Biscuit, from the Italian biscotto, baked twice, actually rusk, a fine, light pastry made mainly from flour, eggs, butter and sugar. The most important kind of it are the English B. (so called because they were formerly made exclusively in England) or cakes (pron. kehks), which in recent times have been popular because of their high nutritional value, their easy digestibility and pleasing shape, as well as because of the convenience, to be able to be stored for a long time without changing the taste, for the purposes of housekeeping, especially nursing, and for use when travelling, have gained all the greater practical importance as the price is relatively low as a result of mass production and given the great variety of products sorts is given the opportunity to find something suitable for every special need. The production of the B. is now almost exclusively done with the help of machines. The substances used to prepare B. are first fed into the mixing machine, in which an agitator works them into a fairly firm dough. From here the dough is taken to the dough sheeter and, passing between heavy cast-iron rollers several times and in different directions, is rolled out into long sheets of rubbery consistency.

In order to obtain the desired shape, the dough is fed to the leveling and cutting machine (see figure below), in which a pair of rollers at B gives the plates, which are fed in at A, a precisely uniform thickness and connects them to form a continuous dough band , which, guided by cloths, passes under an apparatus C, which is provided with a large number of cutters, so that with each stroke of the machine dozens of B. are cut out and embossed. The pieces cut out fall onto an endless cloth, which they automatically place on the trays at F, while the leftover dough in the form of a net D is also caught by a cloth and placed on a table E. The occupied sheets then get into the oven, the facility differs from the usual name in that it is of significant length, and that by means of a mechan. Device the sheets are slowly moved through. The finished baked B. fall into boxes below; individual varieties are provided with cast or other decorations, which is done by hand. In the manufacture of the soft B. (Queens, etc.) the so-called Queens syringe is used, a device which is very similar to a sausage stuffing machine, and from which the dough is pressed out in long strands to be cut off as required. Of the hundreds of types of biscuit, they are excellent for breakfast and dessert: lunch, dessert, crackers, butter: with coffee, tea and chocolate: pic-nic, chocolate, cocoa nut, fine tea, coffee bread, biscuit rings; with ice cream, wine, liqueur, etc.: fancy routs, macaroons, ratafias, ginger nut, spice nut, cinnamon, almond drops; for children: Milk, Pearl, Leaflet, Nic-Nac, Star, Sugar Nuts; for sick people, especially those with stomach problems: Cracknel, Nusks, Soda, Diet, Albert, Water, Friedrichsdorfer Zwieback, waffles; for land and sea voyages: cabin, captain, tourist, mixed, queen, ship bread; to use for soups: Soup, Gem, Vanilla Drops. Especially in Germany, due to the high efficiency of local factories, the B. has become one of the most important trade items. In addition to the larger port places, Berlin, Dresden, Cologne, Breslau, Magdeburg and others are also preferred. under consideration. In 1890, 6,543 quintals of such baked goods were imported into the German Empire, 2,214 of them from Switzerland and 1,340 from England; On the other hand, 16,421 quintals were exported, of which 2,704 went to China, 1,998 to Holland, 1,738 to the East Indies, and 1,409 to Venezuela. About two-thirds to three-fourths of these fine baked goods can be attributed to B.

In the crockery industry, B. denotes twice-fired unglazed porcelain (see Porcelain).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Biskuit, vom ital. biscotto, zweimal gebacken, demnach eigentlich Zwieback, ein feines, leichtes, im wesentlichen aus Mehl, Eiern, Butter und Zucker hergestelltes Gebäck. Die wichtigste Art desselben bilden die englischen B. (so genannt, weil sie früher ausschließlich in England hergestellt wurden) oder Cakes (spr. kehks), die in neuerer Zeit ihres hohen Nährwerts, ihrer leichten Verdaulichkeit und gefälligen Form wegen sowie infolge der Annehmlichkeit, längere Zeit ohne Veränderung des Wohlgeschmacks aufbewahrt werden zu können, für die Zwecke der Haushaltung, insbesondere der Krankenpflege, und für den Gebrauch auf Reisen eine um so höhere praktische Bedeutung gewonnen haben, als infolge der Massenfabrikation der Preis verhältnismäßig niedrig und bei der großen Mannigfaltigkeit der Sorten die Möglichkeit gegeben ist, für jeden speciellen Bedarf Passendes zu finden. Die Herstellung der B. geschieht jetzt fast ausschließlich mit Hilfe von Maschinen. Die zur Bereitung von B. verwendeten Substanzen werden zunächst der Mischmaschine zugeführt, in der ein Rührwerk dieselben zu einem ziemlich festen Teig verarbeitet. Von hier aus wird der Teig auf die Teigwalzmaschine gebracht und, indem derselbe mehrmals und in verschiedenen Richtungen zwischen schweren gußeisernen Walzen hindurchgeht, zu langen Platten von gummiartiger Konsistenz ausgewalzt.

Um die gewünschte Form zu erhalten, kommt der Teig auf die Egalisier- und Ausstechmaschine (s. umstehende Abbildung), in der bei B ein Walzenpaar den Platten, die bei A aufgegeben werden, eine genau gleichmäßige Stärke erteilt und sie zu einem fortlaufenden Teigbande verbindet, das, durch Tücher geführt, unter einen Apparat C tritt, der mit einer großen Anzahl von Ausstechern versehen ist, sodaß bei jedem Hub der Maschine Dutzende von B. ausgestochen und geprägt werden. Die ausgestochenen Stücke fallen auf ein endloses Tuch, das sie selbstthätig bei F auf die Bleche ablegt, während die Teigreste in der Form eines Netzes D gleichfalls durch ein Tuch erfaßt und auf einen Tisch E abgelegt werden. Die belegten Bleche gelangen hierauf in den Backofen, dessen Einrichtung sich von der sonst üblichen namentlich dadurch unterscheidet, daß er von bedeutender Länge ist, und daß mittels einer mechan. Vorrichtung die Bleche langsam hindurchbewegt werden. Die fertig gebackenen B. fallen in untergestellte Kisten; einzelne Sorten werden noch mit Guß oder sonstigen Verzierungen versehen, was durch Handarbeit geschieht. Bei der Herstellung der weichen B. (der Queens u. s. w.) bedient man sich der sog. Queensspritze, einer Vorrichtung, die mit einer Wurstfüllmaschine große Ähnlichkeit hat, und aus welcher der Teig in langen Strängen ausgepreßt wird, um nach Erfordernis abgeschnitten zu werden. Von den nach Hunderten zählenden Biskuitsorten eignen sich vorzüglich zum Frühstück und Nachtisch: Lunch, Dessert, Cracker, Butter: zu Kaffee, Thee und Schokolade: Pic-Nic, Chocolate, Cocoa-Nut, Fine Tea, Kaffeebrot, Biskuitkringel; zu Eis, Wein, Liqueur u. s. w.: Fancy-Routs, Macaroons, Ratafias, Ginger-Nut, Spice-Nut, Cinnamon, Almond-Drops; für Kinder: Milk, Pearl, Leaflet, Nic-Nac, Star, Zuckernüsse; für Kranke, insbesondere Magenleidende: Cracknel, Nusks, Soda, Diet, Albert, Water, Friedrichsdorfer Zwieback, Waffeln; für Land- und Seereisen: Cabin, Captain, Tourist, Mixed, Queen, Schifssbrot; zum Gebrauch für Suppen: Soup, Gem, Vanille-Drops. Speciell in Deutschland sind, infolge der hohen Leistungsfähigkeit einheimischer Fabriken, die B. einer der wichtigsten Handelsartikel geworden. Außer den größern Hafenplätzen kommen vorzugsweise noch Berlin, Dresden, Köln, Breslau, Magdeburg u. a. in Betracht. Im Deutschen Reiche wurden 1890 an derartigen Backwaren 6543 Doppelcentner eingeführt, davon 2214 aus der Schweiz, 1340 aus England; dagegen 16421 Doppelcentner ausgeführt, davon 2704 nach China, 1998 nach Holland, 1738 nach Ostindien, 1409 nach Venezuela. Unter diesen feinern Backwaren dürften etwa zwei Drittel bis drei Viertel dem B. zuzurechnen sein.

In der Thonwarenindustrie bezeichnet man mit B. zweimal gebranntes unglasiertes Porzellan (s. Porzellan).

Design PSV VS 485 CD

Classification DNV + 1A1, Ice C, DYNPOS Autr, Clean Design,

Comf- V(3) C(3), E0, LfL, SF Oil rec,

d k+, hl(p), Compliance to NAUT-OSV

Builders Hellesøy Yard Løfallstrand

Port of reg. Fosnavaa g

Flag BAHAMAS

MMSI 311 071 800

IMO no 9470193

Delivery Date june 2010

Callsign C6ZY3

MEASUREMENTS

Length o.a.: 85.00 m

Length b.p.p.: 77.70 m

Breath moulded: 20.00 m

Depth moulded: 8.60 m

Draught, Max.: 6.825 m

Freeboard, min.: 1.775 m

Air Draft (at summerdr.) 35.00 m

Gross tonnage: 4 366 t

Net tonnage: 1 813 t

Deadweight: 5 486 t

Lightship: 3 069 t

Classification

DNV + 1A1, Ice C, DYNPOS Autr, Clean Design, Comf- V(3) C(3), E0,

LfL, SF Oil rec, dk+, hl(p), Compliance to NAUT-OSV

CARGO CAPACITIES NOFO 2 0 0 5

Deck cargo: 2 800 tons

Deck area max: 1 005 m2

Deck Length: 60.6 m

Deck breadth: 16.8 m

Cargo Rail height: 4.46 m

Deck strength: 10 tonnes/m2

Fuel Oil: 903.5 m3 Flow meter with printer

Liquid Mud: SG 2.8 702.9 m3

1 Agitators in each tank (Hyd. Driven)

Brine: SG 2.5 418 m3

Base oil: 203 m3

Pot water: 1 007.3 m3

Drillwater / ballast: 2 470 m3

Methanol +: 145.5 m3

Nitrogen bottle rack system + 1 Nitrogene Comp.

Special Product: 146 m3

Slop: 186.8 m3

ORO: 1 803.2 m3 (SG 2.8)

Cement / Barite/bentonit: 440 m3s

8 x 55 m3 Tanks arranged in 2 sevtion, what allows simultaneous loading and discharging or loading/discharging

of two different cargoes.

Dispersant: 34.4 m3

Lubrication oil: 34.8 m3

TANK CLEANING SYSTEM

A total of 11 cleaning machines fitted in: MUD, Brine, special product and Slop tanks

Hot Water Tank: 1 x 45.7 m3

DISCHARGE RATES

Fuel Oil: 2 x 0-150 m3/h 9 bar

Liquid Mud: 4 x 0-100 m3/h 24 bar

Brine: 2 x 0-150 m3 22.5 bar

Base Oil: 2 x 0-100 m3/h 9 bar

Base oil: 2 x 0-100 m3/h 9 bar

Pot.water: 1 x 0-150 m3 9 bar

Drillwater/ballast: 2 x 0-150 m3 9 bar

Methanol: 1 x 0-75 m3 7.2 bar

Special Product: 1 x 0-75 m3 10.8 bar

Slop: 2 x 100 m3/hrs 7,0 bar

ORO: 8 x 0-100 m3/bar 7.0 bar

Cement / Barite: 2 x 30 m3/h 6.5 bar

CARGO MANI FOLDS

Manifolds midships each side inside safe haven and aft starboard and port side.

MACHINERY / D/E-PROPULSION Resiliently Mounted

Main Engines: 4 x 1 901 kW Cat: Type 3 516 BTA

Main generators: 4 x AvK DSG 86 M1-4W. (2 028 kVA)

Harbour & Emergency Engine: 1 x 265 kW Volvo Penta D9A

Harbour & Emergency generator: 1 x 223 kVA. UC.M274H-1

690V; 60Hz

MAIN PROPULSION

Frequency controlled: 2 x 2 300 KW Azi Diesel Electric QD-

560M2-6W. (Fixed pitch)

Fwd. Tunnel thrusters: 2 x 1 000 KW. Brunvoll

Fwd. Brunvoll Retractable Azi: 1 x 800 Brunvoll AR-63-LNA-1650 retracable thruster

PERFORMANCE / CONSUMPTION

Max speed: 15.4 knots / 28.4 m3/24 hrs

Transit speed: 14.2 knots / 23.32 m3/24 hrs

Econ- speed: 11.0 knots / 12 m3/24 hrs

Service. speed: 12.5 knots / 17.14 m3 pr 24 hrs

DP II Average: 5.6 m3/ 24 hrs

Harbour Mode: 2.0 m3 / 24 hrs

BRIDGE DES I GN: NA U T - OSV

1 x Consol forward bridge

3 x Consol aft bridge

1 x Consol each bridge wing

1 x Radio station

1 x Operation Control/office

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Wartsila IAS FlexiBridge (BridgeControl System)

DP S Y S TEM DYNPOS A U TR

Kongsberg DP II K-Pos

1 x Fanbeam Kongsberg Lazer Mk4.2

1 x Radascan

2 x DPS Kongsberg 200CM

2 x Vindsensor Gill

1 x Roll & Pitch Sea Tex MRU2

1 x DP motion Sea Tex MRU5

THRUSTER CONTROL

Kongsberg C-Joy Constant

BRIDGE WATCH MONITORING SYSTEM

Kongsberg Integrated Bridge

ACCOMMODATION 23 PERSONS

Cabins 13 off single cabins

5 off double cabins

1 off office

1 off Hospital

LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT

Safety Equipment: Acc to NMD/SOLAS for 23 persons

Life Raft: 4 x 25 persons Viking

Mob boat: Norsafe type 655 makojet, 10 persons

Mob boat davit: 1 x HLT 3 500 TTS

Survival suits: 23 persons

INCINERATOR

1 x Teamtec. 500 000 kcal/h for solid waste, plastic and sludge oil.

