View allAll Photos Tagged arithmetic
First Monarch of the season. Happy to get this one.
Here's a hypothetical ** wink wink ** to think about. Suppose a photographer goes into the field to photograph. He shoots 825 exposures. Comes home and deletes 75 right off the top. Examines the rest, and finds 75 different images good enough for Flickr sharing.
Studying those 75, he selects 25 of particular worth, and puts them in a pending folder.
Now suppose he does this 3-4 times a week, week in and week out, from early spring through late fall. 75-100 'good' photos saved each week. And he uploads one per day to Flickr.
The arithmetic speaks for itself, in this hypothetical situation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nikon D7000. Nikkor 105mm Micro. 1/800th @ F/10. ISO 500. EV = -2/3. WB = auto. Aperture Priority. Single Point AF. Photographed June 28
Island Of Madagascar
Off The East Coast Of Africa
Berenty Reserve
Best Seen In Lightbox-
www.flickr.com/photos/42964440@N08/39601766792/in/photost...
While taking the image of these lemurs, we noticed she was blind in one eye. Our guide told us she got along very well with only one functioning eye.
Wikipedia-
The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of five lemur families, and is the only member of the Lemur genus. Like all lemurs it is endemic to the island of Madagascar. Known locally in Malagasy as maky ([makʲ] , spelled maki in French) or hira, it inhabits gallery forests to spiny scrub in the southern regions of the island. It is omnivorous and the most terrestrial of extant lemurs. The animal is diurnal, being active exclusively in daylight hours.
The ring-tailed lemur is highly social, living in groups of up to 30 individuals. It is also female dominant, a trait common among lemurs. To keep warm and reaffirm social bonds, groups will huddle together. The ring-tailed lemur will also sunbathe, sitting upright facing its underside, with its thinner white fur towards the sun. Like other lemurs, this species relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its territory with scent glands. The males perform a unique scent marking behavior called spur marking and will participate in stink fights by impregnating their tail with their scent and wafting it at opponents.
As one of the most vocal primates, the ring-tailed lemur uses numerous vocalizations including group cohesion and alarm calls. Experiments have shown that the ring-tailed lemur, despite the lack of a large brain (relative to simiiform primates), can organize sequences, understand basic arithmetic operations and preferentially select tools based on functional qualities.
Beginning in 1926, teachers Fred and Cela Sloman, were moved weekly by a Canadian National freight train to a different community between Sudbury and Timmins, Ontario. Students of varying ages boarded the railcar to be taught reading, writing, and arithmetic as well as childcare, agriculture basics, etc. Students were left with enough homework for a month and the school would move on to a new location in its 240 km northern Ontario schoolyard. The Slomans retired in 1965 . With the advances in technology and easier access to northern communities, the School on Wheels ended its journey in 1967.
Questa è la 29° foto e appartiene al progetto 52 weeks - 4° sett luglio
Platone sembra essere il primo che si riferisce ai quattro elementi, Empedocle che li chiama "radici", Aristotele che li fa diventare 5 che chiamerà "Etere", Pitagora e la sua successione aritmetica, Ippocrate di Coo ha elaborato la teoria umorale fornire un'eziologia per le malattie
L'alchimia, la chimica, l'astrologia
Nell'Ebraismo "Elia e l'Oreb", nel Cristianesimo "Apocalisse di Giovanni", nel pensiero orientale sono 5 "Etero" rappresentati come ai vertici di un pentagramma, nel pensiero hinduista sempre 5 "Etero", Nel pensiero del buddhismo antico "erano alla base per la comprensione della sofferenza, e per la liberazione dell'uomo da essa", Nel pensiero giapponese il 5 è "il vuoto", il pensiero cinese contengano degli elementi come quelli della filosofia Greca Classica
C'è tanto da dire e da sapere, ma la versione di Alfredo Di Prinzio mi è nuova e l'ho trovata molta curiosa
www.astropoli.it/ricerca-spirituale/quattro-elementi.html
Plato seems to be the first that refers to the four elements, which Empedocles called them "roots", Aristotle makes them 5 that called "ether," Pythagoras and his arithmetic progression, Hippocrates humoral theory has developed to provide a ' etiology for diseases
Alchemy, chemistry, astrology
In Judaism "Elijah and Horeb" Christianity "Revelation", in Eastern thought are 5 "Straight" represented as the vertices of a pentagram, in Hindu thought always 5 "Straight," In thinking of ancient Buddhism " were the basis for understanding suffering and for the liberation of man from it, "The Japanese thought the 5 is" the void ", the Chinese thought to contain elements such as the Classical Greek philosophy
There is so much to say and know, but the version of Alfredo Di Prinzio new to me and I found it very curious
“Science will never be able to reduce the value of a sunset to arithmetic. Nor can it reduce friendship or statesmanship to a formula.”
~Dr. Louis Orr
***
Hello my friends :)
Another photo from my short trip to this beach. After waiting for a little while, finally the sunset colors start to shows and it was beautiful. Here is one of the moment that I manage to shot during that time.
Enjoy the view guys :)
***
View it Large by pressing L in your keyboard
1Exp | f16| 5 Sec | ISO100
...........................................................................
Interested with my images?
Contact me via : BiysBugs@Gmail.Com or Enquiry@syibli.com
All rights reserved.Copyright © Syibli
All images are exclusive property and should not be copied, downloaded or any other use without expressed, written permission of the photographer.
...........................................................................
Follow Me:
Chapter heading from the First Book in Arithmetic, 1888, Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square. Early infographics for the math-challenged.
