and assets of R680-million.

 

But by the 1990s times had changed and building societies became obsolete. In 1991 Absa Bank was formed, an amalgamation of a number of building societies: Allied Bank (Allied Building Society, established in 1888), Volkskas Group (Volkskas Co-operative Limited, established in 1934) and United Bank (United Building Society, established in 1889).

 

Absa still occupies the building on Joubert and Fox streets, on Gandhi Square, taken over from the United Bank.

 

When the building was sold to the owner's father in 1930, it changed its name to Somerset House. And the building took on a commercial role, according to Hindson. The "large front arched windows were taken away and replaced by shop fronts". The banking hall became the auction room, called Don's Mart, where second-hand furniture was sold.

 

Inside the courtyard a barber shop was "created for someone who had lost his job with his employer of many years, because he took off a religious holiday", says the owner. The shop was called Bennie the Barber. The owner says he remembers the barber well, all his haircuts were done at Bennie's.

 

Next to Bennie the Barber, on Fox Street, was Rolly's Snack Bar, at which, the owner says, you could view and select your meal, and a lever was turned and your meal was delivered by the machine - the city's first take-away vending food machine.

 

According to Hindson, in 1932 a public passage or arcade was created, running from Fox Street through to New South Street, on Gandhi Square. There used to be a small restaurant backing on to the square, called the Traffic Square Restaurant. The arcade became an important passageway between Fox Street and the square.

 

In 1935 a metal lift was installed, cutting into the staircase, which was subsequently reduced in width. The owner says that in the 1960s he stopped the lift, mainly because it had to convert from DC power to AC and that was a costly business.

 

It seems that in the 1930s the two upper floors were converted into seven residential flats, in a city that had a mixed residential/business feel. But by the early 1950s this again changed as people abandoned the city for the suburbs, and the space again was rented by small businesses.

 

The neighbouring five-storey High Court Building, believed to be older than Somerset House, and owned by the same company, housed a number of lawyers, and was, over the next few years, vacated by them. These days it houses a bottle store and a hairdressing salon on its ground floor, and seamstresses and tailors on its upper floors. Millew's Fashions occupies its Fox Street corner, at one time a very fashionable place to visit, owned by someone who left Europe shortly after World War II.

 

The owner of Millew's used to visit the US to ascertain the latest fashions. He walked into a designer's warehouse one day in New York and asked if he could order a dozen each of a range of different styles. The salesman turned to his backroom supervisor and shouted: "I've got someone here who wants some remnants," referring to a small order when most orders placed were for hundreds of items.

 

The owner describes him as having been "a wonderful gentleman" who attracted an enormous clientele. Nowadays Millew's is a bare-walled shop with stacks of metal clothing racks, selling second-hand clothing.

 

In 1950 Phoebus Georgios took over the restaurant, and 43 years later, he's still running it. It's called the Traffic Square Restaurant. He says it got its name from its previous owner, a traffic policeman, and he never saw a need to change the name. Before this, from 1946, it used to be Perk's Pies, with a small kitchen.

 

Georgios says he used to run a restaurant called the Guildhall Tearoom for eight years, in Market Street, next to the Guildhall Pub, one of Joburg's oldest pubs.

 

When Georgios took over the restaurant in 1950 it was a small, horseshoe-shaped place. He remembers the square as a car park, shortly after the Johannesburg Law Courts were demolished in 1948 and before it became a bus terminus called Van der Byl Square. Gandhi, who left the city in 1914, used to practise as an attorney at the courts, which were the city's first law courts, in what was known as Government Square, now Gandhi Square. The courts were in use until 1911 when the Pritchard Street Supreme Court building was built and court cases moved there.

 

Georgios remembers that trams used to ride the streets of the inner city.

 

In 1972 Georgios asked his landlord, the present owner, whether he could expand the restaurant's space by enclosing the arcade. This was done and the kitchen size was increased, and the present counter was created where the arcade had been.

 

The Traffic Square Restaurant hasn't changed much since those days. Its customers come in before work for breakfast and coffee, and they've got a wide selection to choose from: sardines or baked beans or spaghetti on toast, or mixed grill, perhaps with monkey gland steak, or mince, mash and salads, among other items on the menu.

 

Georgios says he knows most of his customers by name - they work in the vicinity. At 73, he has no intention of retiring - "I would die if I retired" - and he'll probably still be living in the house in Robertsham where he's been for 45 years, when he dies.

 

Somerset House now

 

Somerset House these days is a sad-looking building, a shadow of what it could be. In 1975 a 15-storey office block was erected next to it, on Rissik Street. During excavation for its foundations, Somerset House was not supported, and it developed serious cracks along its western wall.

 

During construction, bricks and other building debris landed on Somerset House's glass roof, causing extensive damage and allowing rain into the building. The owner replaced the remaining glass with plastic and metal, which still protects its beautiful inner courtyard from the weather.

 

The building is occupied by workers from the Traffic Square Restaurant, and other workers working for the owner.

 

And, in the meantime, that basement remains dusty and musty.

 

Update: 13 December 2017

 

Successful inner city property developer, Gerald Olitzki, bought Somerset House and the neighbouring High Court Building in 2016. Both have been undergoing restoration over the past year, and Somerset House is set to regain its former grandeur with its glorious tiles and marble floors, restored balconies and large window frontages.

 

Whereas a good deal of property developers are often looked upon as uncaring of the heritage value of properties in their drive to make a profit, Olitzki bucks that trend. He has been buying, renovating and converting inner city buildings into office space for the past 29 years, and has turned the area around Gandhi Square into a vibrant work and play oasis. He was the developer who originally proposed revitalising Gandhi Square back in the 1990s, then paid for the revamp. Today it is a vibey people place, as well as a bus terminus, lined with restaurants and coffee shops along its southern edge, and banks, offices and retail spaces on its northern edge.

 

But Olitzki is more than this - he is a passionate urban champion who genuinely wants to revive his 'hood. He now owns several dozen buildings in the inner city that he was reinvented as office space. He has found that he is now renting that space to companies from whom he originally bought the buildings, and reports that his buildings are "substantially full".

 

He has had his eye on Somerset House since the 1970s, so when is came up for auction, he jumped at the opportunity.

 

"The acquisition is more a fun and passionate exercise than a commercial exercise," he says. "It really needed attention, the old arcade is almost an operatic gallery."

 

Olitzki knew the previous owners, the Amoils brothers, who used to own a large number of buildings in the inner city. They finally sold their last 12 buildings, including Somerset House and the High Court Building, last year.

 

Olitzki hasn't fully worked out what he will do with the spaces fronting Somerset House's "operatic gallery", but I have no doubt the building will capture not only a glimpse of what Joburg's former glorious arcades looked like, but it will be an inviting space to enjoy a small slice of the Joburg of times past.

del.ici*o*.usだっつの!

あぁ～今ごろ気づいた…。

畜生!!

一生の恥。

Sport Truck Article With Lindsay

 

Clean Cut Creations Vintage Auto Works Vehicle Photography, We also provide photography services for anyone that wants to have high quality photos of their classic car with or without a model. Our photos have been published and featured in national publications and many of your favorite automotive magazines.

  

If you choose to include a model, we will give you a group of models to select from for your shoot. Hair, make up, wardrobe and styling will be included. We’ll help you choose the style, era, etc. that you’d like to see in your photos. We’ll arrange the whole shoot, including scouting a location that suits your ride! Click on the links to the right to see some of our awesome photo shoots!

 

cleancutcreations.com/ccc-vehicle-photography/

 

Like Us on Face Book At www.facebook.com/CCCSTL

 

Thanks Sigal Shilian, Einat Torres, Maariv & NRG for this article.

 

Please take a moment to download a FREE copy of our book "Our Lives Have Gone To The Dogs". Hope For Paws gets a 10 cent donation for every download.

 

Here is the link: www.eldadhagar.com

 

Thanks!

 

Eldad

 

Summer holiday 2014

In and around Berlin Germany

  

Berlin

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Jump to: navigation, search

  

This article is about the capital of Germany. For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation).

  

Berlin

 

State of Germany

Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.

Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.

 

Flag of Berlin

Flag Coat of arms of Berlin

Coat of arms

 

Location within European Union and Germany

Location within European Union and Germany

Coordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′ECoordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′E

 

Country

Germany

 

Government

  

• Governing Mayor

Michael Müller (SPD)

 

• Governing parties

SPD / CDU

 

• Votes in Bundesrat

4 (of 69)

 

Area

  

• City

891.85 km2 (344.35 sq mi)

 

Elevation

34 m (112 ft)

 

Population (December 2013)[1]

  

• City

3,517,424

 

• Density

3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi)

 

Demonym

Berliner

 

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

 

• Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

 

Postal code(s)

10115–14199

 

Area code(s)

030

 

ISO 3166 code

DE-BE

 

Vehicle registration

B[2]

 

GDP/ Nominal

€109.2 billion (2013) [3]

 

NUTS Region

DE3

 

Website

berlin.de

 

Berlin (/bərˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people,[4] Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.[5] Located in northeastern Germany on the River Spree, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 4.5 million residents from over 180 nations.[6][7][8][9] Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.[10]

 

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).[11] Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world.[12] After World War II, the city was divided; East Berlin became the capital of East Germany while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989).[13] Following German reunification in 1990, the city was once more designated as the capital of all Germany, hosting 158 foreign embassies.[14]

 

Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science.[15][16][17][18] Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations, and convention venues.[19][20] Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination.[21] Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction, and electronics.

 

Modern Berlin is home to renowned universities, orchestras, museums, entertainment venues, and is host to many sporting events.[22] Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions.[23] The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts, and a high quality of living.[24] Over the last decade Berlin has seen the upcoming of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.[25]

  

20th to 21st centuries[edit]

     

Street, Berlin (1913) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

After 1910 Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented. At the end of World War I in 1918, a republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. The act increased the area of Berlin from 66 to 883 km2 (25 to 341 sq mi). The population almost doubled and Berlin had a population of around four million. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties, but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.

     

Berlin in ruins after World War II (Potsdamer Platz, 1945).

In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. NSDAP rule effectively destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which had numbered 160,000, representing one-third of all Jews in the country. Berlin's Jewish population fell to about 80,000 as a result of emigration between 1933 and 1939. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's persecuted groups were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, starting in early 1943, were shipped to death camps, such as Auschwitz.[39] During World War II, large parts of Berlin were destroyed in the 1943–45 air raids and during the Battle of Berlin. Around 125,000 civilians were killed.[40] After the end of the war in Europe in 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.[41]

     

The Berlin Wall in 1986, painted on the western side. People crossing the so-called "death strip" on the eastern side were at risk of being shot.

All four Allies shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.[42] In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany. West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but it politically was aligned with the Federal Republic of Germany despite West Berlin's geographic isolation. Airline service to West Berlin was granted only to American, British, and French airlines.

     

The fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989. On 3 October 1990, the German reunification process was formally finished.

The founding of the two German states increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move that was not recognized by the western powers. East Berlin included most of the historic center of the city. The West German government established itself in Bonn.[43] In 1961, East Germany began the building of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. John F. Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" – speech in 1963 underlining the US support for the Western part of the city. Berlin was completely divided. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass from one to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners travel to West Berlin or West Germany prohibited. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.[44]

 

In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. Today, the East Side Gallery preserves a large portion of the Wall. On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital. In 1991, the German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted to move the seat of the (West) German capital from Bonn to Berlin, which was completed in 1999. Berlin's 2001 administrative reform merged several districts. The number of boroughs was reduced from 23 to twelve. In 2006 the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin.

  

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin

  

Museumspark Rüdersdorf

  

Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche

     

Blick auf den Museumspark Rüdersdorf

    

Touristischer Hinweis (A10)

Der Museumspark Rüdersdorf ist ein großes Freilicht-Industriemuseum in Rüdersdorf bei Berlin. Es dokumentiert die Gewinnung und Verarbeitung von Kalkstein aus dem Rüdersdorfer Kalkberg. Nur an wenigen Stellen tritt in der norddeutschen Tiefebene Kalkstein an die Erdoberfläche. Der Rüdersdorfer Kalkberg ist das größte Kalksteinvorkommen in Norddeutschland. Der Rüdersdorfer Kalkstein, als Werkstein und als Branntkalk oder zu Zement verarbeitet, war neben den Ziegeln aus der Mark Brandenburg der wichtigste Baustoff für die Metropole Berlin.

 

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museumspark_R%C3%BCdersdorf

Another short film shot at the Lee Valley Park Fishers Green entrance

One of those is me!

 

Human Rights Tattoo

The entire declaration. Find me in article 8

 

Lohas magazine in China contacted me a few months ago about doing an article about me. Kind of funny to see my photos and name in a magazine I can't read.

Summer holiday 2014

In and around Berlin Germany

  

Berlin

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Jump to: navigation, search

  

This article is about the capital of Germany. For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation).

  

Berlin

 

State of Germany

Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.

Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.

 

Flag of Berlin

Flag Coat of arms of Berlin

Coat of arms

 

Location within European Union and Germany

Location within European Union and Germany

Coordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′ECoordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′E

 

Country

Germany

 

Government

  

• Governing Mayor

Michael Müller (SPD)

 

• Governing parties

SPD / CDU

 

• Votes in Bundesrat

4 (of 69)

 

Area

  

• City

891.85 km2 (344.35 sq mi)

 

Elevation

34 m (112 ft)

 

Population (December 2013)[1]

  

• City

3,517,424

 

• Density

3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi)

 

Demonym

Berliner

 

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

 

• Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

 

Postal code(s)

10115–14199

 

Area code(s)

030

 

ISO 3166 code

DE-BE

 

Vehicle registration

B[2]

 

GDP/ Nominal

€109.2 billion (2013) [3]

 

NUTS Region

DE3

 

Website

berlin.de

 

Berlin (/bərˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people,[4] Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.[5] Located in northeastern Germany on the River Spree, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 4.5 million residents from over 180 nations.[6][7][8][9] Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.[10]

 

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).[11] Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world.[12] After World War II, the city was divided; East Berlin became the capital of East Germany while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989).[13] Following German reunification in 1990, the city was once more designated as the capital of all Germany, hosting 158 foreign embassies.[14]

 

Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science.[15][16][17][18] Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations, and convention venues.[19][20] Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination.[21] Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction, and electronics.

 

Modern Berlin is home to renowned universities, orchestras, museums, entertainment venues, and is host to many sporting events.[22] Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions.[23] The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts, and a high quality of living.[24] Over the last decade Berlin has seen the upcoming of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.[25]

  

20th to 21st centuries[edit]

     

Street, Berlin (1913) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

After 1910 Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented. At the end of World War I in 1918, a republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. The act increased the area of Berlin from 66 to 883 km2 (25 to 341 sq mi). The population almost doubled and Berlin had a population of around four million. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties, but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.

     

Berlin in ruins after World War II (Potsdamer Platz, 1945).

In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. NSDAP rule effectively destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which had numbered 160,000, representing one-third of all Jews in the country. Berlin's Jewish population fell to about 80,000 as a result of emigration between 1933 and 1939. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's persecuted groups were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, starting in early 1943, were shipped to death camps, such as Auschwitz.[39] During World War II, large parts of Berlin were destroyed in the 1943–45 air raids and during the Battle of Berlin. Around 125,000 civilians were killed.[40] After the end of the war in Europe in 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.[41]

     

The Berlin Wall in 1986, painted on the western side. People crossing the so-called "death strip" on the eastern side were at risk of being shot.

All four Allies shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.[42] In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany. West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but it politically was aligned with the Federal Republic of Germany despite West Berlin's geographic isolation. Airline service to West Berlin was granted only to American, British, and French airlines.

     

The fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989. On 3 October 1990, the German reunification process was formally finished.

The founding of the two German states increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move that was not recognized by the western powers. East Berlin included most of the historic center of the city. The West German government established itself in Bonn.[43] In 1961, East Germany began the building of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. John F. Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" – speech in 1963 underlining the US support for the Western part of the city. Berlin was completely divided. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass from one to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners travel to West Berlin or West Germany prohibited. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.[44]

 

In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. Today, the East Side Gallery preserves a large portion of the Wall. On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital. In 1991, the German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted to move the seat of the (West) German capital from Bonn to Berlin, which was completed in 1999. Berlin's 2001 administrative reform merged several districts. The number of boroughs was reduced from 23 to twelve. In 2006 the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin.

  

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin

  

Jewish Museum, Berlin

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Jump to: navigation, search

     

The Libeskind-designed Jewish Museum Berlin, to the left of the old Kollegienhaus (before 2005).

