Fragments of the colossal statue of Emperor Constantine in the Courtyard of the Capotoline Museum in Rome, Italy

Statuette of a cat

Bronze

Late Period

Egypt of Glory exhibition, Amos Rex Art Museum, Helsinki

From the collection of Museo Egizio, Turin, Italy

9.10.2020-21.3.2021

Néniset hizo una ofrenda al sol en dos formas:

"Ré se levantó en el horizonte oriental, Atum se puso en el horizonte occidental"

Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. Æ Sestertius (34mm, 21.75 g). Rome mint. Struck AD 37-38. Laureate head left; c/m: TI CLAV IMP (ligatured) within incuse rectangle / Legend in four lines within oak wreath. RIC I 37; BMCRE 38; BN 50. cngcoins.com

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Aureus 37-38, 7.73 g. C CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT Bare head of Gaius r. Rev. DIVVS AVG PATER PATRIAE Radiate head of Augustus r. RIC 15. BMC 16. C 1. CBN 19. Vagi 310. Calicó 332 (this coin).

Few of Rome’s emperors enjoy as foul a reputation as Gaius, who is generally known by the nickname Caligula, meaning ‘bootikin’ or ‘little boots’, which he received from his father’s soldiers while he was still an amiable child. He grew to despise the nickname almost as much as everyone grew to despise him. There is little need to revisit the list of his debaucheries, incests and acts of depravity – we need only note that his behaviour was a special blend of intellect and insanity, and that he has few peers beyond Nero, Commodus and Elagabalus. On the bright side, Caligula was dutiful when it came to his well-produced coinage. Caligula honoured his great-grandfather Augustus, very likely Tiberius, his murdered parents, Germanicus and Agrippina Senior, and his murdered brothers, Nero Caesar and Drusus Caesar. Among the living he honoured his three sisters – in whom he had more than a casual interest – and, on provincial coinage, his final wife Caesonia and their daughter Drusilla Minor, both of whom were murdered within an hour of Caligula.

Dama de Elche. Escultura ibera de piedra caliza del siglo V o IV a.C. En el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de España, en Madrid.

Lady of Elx. Iberian sculpture. Made of limestone in the 5th or 4th century BC. It is at the National Archaeological Museum of Spain, in Madrid.

Museo de Sitio de Palenque "Alberto Ruz L'Huillier"

The team of Vinzenz Brinkman and Ulrike Koch-Brinkmann carefully analyzed ancient sculptures which originally were painted vivid, bright colors and re-created 17 pieces which are currently on display at the Met Museum's Greek and Roman galleries in the exhibit "Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color" It's a fascinating look at ancient works as they would have appeared when new.

Reconstruction of a marble portrait of the Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, known as Caligula, Variant B

Reconstruction of the bronze statue from the Quirinal in Rome of the so-called Terme Boxer. Chroma exhibit at the Met Museum

The two original Greek bronze statues reconstructed here were discovered on the Quirinal Hill of Rome in 1885 near the ancient Baths of Constantine and are now on display in the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme in Rome.

The figures’ identification and relationship to one another remains unresolved. One line of interpretation suggests that an important adventure from the Jason and the Argonaut saga is represented: the standing Polydeukes, son of Zeus, has defeated Amykos, son of Poseidon, in a boxing match and now urges him to refrain from murdering strangers with his deadly knuckles. Both statues display the swollen ears of a fighter.

25,000 years old rock art place.

Vale do Côa, Vila Nova de Foz Côa. Portugal.

Explored.

"Sky Forever"

www.ropelatophotography.net

There are two places in this world that make me feel insignificant and more than I am at the same time. False Kiva is one. Sky Rock is the other.

Cheers to that feeling, and to photography.

-Jared Ropelato

Earlier 1st Century AD

H. 16.5 cm.; W. 15 cm.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

SYRIA, Coele-Syria. Chalcis. Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 32-31 BC. Æ 19mm (5.03 g). Diademed and draped bust of Cleopatra right / Bare head of Antony right. RPC I 4771; SNG Copenhagen 382; BMC Phoenicia p. 54, 15.

NERO. 54-68 AD. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.48 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck 68 AD. IMP NERO CAESAR AVG P P, Laureate head right / No legend, legionary aquila between two military standards. RIC I 68; WCN 69; BMCRE 107; RSC 356.

Pompeii, Naples, Italy, 2021

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

Prehistoric Native American petroglyphs. Archeologists believe most of the rock art was created during the Archaic (6000-1000 B.C) and Fremont (450-1300 AD) periods. It's mind boggling to me how these can survive that long. I kept thinking "wow... these were the world's first photographers!". : )

Note the drawing on the top left. It is a woman giving birth, with the baby coming out feet first.

all of my uploaded images are low-resolution. if you would like to use or license any of my photos, please contact me via flickrmail for a full-resolution photo. thank you for stopping by!

Copyright © 2016, All Rights Reserved.

Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ Sestertius (or Dupondius?) (21.63 g, 5h). “Triumphal Coinage” issue. Rome mint. P. Lurius Agrippa, moneyer. Struck 7 BC. CAESAR • AVGVST • PONT • MAX • TRIBV-NIC • POT, laureate head of Augustus left; behind, Victory, draped, touching fillet of laurel wreath with right hand and holding cornucopia in left / P • LVRIVS • AGRIPPA • III • VIR • A • A • A • F • F •, large S • C. RIC I 426; BMCRE p. 41, *; BN 618-20. cngcoins.com

cleaning since ancient times — because even marble needs a little love at gate A43.

The art left on canyon walls fires the imagination. Persons living in a stone age civilization left imaginative paintings and etchings, but what was the motivation? So many possibilities...