STEAM GENERATOR

1x 1 450 kW and el.heating 4 x 10 kW

ENTERTAINING EQUIPMENTS

1 x Sat. TV: Seatel

1 x Rack with 4 x Tuners and 1x DVD

1 x TV in all crew cabins

1 x TV in all lounges

1 x Radio / CD in all cabins

1 x Gymnasium w/Equipments

DEC K EQUIPMENT

Windless 2 x Windlass Mooring winch

Mooring 4 x Mooring lines 180 m each

Capstan 2 x 8t, NMD

Anchor chain 5225 m Ø 46 mm steel grade NVK3

Cargo securing winch 6 x 3t SWL. NMD CSW-3

Placed on each side Shelter Deck.

Tugger Winch 2 x SWL 15t, type TU-15

Deck Crane PS Basket transfer 1 x 3 t/13 m SWL. TTS Marine GPK 115

Deck Crane Stb. Cargo handling 1 x 3t /13 m SWL. TTS Marine GPT-80

ANTI ROLLING SYSTEM

2 x Stabilizing tanks. Passive anti.roll system. 439.9 m3 (aft) and 159.6 m3 (fwd)

Navigation Equipment

1x Furuno FAR-2837S. S-band radar (10 cm)

1 x Furuno FCR-2827. X-band radar (3 cm)

1 x Autopilot. Simrad AP-50

3 x Gyro Simrad GC-80

2 x GPS Furuno GP-150

1 x AIS Furuno FA-150

1 x Speed Log. Skipper EML224

1 x Echo Sounder Furuno FE-700

1 x Speed repeater Skipper IR300

ECDIS. Furuno Tecdis T-2137

VDR. Furuno VR-3000

COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT GMDS S A 3

GSM Telephones. Samsung

Radar transponders. 1 x Jotron Tron SART

GMDSS hand portable VHF. Jotron Tron TR-20

UHF Portable radio. Motorola GP-340

Inmarsat-C. Furuno Felcom 15

Radio Station MF/HF. Furuno FS-2570C

Radio Station VHF/DSC. Furuno FM-8800S

DSC Terminal. MF/HF Furuno FS-2570C

NavTex. Furuno NX-700B

Manual EPIRB. Jotron 45 SX

Sarsat free float EPIRB. Jotron Tron 40S MkII

Internal Telephone System. Zenitel ACM-144-66/VO

Sound reception System. Vingtor

Fixed wiewlwaa terminal, Ericson G32/G36

Emergency Telephone System, Vingtor VSP-211-L

Public Announcement/GA Alarm: Zenitel VMA-2

River Dargle Flood Defence Scheme.

These images were taken during the first week of December 2016.

Work has finished on the construction of the 'debris trap' in the river bed, opposite the Rivervale Apartments complex. This work was begun a few years ago, and halted with the creation of a pit, and the placement of (what I like to call) the 8 Dargle Dolmen stones (upright pillars) - 4 of which are immediately visible to the eye.

The ‘Debris Trap’ consists of 12 concrete elliptical shaped columns approximately 1.6m (5ft) high spaced 0.5m apart across the river channel -- essential for trapping any trees or other objects which may flow down the river in flood conditions.

To create proper foundations for the columns, the guys had to drive steel piles deep into the bed of the river. Similar to work done elsewhere. Within that waterproof chamber, they set/poured concrete to build the columns.

So, as we can see, they'd (chamfered) dressed a terrace adjacent to the pillars.

Now there are engaged in what is know as 'Hydro-seeding'.

Hydroseeding:

Hydroseeding (hydraulic mulch seeding) is the process of spraying a specially mixed slurry comprising of water, seed, hydro-mulch, fertiliser plus eco-friendly binder in just one operation. Although the optimum times to hydroseed are Spring and Autumn, with the right weather conditions hydroseeding can be carried out throughout the year.

Individual mixtures (grasses, legumes, wildflower, tree & shrub seed and sedum) can all be applied with a variety of different hydro-mulches; wood fibre, paper etc, together with organic tackifiers, fertilisers and trace elements to establish vegetation on inhospitable sites.

Additives to the hydroseed mix such as plant hormones, additional erosion control tackifier, soil amendments and microbial bacteria, enhance germination establishment to create the ideal growing environment that increases moisture retention, aids soil stabilisation, provides valuable nutrients and helps fight disease.

Looks like they're using the T-60 HydroSeeder® - 600 Gallon Working Capacity Tank.

The Finn Model T-60 Series II is the ideal 600 gallon HydroSeeder® for the landscaper or contractor who needs an economical machine for seeding smaller jobs. Coverage is up to 7200 square feet per load with seed, fertilizer and mulch in an easy, one-step process.

Private homes, ball fields, apartments, condominiums and golf course work are just a few of the ideal applications for the T-60. For a small investment you can become a one-person seeding and mulching crew.

The T-60 combines top machine performance with a clean, operator friendly design. For the maximum in mixing efficiency, the T-60 features both hydraulically controlled paddle agitator and liquid re-circulation. For operator convenience, agitator controls are at each end of the tank. A low machine profile allows for easy material loading and excellent sta bility. A large tool box in the hitch can be used for storing hose & nozzles.

Finn's powerful centrifugal slurry pump is driven by an in-line common shaft clutch, eliminating high maintenance belts and coupling. This new configuration dramatically increases output and operating pressure.

he was a political agitator, she worked as a secretary.

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Ex Boral - may have been a concrete agitator.

Urquhart Castle;( Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal na Sròine) sits beside Loch Ness in the Highlands of Scotland. The castle is on the A82 road, 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Inverness and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the village of Drumnadrochit.

The present ruins date from the 13th to the 16th centuries, though built on the site of an early medieval fortification. Founded in the 13th century, Urquhart played a role in the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century. It was subsequently held as a royal castle, and was raided on several occasions by the MacDonald Earls of Ross. The castle was granted to the Clan Grant in 1509, though conflict with the MacDonalds continued. Despite a series of further raids the castle was strengthened, only to be largely abandoned by the middle of the 17th century. Urquhart was partially destroyed in 1692 to prevent its use by Jacobite forces, and subsequently decayed. In the 20th century it was placed in state care and opened to the public: it is now one of the most-visited castles in Scotland.

The castle, situated on a headland overlooking Loch Ness, is one of the largest in Scotland in area.[2] It was approached from the west and defended by a ditch and drawbridge. The buildings of the castle were laid out around two main enclosures on the shore. The northern enclosure or Nether Bailey includes most of the more intact structures, including the gatehouse, and the five-storey Grant Tower at the north end of the castle. The southern enclosure or Upper Bailey, sited on higher ground, comprises the scant remains of earlier buildings.

History

Early Middle Ages

The name Urquhart derives from the 7th-century form Airdchartdan, itself a mix of Gaelic air (by) and Old Welsh cardden (thicket or wood). Pieces of vitrified stone, subjected to intense heat and characteristic of early medieval fortification, had been discovered at Urquhart from the early 20th century.Speculation that Urquhart may have been the fortress of Bridei son of Maelchon, king of the northern Picts, led Professor Leslie Alcock to undertake excavations in 1983. Adomnán's Life of Columba records that St. Columba visited Bridei some time between 562 and 586, though little geographical detail is given. Adomnán also relates that during the visit, Columba converted a Pictish nobleman named Emchath, who was on his deathbed, his son Virolec, and their household, at a place called Airdchartdan. The excavations, supported by radiocarbon dating, indicated that the rocky knoll at the south-west corner of the castle had been the site of an extensive fort between the 5th and 11th centuries. The findings led Professor Alcock to conclude that Urquhart is most likely to have been the site of Emchath's residence, rather than that of Bridei who is more likely to have been based at Inverness, either at the site of the castle or at Craig Phadrig to the west.

The early castle

Some sources state that William the Lion had a royal castle at Urquhart in the 12th century, though Professor Alcock finds no evidence for this.[12] In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Meic Uilleim (MacWilliams), descendents of Malcolm III, staged a series of rebellions against David I and his successors. The last of these rebellions was put down in 1229, and to maintain order Alexander II granted Urquhart to his Hostarius (usher or door-ward), Thomas de Lundin. On de Lundin's death a few years later it passed to his son Alan Durward. It is considered likely that the original castle was built soon after this time, centred on the motte at the south-west of the site.In 1275, after Alan's death, the king granted Urquhart to John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch.

The first documentary record of Urquhart Castle occurs in 1296, when it was captured by Edward I of England. Edward's invasion marked the beginning of the Wars of Scottish Independence, which would go on intermittently until 1357. Edward appointed Sir William fitz Warin as constable to hold the castle for the English. In 1297 he was ambushed by Sir Andrew de Moray while returning from Inverness, and Moray subsequently laid siege to the castle, launching an unsuccessful night attack. The English must have been dislodged soon after, since in 1298 Urquhart was again controlled by the Scots. In 1303 Sir Alexander de Forbes failed to hold off another English assault. This time Edward installed as governor Alexander Comyn, brother of John, as the family had sided with the English against Robert Bruce. Following his murder of the Red Comyn in 1306, Bruce completed his defeat of the Comyns when he marched through the Great Glen in 1307, taking the castles of Inverlochy, Urquhart and Inverness. After this time Urquhart became a royal castle, held for the crown by a series of constables.

The remains of the 13th-century "shell keep" or motte is the earliest part of the castle to survive

Sir Robert Lauder of Quarrelwood was constable of Urquhart Castle in 1329. After fighting at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333, where the Scots were defeated, Lauder returned to hold Urquhart against another threatened English invasion. It is recorded as being one of only five castles in Scotland held by the Scots at this time.[nb 1] In 1342, David II spent the summer hunting at Urquhart, the only king to have stayed here.

Over the next two hundred years, the Great Glen was raided frequently by the MacDonald Lords of the Isles, powerful rulers of a semi-independent kingdom in western Scotland, with a claim to the earldom of Ross. In 1395, Domhnall of Islay seized Urquhart Castle from the crown, and managed to retain it for more than 15 years. In 1411, he marched through the glen to take on the king's supporters at the Battle of Harlaw. Although an indecisive battle, Domhnall subsequently lost the initiative and the crown was soon back in control of Urquhart. In 1437 Domhnall's son Alexander, now Earl of Ross, raided around Glen Urquhart but could not take the castle. Royal funds were granted to shore up the castle's defences. Alexander's son John succeeded his father in 1449, aged 16. In 1452 he too led a raid up the Great Glen, seizing Urquhart, and subsequently obtained a grant of the lands and castle of Urquhart for life. However, in 1462 John made an agreement with Edward IV of England against the Scottish King James III. When this became known to James in 1476, John was stripped of his titles, and Urquhart was turned over to an ally, the Earl of Huntly.

The Grants

The Grant Tower viewed from Loch Ness

Huntly brought in Sir Duncan Grant of Freuchie to restore order to the area around Urquhart Castle. His son John Grant of Freuchie (d.1538) was given a five-year lease of the Glen Urquhart estate in 1502. In 1509, Urquhart Castle, along with the estates of Glen Urquhart and Glenmoriston, was granted by James IV to John Grant in perpetuity, on condition that he repair and rebuild the castle.[20] The Grants maintained their ownership of the castle until 1912, although the raids from the west continued. In 1513, following the disaster of Flodden, Sir Donald MacDonald of Lochalsh attempted to gain from the disarray in Scotland by claiming the Lordship of the Isles and occupying Urquhart Castle. Grant regained the castle before 1517, but not before the MacDonalds had driven off 300 cattle and 1,000 sheep, as well as looting the castle of provisions. Grant unsuccessfully attempted to claim damages from MacDonald. James Grant of Freuchie (d.1553) succeeded his father, and in 1544 became involved with Huntly and Clan Fraser in a feud with the Macdonalds of Clanranald, which culminated in the Battle of the Shirts. In retaliation, the MacDonalds and their allies the Camerons attacked and captured Urquhart in 1545. Known as the "Great Raid", this time the MacDonalds succeeded in taking 2,000 cattle, as well as hundreds of other animals, and stripped the castle of its furniture, cannon, and even the gates. Grant regained the castle, and was also awarded Cameron lands as recompense.

The Great Raid proved to be the last raid. In 1527, the historian Hector Boece wrote of the "rewinous wallis" of Urquhart,[21] but by the close of the 16th century Urquhart had been rebuilt by the Grants, now a powerful force in the Highlands. Repairs and remodelling continued as late as 1623, although the castle was no longer a favoured residence. In 1644 a mob of Covenanters (Presbyterian agitators) broke into the castle when Lady Mary Grant was staying, robbing her and turning her out for her adherence to Episcopalianism. An inventory taken in 1647 shows the castle virtually empty.[25] When Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland in 1650, he disregarded Urquhart in favour of building forts at either end of the Great Glen.

Broken masonry from the destruction of the gatehouse

When James VII was deposed in the Revolution of 1688, Ludovic Grant of Freuchie sided with William of Orange and garrisoned the castle with 200 of his own soldiers. Though lacking weapons they were well-provisioned and, when a force of 500 Jacobites (supporters of the exiled James) laid siege, the garrison were able to hold out until after the defeat of the main Jacobite force at Cromdale in May 1690. When the soldiers finally left they blew up the gatehouse to prevent reoccupation of the castle by the Jacobites. Large blocks of collapsed masonry are still visible beside the remains of the gatehouse. Parliament ordered £2,000 compensation to be paid to Grant, but no repairs were undertaken.Subsequent plundering of the stonework and other materials for re-use by locals further reduced the ruins, and the Grant Tower partially collapsed following a storm in 1715.