    

Outside of the Jewish Museum view

The Jewish Museum Berlin (Jüdisches Museum Berlin) is one of the largest Jewish Museums in Europe. In three buildings, two of which are new additions specifically built for the museum by architect Daniel Libeskind, two millennia of German-Jewish history are on display in the permanent exhibition as well as in various changing exhibitions. German-Jewish history is documented in the collections, the library and the archive, in the computer terminals at the museum's Rafael Roth Learning Center, and is reflected in the museum's program of events. The museum was opened in 2001 and is one of Berlin’s most frequented museums (almost 720,000 visitors in 2012).[1]

 

Opposite the building ensemble, the Academy of the Jewish Museum Berlin was built – also after a design by Libeskind – in 2011/2012 in the former flower market hall. The archives, library, museum education department, and a lecture hall can all be found in the academy.[2]

 

Princeton economist W. Michael Blumenthal, who was born in Oranienburg near Berlin and was later President Jimmy Carter's Secretary of the Treasury, has been the director of the museum since December 1997.[3]

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Museum,_Berlin

Newspaper piece about the opening of Clover Store in Westmont Plaza, Haddon Township NJ. This space was later a Super Fresh Food Market, then was Crystal Lake Thriftway.

blogged a bit about my recent article in FRANKIE magazine...

The article is on shooting with different toy cameras.

Covers all my favs.

LOMO, Holga, fisheye, polaroid sx-70 and a few other bits peices....

 

oh Frankie how i love thee! except when you put crap photo with my article!

 

www.youcantbeserious.com.au/blog/

The 2013 World Rowing Championships

 

The first Day of the 2013 Chungju World Rowing Championship

 

Team Korea

 

Tangeum Lake in Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do

 

2013.08.25.

 

Related Korea.net Article

-English-

World Rowing Championships kicks off in Chungju

www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=111745

 

-中文-

2013忠州世界赛艇锦标赛开幕

chinese.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=111726

 

- tiếng Việt-

Giải Vô địch Đua thuyền Thế giới khai mạc tại Chungju

vietnamese.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=111727

 

- Deutsch-

Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften in Chungju haben begonnen

german.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=111754

 

- 日本語 -

2013忠州世界ボート選手権大会、ローイング（Rowing)競技始まる

japanese.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=111725

 

- Russian -

В Чхунжду начинается Чемпионат мира по академической гребле

russian.korea.net/NewsFocus/Sports/view?articleId=111755

  

Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism

Korean Culture and Information Service

Korea.net(www.korea.net)

JEON HAN

 

------------------------------------

 

2013 충주세계조정선수권대회 첫날

 

출발을 기다리고 있는 한국 대표팀

 

충주 탄금호 국제조정경기장

 

-코리아넷 기사-

2013 충주세계조정선수권대회, “Rowing(로잉) 시작됐다”

www.kocis.go.kr/koreanet/view.do?seq=1949&page=1&...

 

문화체육관광부

해외문화홍보원

코리아넷

전한

 

A Text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Paragliding is a recreational and competitive flying sport. A paraglider is a free-flying, foot-launched aircraft. The pilot sits in a harness suspended below a fabric wing, whose shape is formed by the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing.

n 1954, Walter Neumark predicted (in an article in Flight magazine) a time when a glider pilot would be “able to launch himself by running over the edge of a cliff or down a slope … whether on a rock-climbing holiday in Skye or ski-ing in the Alps”.[1]

In 1961, the French engineer Pierre Lemoigne produced improved parachute designs which led to the Para-Commander (‘PC’), which had cut-outs at the rear and sides which enabled it to be towed into the air and steered – leading to parasailing/parascending.

Sometimes credited with the greatest development in parachutes since Leonardo da Vinci, the American Domina Jalbert invented in 1964 the Parafoil which had sectioned cells in an aerofoil shape; an open leading edge and a closed trailing edge, inflated by passage through the air – the ram-air design.[2]

Meanwhile, David Barish was developing the Sail Wing for recovery of NASA space capsules – “slope soaring was a way of testing out … the Sail Wing”.[3] After tests on Hunter Mountain, New York in September 1965, he went on to promote ‘slope soaring’ as a summer activity for ski resorts (apparently without great success).[4] NASA originated the term ‘paraglider’ in the early 1960’s, and ‘paragliding’ was first used in the early 1970’s to describe foot-launching of gliding parachutes.

Author Walter Neumark wrote Operating Procedures for Ascending Parachutes, and he and a group of enthusiasts with a passion for tow-launching ‘PCs’ and ram-air parachutes eventually broke away from the British Parachute Association to form the British Association of Parascending Clubs (BAPC) in 1973.

These threads were pulled together in June 1978 by three friends Jean-Claude Bétemps, André Bohn and Gérard Bosson from Mieussy Haute-Savoie, France. After inspiration from an article on ‘slope soaring’ in the Parachute Manual magazine by parachutist & publisher Dan Poynter,[5] they calculated that on a suitable slope, a ‘square’ ram-air parachute could be inflated by running down the slope; Bétemps launched from Pointe du Pertuiset, Mieussy, and flew 100 m. Bohn followed him and glided down to the football pitch in the valley 1000 metres below.[6] ‘Parapente’ (pente being French for slope) was born.

Through the 1980’s and since, it has been a story of constantly improving equipment and ever greater numbers of paragliding pilots. The first World Championship was held in Kössen, Austria in 1989.

he paraglider wing or canopy is known in aeronautical engineering as a ram-air airfoil, or parafoil. Such wings comprise two layers of fabric which are connected to internal supporting material in such a way as to form a row of cells. By leaving most of the cells open only at the leading edge, incoming air (ram-air pressure) keeps the wing inflated, thus maintaining its shape. When inflated, the wing's cross-section has the typical teardrop aerofoil shape.

The pilot is supported underneath the wing by a network of lines. The lines are gathered into two sets as left and right risers. The risers collect the lines in rows from front to back in either 3 or 4 rows. The risers are connected to the pilot's harness by two carabiners.

Paraglider wings typically have an area of 20-35 m² with a span of 8–12 m, and weigh 3–7 kg. Combined weight of wing, harness, reserve, instruments, helmet, etc. is around 12–18 kg.

The glide ratio of paragliders ranges from 8:1 for recreational wings, to about 11:1 for modern competition models. For comparison, a typical skydiving parachute will achieve about 3:1 glide. A hang glider will achieve about 15:1 glide. An idling (gliding) Cessna 152 will achieve 9:1. Some sailplanes can achieve a glide ratio of up to 60:1.

The speed range of paragliders is typically 20–50 km/h (12-30 mph), from stall speed to maximum speed. Beginner wings will be in the lower part of this range, high-performance wings in the upper part of the range. The range for safe flying will be somewhat smaller.

Modern paraglider wings are made of high-performance non-porous fabrics such as Porcher Sport & Gelvenor, with Dyneema/Spectra or Kevlar/Aramid lines.

For storage and carrying, the wing is usually folded into a rucksack (bag), which can then be stowed in a large backpack along with the harness. For pilots who may not want the added weight or fuss of a backpack, the harness itself can be used to carry the wing, though this is less comfortable, and thus less favorable for longer hikes. In this case the wing (within the rucksack) is buckled into the harness seat, which is then slung over the shoulders. Recent developments in light-weight harness design include the ability to turn the harness inside out such that it becomes the backpack, thus removing the need for a second storage system.

Tandem paragliders, designed to carry the pilot and one passenger, are larger but otherwise similar. They usually fly faster with higher trim speeds, are more resistant to collapse, and have a slightly higher sink rate compared to solo paragliders.

The pilot is loosely and comfortably buckled into a harness which offers support in both the standing and sitting positions. Modern harnesses are designed to be as comfortable as a lounge chair in the sitting position. Many harnesses even have an adjustable 'lumbar support'.

A reserve parachute is also typically connected to a paragliding harness.

Parachutes, including skydiving canopies, are generally used for descending, such as jumping out of an aircraft or for dropping cargo; while paragliders are generally used for ascending. Paragliders are categorized as "ascending parachutes" by canopy manufacturers worldwide, and are designed for "free flying" meaning flight without a tether (for tethered flight amusement, see parasailing). However, in areas without high launch points, paragliders may be towed aloft by a ground vehicle or a stationary winch, after which they are released, creating much the same effect as a mountain launch. Such tethered launches can give a paraglider pilot a higher starting point than many mountains do, offering similar opportunity to catch thermals and to remain airborne by "thermaling" and other forms of lift. As free flight, paragliding requires the significant skill and training required for aircraft control, including aeronautical theory, meteorological knowledge and forecasting, personal/emotional safety considerations, adherence to applicable Federal Aviation Regulations (US), and knowledge of equipment care and maintenance.

Most pilots use varios and radios when flying; some more advanced pilots also use GPS units.

Birds are highly sensitive to atmospheric pressure, and can tell when they are in rising or sinking air. People can sense the acceleration when they first hit a thermal, but cannot detect the difference between constant rising air and constant sinking air, so turn to technology to help.

A variometer indicates climb-rate (or sink-rate) with audio signals (beeps which increase in pitch and tempo as you accelerate upwards and a droning sound which gets deeper as your descent rate increases) and/or a visual display. It also shows altitude: either above takeoff, above sea level, or (at higher altitudes) "flight level".

The main purpose of a variometer is in helping a pilot find and stay in the "core" of a thermal to maximise height gain, and conversely indicating when he or she is in sinking air, and needs to find rising air.

The more advanced variometers have an integrated GPS. This is not only more convenient, but also allows to record the flight in three dimensions. The track of the flight is digitally signed, stored and can be downloaded after the landing. Digitally signed tracks can be used as proof for record claims, replacing the 'old' method of photo documentation.

Control:

Speedbar mechanism.

Brakes: Controls held in each of the pilot’s hands connect to the trailing edge of the left and right sides of the wing. These controls are called 'brakes' and provide the primary and most general means of control in a paraglider. The brakes are used to adjust speed, to steer (in addition to weight-shift), and flare (during landing).

Weight Shift: In addition to manipulating the brakes, a paraglider pilot must also lean in order to steer properly. Such 'weight-shifting' can also be used for more limited steering when brake use is unavailable, such as when under 'big ears' (see below). More advanced control techniques may also involve weight-shifting.

Speed Bar: A kind of foot control called the 'speed bar' (also 'accelerator') attaches to the paragliding harness and connects to the leading edge of the paraglider wing, usually through a system of at least two pulleys (see animation in margin). This control is used to increase speed, and does so by decreasing the wing's angle of attack. This control is necessary because the brakes can only slow the wing from what is called 'trim speed' (no brakes applied). The accelerator is needed to go faster than this.

More advanced means of control can be obtained by manipulating the paraglider's risers or lines directly:

* Most commonly, the lines connecting to the outermost points of the wing's leading edge can be used to induce the wingtips to fold under. The technique, known as 'big ears', is used to increase rate of descent (see picture).

* The risers connecting to the rear of the wing can also be manipulated for steering if the brakes have been severed or are otherwise unavailable.

* In a 'B-line stall', the second set of risers from the leading-edge/front is gently pulled down to put a crease in the upper surface of the wing. This destroys the laminar flow of air over the aerofoil, dramatically reducing the lift produced by the canopy, thus inducing a higher rate of descent.

 

Another text, in english, from the addrees www.alpsurf.com/paraglidinge.htm

Paraglider flies is the simplest type to regard the world from the bird perspective some steps a gently bent slope down and already overcome pilot and passenger the force of gravity and to float of it. Our professional pilots are extremely qualified and possess a special pilot banknote, which permits it to them to offer paraglider of passenger flights.

 

Texto, em português, do site "O radical", que pode ser visto no endereço: oradical.uol.com.br/parapente/ondepraticarparapente.asp

 

O parapente é um esporte que mistura toda a adrenalina com a tranqüilidade, em uma sintonia perfeita. É uma modalidade na qual o piloto e o parapente entram em total sintonia com a natureza.

A principal recomendação do paraglidingé respeitar todas as normas de segurança. Dessa maneira você poderá desfilar pelos ares sem a menor preocupação.

A história do esporte está diretamente relacionada com a conquista do espaço. É que os primeiros modelos de parapente foram confeccionados especialmente para as espaçonaves norte-americanas.

Hoje o esporte é praticado por mais de 100 mil pessoas em todo o mundo. O Brasil ocupa atualmente a 7ª colocação do ranking.

Existem escolas especializadas no parapente que oferecem toda a infra-estrutura necessária para quem quer iniciar no esporte.

Além do curso preparatório que é obrigatório, você terá acesso ao equipamento, entre outros.

Antes de comprar seu equipamento faça um salto em dupla com outro atleta. A partir daí, você vai descobrir se o parapente é seu esporte ou não.

O parapente foi desenvolvido inicialmente para a utilização das espaçonaves do Projeto Apolo, pela Nasa. O sucesso foi tão grande que logo a descoberta tomou conta da cabeça da população.

O equipamento de parapente apresenta algumas características diferentes dos outros esportes, sendo basicamente composto de quatro itens: o velame, o selete, o pára-quedas de emergência e o capacete. O velame constitui a maior parte do equipamento e, é dividido em três partes: a vela, a linha e os tirantes.

A vela é feita de um tipo de nylon especial e funciona como uma asa. Uma de suas características principais é a resistência e a deformação, ou seja, o tecido muda de forma, alterando as características originais do parapente.

O Selete funciona como um casulo e é onde o atleta fica durante o vôo. É importante que seja ajustada a cada piloto, pois seu conforto depende disso.

Para casos de emergência utiliza-se um para-quedas. Ele está acoplado o Selete e só é utilizado caso aconteça algo de muito grave.

Os melhores locais para a prática do parapente são as regiões com climas secos, pois o atleta poderá ter um maior aproveitamento das correntes de ar. As regiões litorâneas com montanhas ao redor também oferecem excelentes condições.

O estado de Minas Gerais, juntamente com São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro são os lugares que apresentam o maior desenvolvimento do esporte. A Serra da Mantiqueira, com sua variedade de picos é o local ideal para todo aventureiro.

Article complet à lire sur : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.fr/2016/06/eurosatory-2016-l...

On July 29th, Veterans for Peace-111 and the Whatcom Peace and Justice Center brought anti-war activist Cindy Sheehan to Bellingham. I attended her talk, and sat down for a private interview with her a few days later.

 

I wrote the following article on the talk and our interview. It appeared in abridged form in the August 12th, 2009 issue of Bellingham's 'Cascadia Weekly.'

 

Read the full article below or check out Cascadia's version here:

 

www.cascadiaweekly.com/cw?/content/articles/cindy_sheehan...

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Cindy Sheehan Wages A War on War

By Alexander Kelly

 

Cindy Sheehan knows the sufferings of a mother.

 

For more than two centuries, millions of mothers have watched their children leave home to serve in the United States military. Like Casey, Sheehan’s son, they were recruited, trained and shipped in the thousands near and abroad to serve some known or obscured U.S. interest.

 

In our culture, we expect the mothers of these soldiers to feel proud of their children’s service and show unwavering support for the fulfillment of their duty. While a large number of them do, pride is hardly alone among the emotions dominating their hearts. Fear, anxiety and helplessness also grip them. For Cindy Sheehan, it was enough to keep her up at night.

 

Cindy is the mother of Spc. Casey Sheehan, an American soldier who served in the Iraq War. On April 4th, 2004, Cindy’s worst nightmare came true. While watching television that evening, CNN reported that Casey and seven others had been killed during an effort to rescue American troops. Casey’s death led his mother on a mission to understand what motives brought us to the war in Iraq, what is keeping us there, and a realization of the deep meaning of her son’s service and sacrifice. She became a warrior against war and an advocate for a peaceful U.S. foreign policy.

 

Five years and three months later, American forces still occupy Iraq, and Cindy Sheehan still hasn’t given up. Late last month, Veterans for Peace Chapter 111 and the Whatcom Peace and Justice Center’s Executive Director, Marie Marchand, brought Sheehan to Bellingham. On a hot July day, 200 people came to hear her speak at Christ the Servant Lutheran Church.

 

The evening marked the final stop of a four-month tour. Last April, Cindy set off to promote the message of her latest book, Myth America: 10 Greatest Myths of the Robber Class and the Case for Revolution. The result of four years of tireless activism, Myth America represents Cindy’s effort to identify and plainly convey ten established premises that allow American imperialism to persist unchallenged. Our culture’s blind acceptance of these myths killed her son, Sheehan says, and if we fail to expose and do away with them, untold more American youths will be lost to an early and unnecessary death.

 

Prior to the loss of her son, Sheehan was not an anti-war activist. After Casey was killed, she began speaking out against the war, but didn’t become the focus of national media attention until she sought to confront George Bush himself. Sheehan recalls the exact moment.

 

Unable to sleep, she was sitting at her computer at three in the morning on August 3rd, 2005. While sharing her grief via email to a list of 300 supporters, the voice of the man who killed her son came over the radio. “I want to tell you his exact words,” Sheehan told the Bellingham audience. “’The families of the fallen can rest assured their loved ones died for a noble cause.’”