Six century A.D. The font was dedicated to St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, martyred by the emperor Valerian in 258. P. 31 in: GRANT, Michael (1981). Dawn of the Middle Ages. Bracken Books, London. ISBN 1 85170 079 X
---
Quadralectic Architecture - Marten Kuilman (2011). pp. 61 - 68:
2.4. Baptisteria
The architecture of the baptistery, as a location for the baptismal rite, has a specific significance within the history of building. In ancient times the term was related to a basin, pool or other place of bathing. The (Latin) term baptisterium pointed originally to a vessel, which contained water for baptism. A circular bath at Pompeii also carried the name of baptisterium as given by Pliny. The earliest extant baptistery was found in the Roman catacombs. In the Early Christian Church, the meaning included both the baptismal font and the building in which it was placed. This building could be either outside the main church, attached to the church in an adjoining room or part of the main hall.
The act of baptism is a sacrament, which is widely used in a number of beliefs. The inauguration by water is an old custom, with a very elementary human background. It can be expected that the form of the building, in which such a sacrament took place, reflected that elementary character. The baptisteries are - in a general way - related to fountains, but their function has a more sacred connotation. The ecclesiastical writer Tertullian, born probably 160 AD at Carthage, gave in his treatise ‘On Baptism’ the outlines of the baptismal rite: ‘Happy is our sacrament of water, in that, by washing away the sins of our early blindness, we are set free and admitted into eternal life’. And he continued in Chapter III: ‘Water was the first to produce that which had life, that it might be no wonder in baptism if waters know how to give life.’
The Empedocletian element water is the fourth and last undividable unit in the sequence fire, air, earth and water. Our present (quadralectic) interpretation places the element of water in the Fourth Quadrant, paying a tribute to the multiplicity of the visible. Water is always related to quantity and often to movement as well. From a biological point of view, the watery is our primeval environment. We are born in the all-embracing presence of fluid, even before air could feed our lungs. Therefore, our invisible roots are closely related to water, and the act of baptism is just a remembrance of that early stage.
The architecture of baptisteries and fonts often had a symbolic meaning, which was expressed – probably more than in other forms of building - in a numerological language.
DAVIES (1962) studied the architectural setting of baptism and noted that the earliest baptisteries of the third and fourth centuries were square or rectangular, with or without an apse at one end. They can be found in Egypt, Greece, North Africa, Palestine and Syria and persisted until the seventh century. In other areas, like France and Italy, the quadrilateral outline changed into a round or octagonal plan from the middle of the fifth century onward. About four hundred of these baptisteries of the Early Church, dated from the third to the seventh century, are known (KHATCHATRIAN, 1962).
The history of the Lateran baptistery in Rome reflects these modifications upon a single site (fig. 42). The original baptistery from the early fourth century had a square outline. It was enlarged around 350 AD and transformed into a circle with eight columns along its interior walls. The structure became known as the Constantinian baptistery. A pronaos or porch was added in 432-440 AD under the inspiration of Pope Sixtus III and the circle was changed into an octagon. A domical vault covered the centre room until 1632. The building became an example for many similar round, cylindrical halls or octagonal buildings.
Fig. 42 – The baptistery of St. John Lateran in Rome was one of the earliest on record, dating from the first decade of the fourth century. The baptistery acted – after several modifications - as an example for similar structures. The original structure was square. The transformation to the Constantinian baptistery of the middle fourth century added circular elements and Sixtus III introduced the octagonal in the years 432 – 440 AD.
Eight is the first cubic number (2³) and - according to Martianus Capella - just like the number six a complete number. The number eight has this property both in a geometrical and arithmetical sense. Already the early Christians used an octagonal font because it pointed to resurrection and eternity. Gregory the Great knew the eastern symbolic meaning of eight as a connection with eternity (‘Moralia’, XXXV, viii, 17) (LADNER, 1992, p. 104). There is, for this very reason, a close relationship (in architectural treatment) between baptisteries, martyria and funerary monuments. It was on the eighth day that Jesus rose from the dead and ascended to heaven. The theme of death and resurrection was related to baptismal regeneration.
DAVIES (1962) noted a development in the building of baptisteries, although with regional exceptions, from an initial square (quadrilateral) plan (fourth century) to an intermediate circular shape and finally (in the fifth century) to an octagonal outlay. This development was particular visible in Italy and (southern) France. The quadrilateral form remained almost unchanged in Greece and its islands (Samos, Paros, Rhodes, and Cos). Asia Minor, Syria and Palestine followed the Hellenistic trend and preferred the square or rectangular form.
Robin Margaret JENSEN (1997) noted that most of the extant examples of baptismal architecture in North Africa dated from the fifth, sixth, and seventh centuries. ‘Some scholars have suggested that certain shapes are characteristic of particular chronological periods, and that font shapes generally progress from square or rectangular to round, hexagonal, cruciform, and finally poly-lobed.’ However, there are notable exceptions to this scheme. Jensen concluded that such a chronological development of font style is hard to establish in North African baptisteries.
The font from Kélibia (Northeast Tunisia, near Cap Bon), as described by Jensen, is a perfect example of architecture, in which decorative and symbolic images are inspired by four-fold themes. DAVIES (1962) gave a photo of this font as Plate I in his book (fig. 43). The font is divided into four segments (referring to the four rivers of paradise or the four gospels). The top of the font has a four-part inscription. The first band has four primary images (dove, cross, ark, chalice), the second register also has four central images (small fish beneath a dolphin) and four different trees separate the pictures. The different trees represent the four seasons: date palm (spring), olive (winter), fig (summer) and apple (autumn). The third band consists of white crowns and in the basin of the font is the Christogram with the alpha and omega.