Later history

By the 1770s the castle was roofless, and was regarded as a romantic ruin by 19th-century painters and visitors to the Highlands.In 1884 the castle came under the control of Caroline, Dowager Countess of Seafield, widow of the 7th Earl of Seafield, on the death of her son the 8th Earl. On Lady Seafield's death in 1911 her will instructed that Urquhart Castle be entrusted into state care, and in October 1913 responsibility for the castle's upkeep was transferred to the Commissioners of His Majesty's Works and Public Buildings. Historic Scotland, the successor to the Office of Works, continues to maintain the castle, which is a category A listed building and a scheduled monument in recognition of its national significance.

In 1994 Historic Scotland proposed construction of a new visitor centre and car park to alleviate the problems of parking on the main A82 road. Strong local opposition led to a public inquiry, which approved the proposals in 1998 .The new building is sunk into the embankment below the road, with provision for parking on the roof of the structure.The visitor centre includes a display on the history of the site, including a series of replicas from the medieval period; a cinema; a restaurant; and shop. The castle is open all year, and can also host wedding ceremonies.[33] In 2011 more than 315,000 people visited Urquhart Castle, making it Historic Scotland's third most visited site after the castles of Edinburgh and Stirling.

Urquhart Castle is sited on Strone Point, a triangular promontory on the north-western shore of Loch Ness, and commands the route along this side of the Great Glen as well as the entrance to Glen Urquhart. The castle is quite close to water level, though there are low cliffs along the north-east sides of the promontory. There is considerable room for muster on the inland side, where a "castle-toun" of service buildings would originally have stood, as well as gardens and orchards in the 17th century.[2] Beyond this area the ground rises steeply to the north-west, up to the visitor centre and the A82. A dry moat, 30 metres (98 ft) across at its widest, defends the landward approach, possibly excavated in the early Middle Ages. A stone-built causeway provides access, with a drawbridge formerly crossing the gap at the centre. The castle side of the causeway was formerly walled-in, forming an enclosed space similar to a barbican .

Urquhart is one of the largest castles in Scotland in area The walled portion of the castle is shaped roughly like a figure-8 aligned northeast-southwest along the bank of the loch, around 150 by 46 metres (492 by 151 ft), forming two baileys (enclosures): the Nether Bailey to the north, and the Upper Bailey to the south.[nb 2] The curtain walls of both enclosures date largely to the 14th century, though much augmented by later building, particularly to the north where most of the remaining structures are located.

Nether Bailey

The remains of the gatehouse

The 16th-century gatehouse is on the inland side of the Nether Bailey, and comprises twin D-plan towers flanking an arched entrance passage. Formerly the passage was defended by a portcullis and a double set of doors, with guard rooms either side. Over the entrance are a series of rooms which may have served as accommodation for the castle's keeper. Collapsed masonry surrounds the gatehouse, dating from its destruction after 1690.

The Nether Bailey, the main focus of activity in the castle since around 1400,[36] is anchored at its northern tip by the Grant Tower, the main tower house or keep. The tower measures 12 by 11 metres (39 by 36 ft), and has walls up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) thick. The tower rests on 14th-century foundations, but is largely the result of 16th-century rebuilding Originally of five storeys, it remains the tallest portion of the castle despite the southern wall collapsing in a storm in the early 18th century. The standing parts of the parapet, remodelled in the 1620s, show that the corners of the tower were topped by corbelled bartizans (turrets). ] Above the main door on the west, and the postern to the east, are machicolations, narrow slots through which objects could be dropped on attackers. The western door is also protected by its own ditch and drawbridge, accessed from a cobbled "Inner Close" separated from the main bailey by a gate. The surviving interior sections can still be accessed via the circular staircase built into the east wall of the tower. The interior would have comprised a hall on the first floor, with rooms on another two floors above, and attic chambers in the turrets. Rooms on the main floors have large 16th-century windows, though with small pistol-holes below to allow for defence.

To the south of the tower is a range of buildings built against the thick, buttressed, 14th-century curtain wall. The great hall occupied the central part of this range, with the lord's private apartments of great chamber and solar in the block to the north, and kitchens to the south. The foundations of a rectangular building stand on a rocky mound within the Nether Bailey, tentatively identified as a chapel.

Upper Bailey

The Upper Bailey is focused on the rocky mound at the south-west corner of the castle. The highest part of the headland, this mound is the site of the earliest defences at Urquhart. Vitrified material, characteristic of early medieval fortification, was discovered on the slopes of the mound, indicating the site of the early medieval fortification identified by Professor Alcock. In the 13th century, the mound became the motte of the original castle built by the Durwards, and the surviving walls represent a "shell keep" (a hollow enclosure) of this date. These ruins are fragmentary, but indicate that there were towers to the north and south of the shell keep.

A 16th-century water gate in the eastern wall of the Upper Bailey gives access to the shore of the loch.The adjacent buildings may have housed the stables. To the south of this, opposite the motte, is the base of a doocot (pigeon house) and the scant remains of 13th-century buildings, possibly once a great hall but more recently re-used as a smithy.

"Modern Plastics Magazine"

1956

click here for some festive pink snow

Sixteen things about me...(Thanks Nadine .. for tagging all your contacts!...)

hmmmm....

1. This is really pushing the envelope for me,..( heck look at my profile!)

2. I am a carnivore, a nice steak with a blue cheese and tarragon butter melting on top is heaven to me

3. I was married once, up until this past year.

4. I have two great gifts from him though, Peter and Michelle (love you!)

5. I have lived in 14 different houses(not including temporary places that would be about 23 )

6. I am not a door knob....

7. Am a military brat (explains # 5 just a bit but not # 6)

8. Was a Air Force spouse (also known as base agitator lol....)

9. I was born in Germany....

10. My Dad passed away in February very suddenly miss him..........

11. I have had a gun to my head, ( robbery,.. be cool honey bunny be cool,, one of those types of robberies)

12. love vintage mercury glass ornaments

13. I paint...

14. Gardening, baking and # 13 have to do one or the other, it's like therapy for me I guess

15. Oh and laugh, as much as possible

16. was a member of a book club aka drunk club... I don't think we ever discussed the books we read after the first meeting.....

Latest incarnation of the long running tilt cab ACCO, first introduced by International Harvester Australia in 1972.

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Place de Wagram | Boulevard Pereire 12/04/2019 10h05

A space invader hunting day started in the 17ème arrondissement of Paris, on my way to PA_1396. A beautiful sunny day!

Place de Wagram

Place de Wagram is a square in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, at the junction of Boulevard Malesherbes, Boulevard Pereire and Avenue de Wagram. It forms one end of Avenue de Wagram (the other is Place de l'Étoile) and was renamed after the 1809 French victory at Wagram in 1868.

[ Wikipedia ]

Boulevard Pereire

Boulevard Pereire is boulevard in the 17ème arrondissement of Paris in the quartiers Ternes, Plaine de Monceaux and Batignolles. Boulevard is formed by two lanes with trees located on either side of the Auteuil line (now RER C). The even side has a lenght of 2,260 meters and the odd side a length of 2,540 meters. This boulevard is created in 1853. Under the occupation, a name change was proposed by Captain Paul Sezille, director of the Institute for the Study of Jewish issues, because of the Jewish Pereire Brothers. He suggested that the SS Theodor Dannecker the name "Édouard Drumont" named after the famous anti-Semitic agitator.

Arrondissement: 17ème

Quartiers: Ternes, Plaine de Monceaux, Batignolles

Starts: rue Jouffroy-d'Abbans / rue de Saussure

Ends: avenue de la Grande-Armée / boulevard Gouvion-Saint-Cyr

Length: côté impair: 2 540 meters, côté pair: 2 260 meters

[ Source and more Information: Wikipedia - Boulevard Pereire ]

MV “SOLVIK SUPPLIER”

SHIP DESIGN PSV VS 485 CD

CLASSIFICATION DNV

BUILDER SEVERNAYA YARD ST PETERSBURG, HULL NO 696

PORT OF REGISTRY NASSAU

FLAG BAHAMAS

MMSI 311 070 200

IMO NUMBER 95 89 607

DELIVERY NOVEMBER 2011

CALL SIGN C6ZW5

MACHINERY AND PROPELLER PLANTS

Main Engines/Generators : 4 x 1825 kw CAT 3516B-DSG

Emergency Generator: 1 x 200 kw Volvo Penta D9A

Main Propulsion: 2 x 2300 kw SteerProp SP 35 CRP

FWD Azimuth: 1 x 880 kw Brunvoll CPP

FWD Tunnel Thrusters: 2 x 1000 kw Brunvoll CPP

CARGO CAPACITIES NOFO 2005

Deck Cargo: 2 800 Tons

Deck Area: 1000 m2 wood covered deck

Deck Strength: 10 Tons/m2

Fuel Oil: 903 m3, Flowmeter with Printer

Fuel Transfer Capasity: 2 x 150 m3/hour

Liquid Mud (SG 2.8): 703 m3, 4 x 100 m3/hour

Agitators: Fitted in each tank

Brine (SG 2.5): 418 m3, 2x 150 m3/hour

Base Oil: 203 m3, 2 x 100 m3/hour

Pot Water: 1007 m3, 1 x 150 m3/hour

Drill Water/Ballast: 2470 m3, 2 x 150 m3/hour

Methanol: 145 m3, 1 x 75 m3/hour

Special Products: 146 m3, 1 x 75 m3/hour

Slop: 186 m3, 2 x 100 m3/hour

ORO: 1803 m3, 8 x 100 m3/hour

Cement/Barite/Bentonit: 440 m3, 2 x 30 m3/hour

Dispersant: 34 m3

Lubrication oil: 35 m3

ENVIRONMENT AND CARGO CONTROL PLANTS

Icinerator: Saniterm SH 20 SM/SR

Steam Generator: Parat Halvorsen AS 1600 kw

Hot Liquid Cargo Tank: 1 x 146 m3

Tank Cleaning: Per Gjerdrum AS

Special Cargo Tanks: Stainless Steel Tanks for Methanol

Inert Gas System: N2 Generator, Membrane Separation

Cargo Manifolds: Amidships and Aft each side

inside “Safe haven”

NAVIGATION

Bridge Consoles: Aft, Fwd and both Wings

Operation Control Office: Located on Bridge

Autopilot: Furuno AP 50

DP System: Kongsberg K Pos DP 2

Joystick System: Kongsberg C-Joy Constant

DP Motion System 1: Sea Tex MRU 2

DP Motion System 1: Sea Tex MRU 5

Fanbeam: Kongsberg Lazer Mk 4,2

DGPS: 2 x Kongsberg Seatex

Wind Sensor: 2 x Kongsberg Maritime

Radar 1: Furuno FAR 2137 S

Radar 2: Furuno FCR 2827 Chart Radar

Echo Sounder: Furuno FE 700

Gyro: 3 x Simrad GC 80

Speed Repeater: Skipper IR 300

VDR: Furuno VR 3000

Bridge Watch: VICO system NAUT/OSV

ECDIS: Tecdis T 2138

Speed log: Furuno DS 80

SPEED AND FUEL CONSUMPTION

Full speed: 15.0 knots 28.0 m3/24 hours

Service speed: 12.5 knots 17.0 m3/24 hours

Economic speed: 11.0 knots 12.0 m3/24 hours

DP operation: 5.6 m3/24 hours at position keeping

Harbor mode: 1.4 m3/24 hours

CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT

1 x TTS Marine GPK knuckle crane, SWL 3 tons/13 meter

1 x TTS Marine GPT telescopic jib, SWL 3 tons/13 meter

2 x Capstans aft, NDM SWL 8 tons

6 x Cargo Securing Winches, NDM SWL 3 tons

1 x Tugger Winch, NDM TU SWL 15 tons

LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT

Ship Certificate: 23 persons

Life Rafts: 4 x 25 persons Unitor

MOB: 1 x NOREQ RRB 500

MOB Davit: 1 x HLT 3500 TTS

Survival Suits: 23 SOLAS Immersion Suits

COMMUNICATION

Navtex: Furuno NX-700 B

Radar Transponder: 2 x Jotron Tron SART

DSC Terminal: Furuno FS 2570 C

AIS: Furuno FA 150

EPIRB manual: Jotron 45 SX

EPIRB Free Float: Jotron Tron 40 S Mk II

Radio Station: SSB, MF, HF, Furuno FS 1570

VHF Portable: 3 x Jotron Tron TR 20 GMDSS

VHF Station: Furuno FM 8800 S

UHF Portable: 5 x Motorola GP 340

Inmarsat C: Furuno Felcom 15

Intercom: Zenitel ACM 144 66/VO

Sound System: Vingtor VSS 111

Emergency: Vingtor VSP 211 L

PA System: Zenitel VPA 120, 240 and 400

Satelitt Communication: TBA

Mobile Phone: TBA

Vessel E-mail: captain@vestlandoffshore.no

ACCOMMODATION

Outfitted for 23 persons in spacious and comfortable facilities

Single Cabins: 15 with bathrooms

Double Cabins: 4 with bathrooms

Hospital: 1 Highest standard

Office: 1 fully outfitted

Day Room: 2 comfortable outfitted

Gymnasium: 1 fully outfitted

Entertainment: In Day Rooms and all Cabins

Antiroll Tank: 1 x 440 m3 + 1 x 160

This villa was built in the 18th century on one of the most beautiful places on earth with a killer view! Only this view will add a million dollars to the price of these grounds. It was built by a wealthy baron who built it as his summer house. When the baron left, rumours say that the villa was owned by anarchists, Utopians and agitators. At one time even they left and currently the place is awaiting to be bought. Probably for some several millions…

The surrounding gardens are packed with tropical plants and when we were there we heard the gardener at work some 15 meters away. I think the surrounding luxury villas make sure also this garden is kept nice and tidy. We managed to avoid the gardener and did our thing in the Mediterranean sun.

