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Photos showing impressions of the Ars Electronica Garden Berlin: "Artificial Reality – Virtual Intelligence" by University of Applied Science Berlin – School of Culture and Design, Department of Communication Design (DE).
As our environment undergoes its digital transformation, what might be understood as ’objective’ reality is increasingly being modified by a superimposed virtual realm. Virtual reality and mixed reality technologies are laying the foundation for a transition to a new form of mass media. At the same time a global pandemic has subjected the dream of a new virtual and networked world to a wake-up call. Social distancing temporarily shuttered cultural spaces and educational institutions, and the need for virtual spaces and meeting places continues to grow. What do these worlds look like? Which rules should apply to them? Who is allowed to participate in them? The exhibition ARTIFICIAL REALITY – VIRTUAL INTELLIGENCE showcases student projects that deal with these questions: By means of a Brain Computer Interface, the emotional state of the participant influences the perception of the virtual world. The exhibition explores the limits of human cognition by linking the physically experienced environment and a simultaneously projected minimally altered VR environment, resulting in a form of psychic dissonance. Ongoing dialogue with a voice assistance system creates new virtual worlds and reproduces the themes of power and powerlessness vis-à-vis an omnipresent intelligent machine. The works, all created during the Corona pandemic in distance learning programs, address relevant social issues raised by digital transformation processes: ARTIFICIAL REALITY BIG ART GENERATIVE DATA and VIRTUAL INTELLIGENCE.
Credit: Andreas Ingerl
The AC+D Program begins with a 10 day collaborative Design Build Intensive intended to help students learn how to work together and to design and make something for someone that could benefit from our skills.
MAKING A DIFFERENCE THROUGH MAKING
Designers in education and industry routinely and assuredly assert that design thinking strategies can deliver the “game-changing” ideas needed to address the critical and complex problems of our times. Frequently, however, it seems we’re seduced by and fall in love with the promise(s) of these ideas – and possibly the god-like power their creation conveys – and are less committed to following through with their actual realization with the same degree of passion.
In an effort to provide a ‘proof of the pudding is in the eating’ model of design education and practice, first year MFA AC+D students begin the program with a pre-semester, 10-day collaborative design-build intensive. The experience is intended to help students get to know each other, and learn how to work together by designing and building a project for an actual client. Emphasizing a philosophy of civic engagement, projects are selected based on their potential to benefit an organization or population that generally does not have access to and/or cannot afford to pay for the services of designers and makers.
Project Grow provides a space for artists to explore personal expression through an array of artistic mediums, as well as gain skill and experience working on a chemical-free farm with an emphasis on sustainability.
The urban farm's focus is to teach individuals farm skills and encourage a connection to their food source as they earn income from farming the land. Port City farmers cultivate reclaimed urban land spread across two blocks. The list of produce grown on the farm is bountiful and includes many varieties of vegetables, Northwest proven tomatoes, and other fruits such as raspberries, mulberries, blueberries, pears, kiwis, apples, currants, figs and grapes. In order to make our farm more sustainable and encourage understanding of the full cycle of plant life, we save our seeds and sell and trade them with community members and other local farms.
Goats and chickens are raised to teach individuals animal husbandry skills. The goats' beautiful fiber is processed and used for weaving, felting and other fiber projects. We also cultivate many plants used to make natural dyes, and encourage seed to cloth creation of fiber goods.
North Portland Farm produce is sold throughout the community. All of the chemical-free produce raised by Port City farmers is sold to restaurants, neighborhood stores, or as Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) shares.
Photographs by Sarah Meadows
Photos showing impressions of the Ars Electronica Garden Berlin: "Artificial Reality – Virtual Intelligence" by University of Applied Science Berlin – School of Culture and Design, Department of Communication Design (DE).
As our environment undergoes its digital transformation, what might be understood as ’objective’ reality is increasingly being modified by a superimposed virtual realm. Virtual reality and mixed reality technologies are laying the foundation for a transition to a new form of mass media. At the same time a global pandemic has subjected the dream of a new virtual and networked world to a wake-up call. Social distancing temporarily shuttered cultural spaces and educational institutions, and the need for virtual spaces and meeting places continues to grow. What do these worlds look like? Which rules should apply to them? Who is allowed to participate in them? The exhibition ARTIFICIAL REALITY – VIRTUAL INTELLIGENCE showcases student projects that deal with these questions: By means of a Brain Computer Interface, the emotional state of the participant influences the perception of the virtual world. The exhibition explores the limits of human cognition by linking the physically experienced environment and a simultaneously projected minimally altered VR environment, resulting in a form of psychic dissonance. Ongoing dialogue with a voice assistance system creates new virtual worlds and reproduces the themes of power and powerlessness vis-à-vis an omnipresent intelligent machine. The works, all created during the Corona pandemic in distance learning programs, address relevant social issues raised by digital transformation processes: ARTIFICIAL REALITY BIG ART GENERATIVE DATA and VIRTUAL INTELLIGENCE.
Credit: Andreas Ingerl
Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Carinthia, Republic Of Austria.