Fig. 43 – The quatrefoil font in the baptistery at Kélibia in Tunisia, dating from the sixth century, developed from the cruciform font.
---
p. 67: There are very few circular or polygonal buildings in Italy belonging to the Gothic age. Baptisteries had apparently passed out of fashion, at least in the southern countries around the Mediterranean. The northern island of Gotland (Sweden) saw a thriving activity. The manufacturing of (octagonal) fonts was a major industry here. The fonts were exported to surrounding regions in the Baltic area (Denmark, Sweden and Germany) from the twelfth to the fourteenth century. ‘Nowhere else in western Europe is there such a concentration of richly carved Romanesque fonts in such a reduced geographical area’. DRAKE (2002) gave a recent overview of Romanesque fonts in Northern Europe and Scandinavia with many illustrations.
The baptismal fonts are at present subject to a worldwide investigation, as initiated by the University of Toronto (Canada) (Baptisteria Sacra. An Iconographic Index of Baptismal Fonts). The distribution of fonts in place and time might reveal interesting clues with regards to the use of a particular imagery and its associated type of division thinking. The University of Copenhagen (Denmark) contributes to this project by tracking the history of stone carving on the Swedish island of Gotland, which included the manufacturing of fonts.
The history of baptisteries, with its devotion to the round, hexagonal and octagonal form, shows that a certain symbolic-numerological intention can survive over a long period of time. It has been known that the ‘original’ octagonal shape was directly derived from the Roman caldarium or ‘cold room’ as part of the Roman bath system. The relation between form and function found its way into the Christian belief in a natural way. The baptisteries became the holy places of the washing (of sins) and turned the original (Roman-pagan) ‘cold room’ into a place of worship.
The relative prominence (in Europe and adjacent areas) in the fourth to the six century AD and later in the twelfth and early thirteenth century points to a certain disposition with regards to geometric design. The former period of prominence might have a relation to the visible part of the Fourth Quadrant of the Roman cultural period (125 – 500 AD). It is a common phenomenon, that the emphasis on numbers, and numerology in general, increases towards the end of a cultural cycle. A four-fold mind – with its knowledge of multiple division thinking – often ends up in an attention to numbers the very moment it tries to translate its ideas into reality.
The second predominance of geometrical baptisteries was related to the visibility process of Europe-as-a-cultural entity. Its presence was related to the frantic building of churches and cathedrals all over Europe from the beginning of the twelfth century onward. The search for identity, so powerful initiated some three hundred years earlier by Charlemagne, had to look for examples of the past to measure its own understanding. The geometrical design was just such a point of recognition. It had been present for several ages, but regained a new meaning on the road to visible visibility (of the Third Quadrant, 1200 – 1800).
The ‘old’ baptisteries enjoyed a new period of attention. The Baptistery of Florence, probably dating from the eleventh century as a reconstruction of a fifth-century baptistery, became a Gesammtkunstwerk in its own right. Andrea Pisana made the south door of gilded bronze (in 1336). The shape of the tables in the north and south doors of the Baptistery had a strong tetradic undertone with their cadre of a tilted square and four circles (quatrefoil). Lorenzo Ghiberti produced the north and east door (in 1427 and 1452). The latter door is known as ‘del Paradiso’, consisting of ten panels with scenes from the Paradise – the originals are now in the Museo dell’ Opera del Duomo’. The mosaics of the baptistery were completed between 1266 and the early fourteenth century by Venetian artists with a Byzantine education. The Italian sculptor Lorenzo Ottoni (1658 – 1736) executed the decorations of the chapel of the Baptisterium and transformed the inside in a magnificent piece of art.
The search for identity picked up again after some relative meager years in the late thirteenth and fourteenth century in a cultural movement known as the Renaissance. The geometric design had lost its innocence by that time and became part of a deliberate way of expression. The visibility of a plan gained the overhand over the rather vague intentions and notions of earlier medieval projects. Renaissance architects and artists knew what they were doing, while their illustrious predecessors were just doing their job. The difference seems only slight, but is crucial in terms of judgment.
The history of baptisteries continued up to modern times. The detached baptisteries (like many examples in Italy) were abandoned and the font came to be placed within the church itself. Adult baptism was much less practiced and the new candidates for baptism were mainly children. Financial aspects became important and a system of appropriations delayed the universal entrance of the font into the church. The font was often only found in the abbey church.
Reformation (in particular Calvinism) and Puritanism (in England) had their influence upon the architectural setting of baptism. Fonts were moved (often to the east end of the church) to make a place for the central setting of the pulpit and the Word of God. Fonts were designed along traditional lines, i.e. a large quatrefoil with stem and square base. The size of the bowl was diminished, since affusion and aspersion became the rule. After the Restoration, the basin was retained in many churches.
This limited overview of baptisteries in Europe pointed to a preference of the geometrical design (square, quadrilateral, round, hexagonal or octagonal). The special place and function of the (Christian) baptistery can be traced back to the Roman (pagan) baths, in particular the caldarium, which found in the six- and eight-walled room a symbolic and practical place for togetherness. This continuation of (numerological) symbolism from the Fourth Quadrant of the visibility period of the Roman cultural history into the Second and Third Quadrant of the European cultural history is a good example of the search for identity based on division thinking throughout the ages.