Please visit www.preciousdecay.com for more pictures

A nice memento illustration that the Great War was truly a World War. It is in fact also in important historical document, as it provided photographic evidence of the "Dschihad für den deutschen Kaiser" or the "Jihad for the German Emperor" - Kaiser Wilhelm II.

The note on the back, kindly transcribed by Xiphophilos, reveals that this a soldier of the Indian Army using a megaphone to tell his countrymen still fighting for the British that a Holy war had been declared against England.

This Muslim soldier had deflected or was a turned prisoner of war, now working for the Germans.

Some more information on how things got this far...

It was in fact the German diplomat and Baron Max von Oppenheim who was the key figure here. As an observer for the German Empire, he lived in Cairo for many years and as such became an Orient expert speaking fluent Arabic and who had many contacts. As the great war started, he received orders to incite the Arabs ranging from the Middle East and Egypt to India to a Holy war - against their British colonial masters.

The alliance of the German Empire with the Ottoman Empire of course fitted in this picture as well. Their Sultan-Caliph Mehmed V., a spiritual leader of Muslims, also declared the Holy war on the British when the war started. Also, in 1915, Oppenheim travelled towards the East and the Arabian Peninsula, going from mosque to mosque, talking about the infidel colonialists in Africa and Asia. He went through Syria, Palestine, Sinai and traveled the Northwest Arabian peninsula, trying to evoque a Sectarian violence.

The British recognized the danger and tried to seek alliance with the Arabs as well, through Thomas Edward Lawrence, better known as Lawrence of Arabia. They managed to get Sharif Hussein on board.

Info was used form this article:

einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/6327/ds...

This was of course the bigger picture, a small part was the creation of special "Halbmondlager" (Crescent Camps) for Moslem prisoners of war in Zossen near Berlin and in Wünsdorf, where the prisoners received halal food, could observe Ramadan, and had their own imams. Turkish agitators were supposed to persuade the POWs to join the cause of the axis powers. About 30.000 POWs were on those 2 camps and some were clearly turned, as shown here. [Courtesy of Xiphophilos]

Even after WWI, Oppenheim still believed in the power of the Jihad, advising Adolf Hitler in WWI to try to use it as well.

Although so old, some aspects are still amazingly topical. Occupation, supression, colonization will always evoque frustration.

Urquhart Castle;( Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal na Sròine) sits beside Loch Ness in the Highlands of Scotland. The castle is on the A82 road, 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Inverness and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the village of Drumnadrochit.

The present ruins date from the 13th to the 16th centuries, though built on the site of an early medieval fortification. Founded in the 13th century, Urquhart played a role in the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century. It was subsequently held as a royal castle, and was raided on several occasions by the MacDonald Earls of Ross. The castle was granted to the Clan Grant in 1509, though conflict with the MacDonalds continued. Despite a series of further raids the castle was strengthened, only to be largely abandoned by the middle of the 17th century. Urquhart was partially destroyed in 1692 to prevent its use by Jacobite forces, and subsequently decayed. In the 20th century it was placed in state care and opened to the public: it is now one of the most-visited castles in Scotland.

The castle, situated on a headland overlooking Loch Ness, is one of the largest in Scotland in area.[2] It was approached from the west and defended by a ditch and drawbridge. The buildings of the castle were laid out around two main enclosures on the shore. The northern enclosure or Nether Bailey includes most of the more intact structures, including the gatehouse, and the five-storey Grant Tower at the north end of the castle. The southern enclosure or Upper Bailey, sited on higher ground, comprises the scant remains of earlier buildings.

History

Early Middle Ages

The name Urquhart derives from the 7th-century form Airdchartdan, itself a mix of Gaelic air (by) and Old Welsh cardden (thicket or wood). Pieces of vitrified stone, subjected to intense heat and characteristic of early medieval fortification, had been discovered at Urquhart from the early 20th century.Speculation that Urquhart may have been the fortress of Bridei son of Maelchon, king of the northern Picts, led Professor Leslie Alcock to undertake excavations in 1983. Adomnán's Life of Columba records that St. Columba visited Bridei some time between 562 and 586, though little geographical detail is given. Adomnán also relates that during the visit, Columba converted a Pictish nobleman named Emchath, who was on his deathbed, his son Virolec, and their household, at a place called Airdchartdan. The excavations, supported by radiocarbon dating, indicated that the rocky knoll at the south-west corner of the castle had been the site of an extensive fort between the 5th and 11th centuries. The findings led Professor Alcock to conclude that Urquhart is most likely to have been the site of Emchath's residence, rather than that of Bridei who is more likely to have been based at Inverness, either at the site of the castle or at Craig Phadrig to the west.

The early castle

Some sources state that William the Lion had a royal castle at Urquhart in the 12th century, though Professor Alcock finds no evidence for this.[12] In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Meic Uilleim (MacWilliams), descendents of Malcolm III, staged a series of rebellions against David I and his successors. The last of these rebellions was put down in 1229, and to maintain order Alexander II granted Urquhart to his Hostarius (usher or door-ward), Thomas de Lundin. On de Lundin's death a few years later it passed to his son Alan Durward. It is considered likely that the original castle was built soon after this time, centred on the motte at the south-west of the site.In 1275, after Alan's death, the king granted Urquhart to John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch.

The first documentary record of Urquhart Castle occurs in 1296, when it was captured by Edward I of England. Edward's invasion marked the beginning of the Wars of Scottish Independence, which would go on intermittently until 1357. Edward appointed Sir William fitz Warin as constable to hold the castle for the English. In 1297 he was ambushed by Sir Andrew de Moray while returning from Inverness, and Moray subsequently laid siege to the castle, launching an unsuccessful night attack. The English must have been dislodged soon after, since in 1298 Urquhart was again controlled by the Scots. In 1303 Sir Alexander de Forbes failed to hold off another English assault. This time Edward installed as governor Alexander Comyn, brother of John, as the family had sided with the English against Robert Bruce. Following his murder of the Red Comyn in 1306, Bruce completed his defeat of the Comyns when he marched through the Great Glen in 1307, taking the castles of Inverlochy, Urquhart and Inverness. After this time Urquhart became a royal castle, held for the crown by a series of constables.

The remains of the 13th-century "shell keep" or motte is the earliest part of the castle to survive

Sir Robert Lauder of Quarrelwood was constable of Urquhart Castle in 1329. After fighting at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333, where the Scots were defeated, Lauder returned to hold Urquhart against another threatened English invasion. It is recorded as being one of only five castles in Scotland held by the Scots at this time.[nb 1] In 1342, David II spent the summer hunting at Urquhart, the only king to have stayed here.

Over the next two hundred years, the Great Glen was raided frequently by the MacDonald Lords of the Isles, powerful rulers of a semi-independent kingdom in western Scotland, with a claim to the earldom of Ross. In 1395, Domhnall of Islay seized Urquhart Castle from the crown, and managed to retain it for more than 15 years. In 1411, he marched through the glen to take on the king's supporters at the Battle of Harlaw. Although an indecisive battle, Domhnall subsequently lost the initiative and the crown was soon back in control of Urquhart. In 1437 Domhnall's son Alexander, now Earl of Ross, raided around Glen Urquhart but could not take the castle. Royal funds were granted to shore up the castle's defences. Alexander's son John succeeded his father in 1449, aged 16. In 1452 he too led a raid up the Great Glen, seizing Urquhart, and subsequently obtained a grant of the lands and castle of Urquhart for life. However, in 1462 John made an agreement with Edward IV of England against the Scottish King James III. When this became known to James in 1476, John was stripped of his titles, and Urquhart was turned over to an ally, the Earl of Huntly.

The Grants

The Grant Tower viewed from Loch Ness

Huntly brought in Sir Duncan Grant of Freuchie to restore order to the area around Urquhart Castle. His son John Grant of Freuchie (d.1538) was given a five-year lease of the Glen Urquhart estate in 1502. In 1509, Urquhart Castle, along with the estates of Glen Urquhart and Glenmoriston, was granted by James IV to John Grant in perpetuity, on condition that he repair and rebuild the castle.[20] The Grants maintained their ownership of the castle until 1912, although the raids from the west continued. In 1513, following the disaster of Flodden, Sir Donald MacDonald of Lochalsh attempted to gain from the disarray in Scotland by claiming the Lordship of the Isles and occupying Urquhart Castle. Grant regained the castle before 1517, but not before the MacDonalds had driven off 300 cattle and 1,000 sheep, as well as looting the castle of provisions. Grant unsuccessfully attempted to claim damages from MacDonald. James Grant of Freuchie (d.1553) succeeded his father, and in 1544 became involved with Huntly and Clan Fraser in a feud with the Macdonalds of Clanranald, which culminated in the Battle of the Shirts. In retaliation, the MacDonalds and their allies the Camerons attacked and captured Urquhart in 1545. Known as the "Great Raid", this time the MacDonalds succeeded in taking 2,000 cattle, as well as hundreds of other animals, and stripped the castle of its furniture, cannon, and even the gates. Grant regained the castle, and was also awarded Cameron lands as recompense.

The Great Raid proved to be the last raid. In 1527, the historian Hector Boece wrote of the "rewinous wallis" of Urquhart,[21] but by the close of the 16th century Urquhart had been rebuilt by the Grants, now a powerful force in the Highlands. Repairs and remodelling continued as late as 1623, although the castle was no longer a favoured residence. In 1644 a mob of Covenanters (Presbyterian agitators) broke into the castle when Lady Mary Grant was staying, robbing her and turning her out for her adherence to Episcopalianism. An inventory taken in 1647 shows the castle virtually empty.[25] When Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland in 1650, he disregarded Urquhart in favour of building forts at either end of the Great Glen.

Broken masonry from the destruction of the gatehouse

When James VII was deposed in the Revolution of 1688, Ludovic Grant of Freuchie sided with William of Orange and garrisoned the castle with 200 of his own soldiers. Though lacking weapons they were well-provisioned and, when a force of 500 Jacobites (supporters of the exiled James) laid siege, the garrison were able to hold out until after the defeat of the main Jacobite force at Cromdale in May 1690. When the soldiers finally left they blew up the gatehouse to prevent reoccupation of the castle by the Jacobites. Large blocks of collapsed masonry are still visible beside the remains of the gatehouse. Parliament ordered £2,000 compensation to be paid to Grant, but no repairs were undertaken.Subsequent plundering of the stonework and other materials for re-use by locals further reduced the ruins, and the Grant Tower partially collapsed following a storm in 1715.

Later history

By the 1770s the castle was roofless, and was regarded as a romantic ruin by 19th-century painters and visitors to the Highlands.In 1884 the castle came under the control of Caroline, Dowager Countess of Seafield, widow of the 7th Earl of Seafield, on the death of her son the 8th Earl. On Lady Seafield's death in 1911 her will instructed that Urquhart Castle be entrusted into state care, and in October 1913 responsibility for the castle's upkeep was transferred to the Commissioners of His Majesty's Works and Public Buildings. Historic Scotland, the successor to the Office of Works, continues to maintain the castle, which is a category A listed building and a scheduled monument in recognition of its national significance.

In 1994 Historic Scotland proposed construction of a new visitor centre and car park to alleviate the problems of parking on the main A82 road. Strong local opposition led to a public inquiry, which approved the proposals in 1998 .The new building is sunk into the embankment below the road, with provision for parking on the roof of the structure.The visitor centre includes a display on the history of the site, including a series of replicas from the medieval period; a cinema; a restaurant; and shop. The castle is open all year, and can also host wedding ceremonies.[33] In 2011 more than 315,000 people visited Urquhart Castle, making it Historic Scotland's third most visited site after the castles of Edinburgh and Stirling.

Urquhart Castle is sited on Strone Point, a triangular promontory on the north-western shore of Loch Ness, and commands the route along this side of the Great Glen as well as the entrance to Glen Urquhart. The castle is quite close to water level, though there are low cliffs along the north-east sides of the promontory. There is considerable room for muster on the inland side, where a "castle-toun" of service buildings would originally have stood, as well as gardens and orchards in the 17th century.[2] Beyond this area the ground rises steeply to the north-west, up to the visitor centre and the A82. A dry moat, 30 metres (98 ft) across at its widest, defends the landward approach, possibly excavated in the early Middle Ages. A stone-built causeway provides access, with a drawbridge formerly crossing the gap at the centre. The castle side of the causeway was formerly walled-in, forming an enclosed space similar to a barbican .

Urquhart is one of the largest castles in Scotland in area The walled portion of the castle is shaped roughly like a figure-8 aligned northeast-southwest along the bank of the loch, around 150 by 46 metres (492 by 151 ft), forming two baileys (enclosures): the Nether Bailey to the north, and the Upper Bailey to the south.[nb 2] The curtain walls of both enclosures date largely to the 14th century, though much augmented by later building, particularly to the north where most of the remaining structures are located.

Nether Bailey

The remains of the gatehouse

The 16th-century gatehouse is on the inland side of the Nether Bailey, and comprises twin D-plan towers flanking an arched entrance passage. Formerly the passage was defended by a portcullis and a double set of doors, with guard rooms either side. Over the entrance are a series of rooms which may have served as accommodation for the castle's keeper. Collapsed masonry surrounds the gatehouse, dating from its destruction after 1690.