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (official name; until 2008 and further briefly just Klagenfurt , Slovenian Celovec ob Vrbskem jezeru ) is a large city in the south of Austria and the state capital of the Austrian state of Carinthia . In the local Bavarian-Austrian dialect her name is pronounced Klognfuat . With 104,332 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2023), it is the largest city in Carinthia and the sixth largest city in Austria . The urban area is located in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and currently has an area of 120 km².
Klagenfurt was first mentioned in documents in 1192/1199 and was of little relevance until Maximilian I donated the city to the Carinthian estates in 1518. This donation and the subsequent Protestant Reformation movement of the 16th century meant a steep rise for the city: Klagenfurt became the capital of Carinthia, and numerous buildings that are still important today, such as the country house and the cathedral, were built.
Today the statutory city of Klagenfurt is the seat of, among other things, the Carinthian state government , the Klagenfurt-Land district administration , the Diocese of Gurk , the Alpine-Adria University of Klagenfurt , the Gustav Mahler Private University of Music , an international airport and a location for the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences as well as numerous other companies and institutions, including those of the Carinthian Slovenes . Klagenfurt is also important for tourism due to its attractive city center with squares and old town buildings as well as cultural offerings and proximity to Lake Wörthersee .
Geography
Location
Klagenfurt is located on the Klagenfurter Feld in the center of the Klagenfurt Basin and extends for around 15 km in a north-south and east-west direction. The city covers the entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee, the areas north of it are part of the Feldkirchen-Moosburg hill country and the Glantal mountain country. Parts of the northern district of Wölfnitz already belong to Zollfeld , the south of Klagenfurt lies at the foot of the Sattnitz ridge.
The city center is about 450 m above sea level; The highest point within the municipality is the Ulrichsberg at 1022 m above sea level. A. , the deepest is the Gurkerbrücke (420 m) on the eastern border of the city.
Around a third of the 120 km² municipal area is designated as agricultural area (33.4%) or forest (32.9%). 19.3% of Klagenfurt's area is used as building land , 2.2% is water and 1.3% is gardens. The remaining 10.9% fall under “other types of use”, which includes, among other things, transport routes , mining areas and wasteland .
The Adriatic is only about 150 kilometers away from Klagenfurt; Trieste can be reached via the motorway in around two hours.
Geology
The entire Klagenfurt Basin was filled by the Drau Glacier during the Ice Age . After the ice masses melted, alluvial fans of the Glan formed the subsoil of today's northern urban area and the Zollfeld, consisting of Ice Age gravel. At the same time, Lake Wörthersee was created, which around 4,000 years ago reached into today's city center, where a large moor area was formed through gradual silting up . The hills in the north of the city consist mainly of old crystalline mica schists and Paleozoic phyllites , green slates and limestone, while the Sattnitz ridge south of Klagenfurt consists of conglomerates .
Bodies of Water
In the north of the city, the Glan flows through Klagenfurt in a west-east direction, in the east the Gurk touches the Hörtendorf district , shortly before it joins the Glan in Ebenthal . There are two canals in the city center that were artificially created in the 16th century: the Lendkanal , which still connects the center with Lake Wörthersee today, and the Feuerbach , which is now almost completely absorbed into the city's underground sewer system. Flowing through the southern districts, the 8.8 km long Glanfurt (popularly “Sattnitz”) drains Lake Wörthersee into the Glan. Other, smaller rivers include the Kerbach, the Raba and the Struga, Wölfnitz and Viktringer Bach.
The entire eastern shore of Lake Wörthersee belongs to the urban area of Klagenfurt, which has used the name of the lake in its own name since mid-2007. There are also a number of ponds in Klagenfurt. The Hallegg ponds , which lie in a nature reserve below Hallegg Castle , are among the largest.
City structure
Until 1848, the urban area only included today's Inner City ; with the formation of political communities in Austria, the immediately adjacent four suburbs (St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Viktringer and Villacher Vorstadt) were added to Klagenfurt in 1850. Apart from a smaller city expansion in 1893, Klagenfurt only reached its current size in the 20th century through the incorporation of previously independent communities in 1938 (districts IX to XII) and 1973 (districts XIII to XV).
The four districts of the inner city roughly form a square made up of squares that are numbered clockwise starting at the top left (in the northwest corner). The next four districts (5-8) enclose the square in a roughly circular shape, the numbering starts at the top, in the north and goes to the right. The same applies to the larger districts 9 to 12, which in turn form a belt of sectors in the main cardinal directions. The three outermost and youngest districts, like all zones, are numbered to the right, but stand out discreetly like wings and are therefore not connected to each other; The count now starts in the south (southwest) with 13, runs through 14 in the northwest to the relatively small 15th district in the east.