The Urform of the eight-fold plan is the result of two squares, moving around a common centre point and are turned over an angle of forty-five degrees. These elements (two four-divisions and a shift) are the very building stones of a quadralectic communication, which consists of two four-division moving along each other in a linear way. The octagonal can be seen as a ‘simplified’ form of a tetradic interaction from one central point, whereas the quadralectic interaction has two central points, belonging to the different contributants of the communication (the Large and Small Part). The sense of eternal (cyclic) movement along lines of a four-division is essential in both types of communications.
The element of water – with its affinity to the visible invisibility of the Fourth Quadrant – fits in smoothly within the context of the octagonal symbolism. This mythical bond might explain why the architectural design had such a remarkable perseverance.
Bibl.:
DAVIES, J. Gordon (1962). The Architectural Setting of Baptism. Barrie and Rockliff, London.
DRAKE, C.S. (2002). The Romanesque Fonts of Northern Europe and Scandinavia. The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk. ISBN 0-85115-854-4
JENSEN, Robin Margaret (1997). Womb, Tomb, and Garden. The Symbolism of the North African Baptismal Fonts. Andover Newton Theological School. American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting, November, 1997. divinity.library.vanderbilt.edu/burns/chroma/baptism/jens...
KHATCHATRIAN, A. (1962). Les baptistères paléochrétiens. Plans, notices et bibliographie. Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris. Librairie C. Klincksieck, Paris.
– (1971). L’Architecture arménienne du IVe au VI siècles. Klincksieck, Paris.
LADNER, Gerhart B. (1955). St. Gregory of Nyssa and St. Augustine on the symbolism of the cross. In: WEITZMAN, Kurt (Ed.) (1955). Late Classical and mediaeval Studies in Honor of Albert Mathias Friend Jr. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. LC 55-5009
– (1992). Handbuch der frühchristlichen Symbolik. Gott, Kosmos, Mensch. Belser Verlag, Stuttgart. ISBN 3-7630-2078-0
See also: quadralectics.wordpress.com/2-tranquility/2-4-baptisteria/
“Jolly Number Tales, Book Two” by Guy Buswell, William Brownell, and Lenore John. Illustrated by Florence J. Hoopes and Margaret C. Hoopes. Ginn and Co., who copyrighted in 1937 and 1938. “A number storybook to be used both as a reader and as an aid in number work.”
Carte de visite by Mathew B. Brady of Washington, D.C. Rev. Sullivan Hardy Weston, pictured here as chaplain of the 7th New York State Militia, delivered a sermon in the House of Representatives at the U.S. Capitol on Sunday, April 28, 1861. The date is noteworthy. The two weeks leading up to his appearance inside the hallowed halls of the seat of government had been a whirlwind of head-spinning events: The bombardment of Fort Sumter, mobilization of troops on both sides of the divided country, and the rush of first-responding Union regiments to protect Washington, D.C.
It is against this backdrop that Weston, a 44-year-old Episcopal minister, preached a powerful sermon that echoed familiar themes of duty, country and God—and an urgency of the unfolding crisis.
“We are living in eventful times. Our National Capital is echoing with the tramp of armed men, and the glorious sunlight flashes back from thousands of glittering bayonets. ‘Grim-visaged war’ is upon us; and yesterday, on yon grassy field, a thousand ready right hands were raised to Heaven; a thousand willing voices rung out on the still air, pledged to sustain the Constitution of our common country.”
Weston goes on to make a Biblical argument for just war. “Christ did not limit the application to war. He did not qualify—He said in general terms, resist not evil. If, then, we may not war in self-defense of our country; if we may not resist evil by the sword, we may not by law, therefore, all legislative, judicial, and executive action against evil, is forbidden according to this interpretation.”
The reverend also acknowledges what war is. “My brethren, it cannot be denied, war is a tremendous evil. It has been the scourge of men since the primal, eldest curse, a brother’s hand was thicker than itself with brother’s blood. It appeals to the worst principles—arouses all the worst passions of the human heart. It throws Christianity back centuries. Language is powerless to paint its horrors.”
Weston accurately predicted future events when he noted, “Human arithmetic is impotent to cast the aggregate of the woes it entails. Blighted credit, ruined commerce, sacked cities, devastated fields, hospitals crowded with the maimed, battle-fields strewn with the slain, and lamentations of grief from the bereaved at home, who mourn their unreturning brave.”
The reverend continued, “But their are calamities still more disastrous to humanity and truth than even war. ‘It is necessary I should die for my country,’ said a patriot, ‘it is not necessary to live.’ It is a dreadful alternative.”
Weston concludes, “Before Heaven, we believe our cause a righteous one, and, therefore, on bended knee, we dare invite the aid of the God of Battles. To that contest, for a time, you have solemnly pledged yourselves. You know what is expected of you.”
Towards the end of his sermon, Weston connected individual sacrifice to regimental pride when he stated, “Let it be your pride to hear the exclamation, there goes one of the National Guard. I can pledge myself your title will be no misnomer, you will be a national guard. You need no Senate to warn you to ‘take care the republic receives no harm.’ Let your country, and whole country, be dearer to you than life or home. You are from the Empire city of the Empire State. Your speaker drew his first breath in Maine. I am proud of my native State, as you are of yours; but the insignia that burns on her escutcheon, ‘Dirigo,’ is lost in the effulgent blaze of ‘E Pluribus Unum.’ So, even, ‘Excelsior’ fades before its light, as stars go out with the rising sun.”
Weston campaigned twice with the 7th during the Civil War and went on to serve his parish and Trinity Church in New York City. His 1887 obituary honored him for his many deeds during his decades of work—and mentioned the sermon quoted here.