 

Bush’s statement came three months after the Downing Street Memo was leaked to the British media. Practically ignored by mainstream American press, the document contained the details of a discussion between senior officials of the British government. Included was a statement made by Richard Dearlove, then the head of Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service. Dearlove related Bush’s intent to justify an American invasion of Iraq on the basis of unconfirmed intelligence regarding possession of nuclear weapons and ties to terrorist groups. Foreign Secretary Jack Straw confirmed the president had already decided to take military action, but making a legal case for the invasion was difficult.

 

With full knowledge of the memo, Bush’s comment devastated Sheehan. “Not only were they [Casey and the others] tragically killed, but George Bush came on and said they died for a noble cause,” she typed to her readers.

 

When the press failed to inquire exactly what the soldiers died for, Cindy decided it was her turn to ask questions. “The press didn’t ask him what was the noble cause,” she continued typing. “What’s wrong with me? I have a voice.” Three days and 1800 miles later, Sheehan found herself setting up camp along with six others in Crawford, TX, three miles away from George Bush’s vacation ranch.

 

Sheehan’s modest protest exploded into the most publicized anti-war demonstration the country had seen since the beginning of the Iraq war. Cindy admits she didn’t expect Camp Casey to become so significant. The protest drew international media attention, attracting 15,000 Americans during its 26 days, and for a brief moment, succeeded in uniting America’s anti-war movement.

 

Though Bush brought his vacation in Crawford to an early end without answering her questions, Cindy knows why her son was sacrificed in Iraq. In an interview with Veterans for Peace, she asked, “Was it freedom and democracy? Bullshit! He died for oil. He died to make your friends richer. He died to expand American imperialism in the Middle East.”

 

Sheehan was pleased with the national discussion Camp Casey stirred up, but it did not bring peace in Iraq. It also failed to move in the direction Sheehan began to hope for. Cindy intended to rally the country to bring an end to the Iraq war. Instead, she felt the movement was taken advantage of by political opportunists.

 

“Unfortunately, I believe that the energy of the movement, the Camp Casey and the anti-war movement, was co-opted and misused by democrats and organizations that support democrats,” she declared.

 

Before Camp Casey, Sheehan worked with Progressive Democrats of America. Over time, she began to sense they were using the anti-war movement for their own benefit. After Casey’s death, when John Kerry ran for president in 2004, Sheehan held her nose while she gave him her vote, knowing well enough that he was not an anti-war candidate.

 

Her faith in the Democratic Party suffered another blow when Kerry conceded to the suspicious voting outcome in Ohio. She recalls the hopeless situation of the Green and Libertarian candidates demanding a recount themselves. “They had no hope of coming out on top, but they thought that with a democracy, every vote should count,” she explains.

 

Eventually, Sheehan began speaking out against Democrats who did not support a platform focused on ending the Iraq war.

 

After countless beatings from the left in the media and on liberal blogs, in 2007, Cindy left the Democratic Party. When the results of the 2008 Presidential election were in, Cindy was surprised at the flood of congratulatory emails and phone calls she received. The show of support made her feel misunderstood.

 

Cindy lamented, “I never did this to get democrats elected. I did it to end the occupations and now those haven’t ended, and the fact that they’re getting worse is very frustrating to me. Many people have fallen back to sleep thinking that a regime change means anything different is going to happen.”

 

The realization that a Democratic candidate does not equal an anti-war candidate occurred slowly in Sheehan over the last few years. In her newest book she argues against the conventional lines that divide our society. The divisions between race, religion, geography and two-party politics, are illusions, Sheehan writes. They serve the elite by having the convenient effect of distracting us from the only division that really matters.

 

“The only relevant division in this country is the class division. All other divisions are artificial and imposed upon us by the robber class to divide and conquer,” Cindy says. “We in the robbed class have way more in common with each other than we do that separates us.”

 

“It’s not about the person in charge,” Sheehan says. “It’s not about Republicans, its not about Democrats, it’s not about George Bush, it’s not about Barack Obama. It’s the system that we battle against. So if we change regimes, it doesn’t mean that we stop.”

 

Wall Street, the corporate media, the current form of U.S. Government. Sheehan tells the audience that all of these are part of the robber class. They exist to make a profit, Sheehan says, no matter the cost to the rest of us. Whether they admit it or not, they would sooner send the rest of us to our deaths than give up an opportunity for profit. “After Casey was killed, I used to think that profit was a consequence of war,” Cindy confesses. “But now I know it’s a reason for war. It doesn’t really matter if Goldman Sachs candidate A wins or Goldman Sachs candidate B wins.”

 

Sheehan’s revolution is not a violent one. She wants to free us from the oppressive grip of the Robber Class. She asks people to focus on their local communities. “That’s where we have the greatest success,” she pleads. With half-closed fists, she invokes the old adage, ‘Think Globally. Act Locally.” Major positive change never occurs from the top down in this country, she says. “It only happens in a grass roots movement that pulls the Robber Class to us.”

 

Before the talk began, Cindy announced that the following day, she would return home to exercise and devote herself to her children and grandchildren. She will also continue to produce her radio show, Cindy Sheehan’s Soapbox, and focus her efforts on a new set of myths, tentatively titled Myth America 2. Apparently, Cindy Sheehan does not surrender.

 

-------

 

Epilogue

  

The talk began shortly after 7 P.M. I arrived at 6:15 with my friend Chris Crow, who photographed the event. For thirty minutes, we canvassed the church, guessing at the light and looking for the best angles for photographs of the talk. At around 6:30, Katelyn showed up, followed by three good activist friends of mine.

 

A few minutes before Cindy was introduced, I fiddled in my chair, joining a discussion of nonsense and commenting on the crowd of ‘usual suspects’ that regularly gathers for ‘peace’ events. After a few moments, Cindy appeared.

 

She is a blonde woman, of slightly taller-than-average height and is smiling as she enters the room. The crowd applauds and smiles back. She walks not with airs of importance or distinction, but as a simple woman ready to tell the story about the death of her son; the moment that changed her life.

 

As she speaks, she doesn’t bother with note cards, and she is unafraid to embark on the occasional meandering tangent. Though she has done this numerous times, there is something authentic, seemingly unrehearsed about this. She has acquired more than her share of anecdotes over her last four years of dealing with media, politicians and groups like ours.

 

As the talk comes to a close, the audience rises for applause. At that moment, there is a sense of adoration among the crowd. It was as if we were all waiting for her to finish talking in order to shower her with our support. Seated in the front row, I risk a glance behind me, and for a moment, even in the July heat, I feel a brief chill. Quickly, I count the number of people in the crowd under the age of 30.

 

Ten or so, it seems.

 

In a community of 75,000, known nationwide for its progressive politics, literally a handful of young adults came to hear a peace activist speak. As I recall Casey Sheehan’s final age, just weeks away from 25, I become terrified by what I see. Or what I do not see.

 

In a culture where powerful forces, in all media, work to seduce our sons and daughters into believing it is honorable to fight and die for whatever reasons our leaders allege, how can we hope to reach the audience who needs it most? If my generation is not available to hear the message, how may we hope to save our country from the devastating consequences of the decisions made by its unscrupulous leaders?

 

I cannot help but wonder – did Casey Sheehan ever hear someone with his mother’s conviction speak?

 

I did.

 

###

Grandad on the cover of The Alexandria Journal, in honor of 50th Anniversary of D-Day. About halfway down the article text you can read some very personal stuff about his specific actions on D-Day, including his chilling quote, "In war, they don't scream like they normally would. They scream for their mothers."

 

PHOTO CAPTION: "Former United Press correspondent Doug Werner, left, dodged heavy fire while unarmed and carrying a typewriter. James L[REDACTED], below, swam to shore after more than a third of his unit was killed leaving the boat."

 

FULL ARTICLE TEXT:

 

"Fifty Years Ago, on June 6, 1944, the allies attacked a continent enchained by a forced of evil that historians today still struggle to understand. Nazi Germany had plundered civilized Europe and murdered millions of its peoples for nearly five yeras. The invasion launched early on that June day sought to put an end toall that and restore peace to what was left of a continent. From sites in southern England the Allies crossed the English Channel in the greatest amphibious invasion in history. On D-Day, soldiers--supported by air and naval forces--begin the long, bloody fight to free Europe and the world from the Nazis. The war in Europe did not end on D-Day, far from it. But it marked the beginning of the closing chapter of the most destructive war in history.

 

[COLUMN CUT OFF, SO THIS PART IS FRAGMENTS]

 

future wife, Ronni [sic; my grandma], from a

camp.

,000 others like them endured

es the rough English Channel

so lethal that even the most

surprised.

rt, we were oversold," said

from his [my grandad] home in Alexandria.

were members of the 16th

1st Infantry Division, which

Sicily in 1943 and in Algeria

were prepared to meet the

ere.

and the 29th Infantry divi-

irst wave onto Omaha Beach

ia National Guard, were met

resistance than anyone had

 

had been on tactical drills in

ng days were already along the

beach, positions to fire on the

rs and prevent reconnaissance

 

s came to U.S. Army Rangers

ross the beach and climb the

o big guns positioned to the fire

 

t the beach,they got the evil

[Grandad] said.

Casualties, the Rangers eventu-

f the cliffs only to find that the

aken the guns down.

they and other units encoun-

re trapped among defensive

to have been cleared from the

 

[DONE WITH CUT OFF COLUMN, BACK TO NORMAL]

 

it," said Finke, whose father had come to the United States to learn the cotton business, was born in Mississippi but grew up in Germany. He returned to the United States in his teens and joined the U.S. Army.

 

Although his cousin was a major general in the German army, Finke said there was no question of loyalty to the Allies.

 

"As far as I was concerned, I was fighting for the U.S. and their cause. I hated Hitler. I detested him. I just kept quiet how I felt. There was no sense in starting a family feud," Finke said.

 

Although his father never left Germany and died be3fore his son fought in World War II, Fike said he would have been pleased that he fought for the Allies.

 

As commander of the 16th Infantry's F Company, Finke hid the fact that he had fractured his ankle days before the invasion, and he boarded the ship with his troops.

 

At 33, Finke was at least 10 years older than most of the soldiers, who saw him more as a father figure than a commanding officer.

 

For Finke, that underscored his responsibility to his troops on D-Day -- the day they would need him most.

 

"We just kept quiet about it," he said of his ankle. "nNo one wanted me to not be there. If I hadn't come, that company wouldn't have functioned very well. If I hadn't have gone, they would have felt betrayed."

 

Sitting in his home recently at The Fairfax retirement community at Fort Belvoir, Finke recalled with emotion a major who avoided D-Day with claims of a back injury.

 

[BACK TO STUFF ABOUT MY GRANDAD, NEXT COLUMN]

 

"to avoid the gunfire, the navy r____ and mistakenly dropped the ramp into the ocean. Thirty-five of the 102 men on board were killed just getting off the boat, [Grandad] said.

 

"People went in all directions," he said. "They were jumping in water clear up to their necks with 109 pounds on their backs, going this way and thatt to avoid fire."

 

When he saw what was happening, [Grandad] and three others jumped off the side of the boat into the ocean.

 

All around them the water turned red from the dead soldiers, some of whom served as cover for the living. The wounded, some with limbs torn off, lay next to them, screaming for help.

 

In war, [Grandad] said, "They don't scream like they normally would. They scream for their mothers."

 

Looking back out to sea, the soldiers could see other disasters. A battalion with 16 Double Dry tanks struggled with floatation devices and padded propellers that wouldn't hold up in the choppy water.

 

"Look at the tanks out there! Look at what the 735th is doing!" [Grandad] recalled the soldiers yelling. "All 16 sunk to the bottom. We knew all of them."

 

With fire spitting all around them, [Grandad] and the other three made their way to the beach, taking cover behind sand dunes to catch their breath.

 

From behind a dune being battered on both ends, [Grandad] directed the men to go single-file over the top. After several minutes, [Grandad] made his way over the dune. When he got to the other side, he found the three men lying dead in front of him.

 

As he climbed the dune, machine gun fire tore ... [Please see D-DAY, A9]

 

Damn I want to know what happened next!

 

James.

Alexandria Journal, newspaper article.

from Dad.

 

Normandy, Nanny and Grandad's house, Alexandria, Virginia, France.

 

June 3, 1994.

  

... Read my blog at ClintJCL.wordpress.com

  

James Bernard L, my grandfather (dad's dad). Born 2/18/1922 in Fairmont, WV. Died 12/18/2001 in Arlington, VA.

Son of James and Minnie

Husband of Maria Clara ("Ronnie")

Father of Victor (dad)

Brother of Arnold Ray, Lena May and Charles

James Bernard L was a long-serving member of the 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division, and its Association. He joined the National Guard in 1936, then the 16th Infantry in 1940 at Fort Jay, New York. In the Allied landings in Africa in November, 1942, he was the Regimental Sergeant Major. He fought in Sicily and later, in the Normandy Invasion, as a Warrant Officer under General Omar Bradley. He continued with the 16th Infantry through France, the Battle of the Bulge, Germany and Czechoslovakia, earning a Silver Star.

After the war, he served at Fort Knox, Kentucky, the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon, Fort Shafter, Hawaii, Ft. Sam Houstin in San Antonio, TX, and the Adjutant Generals School, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, where he retired in 1960 as a CWO-4.

James then became one of the strongest supporters of the Regimental Association, writing many articles and booklets produced by the Association, and was a contributor, editor, and participant in the production of the recent volume of the regiment's history, "Blood and Sacrifice."

James was also an avid flag collector and member of NAVA, and a longtime philatelist.

 

Ronnie L, born Maria Clara Rechen, is Clint's grandmother (dad's mom). Born 10/25/1918 in Lvov, Poland. Died 11/13/2003 in Alexandria, VA.

Daughter of Jozefa and Jacob, she was the only survivor of the holocaust in her family. She was liberated from a work camp by Clint's grandfather (James Bernard L.), who stormed Normandy 20 minutes into the D-Day invasion.

Headstone in the Churchyard of St Peter, Kimberley

 

John

Third Earl of Kimberley

C.B.E MC

Born November 11 1885

Killed by Enemy Action

April 16 1941

 

From his Wikipedia article.

 

John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley, CBE, MC (11 November 1883 – 16 April 1941), styled Lord Wodehouse from 1902 to 1932, was a British peer and Liberal politician. He was a champion polo player.

 

Wodehouse was the eldest son of John Wodehouse, 2nd Earl of Kimberley. He attended Eton College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. At Cambridge, he was a committee member of the University Pitt Club. He started playing polo at university, where he was a member of the Light Blue team. He later played for the Old Cantabs team. He holds the unique distinction of being the only person to win a Gold Medal at the Olympics in 1920 and a Silver Medal in 1908, both for polo.

 

Political career and military service

 

Wodehouse was Member of Parliament for Mid Norfolk between the General Elections of 1906 and January 1910. Aged 22 years and 2 months at election, throughout his service he was Baby of the House of Commons. In the former year he became JP for the county of Norfolk.

 

Lord Wodehouse was commissioned a Lieutenant in the Norfolk Yeomanry in 1911 and served with them until the beginning of the First World War in 1914. He served as a Captain in the 16th Lancers during the war, when he was wounded and twice mentioned in despatches. He was at the Western Front in France from 1914 to 1917, and on the Italian Front during 1917-18. He won the MC in the latter year, and also received the Italian War Merit Cross. From 1921 to 1933 he was on the Reserve of Officers.

 

From outside Parliament he served as unpaid Assistant Private Secretary to the Colonial Secretary, then Winston Churchill, in 1921-22, and was awarded the CBE in 1925.

He succeeded in his father's titles in 1932, enabling him to sit in the House of Lords.

 

Family

 

Lord Kimberley married the twice-divorced Frances Margaret Montagu, daughter of Leonard Irby, on 5 May 1922.

 

In April 1941, aged fifty-seven, he was killed in The Blitz at 48 Jermyn Street, Westminster, London, and was succeeded by his only child, John.

 

It is also said (Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable) that his kinsman P. G. Wodehouse based the character of Bertie Wooster on him.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_3rd_Earl_of_Kimberley

 

A painting of him on a Polo Pony by Alfred Munnings can be seen here

uk.pinterest.com/pin/216665432047732806/

And a photograph of him and the rest of the 1908 polo team

thelionandunicorn.wordpress.com/2016/08/12/obscure-olympi...