The Nether Bailey, the main focus of activity in the castle since around 1400,[36] is anchored at its northern tip by the Grant Tower, the main tower house or keep. The tower measures 12 by 11 metres (39 by 36 ft), and has walls up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) thick. The tower rests on 14th-century foundations, but is largely the result of 16th-century rebuilding Originally of five storeys, it remains the tallest portion of the castle despite the southern wall collapsing in a storm in the early 18th century. The standing parts of the parapet, remodelled in the 1620s, show that the corners of the tower were topped by corbelled bartizans (turrets). ] Above the main door on the west, and the postern to the east, are machicolations, narrow slots through which objects could be dropped on attackers. The western door is also protected by its own ditch and drawbridge, accessed from a cobbled "Inner Close" separated from the main bailey by a gate. The surviving interior sections can still be accessed via the circular staircase built into the east wall of the tower. The interior would have comprised a hall on the first floor, with rooms on another two floors above, and attic chambers in the turrets. Rooms on the main floors have large 16th-century windows, though with small pistol-holes below to allow for defence.

To the south of the tower is a range of buildings built against the thick, buttressed, 14th-century curtain wall. The great hall occupied the central part of this range, with the lord's private apartments of great chamber and solar in the block to the north, and kitchens to the south. The foundations of a rectangular building stand on a rocky mound within the Nether Bailey, tentatively identified as a chapel.

Upper Bailey

The Upper Bailey is focused on the rocky mound at the south-west corner of the castle. The highest part of the headland, this mound is the site of the earliest defences at Urquhart. Vitrified material, characteristic of early medieval fortification, was discovered on the slopes of the mound, indicating the site of the early medieval fortification identified by Professor Alcock. In the 13th century, the mound became the motte of the original castle built by the Durwards, and the surviving walls represent a "shell keep" (a hollow enclosure) of this date. These ruins are fragmentary, but indicate that there were towers to the north and south of the shell keep.

A 16th-century water gate in the eastern wall of the Upper Bailey gives access to the shore of the loch.The adjacent buildings may have housed the stables. To the south of this, opposite the motte, is the base of a doocot (pigeon house) and the scant remains of 13th-century buildings, possibly once a great hall but more recently re-used as a smithy.

Protesting white parents and students pose for a photo September 6, 1956 on the second day of integration of Montgomery County’s Poolesville school.

Signs read, “Keep Poolesville White,” “Stop Integration,” “Integration is Illegal,” “Integration is Communism,” "Integration is Un-Christian," “Put me Down as No N______-lover,” and “We like you, but we don’t want you in our school.”

Two years after the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation of public schools by race, Montgomery County, Md. began a phased integration of its schools. In the upper county area this meant sending 14 select, upper grade black students to the K-12 school in Poolesville.

The integration effort went on without organized opposition throughout the rest of the county, but staunch segregationists organized a school boycott and a series of demonstrations and protest meetings in an attempt to halt black students from attending the all-white school in Poolesville.

On the first day of classes on September 5, 1956 about 150 parents gathered outside the school to encourage the students and other parents to keep their children out of school. About 300 children were held out on the first day.

One woman in the crowd shouted out, “We oughta make so much noise that they can’t teach.”

School principal Robert T. Crawford estimated that about 173 of 340 elementary students were absent and 125 of the 260 pupils in the high school were not in class.

The 14 black students, all assigned to the seventh, eighth and ninth grades, were escorted into the school by police and teachers.

One of the organizers of the boycott was Everette Severe of the Maryland Petition Committee, a white supremacist group seeking a referendum vote to block integration of schools throughout the state.

Severe a well-known white supremacist having written letters to newspapers opposing integration and speaking at pro-segregation rallies. He lived in Kensington, Md. and did not have children.

Severe told the crowd outside the school, “We’re not supposed to send our kids to school until we have a hearing. Keep your kids out of school every day this week.”

Severe circulated a petition to demand a hearing on the issue. It said in part that the admission of the black students placed “in serious jeopardy” the “security and welfare” of their children.

Severe also helped organize a meeting of the segregationists at a Poolesville hall that night where they vowed to continue the fight.

Previous to the Poolesville boycott Severe on September 3rd told a Charlottesville, Va. rally opposed to integration that the people “are the law of the land, not the Supreme court.”

The day before Montgomery County schools opened, Severe attended a white supremacist meeting in Wayson’s Corner to urge a boycott of Anne Arundel County schools telling the crowd that the U.S. Supreme Court decision was invalid because, “Their total legal background hardly adds up to one good country lawyer.”

He called for an organization to halt integration adding, “God grant that it will happen quickly.”

The Poolesville group attempted to keep pressure on the school board to hold a hearing by staging a march on the county seat in Rockville.

On September 7, 1956, county police disbanded a gathering of about 60 people at 10:30 p.m. assembled at Jefferson Street beside the county courthouse. The march was called in an attempt to spread the school boycott beyond Poolesville.

The white supremacists kept up picketing at the school through the week, but attendance began to rise and by Friday had reached 70 percent. School superintendent Edward Norris warned that school officials' patience with the protesters was wearing thin and that Maryland law may be used against the parents.

The law called for a $20 fine, a 30-day jail term or both for disturbing public school sessions. Another section carried a $50 fine for inducing or trying to induce absenteeism.

By September 12th, attendance at the school had reached 582 students or about 90 percent when normal absenteeism was accounted for.

The county announced that three road workers had been suspended 10 days without pay for participating in the protests during working hours.

The school board, which had been resisting any meeting with the segregationists, agreed to grant an audience to hear specific objections to the integration policy, but not a challenge to the overall plan.

Meanwhile at a meeting at the Poolesville town hall that evening, 100 adults met and agreed to send their children back to school while they organized private schooling for their children.

Severe had problems of his own. He was suspended from his job by NBC radio over his public role in the protests and had his contract for part-time work for the Voice of America terminated.

There were more meetings of the dwindling number of parents participating in the boycott where calls were made to challenge the integration in court, but the boycott and organized opposition had largely dissipated.

The die-hards views were adequately expressed by parent Katherine Mills who wrote a letter to the Washington Post published October 3, 1956. Some excerpts follow.

Mills began by explaining that the segregationists “bitterly resent the treatment received at the hands of school and county authorities.”

“We resent the fact that our elected county school board not only permits Negroes to enter white schools, but actually encourages them to enter white schools.”

“I have no doubt that in the minds of some people we are pictured as a bunch of poor, ignorant yokels who’ve been carefully taught by “outside agitators” to fear and hate racial integration.”

“As a matter of fact, we do fear and hate racial integration, but our fear stems from our knowledge of local Negroes…”

“Negro parents as a whole are not so careful as their white neighbors in looking after the cleanliness and health of their children. We do not favor the joint use of school washrooms by colored and white. We just don’t want to take risks of any kind with our children.”

“The marital habits of some of our Maryland Negroes are, to say the least, very casual. They are like the marital habits of the often-divorced white persons in northern café society.”

“Of course some colored couples don’t bother with divorce, because there was no actual marriage in the first place.”

“We believe the morals of our own race are lax enough as it is without exposing our children to an even more primitive view of sex habits. Furthermore, we abhor any steps that might encourage interracial mating.”

“Until the cultural gaps between them are completely filled in, the white and colored races should not be mixed in the public schools of Montgomery County.”

For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskquzhMu

Photo by Arnold Taylor. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Moscow, May 9, 2012.

Pentacon Six TL | Biometar 80/2.8 MC | Kodak New Portra 400 | Negative Scan

Take flight with this airborne assemblage. From it's 50's Roadmaster faux bicycle tank "fuselage", aluminum fan blade and retired bed frame "dual-lies" wheels this baby's ready to go. Aluminum flash light "power plant", drilled-out fan blades and an antique children's tin washing machine agitator serve as it's tail wing....into the wild blue yonder!

This another pieces which is winging it's way to Boston for The Sam Shaw Gallery show -

www.shawjewelry.com/Invites/index_invites.html

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Pioneer in the haydays...

Title: At the Mapleton Cheese Factory in September 1981, large agitators kept the curds from clumping together and allowed the liquid whey to drain off. Dennis Roberts, a four-year employee at the factory, scooped up some of the curds.

Creator(s): St. Thomas Times-Journal

Bygone Days Publication Date: October 12, 2016

Original Publication Date: September 19, 1981

Reference No.: C8 Sh5 B1 F27 6b

Credit: Elgin County Archives, St. Thomas Times-Journal fonds

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

River Dargle Flood Defence Scheme.

These images were taken during the second week of December 2016.

Work has finished on the construction of the 'debris trap' in the river bed, opposite the Rivervale Apartments complex. This work was begun a few years ago, and halted with the creation of a pit, and the placement of (what I like to call) the 8 Dargle Dolmen stones (upright pillars) - 4 of which are immediately visible to the eye.

The ‘Debris Trap’ consists of 12 concrete elliptical shaped columns approximately 1.6m (5ft) high spaced 0.5m apart across the river channel -- essential for trapping any trees or other objects which may flow down the river in flood conditions.

To create proper foundations for the columns, the guys had to drive steel piles deep into the bed of the river. Similar to work done elsewhere. Within that waterproof chamber, they set/poured concrete to build the columns.

So, as we can see, they'd (chamfered) dressed a terrace adjacent to the pillars.

2 days earlier we'd watched them engaged in what is know as 'Hydro-seeding'.

Hydroseeding:

Hydroseeding (hydraulic mulch seeding) is the process of spraying a specially mixed slurry comprising of water, seed, hydro-mulch, fertiliser plus eco-friendly binder in just one operation. Although the optimum times to hydroseed are Spring and Autumn, with the right weather conditions hydroseeding can be carried out throughout the year.

Individual mixtures (grasses, legumes, wildflower, tree & shrub seed and sedum) can all be applied with a variety of different hydro-mulches; wood fibre, paper etc, together with organic tackifiers, fertilisers and trace elements to establish vegetation on inhospitable sites.

Additives to the hydroseed mix such as plant hormones, additional erosion control tackifier, soil amendments and microbial bacteria, enhance germination establishment to create the ideal growing environment that increases moisture retention, aids soil stabilisation, provides valuable nutrients and helps fight disease.

Looked like they're using the T-60 HydroSeeder® - 600 Gallon Working Capacity Tank.

The Finn Model T-60 Series II is the ideal 600 gallon HydroSeeder® for the landscaper or contractor who needs an economical machine for seeding smaller jobs. Coverage is up to 7200 square feet per load with seed, fertilizer and mulch in an easy, one-step process.

Private homes, ball fields, apartments, condominiums and golf course work are just a few of the ideal applications for the T-60. For a small investment you can become a one-person seeding and mulching crew.

The T-60 combines top machine performance with a clean, operator friendly design. For the maximum in mixing efficiency, the T-60 features both hydraulically controlled paddle agitator and liquid re-circulation. For operator convenience, agitator controls are at each end of the tank. A low machine profile allows for easy material loading and excellent sta bility. A large tool box in the hitch can be used for storing hose & nozzles.

Finn's powerful centrifugal slurry pump is driven by an in-line common shaft clutch, eliminating high maintenance belts and coupling. This new configuration dramatically increases output and operating pressure.

Has all the 'Green' appearance of oxidised copper.

A detailed breakdown of the parts of the ship. It is LEGO, the wheel spins, it is playable and it is swooshable.

The Stardust Settler is an interstellar traveler designed for more than 70,000 years in deep space. Estimated to travel just close to 3/4 of light speed. It carries a mini fusion star that sheds light on the ship as it travels and creates livable habitats that rotate to create gravity. The Settler carries the Stardust Agitator on its bow (capable of battle and planetary landing), two solar shuttles, four fighters, and a host of drop shuttles for emergencies and additional planetary reentry.

Figures:

Stardust Settler: 140studs or about 44"

With Agitator undocked: 117 studs or about 37"

6 total LED are placed throughout the ship- one in the star, one in the bow as a menacing "eye", three on the rear as blinking thrusters with one additional in the aft bridge. The gravity wheel spins freely through the use of a hand crank the rear of the capital city (future plans may include a motor attachment).

This build was started on Aug 31st 2019 and semi-documented via Flickr, Twitch and Discord.

Design PSV VS 485 CD

Classification DNV + 1A1, Ice C, DYNPOS Autr, Clean Design,

Comf- V(3) C(3), E0, LfL, SF Oil rec,

d k+, hl(p), Compliance to NAUT-OSV

Builders Hellesøy Yard Løfallstrand

Port of reg. Fosnavaa g

Flag BAHAMAS

MMSI 311 071 800

IMO no 9470193

Delivery Date june 2010

Callsign C6ZY3

MEASUREMENTS

Length o.a.: 85.00 m

Length b.p.p.: 77.70 m

Breath moulded: 20.00 m

Depth moulded: 8.60 m

Draught, Max.: 6.825 m

Freeboard, min.: 1.775 m

Air Draft (at summerdr.) 35.00 m

Gross tonnage: 4 366 t

Net tonnage: 1 813 t

Deadweight: 5 486 t

Lightship: 3 069 t

Classification

DNV + 1A1, Ice C, DYNPOS Autr, Clean Design, Comf- V(3) C(3), E0,

LfL, SF Oil rec, dk+, hl(p), Compliance to NAUT-OSV

CARGO CAPACITIES NOFO 2 0 0 5

Deck cargo: 2 800 tons

Deck area max: 1 005 m2

Deck Length: 60.6 m

Deck breadth: 16.8 m

Cargo Rail height: 4.46 m

Deck strength: 10 tonnes/m2

Fuel Oil: 903.5 m3 Flow meter with printer

Liquid Mud: SG 2.8 702.9 m3

1 Agitators in each tank (Hyd. Driven)

Brine: SG 2.5 418 m3

Base oil: 203 m3

Pot water: 1 007.3 m3

Drillwater / ballast: 2 470 m3

Methanol +: 145.5 m3

Nitrogen bottle rack system + 1 Nitrogene Comp.