In 1861, photographs by Mathew Brady’s studios in New York and Washington, D.C., immortalized the regiment. The images, including the cartes de visite here, are among the most artistic studio and camp scenes of the war. Most came from two albums purchased in a Baltimore bookstore by famed photo collector Herb Peck in 1971. Peck later sold them to a New Jersey collector. Through the years, the albums were broken up, and the images sold individually.
I encourage you to use this image for educational purposes only. However, please ask for permission.
Kansas---early one room school for 8 grades... One teacher.
Author Avis Carlson, in her book, Small World Long Gone, illustrates the quality of education around 1907 for the first 8-grades-------in a building such as these.
I will give you one of several examples in the book of qualifying test questions:
"Two of arithmetic's ten questions asked us to find the interest on an eight-per-cent note for $900 running 2 years, 2 months, 6 days..." !!!!
And, they diagrammed sentences from Shakespeare!!:: "There is a tide in the affairs of men, which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune" as an example.
And, further, they were pronounce and give the meaning of such words as: "zenith, deviated, coliseum, panegyric, Spartan, talisman, eerie, Triton, crypt......"
On an on....
Avis passed the 8th grade qualifying test at 11 years, 8 months of age.... !!!!!!!!!! [Her book: ISBN 0-911694-00-5]
To Continue:
HISTORY: All states in America settled under the Northwest Ordinance had Townships of 36 sections, each 1-square mile is size, for the exclusive use of the common schools. These schools were constructed on sections numbered 16 and 36 on the survey maps. Those two sections were owned by the schools. Income form the land help fund those learning centers
Walking from other sections was considered reasonable distance for children!
I suspect they would have to have spent, at most, an hour or so walking to and from school.
Realize that is less than kids now spend on buses. And those former kids did not suffer from obesity. Is this progress....?????
HISTORY---continued.
In Kansas the school issue was codified as Article 1 our Constitution. I find that significant--the very FIRST item!!! IMPORTANT perhaps?!
Previous to that, the Northwest Ordinance, which was the Federal Government's legal instrument to create states, designated sections 16 and 36 for the common schools.
These sections were to help fund the cost of schools, and were to be for the 'EXCLUSIVE' use of those schools.
If the land was sold, at least in the Kansas, another piece of land, of equal value, had to be purchased with the proceeds of the sale--for 'perpetual' use for the schools.....
That did NOT happen.................................. READ ON......
America's education system is in trouble... it has moved from "learning" to "feelings".
By all standards of modern testing, current high school students know less than they did 100 years ago.
The 8th-grade in 1907 was the equivalent to a 2015 high school diploma, and more...!
TO REVIEW WHAT WAS STATED INITIALLY:
Sample questions from a Kansas school from 1907 for 8th grade qualifying:
Math--'find the interest on an 8% note for $900 running 2 years', 2 months, 6 days;...
English--analyze and diagram -[Shakespeare!]: '"There is a tide in the affairs of men, which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune."' There are others.
Avis Carlson passed the test at 11 years 8 months of age. The school from which she graduated was similar to this building, one room for 8 grades and one teacher.
[Source of quotes: Small World Long Gone by Avis Carlson, ISBN 0-911694-00-5, pg. 83. ]
---------------------
Addendum: This building has been razed.
This may be one of the last photos of this school in such a dilapidated state. It probably has not been used for decades.
REALIZE the Ordinance stated the two sections were for the purpose of funding schools ownership was 'Perpetual' for the common schools.
In Kansas, due to 'politics', the 16/36 sections were eventually sold, and several years ago all the funds were put into Kansas teachers retirement fund [KPERS] as the 'employers' contribution.
The land, therefore, is not, in perpetuity, FOR aiding in the funding of student education in Kansas. It is for the teachers.
Now school lobbyists are clamoring for more cash, usually for infrastructure. But modern NEA [a lobby] schools are not delivering anything close to the quality of student the meager building above produced.
Most school expenditures are for real estate, feeding children that should be fed by parents, and transporting them to and from school. I call this 'nanny' government instead of rugged individualism. The call for 'equality' violates the bigger reason for America, FREEDOM to exercise, or not, our talents as children and as adults.
In a word, SOCIALISM. This political philosophy has NOT worked any place on the planet.
Paul Johnson's NY Times Book of the Year, Modern Times, makes the statement that 125 million people died unnatural deaths, world-wide, between 1920 and 1990 due to socialism.
Controlling education is the way to change a culture. That is exactly what has, and is, happening.
How such machinations occur is beyond me.
I guess voters are asleep, really asleep.
I guess politicians don't read fundamental law.
In sum, politics stinks but the REAL FAULT LIES WITH THE PEOPLE. WE ARE INHERITING, GENERATION BY GENERATION, THE LACK OF THE BENEFITS OF FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE. I BELIEVE IT IS BY DESIGN, AND THE MODERN ARCHITECT IS JOHN DEWEY, THE FATHER OF MODERN EDUCATION, WHO WAS A FABIAN SOCIALIST. Look him up for yourself.
NOTE: I have original documents as to these facts for anyone interested. Contact me.
The Mock Turtle
Reeling and Writhing, of course, to begin with, and then the different branches of arithmetic -- Ambition, Distraction, Uglification, and Derision.
Island Of Madagascar
Off The East Coast Of Africa
Berenty Reserve
Wikipedia-
The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of five lemur families, and is the only member of the Lemur genus. Like all lemurs it is endemic to the island of Madagascar. Known locally in Malagasy as maky, spelled maki in French) or hira, it inhabits gallery forests to spiny scrub in the southern regions of the island. It is omnivorous and the most terrestrial of extant lemurs. The animal is diurnal, being active exclusively in daylight hours.