 

Although he was 36 years old, Jack Wodehouse was the youngest member of the British team which won the gold medals in the 1920 polo tournament, held at Ostend, After leaving Eton, Lord Wodehouse went up to Trinity Hall, Cambridge and after being on the losing side in the polo match against Oxford in 1903 then captained the winning Cambridge team for the next two years. He was a Liberal Member of Parliament for Mid-Norfolk from 1906 to 1910 and it was during his period in the House that he won an Olympic silver medal with the Hurlingham team at the 1908 Olympics. He also played in three Westchester Cup matches and was a member of the old Cantab’s team which won the Champion Cup six times between 1908 and 1914. In the 1914-18 War, Lord Wodehouse served with the 16th Lancers, winning the Military Cross, the Croix de Guerre and the Italian War Cross. After the war, he was assistant private secretary to the Colonial Secretary, Winston Churchill, and was awarded the CBE in 1925. He succeeded his father to the Earldom in 1932 and in 1941, while paying one of his rare visits to London from his Norfolk estates, he was killed in an air raid.

www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/wo/jack-lord-w...

 

1883 – Birth

 

The birth of a John Wodehouse was recorded in the Smallburgh District of Norfolk in the October to December quarter, (Q4), of 1883.

 

1891 Census of England and Wales

 

The 7 year old John, born Witton, North Walsham, Norfolk, was recorded living at The Hall, Witton. This was the household of his parents, John, Lord Wodehouse, (aged 42 and living on own means from Marylebone, London) and Isabel G, (aged 37 and from Brighton, Sussex). As well as John their other children are:-

Phillip….aged 4……born Witton

Isabel…..aged 2……born Witton

As well as two visitor from Australia, there are 9 live in servants and a governess.

 

1901 Census of England and Wales

 

The 17 year John Wodehouse from Walsham, Norfolk, was recorded living in one of the Houses that make up Eton College. His head of house was Thomas C Porter, a married Science Teacher.

 

It would appear this was the house known as The Hopgarden.

collections.etoncollege.com/coll-le-0104

www.etoncollege.com/Hopgarden.aspx

 

His parents were still living at Witton Hall. Living with them are daughter Isabel, (12) and son Edward, (2, born Witton). As well as a visitor and a Governess, there are 10 live in servants.

 

1911 Census of England and Wales

 

The 27 year old Lord Wodehouse, from Witton, Norfolk was recorded as a guest of Hugh Gurney Barclay, a Bank Director, at Colney Hall, Colney, Norfolk. He was staying there along with his father, the Earl of Kimberley. Lord Wodehouse was then still single.

 

Great War years

 

The award of John’s Military Cross was gazetted in the Supplement to the London Gazette dated 3rd June 1918.

www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30718/supplement/6495/d...

 

Postscript

 

Headshot can be seen here

geneall.net/en/name/548695/john-wodehouse-3rd-earl-of-kim...

and here

www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw59135/John-W...

www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw59137/John-W...

(On the latter site these are stated to have been taken on the 18th February 1920)

 

1922 Marriage

 

The marriage of a John Wodehouse to a Frances M Montagu, previously Crofton nee Irby, was registered in the St George Hanover Square District of London in the April to June quarter, (Q2), of 1922.

 

New York Times

 

Lord Wodehouse weds Mrs Frances Montagu

 

Bride of Polo Player and ex-Member of Parliament Had Been Married Twice Before.

 

London, May 5 – Lord Wodehouse, member of the English polo team which played against America last Summer, was married today at the Registry Office to Mrs. Frances Montagu. The bride, who is descended from the second Lord Boston, has been married twice before – to Sir Morgan George Croften, Bart., and to James Fountayne Montagu. She divorced the latter last year.

 

Only a number of relatives were present at the ceremony.

 

Lord Wodehouse was a member of the British polo team that played in the international match at Meadow Brook in 1918. He is the scion of a family which has always been renowned for its radicalism. For four years he was Radical member of Parliament for one of the divisions of his native county of Norfolk.

 

The ancestral home of the Wodehouses, Kimberley House, is an ancient place, with towers at the angles, built some four centuries ago. Among the many historical treasures in the house is the bedroom furniture used by Queen Elizabeth during her several stays there. Lord Kimberley also has extensive estates in Devonshire and Cornwall.

query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9805E...

freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cbye/brandling...

  

This picture is captioned Winston Churchill and Lord Wodehouse departing for Paris, 1925.

l7.alamy.com/zooms/fc5f34d107f24966b4991235df0fec90/winst...

 

From his sons obituary

 

John Wodehouse was born on May 12 1924. His father, the 3rd Earl, was a well-known polo player and former MP who had won an MC on the Marne. His kinsman, P G Wodehouse, stood godfather to young Johnny.

 

Both of Johnny's parents had an eye for the opposite sex. His mother had already been twice married, and Johnny was her third child. He had a rather lonely childhood, spending large parts of his school holidays on his own with his nanny at Kimberley, which had been visited in 1578 by Elizabeth I.

www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1395628/The-Earl-of-K...

 

WW2

 

His entry on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission database records him as dying on the 17th April 1941.

www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/3123857/WODEHOUSE,%20...

 

On 17 April 1941, a Luftwaffe parachute mine exploded on Jermyn Street at around 3.10am. The damage was atrocious. The Hammam Turkish Baths (1862) at 76 Jermyn Street and No 50 Jermyn Street were both completely destroyed. Nos 77-79 Jermyn Street were severely damaged. Other premises to suffer included Fortnum & Mason, the Cavendish Hotel, Dunhill's and the southern end of Piccadilly Arcade.

 

By 3.16am the number of casualties was still unclear at the Westminster Report Centre. However, many requests for ambulances came from Jermyn Street, Duke Street St James's, Piccadilly and St James's Street. At 3.24am, a request for an ambulance was sent from the Devonshire Club, a gentlemen's club on St James's Street, stating that there were two women injured by blast. About the same time, at the Ritz Hotel, not far from Jermyn Street, the assistant manager reported an injured man. At 4.37am, another four casualties were found at 16 Bury Street. Jermyn Street and Duke Street St James's were reported blocked by debris at around 5.28am. A similar report at 9am noted that St James's Street was also blocked.

 

At 6am local residents requested a rescue team to help people who were trapped under the buildings. Mortuary vans went in and out of Jermyn Street. At 6.32am residents in Duke Street St James's and Piccadilly requested a mortuary van for five bodies. Around 10.20am, at the Unicorn Public House on Jermyn Street, a resident requested a mortuary van to collect two bodies.

 

While the mortuary vans and ambulances were assisting the casualties, more problems arrived. At 3.35pm the water-main in Jermyn Street and Duke Street St James's stopped working. A fire broke out in 48 Jermyn Street at 5pm. The fire soon spread to Jermyn Street, King's Street, Bury Street, and Duke Street St James's. The whole area up to Piccadilly was now threatened. Because the fires were so widespread, the fire service faced being overwhelmed. Two hours after the first report of fire, additional pumps were sent to the Jermyn Street area and finally brought the fires under control.

 

In this bomb incident 23 people were injured and 7 were killed. One of the fatalities was the popular 1930s singer Al Bowlly. Different stories are told about his death. The most popular version suggests that on 16 April 1941, the night before the incident, Al Bowlly was performing at the Rex Cinema in Oxford Street. Although he was offered an overnight stay in Oxford Street he insisted on going back to his flat at 32 Dukes Court (at the corner of Duke Street St James's and Jermyn Street). After he got back to Dukes Court, the parachute mine detonated outside. His bedroom door was reputedly blown off from its hinge by the blast, hitting his head. The impact was fatal.

(The article also has then and now pictures of Jermyn Street)

www.westendatwar.org.uk/page_id__236_path__0p28p.aspx

 

LINK to another version of this photo used in a Vancouver newspaper - 28 July 1908 - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-l...

 

LINK to another version of this photo with all players identified - (Vancouver Province newspaper - 22 July 1908) - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-the-minto-cup-cha...

 

LINK to another version of this photo (11 July 1908) - New Westminster Lacrosse Champions Leave for the Trip East - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-l...

 

LINK to - Record of Players of the New Westminster Lacrosse Team - www.newspapers.com/article/the-victoria-daily-times-recor...

 

Postcard photograph of the 1908 Minto Cup champions, the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse Club. C. Spring, C. Galbraith, W. Turnbull, J. Bryson, T. Gifford (Captain), A Turnbull, L. Turnbull, J. Gifford, C.A. Welsh (Business manager), C.D. Peele (team manager), A.B. Gray, T. Rennie, C.P. Latham, J. Feeney, I Wintemute, G. Rennie.

 

Alexander / Alex Baird "Sandy" Gray, goal-keeper, 23 years, 148 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior lacrosse in 1901. A stalwart wall in goal for the New Westminster Salmonbellies at the start of their Minto Cup championship run, Alex ‘Sandy’ Gray was the best goalie on the Coast during the four seasons (1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911) in which he played professional lacrosse for the Salmonbellies. LINK - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2014/01/25/alex-sandy-gray/

 

(b. 24 June 1884 in Wellington, Nanaimo Regional District, British Columbia or New Westminster, B.C. - d. 28 June 1966 at age 82 in New Westminster, B.C.) - Outside of lacrosse, ‘Sandy’ Gray worked for 34 years as the provincial government agent at the New Westminster courthouse until his retirement in 1949. LINK to his death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/e3... - LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/97005883/alexander-baird-gray LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/nanaimo-daily-news-obituary-fo...

 

Charley Galbraith, point, 26 years, 170 pounds; came to New Westminster in youth and has been in senior company since 1905.

 

Charles "Charlie / Charley" Galbraith

(b. August 28, 1881 in Belledune, Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada – d. November 10, 1924 at age 43 in Langley, Greater Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada) - he played for the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse team (1905-1911). LINK to his life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2016/04/03/charlie-galbra... LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/143533925/charles-galbraith

 

LINK to his newspaper obituary - Charles "Charlie" Galbraith Obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-charles-char...

 

Thomas "Tommy" Gifford, cover point (captain), 28 years, 188 pounds; has been playing senior since 1898; went east on both former trips made by team in 1900 and 1902. LINK to his life story - www.clhof.org/index.php/en/about/in-the-news/news/28-old-...

 

Thomas Stoddart Gifford

(b. 5 June 1880 in Lockerbie, Scotland - d. 4 May 1966 at age 85 in Seattle, Washington) - HOF lacrosse player - he played for the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse team (1898-1912). LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-thom...

 

James "Jimmy" Stoddart Gifford, first defence, 21 years, 150 pounds; playing senior since 1905. By the time the professional game came along in 1909, Gifford had already earnt the reputation for being one of the hardest and toughest players to take to the field. During the professional era his heated rivalry with ‘Newsy’ Lalonde of the Vancouver Lacrosse Club was legendary, nasty, and relentless. Even in old age Gifford continued to hold a grudge and could not bear being in the presence of Lalonde – even refusing to attend his hall-of-fame induction because Lalonde would also be there receiving the same honour, over 50 years passing since their last bloody battles had been fought. LINK - laxhall.com/2023/09/jimmy-gifford/

 

James "Jimmy" Stoddart Gifford

(b. 26 September 1886 in Scotland or St. Paul, Minnesota - d. 9 November 1976 at age 90 in New Westminster, B.C.) - he played with the New Westminster Salmonbellies Lacrosse Club from 1905 to 1912. LINK to his life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2015/09/20/jimmy-gifford/ LINK to his death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/b5...

 

LINK to - James "Jimmy" Stoddart Gifford - Field Lacrosse Great Dies in Royal City - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-james-jimmy-... - and LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-jame...

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

George Rennie, second defence, 26 years, 160 pounds; playing senior since 1901; went east on one former trip made by team.

 

Biography - In 26 years as a lacrosse player with the New Westminster Salmonbellies, New Brunswick - born George Rennie won five national championships and was selected to help represent Canada at the 1908 Summer Olympics. There he earned a gold medal with his team after it won its only match against Great Britain 14-10. He served in World War I, which interrupted his tenure with the Salmonbellies that had begun in 1901, but returned to the club after the conflict. He later served as an officer with the Royal City Adanacs lacrosse club and was inducted into the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame as a charter member in 1966. LINK - www.olympedia.org/athletes/17802

 

George Haddow Rennie

(b. 10 March 1882 in Newcastle, New Brunswick, Canada - d. 13 December 1966 at age 84 in New Westminster, British Columbia) LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for... - LINK to his death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/6b...

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tom Rennie, third defence, 24 years, 160 pounds; commenced playing senior in 1902; went east with old lacrosse team as reserve man In 1902.

 

James (Pat) Feeney, centre, 22 years, 145 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior in 1904.

 

W. Turnbull, third home, 22 years, 165 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior in 1906.

 

Irving "Punk" Wintemute, second home, 22 years. 150 pounds; born in New Westminster and commenced playing senior in 1905.

 

(b. February 24, 1886 – d. March 28, 1937)

New Westminster Salmonbellies (1905-1915; 1919)

 

‘Punk’ Wintemute was a member of the 1908 Minto Cup team that went East to pry the silver mug from the Montréal Shamrocks. He would then go on to play eight seasons at the professional level for the New Westminster Salmonbellies. LINK to his complete life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2015/09/07/irving-punk-wi...

 

Alexander Turnbull, first home, age unknown, 160 pounds; got into the game about 44 (estimated) years ago; has been with New Westminster team since 1897.

 

Len Turnbull, outside home, 148 pounds, 19 years; born in New Westminster, and commenced playing senior in 1906.

 

Jack Bryson, inside home, 160 pounds, 21 years; born in New Westminster, and commenced playing senior in 1903.

 

C. P. Latham, spare man, 160 pounds, 24 years of age; commenced playing senior in 1902.

 

C. Spring, spare man, 166 pounds, 19 years; first played senior last year.

 

With the exception of Alex. Turnbull every man on the team learned the game in New Westminster.

 

John "Jack" Gifford - Team mascot - Jack Gifford, of Famous Lacrosse Family - Jack, who Is the youngest of the famous Gifford family of lacrosse players, has never taken the interest in the game that his elder brothers did in years past. He has played indifferently and the opportunity to get away from the moll and turmoil of coast lacrosse proved too much for him and he seized with avidity the opening offered.

 

John Jardine Gifford

(b. 25 November 1895 in New Westminster, B.C. – d. 5 August 1974 at age 80 in New Westminster, B.C.) LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/159549161/john-jardine-gifford LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for...

 

LINK to his life story - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/2024/02/27/jack-gifford/

 

LINK to - Jack Gifford in Munition Corps - www.newspapers.com/article/vancouver-daily-world-jack-gif... LINK to his WWI records - recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Home/Record...

 

C. D. "Biscuits" Peele, the team manager, who will have charge of the aggregation on the eastern tour, commenced in senior ranks and was one of the team which made the eastern tour In 1895. He also played with the 1900 and 1902 teams In the east. He was born here 34 years ago, and has been identified with the game since he was big enough to play. In fact, the Peele family were once known as "the lacrosse family," there being four Peele boys in lacrosse ranks at one time. C. D. Peele left the team in 1905.

 

Clarence Dale Peele

(b. 28 June 1874 in New Westminster, B.C. - d. 31 October 1933 at age 59 In New Westminster, British Columbia) - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for...

 

Charles Almeron Welsh, the business manager who will 'accompany the team,' has never played lacrosse, but, during his residence in this city, has always followed and been closely associated with the sport. He was president of the club for two years.

 

Charles was a member of the Harbour Board, and the Royal Agricultural and Industrial Society, the Board of Trade, the City Council and the Police Commission. He was a staunch conservative who ran unsuccessfully against A. Wells Gray in 1927. Fraternally, he was a Mason, a member of King Solomon Lodge, and was a past potentate and honourary life delegate of the Shrine, Gizeh Temple. He was also a member of the local Kiwanis Club. Charles Welsh was a sportsman with membership in the Vancouver Golf and country Club. His main sporting interest was however in lacrosse, where he was on the Board of B.C. Lacrosse Association, was a trustee of the Minto Cup, and was involved with the New Westminster Salmonbellies for many years, with his highlight coming as manager in 1908 when his team won the Minto Cup.

 

The first Postmaster at New Westminster Sub Office No. 2 was Charles Almeron Welsh from the opening - 1 September 1912 to 9 April 1935. This Sub Office was located in his Grocery Store on 1117 Sixth Ave in New Westminster, B.C.

 

Charles Almeron Welsh

(b. 17 February 1866 in Midland City, Michigan, USA - d. 25 February 1938 at age 72 in New Westminster, B.C.) - LINK to his newspaper obituary - spokesman.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun/106049... LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/77856566/charles-almeron-welsh

 

Rev. Dr. James Sutherland Henderson - President of the New Westminster Lacrosse team.

(b. 11 June 1858 in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada - d. 18 March 1940 at age 81 in Vancouver, British Columbia) - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-rev-...

 

In 1903, Rev. J.S. Henderson became minister of St. Andrew’s Church, in New Westminster, B.C. Ten years, rich in service rendered and full of abundant activities, were passed in the Royal City. In his youth, for two years he had been a member of the champion football team of Ontario. Now lacrosse stirred his blood. For several years he was a member of the executive of the New Westminster Lacrosse Club - familiarly known as “The Salmonbellies,” and in 1908 when this team won the World Championship he was its honored president. LINK to his complete life biography - freemasonry.bcy.ca/grand_masters/henderson_j/henderson_j....