Special Product: 146 m3

Slop: 186.8 m3

ORO: 1 803.2 m3 (SG 2.8)

Cement / Barite/bentonit: 440 m3s

8 x 55 m3 Tanks arranged in 2 sevtion, what allows simultaneous loading and discharging or loading/discharging

of two different cargoes.

Dispersant: 34.4 m3

Lubrication oil: 34.8 m3

TANK CLEANING SYSTEM

A total of 11 cleaning machines fitted in: MUD, Brine, special product and Slop tanks

Hot Water Tank: 1 x 45.7 m3

DISCHARGE RATES

Fuel Oil: 2 x 0-150 m3/h 9 bar

Liquid Mud: 4 x 0-100 m3/h 24 bar

Brine: 2 x 0-150 m3 22.5 bar

Base Oil: 2 x 0-100 m3/h 9 bar

Base oil: 2 x 0-100 m3/h 9 bar

Pot.water: 1 x 0-150 m3 9 bar

Drillwater/ballast: 2 x 0-150 m3 9 bar

Methanol: 1 x 0-75 m3 7.2 bar

Special Product: 1 x 0-75 m3 10.8 bar

Slop: 2 x 100 m3/hrs 7,0 bar

ORO: 8 x 0-100 m3/bar 7.0 bar

Cement / Barite: 2 x 30 m3/h 6.5 bar

CARGO MANI FOLDS

Manifolds midships each side inside safe haven and aft starboard and port side.

MACHINERY / D/E-PROPULSION Resiliently Mounted

Main Engines: 4 x 1 901 kW Cat: Type 3 516 BTA

Main generators: 4 x AvK DSG 86 M1-4W. (2 028 kVA)

Harbour & Emergency Engine: 1 x 265 kW Volvo Penta D9A

Harbour & Emergency generator: 1 x 223 kVA. UC.M274H-1

690V; 60Hz

MAIN PROPULSION

Frequency controlled: 2 x 2 300 KW Azi Diesel Electric QD-

560M2-6W. (Fixed pitch)

Fwd. Tunnel thrusters: 2 x 1 000 KW. Brunvoll

Fwd. Brunvoll Retractable Azi: 1 x 800 Brunvoll AR-63-LNA-1650 retracable thruster

PERFORMANCE / CONSUMPTION

Max speed: 15.4 knots / 28.4 m3/24 hrs

Transit speed: 14.2 knots / 23.32 m3/24 hrs

Econ- speed: 11.0 knots / 12 m3/24 hrs

Service. speed: 12.5 knots / 17.14 m3 pr 24 hrs

DP II Average: 5.6 m3/ 24 hrs

Harbour Mode: 2.0 m3 / 24 hrs

BRIDGE DES I GN: NA U T - OSV

1 x Consol forward bridge

3 x Consol aft bridge

1 x Consol each bridge wing

1 x Radio station

1 x Operation Control/office

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Wartsila IAS FlexiBridge (BridgeControl System)

DP S Y S TEM DYNPOS A U TR

Kongsberg DP II K-Pos

1 x Fanbeam Kongsberg Lazer Mk4.2

1 x Radascan

2 x DPS Kongsberg 200CM

2 x Vindsensor Gill

1 x Roll & Pitch Sea Tex MRU2

1 x DP motion Sea Tex MRU5

THRUSTER CONTROL

Kongsberg C-Joy Constant

BRIDGE WATCH MONITORING SYSTEM

Kongsberg Integrated Bridge

ACCOMMODATION 23 PERSONS

Cabins 13 off single cabins

5 off double cabins

1 off office

1 off Hospital

LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT

Safety Equipment: Acc to NMD/SOLAS for 23 persons

Life Raft: 4 x 25 persons Viking

Mob boat: Norsafe type 655 makojet, 10 persons

Mob boat davit: 1 x HLT 3 500 TTS

Survival suits: 23 persons

INCINERATOR

1 x Teamtec. 500 000 kcal/h for solid waste, plastic and sludge oil.

STEAM GENERATOR

1x 1 450 kW and el.heating 4 x 10 kW

ENTERTAINING EQUIPMENTS

1 x Sat. TV: Seatel

1 x Rack with 4 x Tuners and 1x DVD

1 x TV in all crew cabins

1 x TV in all lounges

1 x Radio / CD in all cabins

1 x Gymnasium w/Equipments

DEC K EQUIPMENT

Windless 2 x Windlass Mooring winch

Mooring 4 x Mooring lines 180 m each

Capstan 2 x 8t, NMD

Anchor chain 5225 m Ø 46 mm steel grade NVK3

Cargo securing winch 6 x 3t SWL. NMD CSW-3

Placed on each side Shelter Deck.

Tugger Winch 2 x SWL 15t, type TU-15

Deck Crane PS Basket transfer 1 x 3 t/13 m SWL. TTS Marine GPK 115

Deck Crane Stb. Cargo handling 1 x 3t /13 m SWL. TTS Marine GPT-80

ANTI ROLLING SYSTEM

2 x Stabilizing tanks. Passive anti.roll system. 439.9 m3 (aft) and 159.6 m3 (fwd)

Navigation Equipment

1x Furuno FAR-2837S. S-band radar (10 cm)

1 x Furuno FCR-2827. X-band radar (3 cm)

1 x Autopilot. Simrad AP-50

3 x Gyro Simrad GC-80

2 x GPS Furuno GP-150

1 x AIS Furuno FA-150

1 x Speed Log. Skipper EML224

1 x Echo Sounder Furuno FE-700

1 x Speed repeater Skipper IR300

ECDIS. Furuno Tecdis T-2137

VDR. Furuno VR-3000

COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT GMDS S A 3

GSM Telephones. Samsung

Radar transponders. 1 x Jotron Tron SART

GMDSS hand portable VHF. Jotron Tron TR-20

UHF Portable radio. Motorola GP-340

Inmarsat-C. Furuno Felcom 15

Radio Station MF/HF. Furuno FS-2570C

Radio Station VHF/DSC. Furuno FM-8800S

DSC Terminal. MF/HF Furuno FS-2570C

NavTex. Furuno NX-700B

Manual EPIRB. Jotron 45 SX

Sarsat free float EPIRB. Jotron Tron 40S MkII

Internal Telephone System. Zenitel ACM-144-66/VO

Sound reception System. Vingtor

Fixed wiewlwaa terminal, Ericson G32/G36

Emergency Telephone System, Vingtor VSP-211-L

Public Announcement/GA Alarm: Zenitel VMA-2

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

A very smart Western Star 4700SB eight-wheeler concrete mixer seen discharging its load of cement in Hurstville, NSW.

CR4583

Foton Auman GTL2535

771-FE-2

Probably a 2015-16

Playa del Carmen, Q.Roo, Mexico

[Fuji X-E1 + Fujinon XF 18-55mm f2.8-4R LM OIS]

Viggo Lauritz Bentheim Hørup (22 May 1841 – 15 February 1902) was a Danish politician, journalist and agitator.

He was one of the most influential politicians of the Danish non-Socialist left wing.

Perhaps his greatest direct influence is due to his work as a journalist. After some years of working for the more traditional liberal press he founded the radical liberal newspaper Politiken (Eng. The Policy) in 1884.

And why is he placed here in the king's garden?, - he fought against the monarchy and everything they represent .

Because, among many other things, he argued that the park should be a public place.

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

I went down to Iveco Brisbane one Saturday morning a few months ago and found they were open so I went in and had a look at the trucks. They had 3 twinsteer Acco's with the new instrument panel in the yard which the salesman was able to show me and let me jump in. The new guages were refreshing and easier to read than the old design.

These were most likely to be bought by owner drivers and they were fitted with ISLe5 engines @ 340hp. Apparently owner drivers tend to opt for the higher power engine and companies buying heaps only go for 260-280hp.

A visit to what has now become a tourist attraction, Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin where the "uncrowned King of Ireland" is buried.

Charles Stewart Parnell (Irish: Cathal Stiúbhard Pharnell; 27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish landlord, nationalist political leader, land reform agitator, and the founder and leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party. He was one of the most important figures in 19th century Great Britain and Ireland, and was described by Prime Minister William Gladstone as the most remarkable person he had ever met.

Please take some time to read the comments and follow the links provided below by sharon.corbet , B-59, oaktree_brian_1976, John Spooner, and Carol Maddock all of whom we thank for their great efforts.

Photographer: Robert French

Collection: The Lawrence Photograph Collection

Date: between ca. 1891-1914

NLI Ref: L_ROY_03116

You can also view this image, and many thousands of others, on the NLI’s catalogue at catalogue.nli.ie

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

MV “SOLVIK SUPPLIER”

SHIP DESIGN PSV VS 485 CD

CLASSIFICATION DNV

BUILDER SEVERNAYA YARD ST PETERSBURG, HULL NO 696

PORT OF REGISTRY NASSAU

FLAG BAHAMAS

MMSI 311 070 200

IMO NUMBER 95 89 607

DELIVERY NOVEMBER 2011

CALL SIGN C6ZW5

MACHINERY AND PROPELLER PLANTS

Main Engines/Generators : 4 x 1825 kw CAT 3516B-DSG

Emergency Generator: 1 x 200 kw Volvo Penta D9A

Main Propulsion: 2 x 2300 kw SteerProp SP 35 CRP

FWD Azimuth: 1 x 880 kw Brunvoll CPP

FWD Tunnel Thrusters: 2 x 1000 kw Brunvoll CPP

CARGO CAPACITIES NOFO 2005

Deck Cargo: 2 800 Tons

Deck Area: 1000 m2 wood covered deck

Deck Strength: 10 Tons/m2

Fuel Oil: 903 m3, Flowmeter with Printer

Fuel Transfer Capasity: 2 x 150 m3/hour

Liquid Mud (SG 2.8): 703 m3, 4 x 100 m3/hour

Agitators: Fitted in each tank

Brine (SG 2.5): 418 m3, 2x 150 m3/hour

Base Oil: 203 m3, 2 x 100 m3/hour

Pot Water: 1007 m3, 1 x 150 m3/hour

Drill Water/Ballast: 2470 m3, 2 x 150 m3/hour

Methanol: 145 m3, 1 x 75 m3/hour

Special Products: 146 m3, 1 x 75 m3/hour

Slop: 186 m3, 2 x 100 m3/hour

ORO: 1803 m3, 8 x 100 m3/hour

Cement/Barite/Bentonit: 440 m3, 2 x 30 m3/hour

Dispersant: 34 m3

Lubrication oil: 35 m3

ENVIRONMENT AND CARGO CONTROL PLANTS

Icinerator: Saniterm SH 20 SM/SR

Steam Generator: Parat Halvorsen AS 1600 kw

Hot Liquid Cargo Tank: 1 x 146 m3

Tank Cleaning: Per Gjerdrum AS

Special Cargo Tanks: Stainless Steel Tanks for Methanol

Inert Gas System: N2 Generator, Membrane Separation

Cargo Manifolds: Amidships and Aft each side

inside “Safe haven”

NAVIGATION

Bridge Consoles: Aft, Fwd and both Wings

Operation Control Office: Located on Bridge

Autopilot: Furuno AP 50

DP System: Kongsberg K Pos DP 2

Joystick System: Kongsberg C-Joy Constant

DP Motion System 1: Sea Tex MRU 2

DP Motion System 1: Sea Tex MRU 5

Fanbeam: Kongsberg Lazer Mk 4,2

DGPS: 2 x Kongsberg Seatex

Wind Sensor: 2 x Kongsberg Maritime

Radar 1: Furuno FAR 2137 S

Radar 2: Furuno FCR 2827 Chart Radar

Echo Sounder: Furuno FE 700

Gyro: 3 x Simrad GC 80

Speed Repeater: Skipper IR 300

VDR: Furuno VR 3000

Bridge Watch: VICO system NAUT/OSV

ECDIS: Tecdis T 2138

Speed log: Furuno DS 80

SPEED AND FUEL CONSUMPTION

Full speed: 15.0 knots 28.0 m3/24 hours

Service speed: 12.5 knots 17.0 m3/24 hours

Economic speed: 11.0 knots 12.0 m3/24 hours

DP operation: 5.6 m3/24 hours at position keeping

Harbor mode: 1.4 m3/24 hours

CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT

1 x TTS Marine GPK knuckle crane, SWL 3 tons/13 meter

1 x TTS Marine GPT telescopic jib, SWL 3 tons/13 meter

2 x Capstans aft, NDM SWL 8 tons

6 x Cargo Securing Winches, NDM SWL 3 tons

1 x Tugger Winch, NDM TU SWL 15 tons

LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT

Ship Certificate: 23 persons

Life Rafts: 4 x 25 persons Unitor

MOB: 1 x NOREQ RRB 500

MOB Davit: 1 x HLT 3500 TTS

Survival Suits: 23 SOLAS Immersion Suits

COMMUNICATION

Navtex: Furuno NX-700 B

Radar Transponder: 2 x Jotron Tron SART

DSC Terminal: Furuno FS 2570 C

AIS: Furuno FA 150

EPIRB manual: Jotron 45 SX

EPIRB Free Float: Jotron Tron 40 S Mk II

Radio Station: SSB, MF, HF, Furuno FS 1570

VHF Portable: 3 x Jotron Tron TR 20 GMDSS

VHF Station: Furuno FM 8800 S

UHF Portable: 5 x Motorola GP 340

Inmarsat C: Furuno Felcom 15

Intercom: Zenitel ACM 144 66/VO

Sound System: Vingtor VSS 111

Emergency: Vingtor VSP 211 L

PA System: Zenitel VPA 120, 240 and 400

Satelitt Communication: TBA

Mobile Phone: TBA

Vessel E-mail: captain@vestlandoffshore.no

ACCOMMODATION

Outfitted for 23 persons in spacious and comfortable facilities

Single Cabins: 15 with bathrooms

Double Cabins: 4 with bathrooms

Hospital: 1 Highest standard

Office: 1 fully outfitted

Day Room: 2 comfortable outfitted

Gymnasium: 1 fully outfitted

Entertainment: In Day Rooms and all Cabins

Antiroll Tank: 1 x 440 m3 + 1 x 160

Seen awaiting its turn to be inspected at the VTNZ testing station in Te Rapa (Hamilton); this older model Nissan 6-wheeler was a concrete agitator in a previous life before passing to a Huntly-based contractor who uses it to transport his bulldozer. The Japanese truck was modified by the NZ importer when new to make it suitable for the mixer market……..it was fitted with a RoadRanger gearbox and a Hendrikson rear end.