The ring-tailed lemur is highly social, living in groups of up to 30 individuals. It is also female dominant, a trait common among lemurs. To keep warm and reaffirm social bonds, groups will huddle together. The ring-tailed lemur will also sunbathe, sitting upright facing its underside, with its thinner white fur towards the sun. Like other lemurs, this species relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its territory with scent glands. The males perform a unique scent marking behavior called spur marking and will participate in stink fights by impregnating their tail with their scent and wafting it at opponents.
As one of the most vocal primates, the ring-tailed lemur uses numerous vocalizations including group cohesion and alarm calls. Experiments have shown that the ring-tailed lemur, despite the lack of a large brain (relative to simiiform primates), can organize sequences, understand basic arithmetic operations and preferentially select tools based on functional qualities.
Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on oak, 207 x 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London)
Tommy Sheard won the 1923 Senior TT in appalling conditions – helped by local knowledge, Tommy steered his Douglas home to his second TT win in a race marred by the death of J H Veasey at Greeba Bridge. Walter Brandish fell in practice between Creg-ny-Baa and Hillberry breaking his leg – the corner for evermore is named after him, the first corner on the TT course to be named after someone. Tommy’s race average was calculated at 55.55mph over the six lap race.
Wal Handley became the first rider to win two TT’s in a week. Wal’s win in the 1925 Junior on his Rex Acme was at an average speed of 8mph faster than the previous year’s race. This was down to Wal, motorcycle development and the Manx authorities laying down of Tarmac on the entire TT course. Wal’s race average for the Junior race was 65.02 mph for the six lap race (on a smaller capacity machine than Sheards in 1923).
Geoff Duke’s win in the 1955 Senior on his Gilera was bitter – sweet as Duke’s ‘first’ ever 100 mph lap of the course was downgraded to 99.97 mph after revision of the chief timekeeper’s arithmetic. Duke missed out on the historic milestone by less than a second. Bob McIntyre would finally break the 100mph barrier two years later in the 1957 Senior TT also on a Gilera. Geoff’s race average was calculated at 97.93 for the seven lap race.
Peter Williams finally won a TT in the 1973 Formula 750 TT setting the fastest lap of the week (107.27 mph) in the process. Williams’ win was Norton’s first TT race win in twelve years. Peter’s race average was 105.47 mph for the five lap race.
The current record race average was set by Peter Hickman in the 2018 Senior TT when he recorded an average of 131.7 mph over the six lap race on his BMW S 1000 RR. Such is progress.
A set of stamps produced by the Isle of Man Post Office in 1975 using the artwork of John Hobson Nicholson.
The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of five lemur families, and is the only member of the Lemur genus. Like all lemurs it is endemic to the island of Madagascar. Known locally in Malagasy as maky ([makʲ] ( listen), spelled maki in French) or hira, it inhabits gallery forests to spiny scrub in the southern regions of the island. It is omnivorous and the most terrestrial of lemurs. The animal is diurnal, being active exclusively in daylight hours.
The ring-tailed lemur is highly social, living in groups of up to 30 individuals. It is also female dominant, a trait common among lemurs. To keep warm and reaffirm social bonds, groups will huddle together. The ring-tailed lemur will also sunbathe, sitting upright facing its underside, with its thinner white fur towards the sun. Like other lemurs, this species relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its territory with scent glands. The males perform a unique scent marking behavior called spur marking and will participate in stink fights by impregnating their tail with their scent and wafting it at opponents.
As one of the most vocal primates, the ring-tailed lemur uses numerous vocalizations including group cohesion and alarm calls. Experiments have shown that the ring-tailed lemur, despite the lack of a large brain (relative to simiiform primates), can organize sequences, understand basic arithmetic operations and preferentially select tools based on functional qualities.
Despite reproducing readily in captivity and being the most populous lemur in zoos worldwide, numbering more than 2,000 individuals, the ring-tailed lemur is listed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List due to habitat destruction.
A shelf of old school text books. One was mine, a couple were my father's and the rest I acquired from somewhere. They're definitely not to be sniffed at. My favourite is Arithmetic for Schools by J B Lock dated 1899, it has wonderful questions eg.
An officer in India orders a piano in England to be sent carriage paid to Bombay; the price is £121 16s 8d; what will the necessary bills cost, the rate of exchange being 1s 5d?
Should this prove a bit tricky the answer is 1720r
The hereios of the We're Here! group have paid a visit to the Book Sniffers group today.
Stuck for an idea for your daily 365 shot? Join the hereios of the We're Here! group for inspiration.
Free download under CC Attribution (CC BY 4.0). Please credit the artist and rawpixel.com.
Experience this magnificent collection of vintage icons including wild animals, classic vehicles, and victorian skull engravings from several artists. Digitally enhanced and now available in high-resolution printable quality, download your favorites under the CC0 license. They are absolutely free and can be used without any restrictions.
Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: https://www.rawpixel.com/board/539757/public-domain-icons
Strange arithmetic, indeed, where one plus one equals one. In affairs of the heart, the rule of math does not apply.
Two outtakes in the comments. First one has been colour edited.
As promised, I've edited and uploaded another photo from my shoot the other day. I'm oh so very pleased with the positive reception it's received. You guys are the best.
I've said it before, and I'll say it again: I love you Flickr!
Title is from Animal Arithmetic by Jónsi. If you haven't seen this video, do it now. It will make you feel warm and fuzzy on the inside.