The city consists of a total of 25 cadastral municipalities , in brackets the unofficial Slovenian names and the areas in hectares (as of December 31, 2021):
Bubble Village ( Blaznja vas , 241.49 ha)
Ehrenthal (548.85 ha)
Goritschitzen ( Goričica , 571.21 ha)
Großbuch (446.46 ha)
Großponfeld (664.94 ha)
Gurlitsch I* (632.51 ha)
Hallegg ( Helek , 425.55 ha)
Hörtendorf ( Trdnja vas , 946.61 ha)
Klagenfurt (629.53 ha)
Kleinbuch (220.95 ha)
Lendorf ( Dhovše , 579.55 ha)
Marolla (977.91 ha)
Nagra (201.44 ha)
Neudorf ( Nova vas , 658.90 ha)
St. Martin near Klagenfurt (349.02 ha)
St. Peter am Karlsberg (353.84 ha)
St. Peter near Ebenthal (358.99 ha)
St. Peter near Tentschach (246.63 ha)
St. Ruprecht near Klagenfurt (653.30 ha)
Stone ( Zakamen , 267.30 ha)
Tentschach (222.56 ha)
Viktring ( Vetrinj , 369.22 ha)
Waidmannsdorf ( Otoče , 422.75 ha)
Waltendorf ( Vapoča vas , 442.94 ha)
Welzenegg (579.38 ha)
* (Gurlitsch II is a cadastral community in the neighboring community of Krumpendorf.)
Climate
Klagenfurt has a temperate continental climate with relatively large temperature fluctuations between the seasons. Due to the inversion weather conditions prevailing in the Klagenfurt Basin, an above-average and often long-lasting formation of haze and fog is typical for this area. In early and mid-autumn this is predominantly ground fog, while in late autumn and winter mostly high-level fog occurs. A general lack of wind is also characteristic. The winters, which are cold compared to the Austrian average, can be temporarily alleviated by the foehn through the Karawanken Mountains to the south .
The long-term mean annual temperature (determined between 1961 and 1990) is 7.7 °C. The average temperature in Klagenfurt in 2007 was 9.7 °C.
History
Origin of name and founding legend
Etymologically, the name Klagenfurt has a Romanesque origin and came into German via Slovenian. Heinz-Dieter Pohl has linguistically reconstructed the formation of the Slovenian name Celovec for Klagenfurt, first documented in 1615 as V Zelovzi . The starting point for this was a Romanesque l'aquiliu meaning “place by the water” - but what was meant was not Lake Wörthersee, but the River Glan . The original Romansh form was initially transformed into la quiliu and adopted into Slavic without an article. According to phonetic laws, it became cvilj- . This was expanded with the ending -ovec , which is common in field and place names, which created Cviljovec . The similar-sounding Slovenian word cvilja meant something like 'lamentation'. In Slovenian, the name Cviljovec was reinterpreted in folk etymology as the “place of laments ”, which is reflected in German in the loan translation Klagenfurt. Other derivations are therefore not applicable, such as the one advocated by Eberhard Kranzmayer about a lament woman cvilja (= lament), one of the legendary Slavic ford and water women who did their laundry at streams and springs wash and mourn deaths, or from the Glan, according to which a Glanfurt would be the origin of the name. What is overlooked is that there actually is a river called Glanfurt , which was called Lanquart until the 16th century and is now also called Sattnitz (Slovene: formerly: Lank(a)rt, today: Sotnica, or more commonly: Jezernica = Seebach). . It is the outflow of Lake Wörthersee.
An even older derivation, which comes from the time of humanism, names the Latin name of the Roman city Claudiforum or Forum Claudii as the original name and refers to Roman sources. The name Klagenfurt is said to have developed from this. In fact, a Roman city, Virunum , founded by the Emperor Claudius , existed north of the present urban area. Today it is clear that Forum Claudii was an alternative name for Virunum and that there was no Roman city in the area of today's Klagenfurt.
Lindwurm fountain : representation of the founding legend
The founding legend of Klagenfurt tells of a dragon that lived in a swamp and fed on people from the surrounding towns who approached it. The monster could only be killed through a trick: a tower was built, at the top of which an ox was chained as bait, the chain also being equipped with a large hook. When the dragon came out of its swamp to eat the ox, it got caught on the chain and was killed. This legend finds its heraldic expression in the city coat of arms of Klagenfurt and its artistic expression in the Lindwurm fountain .
Early settlements in today's urban area
The first traces of clearing and settlement in today's urban area date back to the period between 4000 and 2000 BC. Evidenced by finds in Lendorf, Waidmannsdorf and Viktring. Traces of settlements can be found from the Bronze Age ( dugout tree finds in the moor at the foot of the Sattnitz) as well as the urn field culture and the Hallstatt period (Wölfnitz and Waidmannsdorf). For a long time, only areas that towered over the marshy landscape in which today's city center is located were considered as settlement areas. The hills in the north of today's urban area were particularly suitable for this.
and the early
There is no evidence of any significant settlements in the area of today's Klagenfurt in ancient times . The center of power for this region both during the Celtic Noricum period and during the period of Roman occupation, which began in 45 BC. From the 6th century BC to the 6th century ( Virunum ), it was located on the Zollfeld north of today's Klagenfurt . Nevertheless, sporadic Roman settlements arose here too, for example on the Spitalsberg the remains of a villa and graves from Roman times were found
Unlike many towns in Carinthia, where evidence of the immigration of Slavs into the area of today's Carinthia, which took place from the end of the migration , can also be proven using place names, there is hardly any evidence of this in Klagenfurt. Nevertheless, it is assumed that today's urban area was connected to the Carolingian-Franconian Palatinate of Karnburg (Civitas Carantana), which was built around the year 828. In the course of the Christianization of Carinthia, the church foundations of Maria Saal in Zollfeld by the diocese of Salzburg and Maria Wörth were significant, but there is no evidence of any foundations on the eastern bank of Lake Wörthersee at this time.