 

Daniel Trowling McElroy - New Westminster Lacrosse Team Trainer

(b. 5 April 1871 in Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland - d. 2 October 1941 (aged 70) in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada) - LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/143397451/daniel-trowling-mce... - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-dani...

 

LINK to a newspaper article - Pte. D.T. McElroy injury in France during WWI - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-pte-dt-mcelroy-in...

 

Son of Daniel McElroy and Jane Geddes

Husband of Mary Ellen Nicholson - married in 1898 - LINK to their marriage certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/bb...

 

WW1 veteran, Private Daniel Trowling McElroy, Reg No. 790647. Enlisted with the 131st Overseas Battalion CEF in New Westminster, BC on 18 Feb 1916. Served in France with the Canadian Forestry Corps. Was discharged 8 Oct 1918 for being medically unfit for further service. LINK to his WWI records - recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Home/Record...

 

The team's average weight per man is 158 2/3 pounds.

 

New Westminster Salmonbellies travelled to Montreal for a challenge match. They beat the Montreal Shamrocks for its first Minto Cup (then given to the top senior team in Canada).

 

1908 was a pivotal year in the history of the Minto Cup when the New Westminster Salmonbellies defeated the Montréal Shamrocks 12 to 7 in their two-game, total-goals series. The first game of the series was a close 6-5 result before the Salmonbellies responded with a commanding 6-2 win in the rematch to clinch the silverware.

 

LINK to newspaper report - New Westminster Wins First Game of the Minto Cup Match - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-w...

 

LINK to - New Westminster Wins Minto Cup - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-new-westminster-w...

 

With the benefit of hindsight, the 1908 New Westminster-Montréal series signaled a changing of the guard and is probably the most historically significant event in the cup’s history until the juniors took over control of the mug. It saw the game’s first dynasty coming to an end with a brand-new one at the opposite end of the country ready to take its place. The victory for the Royal City was notable for two other important reasons: the New Westminster Salmonbellies were the last bonafide amateur team to challenge and win the professional trophy as well as the first club from the Pacific Coast to pry the silver mug from the hands of the Easterners. LINK to the complete article - oldschoollacrosse.wordpress.com/

 

- the photographer - Frederick Louis Hacking

(b. 2 July 1880 in Ontario, Canada - d. 20 February 1969 at age 88 in Monterey, California, USA)

 

He started as a photo printer with the Wadds Brothers, then purchased S.J. Thompson's former New Westminster studio and by 1908 was running his own Vancouver studio at 445 Granville St. in the Fairfield Block. His landscape photographs attacted notice at the 1899 New Westminster exhibition.

 

The Daily News-Advertiser described his Vancouver studio when it opened in the Fairfield Block (Building) in 1908. Hacking, who was the official representative from BC at the Photographers' Association of the Pacific Northwest 1910 conference in Vancouver, was also elected vice-president for BC that year.

 

He later immigrated to California and registered for the US World War Two draft in 1942.

 

VANCOUVER STUDIO (FAIRFIELD BUILDING) DESCRIPTION:

 

This description of F.L. Hacking's new photo studio was published by the (Vancouver) Daily News-Advertiser on 14 Aug 1908, p. 15. The article was illustrated with three photographs depicting the "Reception Room", the "Skylight Room" and "Another View of Reception Room."

 

"An Artistic Studio.

 

A member of the "News-Advertiser" staff visited the new photographic studio of Mr. F.L. Hacking in the Fairfield Building, Granville Street, where for weeks past contractors and decorators have been transforming several suites of rooms and offices into what is now recognized as the most complete and artistic studio in the Province.

 

On entering the reception room, one is immediately impressed by the beautiful and quaint appearance of the apartment, which is furnished in the early English style. Amongst the many special features one's attention is drawn to the beautiful panelled walls, enriched with copper nailing, the unique fire grate and the casement windows and doors, whilst four heavy clusters of drop lights, suspended from the beamed ceilings--all designed and made especially for this studio--give the room a pleasing and uncommon appearance.

 

The delightful color scheme, from the rich rug on the floor to the delicate harmony of walls and ceilings, tends to show to advantage the specimens of artistic portraiture displayed, and gives visitors that feeling of repose and satisfaction that assures them that their own work could not be entrusted to better hands.

 

Leading from the reception room through a massive archway are the dressing rooms, each fitted with long pier mirrors and furnished in the same good taste.

 

The skylight room, one of the most important features of Mr. Hacking's business, has been constructed to give lighting facilities which will enable photographs to be taken at all reasonable times and under all conditions. The room is large and not encumbered with a hetreogeneous [sic] mass of painfully artificial scenery and paraphernalia; instead you see instruments and accessories of the best lenses by Dallmeyer, of London, England, and Goerz, of Berlin; camera by Anthony, of New York, and the necessary backgrounds are a revelation of simplicity and rich value, all painted especially by Packard, of Boston.

 

Nearly every modern equipment known to photography may be found in this up-to-date studio. The developing and finishing rooms are complete in every detail, giving this studio advantages for promptly executing work, a desideratum of no small importance, and one that will be immediately appreciated.

 

As a capable photographer, Mr. Hacking needs but little introduction in Vancouver. He was apprenticed when a young man in a leading Eastern studio, where high ideals and careful workmanship were early acquired. Eleven years ago he came to Vancouver and after eight years connected with Wadds Brothers' studio purchased the studio in New Westminster formerly conducted by Mr. S.J. Thompson. His artistic work brought immediate success that has necessitated branching out into the broader fields of opportunity offered in Vancouver.

 

Not being satisfied with anything but the best location and equipment, he finally secured the present quarters in the Fairfield building, the heart of the best district, which our readers are heartily commended to visit and inspect.

 

Mr. Hacking aptly says that "the aim and purpose of this studio is to turn out only high grade photographs, and the best that experience, artistic training, perfect equipment and skilled workmanship can produce is offered to its patrons." LINK to the complete article - cameraworkers.davidmattison.com/getperson.php?personID=I1...

Article in a local newspaper.

this article describes it well:

 

ANOTHER BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS: MARDI GRAS

Rick Bragg/New York Times/February 19, 1995

 

The little shotgun house is peeling and the Oldsmobile in front is missing a rear bumper, but Larry Bannock can glimpse glory through the eye of his needle. For almost a year he has hunkered over his sewing table, joining beads, velvet, rhinestones, sequins, feathers and ostrich plumes into a Mardi Gras costume that is part African, part Native American.

 

"I'm pretty," said Mr. Bannock, who is 6 feet tall and weighs 300 pounds. "And baby, when I walk out that door there ain't nothing cheap on me."

 

Most days, this 46-year-old black man is a carpenter, welder and handyman, but on Mardi Gras morning he is a Big Chief, one of the celebrated -- if incongruous -- black Indians of Carnival. He is an important man.

 

Sometime around 11 A.M. on Feb. 28, Mr. Bannock will step from his house in a resplendent, flamboyant turquoise costume complete with a towering headdress, and people in the largely black and poor 16th and 17th Wards, the area known as Gert Town, will shout, cheer and follow him through the streets, dancing, drumming and singing.

 

"That's my glory," he said. Like the other Big Chiefs, he calls it his "mornin' glory."

 

He is one of the standard-bearers of a uniquely New Orleans tradition. The Big Chiefs dance, sing and stage mock battles -- wars of words and rhymes -- to honor American Indians who once gave sanctuary to escaped slaves. It is an intense but elegant posturing, a street theater that some black men devote a lifetime to.

 

But this ceremony is also self-affirmation, the way poor blacks in New Orleans honor their own culture in a Carnival season that might otherwise pass them by, said the Big Chiefs who carry on the tradition, and the academics who study it.

 

These Indians march mostly in neighborhoods where the tourists do not go, ride on the hoods of dented Chevrolets instead of floats, and face off on street corners where poverty and violence grip the people most of the rest of the year. The escape is temporary, but it is escape.

 

"They say Rex is ruler," said Mr. Bannock, referring to the honorary title given to the king of Carnival, often a celebrity, who will glide through crowds of tourists and local revelers astride an elaborate float. "But not in the 17th Ward. 'Cause I'm the king here. This is our thing.

 

"The drums will be beating and everybody will be hollering and" -- he paused to stab the needle through a mosaic of beads and canvas -- "and it sounds like all my people's walking straight through hell."

 

A man does not need an Oldsmobile, with or without a bumper, if he can walk on air. Lifted there by the spirit of his neighborhood, it is his duty to face down the other Big Chiefs, to cut them down with words instead of bullets and straight razors, the way the Indians used to settle their disagreements in Mardi Gras in the early 1900s. Mr. Bannock, shot in the thigh by a jealous old chief in 1981, appears to be the last to have been wounded in battle.

 

"I forgave him," Mr. Bannock said.

 

The tribes have names like the Yellow Pocahontas, White Eagles, the Golden Star Hunters and the Wild Magnolias. The Big Chiefs are not born, but work their way up through the ranks. Only the best sewers and singers become Big Chiefs.

 

By tradition, the chiefs must sew their own costumes, and must do a new costume from scratch each year. Mr. Bannock's fingers are scarred from a lifetime of it. His right index finger is a mass of old punctures. Some men cripple themselves, through puncture wounds or repetitive motion, and have to retire. The costumes can cost $5,000 or more, a lot of cash in Gert Town.

 

The rhythms of their celebration, despite their feathered headdresses, seem more West African or Haitian than Indian, and the words are from the bad streets of the Deep South. Mr. Bannock said that no matter what the ceremony's origins, it belongs to New Orleans now. The battle chants have made their way into popular New Orleans music. The costumes hang in museums.

 

"Maybe it don't make no sense, and it ain't worth anything," said Mr. Bannock. But one day a year he leads his neighborhood on a hard, forced march to respect, doing battle at every turn with other chiefs who are out trying to do the same.

 

Jimmy Ricks is a 34-year-old concrete finisher most of the year, but on Mardi Gras morning he is a Spy Boy, the man who goes out ahead of the Big Chief searching for other chiefs. He is in love with the tradition, he said, because of what it means to people here.

 

"It still amazes me," he said, how on Mardi Gras mornings the people from the neighborhood drift over to Mr. Bannock's little house on Edinburgh Street and wait for a handyman to lead them.

 

"To understand it, you got to let your heart wander," said Mr. Bannock, who leads the Golden Star Hunters. "All I got to do is peek through my needle."

 

I'm 52 inches across my chest

And I don't bow to nothin'

'Cept God and death

-- from a battle chant by Larry Bannock

The more exclusive party within the party -- the grand balls and societies that underlie the reeling, alcohol-soaked celebration that is Carnival -- have always been By Invitation Only.

 

The origins of Carnival, which climaxes with Mardi Gras, or Fat Tuesday, are found in the Christian season of celebration before Lent. In New Orleans the celebration reaches back more than 150 years, to loosely organized parades in the 1830s. One of the oldest Carnival organizations, the Mystick Krewe of Comus, staged the first organized parade. Today, Mardi Gras is not one parade but several, including that of the traditional Zulus, a black organization. But Comus, on Fat Tuesday, is still king.

 

The krewes were -- some still are -- secret societies. The wealthier whites and Creoles, many of whom are descendants of people of color who were free generations before the Civil War, had balls and parades, while poorer black men and women cooked the food and parked the cars.

 

Mardi Gras had no other place for them, said Dr. Frederick Stielow, director of Tulane University's Amistad Research Center, the largest minority archive in the nation. And many of these poorer blacks still are not part of the party, he said.

 

"These are people who were systematically denigrated," said Dr. Stielow, who has studied the Mardi Gras Indians for years. So they made their own party, "a separate reality," he said, to the hard work, racism and stark poverty.

 

It might have been a Buffalo Bill Wild West Show that gave them the idea to dress as Indians, Dr. Stielow said, but either way the first "Indian Tribes" appeared in the late 1800s. They said they wore feathers as a show of affinity from one oppressed group to another, and to thank the Louisiana Indians for sanctuary in the slave days.

 

By the Great Depression these tribes, or "gangs" as they are now called, used Mardi Gras as an excuse to seek revenge on enemies and fought bloody battles, said the man who might be the biggest chief of all, 72-year-old Tootie Montana. He has been one for 46 years.

 

Mr. Bannock said, "They used to have a saying, 'Kiss your wife, hug your momma, sharpen your knife, and load your pistol.' "

 

Even after the violence faded into posturing, the New Orleans Police Department continued to break up the Indian gatherings. Mr. Bannock said New Orleans formally recognized the Indians' right to a tiny piece of Mardi Gras just two years ago.

 

Shoo fly, don't bother me

Shoo fly, don't bother me

If it wasn't for the warden and them lowdown hounds

I'd be in New Orleans 'fore the sun go down

-- Big Chief's battle chant, written by a chief while in the state prison in Angola

They speak a language as mysterious as any white man's krewe.

 

In addition to Spy Boys, there are Flag Boys -- the flag bearers -- and Second Line, the people, sometimes numbering in the hundreds, who follow the chiefs from confrontation to confrontation.

 

They march -- more of a dance, really -- from Downtown, Uptown, even across the river in the poor black sections of Algiers -- until the Big Chiefs meet at the corner of Claiborne and Orleans Avenues and, inside a madhouse circle of onlookers, lash each other with words. Sometimes people almost faint from the strain.

 

But it is mainly with the costume itself that a man does battle, said Mr. Montana. The breastplates are covered with intricate pictures of Indian scenes, painstakingly beaded by hand. The feathers are brilliant yellows, blues, reds and greens.

 

The winner is often "the prettiest," Mr. Montana said, and that is usually him.

 

"I am the oldest, I am the best, and I am the prettiest," he said.

 

A few are well-off businessmen, at least one has served time in prison, but most are people who sweat for a living, like him.

 

Some chiefs do not make their own costumes, but pay to have them made -- what Mr. Bannock calls "Drugstore Indians." Of the 20 or so people who call themselves Big Chiefs, only a few remain true to tradition.

 

Mr. Bannock sits and sweats in his house, working day and night with his needle. He has never had time for a family. He lives for Fat Tuesday.

 

"I need my mornin' glory," he said.

 

A few years ago he had a heart attack, but did not have time to die. He had 40 yards of velvet to cut and sew.

......

 

Demel

The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).

K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH

Founded in 1786

Coffee and pastry industry

Products Coffee, tea, cakes

website www.Demel.at

Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix

When decorating goods Visitors may watch.

Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.

History

1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shot at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.

Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.

1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.

After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.

During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.

1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.

In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.

Products

Demel chocolate products

One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made ​​by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.

Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demel

Woohoo! Well here it is, and a page longer than I was expecting! I've just spent bloody ages trying to figure out my iphone so I could post these! This article is in the 30th Jan edition of MacUser magazine. As far as I know it's UK only, but if you want a copy I'm sure you could order one online.

 

I'm so, so pleased with how this turned out. The magazine treated everything with lots of care and respect and I couldn't be happier.

The Brisbane Courier

15 November 1926

 

VICTIM'S DEATH. AN ARREST MADE. CUSTOMS HOUSE ACCIDENT.

 

Mr. William Joseph Charles Shaw (46, single), who was knocked down by a motor car at the Customs House tram stop at about midnight on Friday, and who sustained a fracture of the skull, died at the General Hospital at 11.45 on Saturday morning. Mr. Shaw, who was a shopwalker at M'Donnell and. East Ltd.'s, lived at New Farm. A. brother, Mr. "John Shaw, resides in Kenilworth street, Sherwood.

 

Stanley Harrison Young, Kent-stieet, New Farm, was arrested yesterday in connection with the matter, and a charge of unlawful killing will be preferred against him in the Police Court this morning.

 

Queensland State Archives DR18

 

Brisbane's recorded history dates from 1799, when Matthew Flinders explored Moreton Bay on an expedition from Port Jackson, although the region had long been occupied by the Yugara and Turrbal aboriginal groups. First Nations Australians lived in coastal South East Queensland (SEQ) for at least 22,000 years, with an estimated population between 6,000 and 10,000 individuals before European settlers arrived in the 1820s.

 

At this time the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal people, (Turrbal also being the name of the language they spoke) who knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning "place shaped as a spike". Archaeological evidence suggests frequent habitation around the Brisbane River, and notably at the site now known as Musgrave Park.

 

The first convict jail was built in Redcliffe in 1824 and that was moved to the site of the present-day CBD in 1825. Officials believed the natural bend in the river provided an effective barrier against escape.

 

Read more about the Moreton Bay convict settlement in this article: blogs.archives.qld.gov.au/2021/10/05/moreton-bay-convict-...