“Jolly Number Tales, Book Two” by Guy Buswell, William Brownell, and Lenore John. Illustrated by Florence J. Hoopes and Margaret C. Hoopes. Ginn and Co., who copyrighted in 1937 and 1938. “A number storybook to be used both as a reader and as an aid in number work.”
Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on oak, 207 x 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London)
Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on oak, 207 x 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London)
Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on oak, 207 x 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London)
but they are capable of adding a great deal to the value of everything else :-) Freya Stark
HPPT!!
little theater rose garden, raleigh, north carolina
'We're awfully sorry we had to kill your parents and eat them.Please try to understand. We tigers are not evil.This is just a thing we have to do.'
'All right,' I said. 'And thanks for helping me with my arithmetic.'
"Stoddard's Juvenile Mental Arithmetic, Sheldon & Co., No. 8 Murray Street, New York."
Juvenile Mental Arithmetic, by John F. Stoddard (1825-1873), was first published in the 1850s. This copy probably dates to the 1870s.
The little dragons go to Miss Bright's class in the dungeons of the dragons' castle, because they need to learn how to be good dragons.
The classroom is well equipped, it features:
- a potion cabinet for breathing poisonous fumes
- a gold filled treasure chest for arithmetics and treasureguarding
- a dragon skeleton for anatomy classes
- a cage of mice for princesscapturing (but one has to practice with mice, of course)
- a map for geography classes
The class pet is, of course, a phoenix.
This is my first MOC photographed with my new Panasonic FZ30, and I am very pleased with the results.
Lego-wise, the 1x1 plates with a hole turned out to be very useful for attching things to the ceiling. I wish they come out in colors other than white.
Draakjes moeten ook naar school
De draakjes gaan naar de klas van juf Helder in de kerkers van de drakenburcht. Ze moeten tenslotte leren om goede draken te zijn.
Het lokaal is goed uitgerust. Zo zijn er:
- een gifkast voor het gifdampademen
- een schatkist met goud voor het rekenen en schatbewaren
- een drakenskelet voor de anatomieles
- een muizenkooi voor het prinsessenroven (oefenen doe je eerst op muizen)
- een landkaart voor de aardrijkskundeles
Als huisdier houden ze natuurlijk een feniks.
Dit is de eerste MOC die ik gefotografeerd heb met mijn nieuwe Panasonic FZ30. De resultaten bevallen me erg goed.
Legotechnisch had ik veel aan de ronde 1x1 plaatjes met gat om dingen aan het plafond te hangen. Ik hoop dat ze ook in andere kleuren uitkomen.
In the arithmetic of love, one plus one equals everything and two minus one equals nothing.”
-Mignon McLaughlin
Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on oak, 207 x 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London)
Old Stone Schoolhouse (1828)
40 North St., Fairhaven
June, July August: Saturdays 12:30 to 4:30 p.m.
and by appointment for groups
Built in the Oxford Village neighborhood of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, in 1828, the Old Stone Schoolhouse was the town’s first school built under the district school system. In the 1840s, young Manjiro Nakahama was a student here.
Restored in the late 1960s, the schoolhouse is open to the public on Saturdays in June, July and August to teach about New England school days of long ago.
When you visit the Old Stone Schoolhouse, you will be greeted by a costumed school master or mistress who will talk to you about the educational system in the 1800s. You’ll learn about a typical school day in a classroom where children from ages four to sixteen would learn together.
The schoolhouse contains old photographs of students and teachers, a collection of antique school books, slates and writing instruments, and other items used in one-room schools.
Children may sit at desks, look at old-fashioned school books and write on a slate with chalk or a slate pencil. Older children may practice writing with a brass nibbed pen dipped in ink. They will be taught about discipline in the classroom and the sorts of punishments that resulted from misbehavior. They may be asked to recite a short poem or some arithmetic facts from memory.
There are also some period games on hand, so youngsters can engage in schoolyard play such as rolling a hoop, playing jacks, hopscotch, jumping rope and more.
Acharya Vijayanand Suri (1837–1896), also known as Atmaramji of Gujranwala, was the first Swetambar Murtipujaka Jain monk in modern times to receive the title of Acharya.Born and raised in Punjab, he was initiated as Sthanakvasi monk who later joined Murtipujaka tradition. He travelled extensively in Gujarat, Rajputana and Punjab; and organised and reformed Jain community, ascetic orders and literature. He wrote several books in Hindi and was invited to the first World Parliament of Religions in 1893 which was attended by Virchand Gandhi later.
He was born on 6 April 1837 CE (Chaitra Shukla 1 Vikram Samvat 1893) in Lehara, Punjab to Ganeshchandra and Rupdevi. He was born in a Brahmakshatriya Hindu family.His father was an army official of Ranjit Singh. His father died in his early childhood and he was raised by his mother. He was given to Sheth Jodhmal of Jira, Punjab for education in VS 1903. He studied Hindi and arithmetic. He came into contact with Sthanakvasi monks during his school life. A couple of influential Sthanakavasi monks initiated him in 1853 (VS 1910) at the age of sixteen and was given the name of Atmaram.
Ascetic career
Memorial shrine in Gujranwala, now used as police station of Sabzi Mandi area. From Chicago Prashnottar, 1918
Atmaram began the study of Jain scriptures along with his fellow ascetics. He was later joined by a Yati of Tapa Gaccha lineage. After several years of study, he was convinced that the Sthanakavasi position of opposition of Idol-worshiping contradicted the scriptures.Later in 1876 (VS 1943), he was initiated again as a Murtipujaka monk in Ahmedabad by Muni Buddhivijay, also known as Buterayji of Tapa Gaccha who himself was Sthanakvasi monk before. He was given a new name, Anandvijay.