After Carinthia was made a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire in 976, numerous monasteries were founded in the 11th century. But it was only in the first half of the 12th century that Klagenfurt became important: the Spanheimers , who had been wealthy in Carinthia since the middle of the 11th century and were the Carinthian dukes between the years 1122 and 1279, had gradually acquired parts of today's city area . Count Bernhard founded the Cistercian monastery of Viktring in 1142 and initiated settlement in its surroundings.
Founding of the city
The Carinthian dukes Hermann († 1181) and Bernhard von Spanheim († 1256) are considered the founders of Klagenfurt. Hermann is seen as the founder of the Klagenfurt market, which was built on the southern edge of the Zollfeld in the area of today's Spitalsberg . This settlement was first mentioned between June 1192 and March 1199 as the monastery of St. Paul was granted toll exemption “in foro Chlagenuurt”. However, the newly founded town was in the flood plain of the Glan and was repeatedly flooded. Bernhard von Spanheim took this as an opportunity to re-establish the settlement in a flood-proof area in 1246. Klagenfurt was rebuilt in the area around today's Old Square and received city rights in 1252.
To protect the city, a castle (first mentioned in documents in 1268) and a six meter high city wall were built, in front of which a four meter deep and ten meter wide ditch was dug. The castle probably stood on the site of today's country house and was administered by ministerials who were called castle keepers (“castellanus de Chlagenfurt”). The first documented priest in Klagenfurt (Dominus Friedericus, 1255) was still vicar of Maria Saal . The first church in Klagenfurt was probably today's parish church of Klagenfurt-St. Egid , who was the patron saint of St. in the 14th century. Egidius accepted (documented 1347); The Holy Spirit Church with a cemetery and hospital was built outside the city walls (documented in 1355 and 1381).
Klagenfurt had only a small population compared to other cities in Carinthia and remained in the shadow of the capital St. Veit and the commercial center of Villach until the 16th century .
Donation of Klagenfurt to the estates
At the beginning of the 16th century, Carinthia only played a minor role within the inner Austrian states, because for long stretches the office of governor was not even occupied. The Roman-German king and later emperor Maximilian I came to their extensive inheritance after the Gorizia people died out in 1500. On the one hand, the absence of a sovereign helped the Carinthian estates to gain a stronger political position, but on the other hand, they had to struggle with peasant revolts at the time, which flared up again in the country in 1515 and during which the state capital St. Veit proved to be less than reliable.
In 1514 Klagenfurt was almost completely destroyed by fire. The estates asked the emperor, who had now also become sovereign, to give them the city in order to turn it into a bulwark against enemies from within and without. Maximilian complied with this wish, in the “Gabbrief” of April 24, 1518, he donated the city, including the castle and citizens, to the estates, while at the same time revoking all civil privileges.
The estates rebuilt the city and commissioned Domenico dell'Allio to plan city fortifications . The financing of this undertaking was significantly supported by Ferdinand I's leasing of the sovereign mint in 1529 and its relocation from St. Veit to Klagenfurt soon afterwards. The Lend Canal , an artificial waterway from Lake Wörthersee to the city, had already been created in 1527 and was used to transport goods, flood the moat and serve as a fire-fighting water reservoir. A second, much smaller canal, the so-called Feuerbach , brought Glanwasser into the city, which was available in two open channels and was also used to transport waste. The previous “Galgentratte” became the new center of the city as “Neuer Platz”. The streets around it were laid out in a checkerboard pattern. Important representative buildings such as the country house (from 1574) and today's cathedral (from 1581), which was built as a Protestant church, were built. In 1587, due to the ever-increasing tasks of the city administration, the judge and council asked the estates to appoint a mayor. As a result, Christoph Windisch (* ? – † 1597) was appointed the first mayor of the corporative city of Klagenfurt. By the end of the 16th century, Klagenfurt had grown into the most modern and strongest fortress city in the region.
Burgfriedstein at the Sattnitzbauern onQuellenstrasse
The city's sphere of influence included extensive areas of the hinterland and smaller towns outside the city fortifications. They formed the Klagenfurt castle keep , which was administered by the city judge. It stretched from St. Primus in the north to the swampy landscape of Glanfurt in the south and from the Glan in the east to the village of Waidmannsdorf in the west of the city. Not a single castle was built in this area; the noble residences of this type were all outside the keep boundaries.
Reformation and
In the course of the second half of the 16th century, large parts of the population and almost all of the Carinthian estates had joined the Lutheran Reformation movement ; in Klagenfurt one can speak of a consistently Protestant population as early as the 1570s.
The new doctrine was proclaimed both in St. Egid and in the Church of the Holy Spirit, and the newly built Trinity Church, later the Catholic cathedral, was also used as a Protestant church after its completion. While the Catholic Habsburgs, as sovereigns, were initially almost powerless in the face of this development, from around 1580 they initially hesitantly implemented the Counter-Reformation together with the Catholic Church in 1595, then with all their might after Archduke Ferdinand came to power. Citizens were given the choice of returning to Catholicism or leaving the country, books were burned and Protestant churches were temporarily closed.