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

Detail from the Worcester Hunt Floor Mosaic, Antioch, c. 500 AD, at Worcester Art Museum. Beautifully restored and gorgeous even with the missing tiles and cracks.

Hindu goddess on canvas (oil painting). When I felt desperate to pay off my student loan, I got the idea to use my talent :) and see if it sells. This painting is a product of that desperation.

PHOENICIA, Berytus. Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ 16mm (3.33 g). Laureate head left / Dolphin and trident within wreath. RPC 4537; Rouvier 487.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

This marble Pope is Urban VIII Barberini and was sculpted by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

El Rey asirio ricamente disfrazado y enjoyado, está representado simbólicamente en tamaño natural. Un símbolo de culto en su mano derecha y las 9 representaciones de los dioses ante sus ojos subrayan el carácter oficial y la gran importancia del monumento,

Sentado en un trono cubierto por una piel de jaguar, el dios L fuma mientras preside una "asamblea" de diez deidades. La inscripción jeroglífica asociada es breve: los dioses nombrados se alinearon en K'inchil el 11 de agosto de 3114 a.C. Firmado por el artista maya Lo' Took' Akan(?) Xok activo en el siglo VIII.

Los Ángeles County Museum of Art, "Regalo anónimo"

Rocca Brivio.

Two women walking in the background wear the same shade of reddish-orange as this amazing marble funerary statue of a girl named Phrasikleia. There's an epigram on the base that tells us she died at a young age before she could marry.

The team of Vinzenz Brinkman and Ulrike Koch-Brinkmann carefully analyzed ancient sculptures which originally were painted vivid, bright colors and re-created 17 pieces which are currently on display at the Met Museum's Greek and Roman galleries in the exhibit "Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color" It's a fascinating look at ancient works as they would have appeared when new.

The original birth of Venus. A true ancient treasure left for the ages. Botticelli's inspiration ?

Wahibreëmachet significa "Wahibre está en el horizonte". Por lo tanto, el propietario de este sarcófago lleva el nombre del faraón Psamético I (664-610 a.C.), cuyo nombre en el trono era Wahibre. Sin embargo, detrás de este nombre egipcio se esconde un griego de pura sangre: la inscripción del reverso menciona los nombres de sus padres: Alexikles y Zenodote. Los reyes de la dinastía 26 utilizaron muchos mercenarios griegos en sus ejércitos. El puerto libre de Naukratis en el delta del Nilo también atrajo a muchos inmigrantes griegos. Wahibreëmachet procedía de una familia de inmigrantes griegos, pero la decoración del sarcófago es egipcia hasta la médula: la barba de un dios, una peluca trenzada, la diosa del cielo Nut en el pecho, las diosas aladas Isis y Neftis, los hijos de Horus y otros dioses y demonios abajo. Es extraño que no haya títulos de Wahibreëmachet en el sarcófago, pero debe haber sido muy rico. Los numerosos usebtis (figurillas funerarias de sirvientes) de este hombre también muestran que se había vuelto completamente egipcio.

Ancient Petroglyph, perhaps a medicine shield?

Datado en el siglo III d.C. fue hallado en 1917 por Francisco Porcar en el paraje denominado "La Bombilla" situado en el "Pla dels Arens" en el municipio de Liria, dentro de la provincia de Valencia en la comarca del Campo de Turia.

Aparece representado Hércules realizando los doce trabajos que le encomendó el rey de Tirintio (en Micenas).

El mosaico se encuentra divido en dos zonas: en una zona presenta una decoración geométrica consistente en cuadros formados por triángulos de colores blancos y negros, en posición contrapuesta. La otra zona está formada por trece cuadrados de distintos tamaños, siendo el cuadro situado en el centro el más grande y el resto de los cuadrados de menor tamaño se encuentran dispuestos a su alrededor. En cada cuadro de menor tamaño aparecen representados los doce trabajos de Hércules.

The oldest of the five public baths within the city. A large complex, located at the intersection of two main streets in Pompeii: the Via dell'Abbondanza to the south and the Via Stabiana to the east - taking up the whole insula.

This is specifically a detail of the ceiling from the men's apodyterium (an undressing room). Privately owned slaves, or one hired at the baths (capsarius), would look after belongings while citizens enjoyed the pleasures of the baths.

The walls are decorated with plain white and red frescoes, while the vaulted ceiling features elaborate polychrome designs that incorporate rosettes, cupids and figures of Bacchus, the Roman God of wine and bacchanalia.

© All rights reserved.

El sitio se encuentra a los lados del río Salinas con una extensión de 9 km, se tiene datada la antigüedad en 8 000 años.

Urna funeraria cuya parte inferior representa la cara del dios solar "Kinich Ahau" emergiendo de las fauces de un felino (jaguar). El dios exhibe en el rostro sus atributos de pupilas con espirales incisas en el centro, anchas cejas, nariz aguileña, mejillas abultadas, boca semiabierta dejando ver los dientes, y dos volutas emergiendo de las comisuras de sus labios. Por su parte, la tapadera representa a un joven señor con los atributos propios de la divinidad solar del inframundo, sentado sobre un tronco de ceiba, que es el árbol sagrado de los mayas. Los pueblos Quiché fueron considerados como uno de los grupos más poderosos del Altiplano guatemalteco. Este tipo de urnas estaban destinadas a contener los restos del gobernante o sacerdote difunto. Esto explica su compleja elaboración, así como la presencia en su decoración de deidades o seres mitológicos emergiendo de fauces abiertas de serpientes, jaguares u otros personajes monstruosos.