In 1886, he was conferred the title of Acharya by the congregation of Palitana during his Chaturmas (four months stay during rainy season) there. This was a notable event because since four centuries, there wasn't an ascetic who was conferred with the title of Acharya. He was the first Acharya of contemporary Jain history as till then only Yatis were conferred with the title. As a result of reforms advocated by him, the influence of yatis declined, although the yatis still survive in some locations.
He travelled extensively in Gujarat and Punjab. He convinced to open Jain Bhandaras (libraries) with Jain literature kept closed for people since years and had texts copied and examined by scholars. He brought these literature to light and instilled sense of identity among Jains. In 1893, he was invited to participate in the first ever World Parliament of Religions at Chicago and since Jain monks do not travel overseas he sent Virchand Gandhi to United States to participate in the World Parliament of Religions. He won silver medal in 1893 at Chicago and was covered by many USA periodicals.Based on questions that he had received from the organizers of the Parliament, he wrote a book for the occasion entitled The Chicago-Prashnottar or Questions and Answers on Jainism for the Parliament of Religions Held at Chicago USA in 1893. He was instrumental in reviving the tradition of fully initiated monks (Samvegi sadhu). He also convinced many Sthankvasis in the Punjab to join the Murtipujaka tradition. About 15000 people converted to Jainism due to his efforts. He also encouraged the construction and renovation of Jain temples. He had helped orientalist Rudolf Hoernlé in his studies on Jainism.
He died in Gujranwala (now in Pakistan) on 20 May 1896 (Jayeshtha Shukla 13 VS 1953). A memorial shrine dedicated to him was built there,which is now used as a police station of Sabzi Mandi area. His footprints along with the chhatri (cenotaph) over them, are moved to Lahore Fort Museum
Mama Nalepo in her shop in the local market of Mamura village in Arusha, Tanzania.
In 2007, Mama Nalepo enrolled in an adult literacy programme, where she first learnt foundational skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic. Most recently, she took part in UN Women-supported trainings on managing accounts, record-keeping and business development, which helped her take over her husband’s shop and revamp the business model. Through cross-border trading, she made a profit of over US$ 500 per month, which allowed her to expand her business, send her last four children to school and purchase 12 plots of land.
“The trainings gave our women the confidence to step out of their boma (homestead) and earn like men,” says Mama Nalepo. “The future of my children and grandchildren is secure, because I received the knowledge I needed to make profit from my business.” Mama Nalepo now encourages other women in nearby villages to participate in the trainings.
Between 2011 and 2016, the UN Women-MWEDO partnership has empowered hundreds of Maasai women to acquire land, find additional employment and diversify their economic activities to supplement their families’ income. The most recent trainings were provided as part of UN Women’s 2016 programme on “Women’s Access to Income, Land and Rights”, supported by the Government of Sweden through the One Fund in Tanzania.
Photo: UN Women/Deepika Nath
Read More: www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2016/10/maasai-women-of-t...
www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/indigenous-womens-rights...
The wall is still festooned with ancient arithmetic... More from SLAC Building 750 (Collider Experimental Hall CEH) and 660 (Positron Electron Project Interaction Region IR-6) below:
At junior school I was averagely good at what was called Arithmetic. From "adding up" and "taking away" and learning the multiplication tables by rote, we progressed to fractions and decimals. All these things, by the way, with the obvious exception of decimals, had to be applied to pounds, shillings and pence money. At secondary school Arithmetic became "Maths". I got on alright with square roots and logarithms ...although now I can't even remember what logarithms are ... but algebra was my downfall. I have a mind unequipped to grasp abstractions. I was so bad ..."useless" was our Maths master's usual term... that for the last two years of my school life I had to take Maths lessons with the next lower stream, an arrangement unique in the school. About the last thing I understood in Maths was Geometry. Its workings were pretty well self-evident: like the functioning of a bicycle you could understand it by looking at it. What I am leading up to is that for a few weeks of high summer, following the solstice, the shadow cast in the evening by our neighbour's lean-to kitchen forms a perfect right-angled triangle at just the point at which its hypotenuse clips the bottom right-hand corner of our bathroom window-sill. Sitting in my garage enjoying my after-supper smoke I observe this phenomenon with satisfaction; it lasts for only a few minutes, becoming gradually later as the hours of daylight become shorter. I suppose the other two angles must be about thirty and sixty degrees because, as I remember, the total must be 180. All this sort of thing is theoretically interesting, but I've never needed Maths above the level of long division in all the years since. It would be naïve, of course, to suppose that "education" is a preparation for Life.
The Netherlands - Petten
Arithmetic series. Two times three. Detail of a beach pole formation that symbolizes the former village "Petten bi der Sipe", that was swallowed up by the sea, after some severe storm surges between the 14th and 16th century.
Image made with kite and camera (attached to the kite's line). © Tom Kisjes
This Renaissance building on the south side of the Royal Gardens, directly above the Stag Moat, was built from 1567 to 1569. It served as a ball games hall, and later as a riding school and stables. During the reign of Josef II it was used as a military storage facility. Among ten Ionian half-pillars, there are sgraffitoes reaching as high as 14 m - a personification of four elements (Earth, Air, Fire, Water), seven main virtues (Forethought, Restraint, Mercy, Hope, Justice, Bravery, Faithfulness), and eight free arts (Theology, Astronomy, Geometry, Music, Arithmetics, Rhetorics, Dialectics, Grammar).Today it serves primarily for art exhibitions, concerts, and significant social events.