The Trinity Church, which was closed in November 1600, was given to the Jesuits and reopened by them in April 1604 and consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul. Above all, the Jesuits, but also other orders that were part of the Counter-Reformation, shaped the intellectual and cultural development as well as with numerous new church and monastery buildings (St. Mary's Church with Franciscan monastery in 1617, Capuchin church and monastery in 1646, redesign of St. Egid and St . Peter and Paul etc.) the face of the city.
After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, Klagenfurt became the seat of the Gurk Cathedral Chapter in 1787/93.
End of Estate Rule, French Wars and March Revolution
The estates had already lost power with Maria Theresa's administrative reform . Since 1748, the city administration was no longer subject to the estate councilors and the burgrave . State authorities had taken their place. The state of Carinthia was divided into three districts and the “castle” was now the seat of a district office. In 1782, Klagenfurt lost its position as state capital after Joseph II placed all of Carinthia administratively under the Gubernium of Graz.
The square, planned layout of the old city center, shown here on a map from around 1735 with the city walls and city gates razed in 1809, can still be clearly seen on today's plans.
During the Napoleonic Wars, Klagenfurt was occupied by French troops in 1797 and in 1805 and 1809/1810. Before they left, Napoleon's Württemberg sappers blew up the city walls. The Völkermarkter Tor was the only one of the city gates that remained intact, but it had to give way to road expansion in 1867. Massive causeway bridges were built in place of the blown-up city gates. Today only a small remnant of the fortification wall and the city moat remains. However, the location of the city walls can still be clearly seen on today's “ring” around the city center.
Even though there were only sporadic acts of war in the country during the wars, this period and the years that followed marked an economic decline. From an urban planning perspective, however, the demolition of the fortifications also opened up new perspectives. A city map from 1827 shows the merging of the city center with its four suburbs: St. Veiter, Völkermarkter, Villacher and Viktringer Vorstadt. In addition to the formation of districts, Klagenfurt was also a vital city in the pre-industrial period in terms of its social structure, its culture and its relationship to the surrounding area.
On the political stage, Klagenfurt and the now divided Carinthia were of little importance during the Metternich era . This was only to change again after the revolutionary year of 1848 , when Carinthia became an independent crown state again with the headquarters of a state parliament and a state government in Klagenfurt. After Klagenfurt became a city with its own statute in 1850, the second city expansion took place after more than 300 years as part of the general restructuring of the state and the country and the associated creation of local communities as the smallest self-governing bodies.
However, the hoped-for unification of Klagenfurt with numerous surrounding towns did not initially materialize; the neighbors saw no advantage in this and preferred status as an independent rural community. In addition to the inner city, the new municipality only comprised its four suburbs, including the “rural town of Spitalmühle”. Not even the entire truce had come to Klagenfurt: even the Kreuzbergl area of the “Wölfnitzberg” remained in the cadastral community of St. Martin and became part of the new local community of St. Martin near Klagenfurt . In 1850, the first Klagenfurt local council chose the 51-year-old lawyer Andreas Koller , who had just been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order , as city leader.
Technological age
In 1863, Klagenfurt was connected to the Southern Railway network , and the resulting economic stimulus made Klagenfurt the center of Carinthia. The outdated, damaged water pipe, fed by the Feuerbach and the Sattnitz springs, was taken over by the city and improved. In 1864, Ferdinand Jergitsch founded the first volunteer fire department in Carinthia, a model organization for numerous cities in the k. u.k. Monarchy. The city ditches were partly filled in and built over, the agricultural area was expanded through drainage and the city was enlarged, including the former suburbs and surrounding communities, first to the east and later to the west towards Lake Wörthersee.
In the course of the busy construction activity, the Protestant Johanneskirche (1863–1866), the Carinthian State Museum (1884), the large school buildings (Hasner, Benedictine and West schools, secondary school, trade school, “Kucherhof” agricultural school), the state hospital (1895) and the new “Jubiläumsstadttheater” (1910). The economic rise was also documented by the first Carinthian state exhibition in 1885, at which 1,329 exhibiting companies presented their services to around 100,000 visitors. This laid the foundation for today's Klagenfurt Trade Fair.
In 1896, however, the city administration rejected the electrification of the city and the establishment of a railway directorate in Klagenfurt. Only after long negotiations was the basis for a power grid laid. In 1903, the city's streets received electric lighting instead of the incandescent gas lights that previously illuminated the streets. The horse-drawn tram set up in 1891 was replaced by the electric Klagenfurt tram from 1911 onwards . The railway management, on the other hand, had now established itself in Villach , making its western neighbor a “railway town”.
The First World War and its consequences for Klagenfurt
The First World War interrupted the city's rise. After Italy entered the war in 1915, Klagenfurt was not directly on the front of the mountain war and was therefore spared from the immediate war, but was subsequently flooded by returning soldiers. 2,214 people from Klagenfurt died as soldiers during the war. In addition, the SHS state that emerged after the end of the war claimed parts of southern Carinthia and Lower Styria, relying on the Slovenian population. His troops crossed the demarcation line and occupied Klagenfurt on June 6, 1919. For security reasons, the Carinthian state government had recently been temporarily relocated to Spittal an der Drau and later to St. Veit an der Glan. The troops had to withdraw again at the end of July 1919 after a referendum was held at the Paris Peace Conference on the fate of the disputed areas. The plebiscite of October 10, 1920 ultimately resulted in a clear majority for Carinthia and the Republic of Austria.