Megafauna included kangaroos, wombats, tigers similar to Tasmanain Tigers, possums etc.

Mount Isa Township.

Like Broken Hill Mt Isa is an isolated outback town created because of a mineral discovery in 1923. It was part of the Cloncurry Shire council until it was declared a town with its own local government in 1963. Today it has a population of around 20,000 people but at its peak in the 1970s it had 34,000 people. The city area encompasses a huge unpopulated area making Mt Isa the second biggest city in Australia in land area! The town is basically a mining company town like Broken Hill but unlike Broken Hill and other mining centres in Australia it is such a long way from the coast and port facilities. No mining town is further from the nearest port than Mt Isa. The port of Townsville is almost 900 kms away and the capital Brisbane is over 1800 kms away.

Pastoralism came to the Mt Isa region in the 1860s and 1870s when much of outback QLD was occupied by graziers. The region was known for its mining as the Cloncurry copper and goldfields were not that far away and to the south of Mt Isa was the Duchess copper mine and township. (In 1966 the only major source of phosphate was discovered at Duchess mine.) The rocky outcrops and ranges of the area were attractive to prospectors hoping for another great mineral find after the great finds at Cloncurry in 1872.

An itinerant mineral prospector named John Campbell Miles was camped on the Leichhardt River looking at rock samples in late 1923. He found promising samples and took them to the government assayer in Cloncurry discovering that his samples were 50% to 78% pure lead with copper as well. The QLD government investigated the deposits further as Miles named the field Mt Isa. Businessmen in Cloncurry saw the potential of the area for mining. In January 1924 the Mount Isa Mines Ltd Company was floated beginning their search for investment capital to develop the site. Douglas McGillivray of Cloncurry was a major investor and his funds permitted the new company to acquire mining leases for the relevant areas. Miners flocked to the area and by the end of 1924 a small town had emerged with tents, and a few wooden buildings from other towns in the region. Mt Isa then had a school room, a water supply from the Leichhardt River and stores, hotels and an open air picture theatre!

But it was to take another 10 years before large scale mining began. MIM (Mt Isa Mines) continued to purchases additional mining leases and they searched overseas for capital as the first leases cost them £245,000. On top for this was the cost of underground explorations, drilling, metallurgical tests and plant construction. By 1932 MIM had spent around £4 million with no production, returns or profits. But the size and potential of this project was not underestimated by anyone. In 1929 the QLD government extended the railway from Cloncurry ( it reached there in 1910) via Duchess to Mt Isa. By this time the population was around 3,000 people. Mined ore was carted by road to the smelter in Cloncurry. The township had progressed too with a town planned by the Company with tree lined streets on the river, with a dam for a water supply on Rifle Creek. The mine operations were on the western side of the River and the town and businesses on the eastern side of the River. The Catholic Church opened in 1929 and the Company built a fine small hospital for the town. As the Great Depression hit MIM stopped spending on the development on the town and concentrated on the mines. By this time profits were repaying interest on the loans but the company did not return a dividend on investments until 1947.

The fortunes of Mt Isa Mines changed in the 1930s as Julius Kruttschnitt, a native of New Orleans was appointed mine manager in 1930. He obtained additional financial investment in MIM from the American Smelting and Refining Company and the first reruns on lead production occurred in 1931. By 1937 under Kruttschnitt’s guidance the almost bankrupt company of 1930 was returning profits by 1936. This manager was known for always wearing a collar, tie and suit regardless of the Mt Isa temperatures. He played sport with the miners, his wife contributed to town events and he worked on better housing for the workers. He retired from the MIM in 1953 but remained on the Company Board until 1967. At this time Mt Isa Mines became the largest single export earner for Australia and MIM was the largest mining company in Australia. Kruttschnitt died in 1974 in Brisbane. He received many Australiana and international awards for his work in mining engineering and metallurgy. He really put Mt Isa on the map.

During World War Two the mine concentrated on copper and ceased lead and silver operations as demanded by the war needs. Until this time the mine had concentrated on lead production. Labour shortages were crippling during the War years but the mine continued. Many American troops were stationed here too and the Mt Isa Hospital had an underground hospital built in case of air raids. No bombing attacks were experienced and the hospital was mainly used by nurses on night duty catching up on some sleep in the relative cool underground but the hospital still remains and is operated by the National Trust. It is unlikely that we will have free time when the underground hospital is open to visit it.

After World War Two the fortunes of Mt Isa changed remarkably. Lead prices trebled after the War from £25 per ton to £91 per ton and hence the MIM was able to pay its first dividends in 1947. Workers received a lead bonus to make their wages higher and about three times the amount of average wages in Brisbane. The population of the town doubled in the early 1950s just before Kruttschnitt retired from around 3,000 to over 7,000. It doubled again by 1961 when the population reached 13,000 and it doubled again by 1971 when it reached 26,000. New facilities came with the bigger population- an Olympic size swimming pool, some air conditioning in some buildings, bitumen roads, less dust, more hotels and employee clubs, including the Marie Kruttschnitt Ladies Club! Miners’ wages doubled during the Korean War. It was during this period the rail line from Mt Isa to Townsville became the profitable ever for the Queensland Railways. It was the profits from this line that led Queensland Rail to develop and rebuilt other lines and introduce the electric Tilt train etc. MIM discovered more and more ore deposits and firstly doubled and then trebled production in the 1950s. Mt Isa surpassed Broken Hill as Australia’s biggest and wealthiest mine.

New suburbs were built by MIM, the town became the centre of local government and the Company built a new dam for a water supply on Lake Moondarra with importer sand for a lake shore beach. As more stores opened in Mt Isa Mount Isa mines closed its cooperative store. A large new hospital was opened in 1960; the Royal Flying Doctor Service transferred its headquarters from Cloncurry to Mt Isa; and the town had a new air of prosperity and modernity. The calm soon broke. There was a major split between the Australian Workers Union, an Americana union agitator called Patrick Mackie and the Mine management over pay and profit sharing ideas. All work at the mine stopped during a bitter dispute that lasted eight months. The Liberal Country Party government which included Joh Bjelke Petersen (he was a minster and not premier in 1964) used the police to restrict the activities of the AWU and the Mackie Unionists. Many miners left the town as they could not survive without work and it took some time after the dispute resolution for the mine to restart full operations. Mining restarted in 1965.

Ten years (1974) later MIM financially assisted with the construction and opening of the new Civic Centre. Mt Isa’s population reached its maximum of around 34,000 and the future looked bright. As the ore quality declined the town population declined but MIM found new ways of extracting copper and lead from lower grade ore. The city continued to exist until MIM sold utu to Xstrata in 2003. Since the then town population has been slowly increasing. The local federal MP is Bob Katter who is proposing to create a new conservative party for the next federal election.

Mount Isa Mines Today.

In the 2001 Census over 20% of Mt Isa’s workforce was employed in mining. The town mainly survives because of the Xstrata Mines which took over the previous company, Mount Isa Mines (MIM) Ltd in 2003. Xstrata has invested $570 million in the mines since its takeover. Xstrata today employs over 3,000 staff and 1,000 contractors in the mine. Xstrata is a large multinational mining company with its headquarters in Switzerland and its head office in London. It has mines in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Americas. It miens coal, and copper primarily in Australia at places as far apart as Mt Isa, McArthur River zinc mine in the NT, Bulga coal mine and Anvil Hill coal mine in NSW and Cosmos nickel mine in WA.

Apart from the mines itself Mt Isa has other infrastructure: a power station (oil fired); an experimental mine dam; and various buildings and works such as the winding plant, shaft headframe etc. Most importantly for the township it also has the copper smelter works. The ore is further processed in the Townsville smelter after transportation to the coast. The Mt Isa smelter produced over 200,000 tons of copper in 2010 and smelted lead and the concentrator refines the ores of copper, zinc, lead and silver. Across all its mines in Australia Xstrata employs almost 10,000 people second only to its workforce in Africa. Xstrata also operates the Ernest Henry copper, gold and magnetite mines 38 kms north of Cloncurry. This group of mines is expected to employ around 500 people on a long term basis. All the ore from these mines is treated in the concentrator and the smelter in Mt Isa. The Isa smelter and concentrator also handles the silver, lead and zinc from the George Fisher( Hilton) mines 20 kms south of Mt Isa. The stack from the smelter, erected in 1978, stands 270 metres high and can be seen from 40 kms away.

Outback at Isa Discovery Centre and Riversleigh Fossil Centre.

This centre was opened in 2003. The Riversleigh Fossil Centre moved into the complex; a purpose built mine called the Hard Times mine was dug and opened to give visitors an underground mine experience; and the Isa Experience Gallery opened with an Outback Park outside. The complex also operates the Visitor Information Centre. The Isa Experience Gallery uses multimedia approaches to bring the history and Aboriginal culture and mining background of Mount Isa to life.

Riversleigh World Heritage fossil site is 250kms north of Mt Isa on the Gregory River on an isolated cattle station. The fossil site covers over 10,000 hectares and is now included in the Lawn Hill national Park. It has been a protected site since 1983 and was declared a World Heritage site of international significance in 1994. But why? Sir David Attenborough explains:

Riversleigh is the worlds’ richest mammal fossil site dating from 15-25 million years ago. The massive number of fossils discovered here are generally imbedded in hard limestone which was formed when freshwater pools solidified. This happened at time when this part of Australia was a rich rainforest area, rather than the semi-arid grassland that it is now. The fossils cover a period of 20 million years helping scientists understand how Australia, its climate and animal species changed. Most of what is known about Australia’s mammals over 20 million years was learnt from bone discoveries at Riversleigh, and the most significant ones were found in just one hour!

It is the mammals that we find the most fascinating today with large mega-fauna from prehistoric eras the most amazing. But there have also been finds of birds, frogs, fish, turtles and reptiles. The finds have included: the ancestors of Tasmanian Tigers (thylacines); large meat eating kangaroos; huge crocodiles; giant flightless birds; the ancestors of our platypus (monotreme); ancient koalas and wombats; diprotodon; giant marsupial moles and bandicoots; around 40 species of bats; and marsupial “lions”. The site has yielded a complete skull and teeth of a giant platypus and the various thylacines have added to our previous knowledge of just one- the now extinct Tasmanian Tiger.

Scientists have dug over 250 fossil rich sites at Riversleigh finding hundreds of new species. Who has heard of: dasyurids, cuscuses, ilariids and wynyardiids? I have no idea what they were. Other strange discoveries have been: 'Thingodonta' (Yalkaparidon) - an odd marsupial with skull and teeth like no other living marsupial; Fangaroo- a small grass eating kangaroo species with giant teeth; the Giant Rat-kangaroo, (Ekaltadeta) that ate meat( perhaps the Fangaroo); and the Emuary, (Emuarius) which was half emu and half cassowary in features. The Fossil Centre in Mt Isa has some reconstructions of some of these fossil animals of prehistoric times.

"Bande a part" exhibition presents a cross view of 10 photographers on the New York underground scene from the late 60's to the mid 80's,featuring those who originated the creative effervescence which shook the artistic,musical and literary scene during the 2 decades.

Through the over 200 photographs presented,the 10 photographers deliver from the inside the rare and precious testimony of the actors and agitators of the New York underground which still influences today's bands and artists.

"Bande a part" is at the same time Pop and Punk,Hippie and Disco,Punk-rock and glam-rock,it's an exhibition about excess,about attitude,about sex,drugs and Rock n Roll,and about New York City.

"Bande a part" exhibition presents a cross view of 10 photographers on the New York underground scene from the late 60's to the mid 80's,featuring those who originated the creative effervescence which shook the artistic,musical and literary scene during the 2 decades.

Through the over 200 photographs presented,the 10 photographers deliver from the inside the rare and precious testimony of the actors and agitators of the New York underground which still influences today's bands and artists.

"Bande a part" is supported by agnes b.,traveling around the principal city of the world,from agnes b.galerie du jour in Paris,followed by London,Tokyo and Los Angeles.it's now coming to agnes b.'s LIBRAIRIE GALERIE in Hong Kong and will then NYC in 2008.

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

IVECO inherited the Dandenong (Victoria) truck factory when it absorbed International Harvester's truck businesses. Unusually for an IVECO take-over the factory was not closed and not all the market specific models were replaced! The iconic "Inter" "Acco" has survived and is seen on Australia's roads today used mainly as concrete mixers. This Boral liveried example is seen about to cross the preserved railway line in Thirlmere New South Wales.

Seaton Carew is a seaside resort in County Durham, northern England, with a population of 6,018 (2017). The area is named after a Norman French family called Carou who owned lands in the area and settled there, while 'Seaton' means farmstead or settlement by the sea. The resort falls within the unitary authority of Hartlepool.

It separated from most of Hartlepool by the Durham Coast Line. The resort is on the North Sea coast and north of the river Tees estuary.