 

Its suitability for fishing, farming, timbering, and other occupations, however, caused it to be opened to free settlement in 1838. Civilian occupation of the area began in 1842, and by the late 1880s Brisbane became the main site for commerce, and the capital-to-be began to develop distinct architectural features and culture.

 

With an abundance of sunshine and laid-back lifestyle, Brisbane quickly drew people eager to settle in its environs. The city grew steadily over the years and a turning point in its advancement was during World War II when it housed the main allied headquarters in the South Pacific for Australian and American service personnel.

 

The post-war population boom brought a spurt in industry and Brisbane staked a claim as the third-largest city in Australia.

 

Despite its rapid progress, Brisbane was often seen as lagging culturally behind Sydney and Melbourne. But two landmark events in the 1980s brought about a major change and accelerated Brisbane towards Australia’s new world city it is today.

 

The Commonwealth Games came to Brisbane in 1982, and this resulted in a massive injection of new infrastructure and sporting facilities. Then the eyes of the world turned to Brisbane in 1988 and thousands of visitors flocked to Expo 88. The subsequent birth of South Bank on the Expo site has resulted in a thriving cultural hub and Brisbane is more than matching it with its southern counterparts.

 

FIRST NATIONS HISTORY

Prior to European colonisation, the Brisbane region was occupied by Aboriginal tribes, notably clans of the Yugara, Turrbal and Quandamooka peoples. The oldest archaeological site in the Brisbane region comes from Wallen Wallen Creek on North Stradbroke Island (21,430±400 years before present), however, settlement would likely occurred well prior to this date.

 

The land, the river and its tributaries were the source and support of life in all its dimensions. The river's abundant supply of food included fish, shellfish, crab, and prawns. Good fishing places became campsites and the focus of group activities. The district was defined by open woodlands with rainforest in some pockets or bends of the Brisbane River.

A resource-rich area and a natural avenue for seasonal movement, Brisbane was a way station for groups travelling to ceremonies and spectacles. The region had several large (200–600 person) seasonal camps, the biggest and most important located along waterways north and south of the current city heart: Barambin or 'York's Hollow' camp (today's Victoria Park) and Woolloon-cappem (Woolloongabba/South Brisbane), also known as Kurilpa. These camping grounds continued to function well into historic times, and were the basis of European settlement in parts of Brisbane.

 

TOWN PLAN

Buildings were constructed for the convict settlement, generally at right angles to the river's shoreline in the direction of Queen Street, and along the shoreline south-east of today's Victoria Bridge. The outstanding surviving building is the Commissariat Store (1828-29), originally two storeys, in William Street. The street layout, however, developed from a thoroughfare from the river's edge running north-east to the prisoners' barrack near the corner of today's Queen and Albert Streets. When a town survey was done in 1840 that thoroughfare was chosen as the main street – Queen Street – and the grid pattern of square blocks moved out from the Queen Street axis. There were several versions of the town survey. The proposed streets varied in width from 20 to 28 metres but Governor Gipps, anticipating an inauspicious future for the settlement, trimmed them back to the lesser figure. Streets running parallel to Queen Street were named after British and related royalty, among them Queen Mary II, Queen Charlotte (wife of George III) and Queen Adelaide (wife of William IV). William, George, Albert and Edward Streets, running at right angles, had similar royal antecedents. Creek Street's position approximated the course of a minor stream, Wheat Creek.

 

The town survey occurred about three years after a select committee of the British Parliament had concluded that transportation had ceased to deter crime and, in any event, was tainted with inhumanity. By 1839 Moreton Bay was being transformed from a convict settlement to a free settlement, and in July 1842 the first sales of Brisbane land took place in Sydney. Nearly 60 allotments, each of 36 perches, in North and South Brisbane were offered. Twelve months later blocks in Kangaroo Point were sold. Little care was taken to reserve land or space along the river's edge for public purposes, but the government farm at the south-east end was kept and in time became the botanic gardens.

 

OUTER SETTLEMENTS

The scatter of urban land sales detracted from North Brisbane's role as a central place in Moreton Bay. Wharves were set up on both sides of the river, and there was an Ipswich-Cleveland 'axis' backed by rural interests which wanted the administrative centre and a port at those places. Probably it was the building of a customs house in 1849 on the river in North Brisbane which had a decisive effect: wharf interests moved, to be closer to the customs house, which in turn influenced the location of warehouses and merchandising. South Brisbane remained at a disadvantage until a permanent Victoria Bridge (1874) replaced ferry crossings.

 

Four years after the first land sales North and South Brisbane's populations were 614 and 346 respectively. The town was nothing much to look at: convict buildings were dilapidated, new structures had been roughly built and mainly it was the steady inflow of new inhabitants which held the best prospects for improvement. A Catholic school had been opened in 1845 and the Moreton Bay Courier weekly newspaper began publication in 1846, but it was not until the end of the decade that noticeable civic amenities emerged. Coinciding with the arrival of the Fortitude immigrants in 1849 (who were settled outside the town boundary, north of Boundary Street), an Anglican school was opened and a Wesleyan church built in Albert Street. A school of arts was established, moving into its own hall in Creek Street in 1851. Regular postal deliveries were introduced in Brisbane in 1852.

During the 1850s most Churches constructed substantial buildings: St Stephens Catholic in Elizabeth Street (1850), St Johns Anglican, William Street, Presbyterian, Ann Street (1857) and Baptist, Wharf Street (1859). There were three ferry services, to South Brisbane, Kangaroo Point and the 'middle' service from Edward Street, also to Kangaroo Point. The Brisbane Municipal Council was proclaimed, just before colonial self-government, in 1859.

 

There had been land sales well beyond the town boundaries, but in the early 1860s allotments were cut up for working-class cottages in Spring Hill, Petrie Terrace and Fortitude Valley. In 1861 a census recorded over 8000 people in Brisbane and another 5000 in adjoining areas. An Ipswich to Brisbane telegraph began operation and the unused convict windmill (1828) up in Wickham Terrace was converted to a signal station with a time ball.

 

TOWN IMPROVEMENTS

Municipal improvements were brought in with improved town lighting from the Brisbane gas works (1864) in Petrie Bight, north of the customs house, and the widely felt need for recreation space was officially recognised by a survey of Yorks Hollow (where the Fortitude migrants had been sent) for Victoria Park. Progress there was slow, with the council using the site for sewage disposal until 1886. Fires rid parts of Queen Street of time-worn commercial buildings in 1864, clearing the way for better structures built under the supervision of fire-protection bylaws. The council also found the need to divide its area into four wards, expanding it into six in 1865 (East, West, North, South, Valley and Kangaroo Point). The council also expanded to a new town hall in Queen Street (1866), by when a short-lived bridge to South Brisbane (1865-67) was in operation. The water supply ponds were hopelessly inadequate, and in 1866 a supply from Breakfast Creek, Enoggera, was turned on.

 

Gympie gold (1867) brought prosperity to the colony, but the rural-dominated legislature spent the money outside Brisbane, a prime example being the Darling Downs railway to Ipswich (1867) with the intent of having a port on the Bremer River. Legislative shenanigans could not stop the growth of the capital city's population (15,000 in 1871, 23,000 in 1881) nor that of the adjoining suburbs. Brisbane's 1881 population of 23,000 included South Brisbane. Ten years later, after South Brisbane had been made a separate municipality in 1887, their combined populations were 49,000. By 1891 Brisbane and suburbs had a population of over 100,000.

 

With population and export income from gold there came pressure for public buildings appropriate to the town's growing prosperity. The first of them was the general post office in Queen Street (1872), followed by the government printing office (1874) near the Commissariat Store in William Street. A torrent came in the 1880s, with the Queensland National Bank at the corner of Queen and Creek Streets, the Margaret Street Synagogue, Finney Isles Big Block emporium in Adelaide Street, and in 1889 the new Customs House, the Treasury Building in William Street and the Ann Street Presbyterian church. The legislature aspired to grandeur quite early, in 1868, with its Parliament House near the botanic gardens.

 

TRAINS AND TRAMS

The Ipswich railway line was joined to Brisbane by a bridge across the river at Chelmer and Indooroopilly in 1876. Ten years later a line to the South Coast was under construction, but the lines were at first organised with rural freight rather than suburban passengers in mind. Suburban transport services started with a horse tram out to New Farm (1885-86), and across the Victoria Bridge to West End. Electric powered trams began in 1887. Central Brisbane was crossed by a Queen Street tram, connected to termini at Newstead, West End and Logan Road at Buranda. The main shopping centre was around Queen, George and Adelaide Streets, competing with Brunswick and Wickham Streets in Fortitude Valley. The south side had shopping at Five Ways, Woolloongabba, and at South Brisbane, although the latter declined after the 1893 floods.

 

Northside tram lines from Red Hill, Kelvin Grove, Clayfield and Hamilton were opened during 1897-1902, coming into the city via Edward Street in most cases. By 1890 there were also suburban railway lines, to Sandgate via Nundah (1882), to Enoggera and to Cleveland (1889). Brisbane Central station (1889) brought northside travellers right into Brisbane, as before then the Sandgate line had ended at Roma Street via a cost saving line through Victoria Park. The line to Brisbane Central station also passed through busy Fortitude Valley.

With the addition of a tram line to Lutwyche and Kedron in 1913 the pressure of traffic led to the construction of a line along Adelaide Street (1915), which in turn required the Council to widen Adelaide Street by four metres between George and Creek Streets in 1922-23.

 

HOUSE SIZES

Since 1885 minimum house allotments had been set at 16 perches (10m x 40m). Residents could therefore look forward to more airy, spacious houses outside the city and its adjoining suburbs such as Spring Hill and Petrie Terrace. The better-off population invariably sought out the higher ridges on elevated sites overlooking the river, making Hamilton (with a tram in 1899) one of the most sought after suburbs. It was the new upper-working and middle-class suburbs, however, that showed the change most clearly.

 

CENTRAL CITY SHOPPING

Central Brisbane had grand department stores, Finney Isles, and Allan and Stark, but not as many as Fortitude Valley. A third one came later in George Street, near the Roma Street railway station: McDonnell and East built a low-rise emporium there in 1912. Commercial and government buildings, usually of a modest height, sometimes had a massive footprint. An exception to the prevailing height practice was the Queensland (later Commonwealth) Bank administration building of eight storeys at the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets (1920) clad with sandstone and granite. The CML building, next to the GPO, went to the legal limit of 11 storeys in 1931 and was exceeded in height only by the Brisbane City Hall tower (1930).

 

The changing commercial centre was thought to need a distinctive civic space and an Anzac Square was proposed in 1915. It was completed in 1930, coinciding with the City Hall and the construction of a second bridge out of the city, across the river to South Brisbane. Named after William Jolly, first Lord Mayor of the amalgamated Brisbane Metropolitan Council (1925), the bridge was opened in 1932. A third bridge was opened in 1940 from the other (eastern) end of the city across to Kangaroo Point. Neither bridge had trams, but each integrated with the metropolitan council's planned arterial road system.

 

The opening of the Story Bridge was followed by 20 years of building quietude in central Brisbane. The war and postwar recovery explains part of the inactivity, but central Brisbane made do with its prewar building stock during the 1950s. Suburban expansion was the focus of activity, exemplified by Allan and Stark building a drive-in shopping centre at Chermside in 1957. Another change was the removal of the wholesale food market from Roma Street to Rocklea in 1962.

After recovery from the 1961 credit squeeze, commercial pressure and interstate example succeeded in raising the building height limit. The Pearl Assurance building (1966) at Queen Street was 15 storeys and the Manufacturers Mutual Insurance building (1967), also in Queen Street, was 22 storeys. The SGIO building (1970) in Turbot Street was an even more significant structure.

 

A lack of building activity in central Brisbane in the 1950s did not detract from its role as a retailing destination. Central city shopping boomed while there were low postwar car ownership and strong radial public transport services. The 1953 retail census for metropolitan Brisbane showed that the city and inner suburbs (Fortitude Valley, Bowen Hills, South Brisbane etc) had 74% of total retail sales.

 

OFFICES AND SHOPS

Set against the decline in retailing was the growth in high-rise office and commercial buildings. By the late 1980s central Brisbane had about 1.75 million sq metres of office space, ten times the amount of retail floor space. Its share of metropolitan office space was over 70%, and fringe areas such as Spring Hill, Fortitude Valley, Milton and Woolloongabba had another 25%. The change in Brisbane's skyline was evident from across the river, an example being the view from Kangaroo Point to the Riverside Centre office building (1987) at Eagle Street. The eastern commercial end of Ann, Adelaide and Queen Streets began to resemble the closed in narrow streets of Sydney's office precinct.

In contrast to office high rise, the Queen Street retailing centre has kept many of its old buildings. The facades are partly concealed by pedestrian mall shade sails and other structures, but the shops and arcades generate plenty of activity. The most significant addition was the Myer Centre (1988) with eight cinemas and 200 other stores, bounded by Queen, Albert and Elizabeth Streets. It replaced Allan and Stark (Queen Street, opposite side) and McWhirters, Fortitude Valley, which had both been taken over by Myer several years before. When opened, the Myer Centre's retail floor area was nearly 108,000 sq m, 26% more than the largest competing regional drive-in centre, at Upper Mount Gravatt.

 

PARKS AND RESIDENTS

By the 1960s the growth of metropolitan population and motor traffic was putting central Brisbane's streets under strain. All three river bridges fed into the central business district, although the Centenary Bridge (1960) at Jindalee gave temporary relief. Closer in, relief came in 1969 with the widening of the Story Bridge approaches, and the opening of the fourth Victoria Bridge, often known as the Melbourne Street Bridge. The Riverside Expressway was completed in 1976, a close-in ring road along the western edge of central Brisbane, from Victoria Bridge to the new Captain Cook Bridge, and leading to the south-eastern suburbs. The Expressway decisively altered the appearance of Central Brisbane. The tram crossing had ceased to function when trams were replaced by buses, but a railway crossing came very belatedly with the Merivale Bridge, linking South Brisbane and Roma Street stations in 1978. Prior to that the lines from Beenleigh and Cleveland and the trunk standard gauge from Sydney terminated at the South Brisbane station.

Roma Street had been the site of the wholesale food market, and for decades the land had remained under-used. The central city had incrementally added open spaces to its fabric – King George Square enlarged in 1975 and the Post Office Square opened in 1984 – and in 2001-03 the largest addition, the 16 ha Roma Street Parkland was completed.

 

Along with Albert Park and Wickham Park, the Parkland gives inner city residents generous open space. The residential population of central Brisbane, however, changed little between 1981 and 2001. The inner city (approximately between Ann and Elizabeth Streets) had just 45 dwellings in 1981 and 689 in 2001. The resident populations for the respective years were 1174 and 976, a decrease. Apartments had replaced boarding houses and rooms. The rest of central Brisbane (including Petrie Terrace) also saw an increase in dwellings (758 to 1282) and a decrease in population (3511 to 1797). Single person apartments had increased, multi-person dwellings had decreased and some of each were not lived in full time, often being held for prospective capital gain. The boom in apartment building from 2001 has added thousands of apartments, many rented by overseas students.

 

The distinctive features of twenty-first century Brisbane are its increasing resemblance to other capital city office precincts, with forecourts, sub-tropical decorative plants and outdoor cafes. Queen Street's signature silver bullet trams last ran in 1969, but the street's unusual width (Andrew Petrie apparently persuaded Governor Gipps on this point) has provided for a signature shopping mall with generous outdoor seating and dining areas. Out of the central retail area elegant sandstone government and commercial buildings have survived, surely an iconic architectural form. Some buildings have removed their clerks and accountants, substituting hotel patrons, tourists and casino visitors. The historic customs house was purchased by The University of Queensland from the federal government, and includes meeting, dining and gallery space. The City Hall (1930), once the tallest building, has been dwarfed by surrounding skyscrapers, so its clock tower no longer affords a commanding view over Central Brisbane. In 2008 the Brisbane City Council agreed to underpin City Hall which was in danger of gradual sinking on inadequate foundations.

 

The gothic-style St Johns Anglican Cathedral, commenced in 1901-06, was finally completed in 2009. Bounded by Ann and Adelaide streets, the cathedral roof and other buildings sustained extensive damage in a storm in 2014.

 

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane & www.visitbrisbane.com.au/information/about-brisbane/histo... & queenslandplaces.com.au/brisbane-central

  

The Brisbane Customs House, located at the northern end of Queen Street and beside the Brisbane River at the northern end of the Town Reach, is an imposing two-storeyed rendered brick building in the classical style. The site is prominent due to the proximity to the river, the bend in Queen Street and the general topography which opens up many views to and from the building. A prominent feature is the large copper dome at the semi-circular northern end which is a focal point viewed from both directions along Queen Street and from the river for ships arriving from Moreton Bay. The architectural form of the building announces the northern edge of the city centre and is sympathetic to the landscape features of cliffs and river bends.