The economic consequences of the war - inflation and high unemployment - initially slowed down the further development of the city, which at times was unable to pay even the wages of its employees.
Period of National Socialism and the Second World War
With the “annexation” of Austria to the German Reich, Klagenfurt became the capital of the Carinthian district on March 12, 1938 ( Reichsgau from March 1, 1938 ). From October 1, 1938, East Tyrol and from April 17, 1941, Mießtal , which fell to Yugoslavia in 1918, and parts of Upper Carniola were also administered from Klagenfurt. Under the National Socialist mayor Friedrich von Franz, all previously published newspapers were discontinued and replaced by the Carinthian Grenzruf . The New Square was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz . In addition, numerous other squares and streets in the city were given the names of Nazi greats.
The young, small Jewish community in Klagenfurt (1934: 269 religious Jews) was almost completely wiped out during this time. During Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, citizens of Klagenfurt devastated the prayer house in Platzgasse (which was later completely destroyed in a bombing raid), demolished Jewish apartments and desecrated the Jewish cemetery in St. Ruprecht. The bank accounts of the Jews in Carinthia were blocked, but the money is said to have been used in collaboration with the religious community to cover the travel costs of the emigrating Jews. Of all the Jews who were expelled from Carinthia or who emigrated “voluntarily”, 45 certainly died, but probably more died. Most of the Jews who remained in Klagenfurt were later arrested and deported to concentration camps; only a few were able to save themselves after 1939. In 1951 there were only nine Jewish citizens left in Klagenfurt.
On October 15, 1938, the previously independent community of Sankt Ruprecht and the towns of Sankt Peter, Annabichl and Sankt Martin as well as parts of the communities of Krumpendorf , Lendorf, Hörtendorf , Viktring and Maria Wörth were incorporated. This meant that the urban area grew from 618 hectares to 5,613 hectares (around nine times as much), and the population rose from 30,000 to over 50,000.
In the Lendorf district, prisoners from the Mauthausen concentration camp built a barracks and a “ Junker school ” for the Waffen-SS . The Klagenfurt-Lendorf concentration camp subcamp was located in the courtyard of today's Khevenhüller barracks.
After there had already been a smaller attack by the 9th US Air Fleet on Klagenfurt Airport in September 1943 , the first bombs fell on built-up urban areas on Sunday, January 16, 1944, at 11:41 a.m. The main targets were the area around the main train station and the tobacco factory on Kempfstrasse, where part of German aircraft production had been relocated from Wiener Neustadt to Klagenfurt. In three waves of attacks, 90 bombers dropped around 1,200 high-explosive bombs over the city. There were 234 deaths, 73 seriously injured and around 1,800 homeless people.
This attack was followed by 48 more by April 26, 1945, 12 of which were major attacks in which a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped. At the end of the war, 3,413 houses and 9,672 apartments had been destroyed. 60 percent of Klagenfurt's apartments were destroyed and 510 people were killed. 1665 Klagenfurt residents died as soldiers during the war.
Post-war and present
On May 8, 1945, British troops reached the city a few hours before the units of the Yugoslav armed forces and the Yugoslav partisans. The communist leadership of Yugoslavia under Marshal Tito , with the support of the Soviet Union , claimed Klagenfurt and large parts of Carinthia for themselves, but they encountered resistance from the British. However, the British were unable to prevent residents of the Klagenfurt district from being kidnapped by Yugoslav partisans.
Klagenfurt was part of the British zone until the end of the occupation in Austria in 1955. The English War Cemetery on Lilienthalstraße is still a reminder of this today.
In 1947, Austria's first district heating power plant was built in Klagenfurt, in 1955 the country's first high-rise building was built and in 1961, Wiener Gasse, together with Kramergasse, became the first designated pedestrian zone in Austria, which was soon expanded to include Alter Platz. The botanical garden , founded in 1862, was moved from Mießtalerstrasse to the former quarry on Kreuzbergl in 1958. The creation of the cathedral square by demolishing the Jesuit barracks , which had been damaged in the war, caused controversial discussions in the 1960s .
Science & Technology Park
A focus of city policy in the post-war period was the reconstruction and expansion of the school and university systems. With the establishment of the Federal High School for Slovenes in Klagenfurt in 1957, one of Austria's obligations in the State Treaty of 1955 was fulfilled. In addition, other educational centers were built with the aim of offering several training focuses for students in Klagenfurt, including the music high school in Viktring and the Mössingerstraße federal school center, which houses an HTL and a high school. The University of Education Sciences was founded in 1970, which subsequently became what is now the University of Klagenfurt .
As a result of the incorporation of four large neighboring communities ( Viktring , Hörtendorf , Wölfnitz and St. Peter am Bichl with the Ulrichsberg ) as well as some areas of neighboring communities ( Ebenthal , Maria Wörth , Poggersdorf , Liebenfels ) as part of the municipal reform in 1973, the municipal area became In 1938 it was expanded again significantly, by a good double, and reached its current size of 12,030 hectares.