There is evidence that the area was occupied in Roman times as vestiges of Roman buildings, coins and artefacts are occasionally found on the beach. Later during the reign of Henry I, Seaton came into the possession of Robert De Carrowe and the settlement changed its name to Seaton Carrowe. In medieval times salt was extracted from sea water by evaporation and ash from the fuel used to remove the water was dumped on North Gare and now forms a series of grass covered mounds on the golf course.[9] A Gilbertine priory or cell to Sempringham Priory was established in the Seaton area although so far no trace has been found. In 1667 a gun fortification was built on the promontory of Seaton Snook to defend the mouth of the Tees, particularly against the Dutch—remnants of these fortifications can be seen today.

Seaton Carew was a fishing village but grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as a seaside holiday resort for wealthy Quaker families from Darlington, effectively founding Seaton Carew as a seaside resort. Many stayed at the rows of stucco houses and hotels built along the seafront and around The Green—a turfed square facing the sea.

In 1867 a hoard of Spanish silver dollars was revealed in the sands following a heavy storm.

In 1874 the Durham and Yorkshire Golf Club (now Seaton Carew Golf Club) was founded by Duncan McCuaig, with a 14-hole course on coastal land to the south-east of Seaton Carew. Four holes were added in 1891 and in 1925 further work was carried out with the guidance of renowned golf course designer Alister MacKenzie.

In 1882 Seaton Carew was incorporated into West Hartlepool and the Museum of Hartlepool records that a small riot involving Irish labourers took place in the late Victorian era, when townsfolk mistook them for Fenian agitators.

Just north of Seaton was the works of the West Hartlepool Steel & Iron Company. In 1898 Christopher Furness and W.C. Gray of West Hartlepool purchased the Stockton Malleable Iron Works, the Moor Steel and Iron Works, and the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works to form the South Durham Steel and Iron Company. This became part of the British Steel Corporation in 1967. The West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Works is thought to have closed in 1979.

Tourists and visitors are attracted to the resort's four miles of sandy beach, promenade, arcades, and fish and chip restaurants. The beach is regularly cleaned and is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer holidays. In 2019 the main beach was given an 'excellent' bathing rating by the Environment Agency and was granted a Seaside Award by environmental charity Keep Britain Tidy.

The artist and leading railway poster designer Frank Henry Mason (1875–1965) was born at Seaton Carew and briefly worked in a Hartlepool shipyard.

The science fiction writer Mark Adlard was born in Seaton Carew in 1932[53] and for a time he lived on The Green.

Neil Warnock, football manager/pundit, lived in Seaton Carew when he played for Hartlepool United.

Footballer Evan Horwood grew up in Seaton before moving to Yorkshire to play for Sheffield United. He has also played for Carlisle United F.C., Hartlepool United and Tranmere Rovers.

John Darwin and his wife Anne lived in Seaton when John faked his death in a canoeing accident in 2002. The story made the news across the world and it inspired a BBC drama documentary on the Darwins' lives

Mount Isa Township.

Like Broken Hill Mt Isa is an isolated outback town created because of a mineral discovery in 1923. It was part of the Cloncurry Shire council until it was declared a town with its own local government in 1963. Today it has a population of around 20,000 people but at its peak in the 1970s it had 34,000 people. The city area encompasses a huge unpopulated area making Mt Isa the second biggest city in Australia in land area! The town is basically a mining company town like Broken Hill but unlike Broken Hill and other mining centres in Australia it is such a long way from the coast and port facilities. No mining town is further from the nearest port than Mt Isa. The port of Townsville is almost 900 kms away and the capital Brisbane is over 1800 kms away.

Pastoralism came to the Mt Isa region in the 1860s and 1870s when much of outback QLD was occupied by graziers. The region was known for its mining as the Cloncurry copper and goldfields were not that far away and to the south of Mt Isa was the Duchess copper mine and township. (In 1966 the only major source of phosphate was discovered at Duchess mine.) The rocky outcrops and ranges of the area were attractive to prospectors hoping for another great mineral find after the great finds at Cloncurry in 1872.

An itinerant mineral prospector named John Campbell Miles was camped on the Leichhardt River looking at rock samples in late 1923. He found promising samples and took them to the government assayer in Cloncurry discovering that his samples were 50% to 78% pure lead with copper as well. The QLD government investigated the deposits further as Miles named the field Mt Isa. Businessmen in Cloncurry saw the potential of the area for mining. In January 1924 the Mount Isa Mines Ltd Company was floated beginning their search for investment capital to develop the site. Douglas McGillivray of Cloncurry was a major investor and his funds permitted the new company to acquire mining leases for the relevant areas. Miners flocked to the area and by the end of 1924 a small town had emerged with tents, and a few wooden buildings from other towns in the region. Mt Isa then had a school room, a water supply from the Leichhardt River and stores, hotels and an open air picture theatre!

But it was to take another 10 years before large scale mining began. MIM (Mt Isa Mines) continued to purchases additional mining leases and they searched overseas for capital as the first leases cost them £245,000. On top for this was the cost of underground explorations, drilling, metallurgical tests and plant construction. By 1932 MIM had spent around £4 million with no production, returns or profits. But the size and potential of this project was not underestimated by anyone. In 1929 the QLD government extended the railway from Cloncurry ( it reached there in 1910) via Duchess to Mt Isa. By this time the population was around 3,000 people. Mined ore was carted by road to the smelter in Cloncurry. The township had progressed too with a town planned by the Company with tree lined streets on the river, with a dam for a water supply on Rifle Creek. The mine operations were on the western side of the River and the town and businesses on the eastern side of the River. The Catholic Church opened in 1929 and the Company built a fine small hospital for the town. As the Great Depression hit MIM stopped spending on the development on the town and concentrated on the mines. By this time profits were repaying interest on the loans but the company did not return a dividend on investments until 1947.

The fortunes of Mt Isa Mines changed in the 1930s as Julius Kruttschnitt, a native of New Orleans was appointed mine manager in 1930. He obtained additional financial investment in MIM from the American Smelting and Refining Company and the first reruns on lead production occurred in 1931. By 1937 under Kruttschnitt’s guidance the almost bankrupt company of 1930 was returning profits by 1936. This manager was known for always wearing a collar, tie and suit regardless of the Mt Isa temperatures. He played sport with the miners, his wife contributed to town events and he worked on better housing for the workers. He retired from the MIM in 1953 but remained on the Company Board until 1967. At this time Mt Isa Mines became the largest single export earner for Australia and MIM was the largest mining company in Australia. Kruttschnitt died in 1974 in Brisbane. He received many Australiana and international awards for his work in mining engineering and metallurgy. He really put Mt Isa on the map.

During World War Two the mine concentrated on copper and ceased lead and silver operations as demanded by the war needs. Until this time the mine had concentrated on lead production. Labour shortages were crippling during the War years but the mine continued. Many American troops were stationed here too and the Mt Isa Hospital had an underground hospital built in case of air raids. No bombing attacks were experienced and the hospital was mainly used by nurses on night duty catching up on some sleep in the relative cool underground but the hospital still remains and is operated by the National Trust. It is unlikely that we will have free time when the underground hospital is open to visit it.

After World War Two the fortunes of Mt Isa changed remarkably. Lead prices trebled after the War from £25 per ton to £91 per ton and hence the MIM was able to pay its first dividends in 1947. Workers received a lead bonus to make their wages higher and about three times the amount of average wages in Brisbane. The population of the town doubled in the early 1950s just before Kruttschnitt retired from around 3,000 to over 7,000. It doubled again by 1961 when the population reached 13,000 and it doubled again by 1971 when it reached 26,000. New facilities came with the bigger population- an Olympic size swimming pool, some air conditioning in some buildings, bitumen roads, less dust, more hotels and employee clubs, including the Marie Kruttschnitt Ladies Club! Miners’ wages doubled during the Korean War. It was during this period the rail line from Mt Isa to Townsville became the profitable ever for the Queensland Railways. It was the profits from this line that led Queensland Rail to develop and rebuilt other lines and introduce the electric Tilt train etc. MIM discovered more and more ore deposits and firstly doubled and then trebled production in the 1950s. Mt Isa surpassed Broken Hill as Australia’s biggest and wealthiest mine.

New suburbs were built by MIM, the town became the centre of local government and the Company built a new dam for a water supply on Lake Moondarra with importer sand for a lake shore beach. As more stores opened in Mt Isa Mount Isa mines closed its cooperative store. A large new hospital was opened in 1960; the Royal Flying Doctor Service transferred its headquarters from Cloncurry to Mt Isa; and the town had a new air of prosperity and modernity. The calm soon broke. There was a major split between the Australian Workers Union, an Americana union agitator called Patrick Mackie and the Mine management over pay and profit sharing ideas. All work at the mine stopped during a bitter dispute that lasted eight months. The Liberal Country Party government which included Joh Bjelke Petersen (he was a minster and not premier in 1964) used the police to restrict the activities of the AWU and the Mackie Unionists. Many miners left the town as they could not survive without work and it took some time after the dispute resolution for the mine to restart full operations. Mining restarted in 1965.

Ten years (1974) later MIM financially assisted with the construction and opening of the new Civic Centre. Mt Isa’s population reached its maximum of around 34,000 and the future looked bright. As the ore quality declined the town population declined but MIM found new ways of extracting copper and lead from lower grade ore. The city continued to exist until MIM sold utu to Xstrata in 2003. Since the then town population has been slowly increasing. The local federal MP is Bob Katter who is proposing to create a new conservative party for the next federal election.

Mount Isa Mines Today.

In the 2001 Census over 20% of Mt Isa’s workforce was employed in mining. The town mainly survives because of the Xstrata Mines which took over the previous company, Mount Isa Mines (MIM) Ltd in 2003. Xstrata has invested $570 million in the mines since its takeover. Xstrata today employs over 3,000 staff and 1,000 contractors in the mine. Xstrata is a large multinational mining company with its headquarters in Switzerland and its head office in London. It has mines in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Americas. It miens coal, and copper primarily in Australia at places as far apart as Mt Isa, McArthur River zinc mine in the NT, Bulga coal mine and Anvil Hill coal mine in NSW and Cosmos nickel mine in WA.

Apart from the mines itself Mt Isa has other infrastructure: a power station (oil fired); an experimental mine dam; and various buildings and works such as the winding plant, shaft headframe etc. Most importantly for the township it also has the copper smelter works. The ore is further processed in the Townsville smelter after transportation to the coast. The Mt Isa smelter produced over 200,000 tons of copper in 2010 and smelted lead and the concentrator refines the ores of copper, zinc, lead and silver. Across all its mines in Australia Xstrata employs almost 10,000 people second only to its workforce in Africa. Xstrata also operates the Ernest Henry copper, gold and magnetite mines 38 kms north of Cloncurry. This group of mines is expected to employ around 500 people on a long term basis. All the ore from these mines is treated in the concentrator and the smelter in Mt Isa. The Isa smelter and concentrator also handles the silver, lead and zinc from the George Fisher( Hilton) mines 20 kms south of Mt Isa. The stack from the smelter, erected in 1978, stands 270 metres high and can be seen from 40 kms away.

Outback at Isa Discovery Centre and Riversleigh Fossil Centre.

This centre was opened in 2003. The Riversleigh Fossil Centre moved into the complex; a purpose built mine called the Hard Times mine was dug and opened to give visitors an underground mine experience; and the Isa Experience Gallery opened with an Outback Park outside. The complex also operates the Visitor Information Centre. The Isa Experience Gallery uses multimedia approaches to bring the history and Aboriginal culture and mining background of Mount Isa to life.

Riversleigh World Heritage fossil site is 250kms north of Mt Isa on the Gregory River on an isolated cattle station. The fossil site covers over 10,000 hectares and is now included in the Lawn Hill national Park. It has been a protected site since 1983 and was declared a World Heritage site of international significance in 1994. But why? Sir David Attenborough explains:

Riversleigh is the worlds’ richest mammal fossil site dating from 15-25 million years ago. The massive number of fossils discovered here are generally imbedded in hard limestone which was formed when freshwater pools solidified. This happened at time when this part of Australia was a rich rainforest area, rather than the semi-arid grassland that it is now. The fossils cover a period of 20 million years helping scientists understand how Australia, its climate and animal species changed. Most of what is known about Australia’s mammals over 20 million years was learnt from bone discoveries at Riversleigh, and the most significant ones were found in just one hour!

It is the mammals that we find the most fascinating today with large mega-fauna from prehistoric eras the most amazing. But there have also been finds of birds, frogs, fish, turtles and reptiles. The finds have included: the ancestors of Tasmanian Tigers (thylacines); large meat eating kangaroos; huge crocodiles; giant flightless birds; the ancestors of our platypus (monotreme); ancient koalas and wombats; diprotodon; giant marsupial moles and bandicoots; around 40 species of bats; and marsupial “lions”. The site has yielded a complete skull and teeth of a giant platypus and the various thylacines have added to our previous knowledge of just one- the now extinct Tasmanian Tiger.

Scientists have dug over 250 fossil rich sites at Riversleigh finding hundreds of new species. Who has heard of: dasyurids, cuscuses, ilariids and wynyardiids? I have no idea what they were. Other strange discoveries have been: 'Thingodonta' (Yalkaparidon) - an odd marsupial with skull and teeth like no other living marsupial; Fangaroo- a small grass eating kangaroo species with giant teeth; the Giant Rat-kangaroo, (Ekaltadeta) that ate meat( perhaps the Fangaroo); and the Emuary, (Emuarius) which was half emu and half cassowary in features. The Fossil Centre in Mt Isa has some reconstructions of some of these fossil animals of prehistoric times.