 

The architectural form clearly demonstrates the intended purpose of the building with the double entrance from both the city and the river, which is a response to the siting of the building between the river and the town. The riverside setting allows long views across and along the river to the building.

 

Other features of the Brisbane Customs House which demonstrate its former use are more characteristic of late 19th century customs houses in Australia, especially the general design and planning arrangement of the building to include an imposing masonry façade, an impressive public space (the former Long Room now used for functions), a secure bonded warehouse (the former Queens Warehouse, now converted to an art gallery), offices and a secure boundary fence.

 

The Brisbane Customs House is a well proportioned and skilfully designed example of a Victorian building in the Renaissance mode executed to take best advantage of its dominant site and solve the practical problems of dual access from the town and from the river. It has considerable unity in its scale, form and use of materials.

The main structure of the building is of brick on a stone foundation. The columns, pilasters, balusters to the colonnade, the parapet and side entrances are of Murphy's Creek sandstone. There are cast iron balustrades on the recessed verandahs and external stairs. The main roof is clad with corrugated iron. Timber window and door joinery survives reasonably intact on the exterior walls.

The exterior of the building is very intact except for the loss of the original roof, which was replaced by the present steel trussed roof in the 1940s, the removal of chimneys and the widening of the northwestern end of the balconies in the 1940s.

The interior fabric is less intact due to the alterations and additions carried out during its use as a customs house and to the most recent refurbishment, which removed much of the 1940s fabric but recovered aspects of the 19th century form, including reconstruction of the original timber staircase.

Inside the building the most imposing space is that of the Long Room beneath the dome. Fluted Corinthian pilasters of painted plaster are below the coffered ceiling of the dome, which has a central glazed section. In the basement some of the original walls with arched openings remain.

 

The 1890-91 Moggill sandstone retaining wall carries around the perimeter of the site reasonably intact and incorporates a wrought iron balustrade, masonry piers, stairs and rooms for the former underground privies at the river's edge. There is a small ground with a mature fig tree and sunken garden, which contribute to the building's riverside setting.

The Brisbane Customs House at the northern end of the Town Reach of the Brisbane River, near Petrie's Bight, was erected between 1886 and 1889 to a design prepared by Charles McLay of the Queensland Colonial Architect's Office.

The 1880s building replaced an earlier and much smaller customs house on the site. The location had been chosen in 1849 following the declaration of Moreton Bay as a port of entry in 1846 and after considerable discussion as to the most suitable location for a customs house. At the time shipping activity was centred on the South Brisbane Reach and the decision to locate a customs house at the northern end of the Town Reach acted as an impetus for the development of wharves along this part of the river. A small building was erected for customs purposes in 1850 and in the following decades became increasingly inadequate as Brisbane emerged as the principal commercial centre and port of Queensland.

 

In 1884 the Queensland Government decided to construct a new customs house. In March 1886 a design by Charles McLay was selected from many proposals in the Colonial Architect's Office for a new Brisbane Customs House. McLay completed the specification in May 1886 and construction commenced in September that year.

 

Charles McLay was the major designer under the colonial architect George Connolly and was appointed Chief Draftsman in 1889. His works include the Bundaberg Post Office, probably the Fortitude Post Office and the Lady Norman Wing Brisbane Children's Hospital (with JJ Clark), of which the Brisbane Customs House is by far the most ambitious and prominent design.

 

The contract was let to one of Brisbane's oldest and most respected contractors, John Petrie & Son, who tendered with a price of £37,342. The contract time was 30 months but because of difficulties with the supply of some materials, especially stone for the foundations, and alterations to the original plans, the building took longer than anticipated to complete and it was opened on 2 September 1889. Retaining walls, fencing, a double staircase down to the river and nearby earth closets were also constructed.

Construction was finished in three years at a cost of £38,346. The downstream end of the Brisbane central business district was selected to spur the development of wharves in the precinct known as Petrie Bight. The lower floor contained a secure warehouse where goods not having been passed customs were stored.

 

The completed building incorporated pedimented gables and a massive colonnade. Heraldic scenes in the pediments were precursors to the official Queensland coat of arms, which was not granted until 1893. A curved iron balustrade to the balconies included the initials of the reigning sovereign, Victoria Regina, in the cast. Red cedar was used extensively for desks, counters, cabinets and tables as well as for a massive and elegant staircase.

 

The Brisbane Customs House was built during a period of economic prosperity and a construction 'boom' in Queensland and was amongst the more impressive of a number of notable public and commercial buildings erected in Brisbane during the 1880s, which included the first stage of the Treasury Building (1886-1889). Public pride in the new customs house was considerable. On 7 September 1889, a few days after the building was opened for business, the local Brisbane Courier newspaper drew attention to "the handsome and imposing appearance, especially as seen from the river or from Petrie's Bight" and predicted that the Brisbane Customs House with its tall columns, pilasters and large copper-sheathed dome would "become one of the features of the city".

 

In 1891 stables, additional retaining walls and fencing, and more earth closets were erected at a cost of £446. By the mid-1890s gardens and a driveway had been developed. The mature fig tree now at the site was possibly planted about this time. Minor repairs were carried out throughout the 1890s, including some work in 1895 after seven feet (2.1 m) of water inundated the basement during the Brisbane River floods early in 1893.

 

By December 1908 the Brisbane Customs House, valued at £80,804 (£40,804 for the structure and £40,000 for the site), had been transferred to the Commonwealth.

In 1906 the inadequacies of the original flat roof were overcome by the installation of a new hipped roof. Rearrangement of counters and partitions in the Long Room was carried out in 1911 and again in 1919. Frequently minor repairs, cleaning and maintenance work was carried out to the interior of the building in succeeding decades. In 1947 major internal alterations were undertaken: all but two of the internal masonry walls were demolished; the timber floors were replaced by concrete slabs; the cedar staircase was removed and a new terrazzo one was installed at another location; mezzanine floors were erected in the Long Room; and the roof was replaced - without the original chimneys. In 1978 part of the exterior was cleaned, repaired and sealed and painted.

 

In the mid-1980s the Australian Customs Department moved out of the building to Australia House. The building remained vacant from 1988 until leased by the University of Queensland and restored as a convention centre and art gallery in the mid-1990s. At this period some of the interior masonry walls that had been removed in 1947 were replaced and the original timber stair was reconstructed. Non-significant partitions added after 1948 and parts of the 1940s fit out were removed except for some good quality intact 1940s office cabinetry which survived and part of the 1940s main stair which provided access to the basement. Two of the 1940s galleries added to the Long Room were removed and one, at the southwest end, retained and adapted. Timber window and door joinery was conserved and plaster mouldings reconstructed where they were missing.

 

In 2015, Customs House continues to be used by the University of Queensland as a function centre, art gallery and restaurant.

 

apps.des.qld.gov.au/heritage-register/detail/?id=600156

 

Article complet à lire sur : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.fr/2018/02/premiers-tirs-du-...

 

Complete article on : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.fr/2018/02/premiers-tirs-du-...

Demel

The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).

K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH

Founded in 1786

Coffee and pastry industry

Products Coffee, tea, cakes

website www.Demel.at

Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix

When decorating goods Visitors may watch.

Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.

History

1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shop at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.

Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.

1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.

After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.

During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.

1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.

In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.

Products

Demel chocolate products

One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made ​​by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.

Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demel

Click the below link to know the Best Way to Know More Better about Deep Learning Vs Machine Learning...

Visit: bit.ly/2QZbN0N

1 Chome, Nagatachō, Chiyoda-ku, Tōkyō-to, Japan - 東京都千代田区永田町１丁目

Smoking

Article complet à lire sur militaryphotoreport.blogspot.fr/2016/07/14-juillet-2016-d...

 

Complete article on : militaryphotoreport.blogspot.fr/2016/07/14-juillet-2016-d...

Demel

The title of this article is ambiguous. Other uses, see Demel (disambiguation).

K.u.K. Hofzuckerbäcker Ch Demel 's Söhne GmbH

Founded in 1786

Coffee and pastry industry

Products Coffee, tea, cakes

website www.Demel.at

Interior furnishings from Komptoir Demel in Vienna, from Portois Fix

When decorating goods Visitors may watch.

Demel is one of the most famous Viennese pastry at the carbon (cabbage) market (Kohlmarkt) 14 in the first Viennese district Innere Stadt. Demel was a k.u.k. Hofzuckerbäcker and runs this item today in public.

History

1778 came the of Wurttemberg stemming confectioner Ludwig Dehne to Vienna. 1786, he founded his pastry shot at the place of St. Michael. Dehne died in 1799 of tuberculosis. His widow then married the confectioner Gottlieb Wohlfahrt. In 1813 they bought the house in St. Michael's Square 14. Despite numerous innovations such as frozen the company's finances could not be rehabilitated. After the death of Gottlieb Wohlfahrt in 1826 the widow and her son from her first marriage August Dehne succeeded but the economic boom. August Dehne managed to great wealth, he invested in land. As the son of August Dehne struck another career as a lawyer, Dehne sold the confectionery in 1857 to his first mate Christoph Demel.

Demel also had success in the continuation of the company and established it to a Viennese institution. After the death of Christoph Demel in 1867 his sons Joseph and Charles took over the business, which is why it since "Christoph Demel 's Söhne" means. On request Demel received 1874 the Hoflieferantentitel (the titel as purveyor to the court). The proximity to the Imperial Palace directly opposite made business more profitable. The Hofburg borrowed from Demel occasionally staff and tableware for special occasions such as proms and parties. Recent developments in the art of confectionery were brought from Paris. Trained at Demel, professionals quickly found employment.

1888 Old Burgtheater was demolished at Michael's place and transformed the place. Demel had to move out of the house and he moved to the Kohlmarkt 14. The new store inside was equipped inside with high costs by purveyor to the court Portois & Fix. The interior is decorated in the style of Neo-Rococo with mahogany wood and mirrors. Regulars were members of the Viennese court as Empress Elisabeth, and other prominent members of the Vienna society of the time, the actress Katharina Schratt and Princess Pauline von Metternich. A peculiarity of Demel from the time of the monarchy is that the always female attendance, which originally was recruited from monastic students, is dressed in a black costume with a white apron. They are called Demelinerinnen and address the guest traditionally in a special "Demel German", which is a polite form of the third person plural, omitting the personal salutation and with questions such as "elected Have you?" or "want to eat?" was known.

After the death of Joseph and Carl Demel took over Carl's widow Maria in 1891 the management. She also received the k.u.k. Hoflieferantentitel. From 1911 to 1917 led Carl Demel (junior) the business and then his sister Anna Demel (4 March 1872 in Vienna - November 8, 1956 ibid ; born Siding). Under her leadership, the boxes and packaging were developed by the Wiener Werkstätte. Josef Hoffmann established in 1932 because of a contract the connection of the artist Friedrich Ludwig Berzeviczy-Pallavicini to Anna Demel. The design of the shop windows at that time was an important means of expression of the shops and there were discussions to whether they should be called visual or storefront (Seh- or Schaufenster - display window or look window). While under the Sehfenster (shop window) an informative presentation of goods was understood, the goods should be enhanced by staging the showcase. From 1933 until his emigration in 1938 took over Berzeviczy-Pallavicini the window dressing of Demel and married in 1936 Klara Demel, the adopted niece of Anna Demel.

During the Nazi regime in Austria the confectioner Demel got privileges from the district leadership because of its reputation. Baldur von Schirach and his wife took the confectioner under their personal protection, there were special allocations of gastronomic specialties from abroad in order to continue to survive. But while the two sat in the guest room and consumed cakes, provided the Demelinerinnen in a hallway between the kitchen and toilet political persecutws, so-called U-Boats. Those here were also hearing illegal radio stations and they discussed the latest news.

1952 Anna Demel was the first woman after the war to be awarded the title Kommerzialrat. She died in 1956. Klara Demel took over the management of the bakery. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini, who lived in the United States until then returned to Vienna. After Clara's death on 19 April 1965, he carried on the pastry. During his time at Demel he established the tradition to make from showpieces of the sugar and chocolate craft extravagant neo-baroque productions. Baron Berzeviczy sold the business in 1972 for economic reasons to the concealed appearing Udo Proksch, who established in 1973 in the first floor rooms for the Club 45; also Defence Minister Karl Lütgendorf had his own salon. After Proksch was arrested in 1989 in connection with the Lucona scandal, he sold Demel to the non-industry German entrepreneur Günter Wichmann. 1993 it came to insolvency. Raiffeisen Bank Vienna as principal creditor, acquired the property in 1994 from the bankrupt company to initially continue itself the traditional Viennese company through a subsidiary. In the process of the renovation in March 1995 on the fourth floor were mura painting from the 18th century exposed and the baroque courtyard covered by a glass construction which since the re-opening on 18 April 1996 can be used as Schanigarten (pavement café) or conservatory.

In 2002 the catering company Do & Co took over the Demel. The company was awarded with the "Golden Coffee Bean " of Jacobs coffee in 1999. Demel now has additional locations in Salzburg and New York.

Products

Demel chocolate products

One of the most famous specialty of the house is " Demel's Sachertorte" . The world-famous Sachertorte was invented by Franz Sacher, but completed only in its today known form by his son Eduard Sacher while training in Demel. After a 1938 out of court enclosed process occurred after the Second World War a till 1965 during dispute between Demel and the Sacher Hotel: The hotel insisted on its naming rights, Demel, however, could pointing out already since the invention of the "Original Sacher" called pie "having used the denomination". Demel had after the death of Anna Sacher in 1930, under defined conditions, the generation and distribution rights for "Eduard-Sacher-Torte" received. The dispute was settled in favor of the Hotel Sacher and the Demelsche cake is today, "Demel 's Sachertorte" and is still made ​​by hand. While a layer of apricot jam under the chocolate icing and another in the center of the cake can be found in the "Original Sacher-Torte", is in "Demel 's Sachertorte " the layer in the middle omitted.

Besides the Sachertorte helped another specialty the pastry to world fame: the original gingerbread figures whose modeling came from the collection of Count Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek on Castle Kreuzenstein. Then there are the Demel cake (almond-orange mass with blackcurrant jam, marzipan and chocolate coating), Anna Torte, Dobos cake, cake trays, Russian Punch Cake, Esterházy cake, apple strudel and other confectionary specialties. Popular with many tourists are the candied violets with which Demel earlier supplied the imperial court and they allegedly have been the Lieblingsnaschereien (favorite candies) of Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"). Rooms in the upper floors as the Pictures Room, Gold Room and the Silver rooms are rented for events. In addition to the pastry shop Demel operates, as it did at the time of the monarchy, a catering service, after the re-opening in 1996 as well as storage, shipping and packaging was desettled in the 22nd District of Vienna. Demel is also responsible for the catering at Niki Aviation.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demel

See the article at www.eriegaynews.com/news/article.php?recordid=201110pride...

 

Erie Pride Parade & Rally a Great Time!

 

by Michael Mahler

 

On Saturday, August 27, about 230 people participated in the Erie Pride Parade & Rally. This year’s Pride events were organized by the Pride Planning committee, which is an informal coalition of groups and individuals.

Parade

 

About 100 people marched in the parade from the Zone Dance Club to Perry Square. John Daly King was the Grand Marshal for the parade, in a convertible driven by Caitlyn. Also in the parade were beloved local gay icons Jesse and Ricardo, who rode their tandem bike.

 

Parade units included

 

Lake Erie Belly Dance

Doctor Who contingent

PFLAG Erie/Crawford County

Erie Gay News

Lake Erie Derby Dames

LBT Women

Latonia Theatre

PFLAG Butler

Erie Sisters

Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Erie

Community United Church

OUT (Pittsburgh newspaper)

 

There were also many people marching as individuals, as well as a float carrying current and former Miss Eries.

Rally

 

The rally in Perry Square begins at 2 PM and will include speakers and performers. Please check in at the registration table when you arrive in Perry Square. The rally will include a variety of vendors and information booths.

 

Speakers and performers included:

 

Greg Rabb, Openly gay Jamestown City Council President and Councilman at Large

Misty Kall, Miss Erie 2011

Rich McCarty of Equality PA, Greater Erie Alliance for Equality and Community United Church

Chris Wolfe, Erie Idol finalist 2011

Tammie Johnson, 2 term President of ACLU-NWPA

Brian T, singer, also with Pittsburgh Out TV

Jason Landau Goodman, founding Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Student Equality Coalition. The first and only youth-led statewide LGBTQ organization in the nation

Michelle Michaels, Former Miss Erie and Coordinator for FACE Show at Zone

Fiona Hensley, Chair of the Student Network Across Pennsylvania, SNAP, Regional Chair of the Erie-West region for SNAP and President of Queers and Allies at Allegheny College in Meadville, PA.