Mosaic coat of arms for UEFA Euro 2008
On July 3, 2007, the local council decided to rename the city of Klagenfurt to “Klagenfurt am Wörthersee”, this was confirmed by the Carinthian state parliament. It was hoped that this would increase the city's marketing value. Critical voices, however, emphasized that Klagenfurt has only been located on Lake Wörthersee since the beginning of the 20th century through property purchases and that it has little in common with Lake Wörthersee in terms of cultural history.
The Wörthersee Stadium was rebuilt between 2006 and 2008 for the 2008 European Football Championship , and three preliminary round games took place in the stadium.
In 2015, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .
Nike has applied what is arguably the year’s reigning shoe fad of leather detailing to a brand new set of Nike SB Stefan Janoski Max sneakers. Limited to a quickstrike release, the aesthetically favorable sneaker draws inspiration from the streets of New York City. The shoe flaunts a black leather upper, matched with a metallic silver threaded Nike Swoosh. A cool grey midsole dotted with black speckles surrounds the black Air Max unit, and a custom New York sewer cap emblem is prominently featured on the footbed, appropriately tying together the cohesively themed colorway. Releasing March 4, the sneakers will go live on Nike’s webshop, for the retail price of $110 USD.
Like the plains but without roads, towns, crops, cattle, power lines, or aircraft. In other words, very abstract and unrealistic, even though it was somewhat based on several landscape photos.
Done with the iPad app ArtRage, using its tools simulating oil paint applied to a canvas with tube, brush, and palette knife.
Christmas Card designed by an A2 Applied Art and Design Student as part of a live brief. Students sold their cards at a Local craft fair in Warlingham.
This photo is licensed under a Creative Commons license. If you use this photo, please list the photo credit as "matthew mcglynn / recordinghacks.com" and link the credit to recordinghacks.com.
Applied Research Day – Langara’s annual showcase of current research and innovation projects – took place on Thursday, March 24, 2022. Faculty, staff, and students came together to share their scholarship projects, showcase their accomplishments, and trade ideas. With more than 20 projects on display, the event introduced attendees to the wide variety of research taking place at the College and provided inspiration for future research projects and scholarly activity.
Applied Research Day – Langara’s annual showcase of current research and innovation projects – took place on Thursday, March 24, 2022. Faculty, staff, and students came together to share their scholarship projects, showcase their accomplishments, and trade ideas. With more than 20 projects on display, the event introduced attendees to the wide variety of research taking place at the College and provided inspiration for future research projects and scholarly activity.
Christmas Card designed by an A2 Applied Art and Design Student as part of a live brief. Students sold their cards at a Local craft fair in Warlingham.
Inside the Fachhochschule Köln / Cologne University of Applied Sciences. For any usage, please ask permission at www.evrim-sen.com.
Museum for Applied Art
Frankfurt am Main, Germany / Richard Meier & Partners Architects LLP / 1979 - 1985
The Frankfurt Museum for Applied Art (Museum für Angewandte Kunst Frankfurt), one of the most important international museums of its kind, was founded in 1877. The current collections embrace 5,000 years of the history of different cultures and include European handcrafts from the 12th to the 21st century, design, book art, graphics, Islamic art, as well as art and handcrafts from East Asia. The works are distinguished by unique aesthetics and technically masterful use of material. Light flows through the spacious rooms of the modern Richard Meier building, which invites visitors to interact and communicate. The rooms constantly reveal new perspectives on historical exhibits and modern spatial structure. Numerous special exhibitions use the dialogue with the architecture to create surprising presentations and reflect the multifaceted contents of the collection between tradition and the avant-garde. Meier’s world-famous museum building was completed in 1985. The architecture integrates the classic villa of the museum, in which the proportions of a middle-class summerhouse serve as the standard for the three connected white cubes of the new building. In order to put the villa in the spotlight in respect to content, it is to be invigorated by a new concept for its interior, which should make it a new meeting point in Frankfurt’s cultural life.
The character of the surrounding environment had a decisive impact on the form of this building, not only in terms of the topography but also in respect of the local doppel villa topology. Designed as a part of a new cultural district on the banks of the river Main – the Museumsufer – this arts museum was a transitional work in that it was part of the conversion of a residential quarter to public-institutional use. The accommodation of the program within the available site enabled the remainder of the area to be treated as a park, open to the surrounding community. Articulated pathways and vistas enabled the site to be reorganized in such a way as to overcome the barrier formed by the villas lining the Main River. The skewed organization of the plan was based on two intersecting geometries, on an orthogonal grid deriving from the Villa Metzler and on a discrepant second grid taken from the alignment of the river. The Villa Metzler is incorporated into the new composition by being inscribed into an open quadrant of its 16 square orthogonal grid. This initial grid was then overlaid by a second grid of exactly the same size, but rotated 3.5 degrees to correspond with the embankment. The superimposition of these two networks generates the formal order of the work throughout. The Villa Metzler’s basic dimensions and the proportions of the villa’s windows became the basis of the square metal panel module and fenestration of the new building. The general organization of the museum space gives the work a didactic character, with the visitor proceeding counter clockwise through a prescribed series of spaces, outlining the history of European decorative art. Specific openings are framed in various ways so as to sustain a sense of discovery through different apertures, while always permitting the objects themselves to relate to the scale of their immediate environment.