Diva D’Vyne

 

Games

 

The Dunk a Drag Queen game was very popular! We look forward to making this an annual tradition

Donors

 

Many businesses and organizations gave generously to help support Pride this year. These included

 

AdultMart

Allegheny College Bookstore

BeautiControl

Blue Heron Inn

Body Language

Chicory Hill Herbs

Coca-Cola/Erie

Country Fair

Craze Night Club

Crime Victim Center of Erie County

Douglas Kolcun

Drenched Fur

Earthshine Company

Eerie Horror Film Festival

emma's revolution

Erie Book Store

Erie County Democratic Party

Erie County Department of Health

Erie Playhouse

Erie Seawolves

Erie Sisters

Erie Spine and Wellness

Family United Counseling

Gaudenzia / SHOUT Outreach

Giant Eagle - Buffalo Road

Glass Growers

Good Health Rejuvenation

Greater Erie Alliance for Equality, Inc.

Hal Leonard Performing Arts Publishing Group

Hollywood Stories

Horomanski's DJ'ing Services

JR's Last Laugh

Kensington Books

La bella

Larese Floral Design

LBT Women

Lion's Den Adult Super Store

MLR Books

Pennsylvania Coaltion to End Homelessness

Pie in the Sky Cafe

Presque Isle Gallery Coffeehouse

Sam's Club

Shakira Nakelle's Mementos, Gifts & More

Silk Screen Unlimited

Smith's Hot Dogs

State Farm Insurance Agent Natalie Braddock

Tanglez Hair and Nail Studio

The Ringbearer

Tops Friendly Markets - W 38th St

Wegman's- Peach St

Wendy's of Erie

Zone Dance Club

 

Committee Members & Volunteers

 

Many people from the committee worked hard to make the day enjoyable for everyone! Committee members included

 

Season

Chris

Preston

Mark H

Erin Moll

Amy

Sue McCabe

Alex

Jeff H

John Daly King

Kerry

 

In addition to the committee members, volunteers included:

 

Kevin Schultz

Dok

Johauna

Wanda

Bob H

Eric Rogers

Maria S.

Deb Spilko

Brian

 

Info Tables & Vendors

 

Info tables included:

 

Adagio Health

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), NWPA Chapter

Community United Church

Crime Victim Center of Erie County

Equality Pennsylvania

Erie County Democratic Party

Erie County Human Relations Commission

Erie Gay News

Erie Sisters

Lake Erie Derby Dames

LBT Women

Pennsylvania Student Equality Coalition

PFLAG Erie/Crawford County

SafeNet Center

United Way of Erie County

Voices for Independence

 

Vendors included

 

BeautiControl

Book Merchant

Christopher's Novelty Gifts

Shakira Nakelle's Mementos, Gifts & More

 

Collecting Food

 

We collected 23 pounds of food for the Second Harvest Food Bank of NW PA.

The Art of Investment: William Stone Images & Beyond

 

In the heart of the contemporary art realm lies a unique space, imbued with sophistication and a touch of the avant-garde – enter the ethereal world of William Stone Images. Reflecting the style of an article from The New York Times, this space isn't merely about the aesthetic, but it's about transforming monetary support into something that goes beyond the visual.

 

Discovering Beauty and Empowerment

 

Whether you're an art connoisseur or someone new to the world of fine art prints, William Stone Images wsimages.com/ presents a delightful gallery of fine art photography prints and opulent wall art. Each piece, exclusive in nature, invites viewers to explore depths beyond the canvas and the lens, provoking thoughts of beauty, vision, and perhaps, financial acumen.

 

Yet, William Stone Images isn't merely about capturing moments or showcasing beauty. It's about creating an impact in the real world, making tangible differences in the lives of budding entrepreneurs and burgeoning Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Investing in art here is, intriguingly, an investment in the future of innovation.

 

The Act of Investing: More Than Money

 

The act of contributing or donating towards WSImages is emblematic of a grander vision. By directing your investment to RR MEDIA LIMITED, you become part of an ambitious project. This is not just about international payments being processed, but about fuelling the trajectory of SMEs, ushering in an era where they aren’t just surviving, but thriving.

 

Even a modest contribution via this link buy.stripe.com/28o8zHgmf0dO8dW5ko can set powerful wheels in motion. Such gestures, minute or grand, infuse life into enterprises, granting them the stability and assurance they need to innovate, hire, and prosper.

 

Why Join This Artistic Revolution?

 

In the intricate dance between art and commerce, William Stone Images strikes a harmonious chord. From the stunning visual tales on Flickr to the glimpses of events immortalised at randrphotographs.com - randrphotographs.com/ , there's an unceasing pulse of creativity here.

 

Moreover, the allure of discounted luxury art beckons at this clearance section - www.wsimages.com/clearance/, ensuring that beauty is accessible to many. Each dispatched piece carries with it the William Stone promise: of impeccable quality, enduring allure, and a lifetime of pride.

 

For those curious about the tools and techniques making these masterpieces possible, the equipment section - www.wsimages.com/about/ at wsimages reveals secrets. It's not just about having the best camera or lens. It's about understanding the myriad ways in which light interacts with these tools, producing breathtaking results.

 

Additionally, in a world increasingly moving towards digitisation, their services extend beyond the lens. Dive into their web offerings at cloudstands.com - cloudstands.com/, and you'll find another testament to their versatility.

 

In Conclusion

 

William Stone Images is more than a gallery or a photographic service; it's a movement. As art and entrepreneurship blend seamlessly here, your investment becomes a bridge between vision and reality. Every penny, every gesture, doesn’t just purchase beauty, but fosters growth.

 

Intrigued? Ready for the next chapter? The world of William Stone awaits. Join us, and let’s redefine what it means to invest in art, beauty, and progress.

 

Are you searching for that one captivating piece of art that resonates with your soul? Look no further! Our stunning photo product embodies the essence of quality, appeal, and unique value that you won't find elsewhere. Images here are been intentionally lowered in quality. They've been reduced from around 90MB to 350K for display purposes only.

 

- Quality and Appeal: Our photo product is not just a picture; it's a masterpiece. Immerse yourself in its exquisite details, vibrant colours, and captivating composition. Feel the emotions it evokes, and let its aesthetic charm brighten your life.

 

- Unique Value: What sets our photo product apart? It's not just pixels on paper; it's a story, a memory, a moment frozen in time. Discover the magic of its uniqueness. With each glance, you'll unearth hidden layers of beauty that make it unlike any other photo you've seen.

 

- Storytelling: This photo is more than ink on paper; it's a narrative waiting to be explored. Dive into the world behind the lens, and let the photo's context, inspiration, and story enchant you. Every detail has a purpose; every frame tells a tale.

 

- Customer Testimonials: Don't take our word for it; hear what our delighted customers have to say. They've found not just a photo but a piece of their heart. Read their stories, and you'll understand why this photo is a treasure.

 

- Limited Time Offers: Act now to seize the opportunity! For a limited time, we're offering an exclusive discount on this extraordinary art-on-the-wall product. Don't miss your chance to own a piece of art that will grace your life for years to come.

 

- Customization: Make it truly yours! Choose from a range of print sizes and formats to suit your space and style. Tailor it to fit your vision and create a one-of-a-kind masterpiece.

 

- Social Proof: Our photo product has received accolades, been featured in prestigious publications, and earned its place in exhibitions. It's not just a art-on-the-wall; it's a recognized work of art.

 

- Transparent Pricing: We believe in honesty and fairness. Our pricing model is clear and straightforward. You'll know exactly what you're getting, with no hidden costs.

 

- Responsive Customer Service: Your satisfaction is our priority. Our dedicated team is here to assist you at every step of the journey. Have a question? Need assistance? We're just a message away.

 

- Licensing Options: Whether it's for personal use, commercial projects, or exclusive rights, we offer flexible licensing options to cater to your specific needs.

 

Don't wait to add this exceptional art-on-the-wall product to your collection. It's not just a purchase; it's an investment in a piece of art that will continue to inspire and captivate you. Act now, and let the beauty of visual art enhance your world.

 

[www.wsimages.com]

 

Unlock the magic of visual storytelling today!

 

Please do qoute the unique reference below.

WS-117-231372145-192834237-4731563-2642024192314

Follow My Facebook: AJ Hége Photography

 

Follow my Instagram

 

Check out the New Source Article on theArt Village of Mt. Dora: Artist Spotlight

I have a new article out in AEON magazine, about the evolution of large and small animals, especially fishes. The article also features my underwater photographs (though not teh cover photo, which is by Koichi Shibukawa).

 

aeon.co/ideas/is-bigger-always-better-or-will-the-tiny-in...

diningwithdana: Black Royalty in the Now Next Wednesday Dining with Dana will be covering “Rococoa”, discussing black royalty in the niche subculture and the importance it holds today. Join in on Wednesday 14th in The Scene! First picture by Fabiola Jean-Louis, Rewriting History Rococoa and the Frivolous Fro (article) 2nd photo is fashion photography afaik, ‘Black and White’ by Robert Flammier (German, I believe, so perhaps I’m limited by language on this one) The 3rd photo is also one of Fabiola Jean-Louis’s paper dresses, although I don’t recognize the specific photograph. Fourth photo is hard to find source for because I think it’s possibly been cropped at some point, but ended up in some odd places Fifth Photo is from Kehinde Wiley’s Economy of Grace: www.thecut.com/2015/02/kehinde-wiley-spring-portfolio.html 6th photo I believe may have been someone’s personal Halloween or reenactment costume based of of the character Calypso from Pirates of the Caribbean (and ended up posted on Pinterest at some point) 7th photo is Jimmy Jean-Louis & Aïssa Maïga in ‘Toussaint Louverture’ (2012) The last photo is “Elegance” by PorcelainPoet on DeviantArt if anyone knows more accurate sources for #2, #4, and #6, feel free to add them!

Photos and article by Will Thomas

 

THANK YOU FOR YOUR BIG WORK!

 

HORNBY ISLAND 350

 

Remarks delivered by Will Thomas to islanders at the 350 event on Hornby Island, at the edge of the Pacific in British Columbia, Canada:

 

(Namaste to ocean and audience) Thanks to Rudy and those who helped organize and advertise this event. And blessings to each one of you for showing up. Because the first rule for change is: You have to show up. Thanks to you, on this crucial day in Earth's history Hornby's voice won't be left out of the biggest global uprising in modern times.

 

What I want to know is, why does "350" look like "SOS"?

 

I'm just a simple sailor. But a threatened sea level rise of 40 feet within the next few decades commands my full attention. For I've found that nothing focuses a sailor faster than suddenly finding yourself in rising water up to your knees!

 

When it comes to displaced populations, drowned croplands and waste dumps - a three-foot sea level rise is considered catastrophic.

 

We're talking about a slow-motion tsunami that does not recede.

 

For me, the words "Climate Change" have already jumped from abstract numbers to heart-wrenching reality. As I speak, an atoll named Ulithi - where we called in Micronesia and whose gentle people adopted my mate and I - is preparing to evacuate in advance of rising seas. At least 350 other atolls are on the endangered list.

 

Mother Ocean is a strict and powerful teacher. If you are a land person, you can write her poems and think you love her. If you are a sailor you can respect and fear her. But you cannot argue with the ocean that covers three-quarters of this planet.

 

I've learned that onboard a small boat a thousand miles from nearest land, there are no distractions. Feedback is immediate. Everything counts. You have to pay attention.

 

That night on the equator, still a week out of the Marquesas, we could have lost the mast when the starboard shroud gave way. Thea was on watch. When her shout woke me, I did not respond, "I'll be up in a while, dear. Let me just see if there's another beer in the fridge and what's on TV."

 

At sea aboard a 31-foot plywood trimaran there is no fridge, no beer, no television and no bullshit. There is only the wind in your face and breaking seas three-eighths of an inch from your bum.

 

DENIAL IS NOT AN OPTION.

 

During that eight year voyage, every night when I was asleep off-watch, my life was in Thea's hands.

 

Today, my future is in your hands. Just as your future is in mine. And the lives of every creature in every generation to come will depend on the choices each one of us makes right now in the carbon we help burn - or not - in the products we buy, reuse, recycle or reject because we don't need them more than life.

 

After all, aren't we all crewmembers onboard a spacecraft orbiting a small star in the backwaters of a minor galaxy? Since our space colony is surrounded by the cold irradiated vacuum of deep space - and since our best instruments have detected no other habitable planets out to 20,000 light years - and since the waters are rising as our children look to us with trust in their eyes - the Big Question is:

 

What are we going to do after this gathering? Because onboard this ark we call Earth, there are no lifeboats.

 

So thank you for showing up today and taking part in the biggest mass "upwising" in history. More than 5,000 events in 181 nations, from Antarctica to Afghanistan show once again that people everywhere can act without waiting for irrelevant governments and mass media sold out to short-sighted corporate interests.

 

Joanna Macy calls this "The Great Turning".

 

The Great Turning defends the Earth wherever lives - and I don't mean just human lives - are threatened. The Great Turning addresses the political and social causes of this emergency and creates practical, life-enhancing alternatives.

 

Most of all, the Great Turning is about changing our minds and taking immediate action to reduce our own carbon footprint to something as light as the seagull tracks on this beach washed away by the next cleansing tide.

 

In Tahiti, Captain Cook had a problem. His seamen were removing the iron spikes from their ship and trading them for the favors of the vahines ashore. Tahitian women are truly stunning. But Cook's crew was picking their ship to bits. They had to stop.

 

Piece by piece, we are removing the spikes from our own spaceship: eroding our solar radiation shielding, removing and contaminating our air and water scrubbers, killing off unseen creatures who are really no further away than our next heartbeat and breath. And most of us are not making love with beautiful Tahitian ladies.

 

Once again, the call is: "ALL HANDS ON DECK!"

 

And while we're busy manning the pumps, it might be prudent to start acting as if the living ecologies that sustain us and every other soul onboard matter more than below decks entertainment, conveniences and distractions.

 

Because, my sisters and brothers, this Earth is our mother. And it's tough to live on a planet like Mars.

 

Forget 2012. Transformation is not a magic trick. Like any voyage of discovery, it requires attention to right action. And every inconvenient choice you make will have Gaia's blessing and protection. If you doubt that - just look at the weather today!

 

So let's focus on each decision we make as energy users and consumers. Go to my website - willthomasonline.net - and learn how you can live happier and healthier - and personally save thousands of trees and hundreds of thousands of gallons of water by installing an inexpensive bidet available online from Toronto.

 

The next time you find yourself with your car key in your hand, ask yourself: Is this trip to Ford Cove for another bag of chips really necessary? Could I share a ride with someone? Could I take my bike - or my electric bike - instead?

 

And the next time you prepare to light your woodstove, think about not just your family's health and the carbon about to be released from that firebox.

 

Consider also how its soot will eventually end up on the Arctic icecap, along with particulates from your car's exhaust, trapping sunlight and melting that ice a little bit faster. Or slower, if you choose more insulation and clean hydro-electric heat instead.

 

Look around you. These are your friends and neighbors. These are your fellow crewmembers. If you want to follow up on this event, why not attend the next Hornby Crop Circle? Check The Grapevine for the time of our next meeting. It's soon.

 

We meet occasionally to share yummy potlucks, organize our community garden and discuss how this island might become more resilient in the face of Climate Change & Peak Oil. As one participant put it, "It's as much about building a community as it is about building a garden."

 

By coming together with our concerns and our commitment, we manage to feel less freaked out - and really good - at the same time.

 

Why?

 

Because the Good News is we're coming together all over this planet. When you get home, click on 350.org for snapshots of this paradigm-changing event from around the world. Your tears will be of joy.

 

It looks like we're starting to get the lessons we've so persistently arranged for ourselves.

 

THE SHIFT HAS TRULY HIT THE FAN!

 

It's time for each one of us - and for this community acting together - to become the leaders we've been waiting for!

 

Let's get on it. Remember, it's always a good idea to keep your ship together. And when it comes to Climate Shift and sea level rise.

 

It's always better to be at the table than on the menu.

 

Thank you.

The Orion service module test article is installed in the Reverberant Acoustic Test Facility at NASA’s Plum Brook Station in Sandusky, Ohio. The blue structure sitting on top of the test article is a mass simulator that represents the Orion crew module.

 

The test exposed the article to sound pressure and vibration to simulate the intense sounds the Orion service module will be subjected to during launch and ascent into space atop the agency’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. This is part of a series of tests to verify the structural integrity of Orion’s service module for Artemis I, the spacecraft’s first flight atop SLS.

 

Credits: NASA

Article complet sur militaryphotoreport.blogspot.fr/2015/02/auf-1-du-40eme-re...

Exposition du 1er au 15 Juin 2012 à Chaouen - Kasbah place Uttah El Hammam

Exhibition from 1st to 15 of June 2012 in Chaouen - At the Kasbah, Place Uttah El Hammam

 

You are all Welcome ,o)