Applied Research Day – Langara’s annual showcase of current research and innovation projects – took place on Thursday, March 24, 2022. Faculty, staff, and students came together to share their scholarship projects, showcase their accomplishments, and trade ideas. With more than 20 projects on display, the event introduced attendees to the wide variety of research taking place at the College and provided inspiration for future research projects and scholarly activity.
Applied Futures class taught by Dr. Seth Soman Oct.8, 2018 (Photo by Todd Weddle | Northwest Missouri State University)
Tilt shift effect applied to an image I took of small Baita houses in Italy. I made use of photoshop and scaled the blur so that it didn't affect the main structures of the building. In hindsight I should have made the blur not affect the tops of the building.
Although traditionally tilt shift images are most effective taken from above, I chose to use a lower down perspective and it still gave off an interesting effect, placing our focus onto the buildings and the patterns of stone in the roofs.
> Powerpoint Evaluation:
This image was taken in 2016 for a trip to Italy and I used it to complete Brief 2, Old to New using an iPhone 8. The image itself was of small Italian houses called trullo, and has a pleasant, balanced composition.
The image is very detailed, with lots of visible texture and shadows. The lighting was nice with the cool bright blues not taking away from the slightly duller tones of the trullo. I decided to add a tilt shift to this image as I wanted the primary focus to be on the center of the image. In hindsight the lower perspective made the tilt shift slightly less effective but I still think it added more emphasis to the detailed middle of the image. If I were to select a photo to tiltshift I'd aim for one taken from above looking down on the subject.
This fulfilled the brief 2 requirement of investigating different techniques, tilt shift a technique I'd never used before created a pleasing effect. I learned that in future it's better to use this edit on photos with a high perspective looking down if I wanted it to be most effective.
The special exhibition "Top of Europe" will be a highlight of EUNIQUE. It shows a section of exciting, contemporary arts and crafts of Europe and consist of two parts: "Crafts of Europe" and "European Prize for Applied Arts 2009".
June 11-13
International Fair for Applied Arts & Design,
Karlruhe, Germany
Here we have Kyle using a rubber roller to firmly apply the Dynamat to the exposed door panel. It is important that the Dynamat completely adheres to the metal surfaces.
Mobile Edge was voted 1 of the Top 10 Mobile Electronics Retailers in the Nation for 2009 and 2010. To learn more about what they have to offer, visit www.MobileEdgeOnline.com
This was shot with a lot of LED arrays shining on my dear wife, and then I had a lot of fun post processing the image. No cropping was applied.
2015 Design Build Intensive: MFA in Applied Craft + Design
The MFA in Applied Craft + Design degree program (AC+D) in Portland, OR (a joint program of Oregon College of Art and Craft and Pacific Northwest College of Art) begins each year with a 10 day pre-semester, collaborative Design Build Intensive project intended to help students get to know each other and learn how to work together by designing and building a project for an actual client who will benefit from the students' skills.
This year's collaborator is Outgrowing Hunger whose mission is "to get healthy food into the mouths of Hungry People". The organization "transforms unused private, public and institutional land into Neighborhood Gardens, where healthy food, resilient community, and economic opportunity spring up together". For this Design Build Intensive the AC+D students will focus on the East Portland Neighborhood Garden (EPNG), which provides personal gardening and fresh produce work-trade opportunities.
The East Portland Neighborhood Garden has plots that range from 360 – 1550 square feet, tended primarily by 115 Bhutanese, Burmese refugee and Latino immigrant families who literally live off of the garden's harvest. Many must commute up to two miles on foot to get to the garden, after which they often work 6 – 8 hours a day tending, harvesting and preparing traditional fermented vegetables. The entire site is almost 100% garden space with little area for rest and relief, not to mention protection from the rain and sun.
There is so much AC+D can do for EPNG!
The magic of the AC+D Design Build Intensive is the conversation and connection that happens between two communities who normally would not have come together. EPNG and ACD will meet to collaboratively discover the true needs of the community. It is clear already that there is much that can be improved. The design process will not begin until the students meet with the gardeners, but to give a sense of the potential scope the project could include: benches with shaded cover for tired gardeners and nursing mothers; raised beds with ADA accessibility for the Senior Gardens; a protective shed to secure the five wheelbarrows; a privacy shield for the portable restroom; a removable cover for the outdoor kitchen used to prepare the harvests for community and fundraising events, and the list goes on…
AC+D DESIGN BUILD: MAKING A DIFFERENCE THROUGH MAKING
Designers in education and industry fields routinely and assuredly assert that design thinking strategies can deliver the “game-changing” ideas needed to address the critical and complex problems of our times. Frequently, however, it seems we’re seduced by and fall in love with the promise(s) of these ideas, and are less committed to following through with their actual realization with the same degree of passion. The AC+D Design Build Intensive is an effort to provide a ‘proof of the pudding is in the eating’ model of design education and practice of the first year MFA AC+D students working together designing and building a project for an actual client.
Emphasizing a philosophy of civic engagement, The AC+D Design Build Intensives are selected based on their potential to benefit an organization or population that generally does not have access to the services of designers, builders and makers. These projects put design thinking into action and solve local community problems.
Photos by Mario Gallucci