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Renishaw Hall, Derbyshire.
Grade l listed.
South or Garden Front.
Asymmetrical, with eleven bays to the main ranges, and a five bay centre incorporating the remnants of the C17 gabled house.
The house was originally built in 1625 by George Sitwell (1601–1667), The Sitwell fortune was made as colliery owners and ironmasters from the 17th to the 20th centuries. Substantial alterations and the addition of the west and east ranges were made to the building for Sir Sitwell Sitwell, 1st Baronet (1769-1811) by Joseph Badger of Sheffield between 1793 and 1808.
The formal garden was laid out from 1879 by Sir George Sitwell (1860-1943).
The-principal flight of steps lies on the central axis to the garden, with the steps linking the first and second levels, and becoming wider as they descend. The piers support full size statues of Neptune and Diana, each with accompanying dog.
The steps, walls & statues are Grade ll listed.
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Renishaw Hall
Renishaw Hall is a country house in Renishaw in the parish of Eckington in Derbyshire, England. It is a Grade I listed building and has been the home of the Sitwell family for over 350 years. The hall is located south-east of Sheffield, and north of Renishaw village, which is north-east of Chesterfield.
History
The house was built in 1625 by George Sitwell (1601–67) who, in 1653, was High Sheriff of Derbyshire. The Sitwell fortune was made as colliery owners and ironmasters from the 17th to the 20th centuries.
Substantial alterations and the addition of the west and east ranges were made to the building for Sir Sitwell Sitwell by Joseph Badger of Sheffield between 1793 and 1808 and further alterations were made in 1908 by Sir Edwin Lutyens. Renishaw had two owners between 1862 (when Sir George Sitwell succeeded in his infancy) and 1965, when Sir Osbert Sitwell gave the house to his nephew, Sir Reresby Sitwell, 7th Baronet. He was the eldest son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell brother of Edith and Osbert and owned the hall from 1965 until 2009 when he bequeathed it to his daughter, Alexandra Hayward. The house and estate are separated from the Renishaw baronetcy for the first time in the family's history. Sir George Sitwell lives at Weston Hall.
Architecture
The house was built in stages and has an irregular plan. It is constructed in ashlar and coursed rubble coal measures sandstone with crenellated parapets with pinnacles. It has pitched slate roofs.
Gardens
The gardens, including an Italianate garden laid out by Sir George Sitwell (1860–1943), are open to the public. The hall is open for groups by private arrangement. The park is listed in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England as Grade II*.
The 1980 BBC adaptation of Pride and Prejudice used footage shot at Renishaw Hall. D. H. Lawrence is said to have used the local village of Eckington and Renishaw Hall as inspiration for his novel Lady Chatterley's Lover.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renishaw_Hall
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1054857
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000683
www.gardenvisit.com/gardens/renishaw_hall_garden
www.visitchesterfield.info/things-to-do/renishaw-hall-and...
www.kevinwgelder.com/renishaw-hall/
www.thegardeningwebsite.co.uk/renishaw-hall-and-gardens-c...
www.rhs.org.uk/gardens/GardenDetails/RENISHAW-HALL
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Renishaw Hall
Heritage Category: Park and Garden
Grade: II*
List Entry Number: 1000683
Location
The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Derbyshire
District: North East Derbyshire (District Authority)
Parish: Eckington
National Grid Reference: SK4345978378
Details
Gardens and a park of the late C19 and early C20 with C17 origins which were laid out by Sir George Sitwell.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The Sitwell family appear in records of 1301 when they were resident at Ridgeway, c 2km from Renishaw. The family settled in Stavely Netherthorpe in the earlier C16 and the site at Renishaw was acquired by Robert Sytwell in the mid C16 when he bought fields and common land. By 1600 it had become the family seat. The family acquired wealth through their ironworks which by the end of the C17 were the largest producers of iron nails in the world. The estate passed through marriage to the Hurt family who changed their name to Sitwell in 1777. Sir George Sitwell (1860-1943), fourth baronet, was responsible for the layout of the formal gardens and wrote On the Making of Gardens in 1909. The estate has remained in the Sitwell family since that time and is in private ownership (1998).
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING
Renishaw Hall lies to the west of the village of Renishaw from which it is divided by a railway line. The village of Eckington lies to the north-west, there are open fields to the north-east and west, and an opencast mine to the south. To the north and west the boundary is formed by Staveley Lane, the B6053, and to the east by the A616. Fencing divides the south side of the park from an opencast mine. The c 100ha site is on land which falls to the east.
ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES
The main entrance is on the north-east side of the site where gates lead to a drive running south-west from the A616. Some 100m south-west of the entrance there is an early C19 lodge and entrance archway (listed grade II) which was designed by Sir Sitwell Sitwell and moved to this position in the mid C19. The drive turns north-west up a hill and continues westwards to the Hall and stables. An entrance with gates on the north side of the site runs south from the B6053. On the south-west side of the site there is an entrance from Staveley Lane from which a track leads north through Chesterfield Approach Plantation. The track continues north-east from the edge of the Plantation and from this point trees alongside it are the remains of an avenue shown on the large-scale OS map of 1875 which was probably part of a system of avenues shown on an C18 estate map.
PRINCIPAL BUILDING
Renishaw Hall (listed grade I) was built in c 1625 by George Sitwell as an H-plan house. The building was altered and extended 1793-1808 by Joseph Badger for Sitwell Sitwell, first baronet. Edwin Lutyens (1866-1944) was responsible for interior alterations in 1909. The Hall is in use as a private residence (1998).
Stables (listed grade II*) by Badger are ranged around a courtyard c 100m north-west of the Hall.
GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS
On the north side of the Hall there are lawns in an area shown on the C18 estate map as an enclosure. There are views north over parkland and agricultural land beyond. Formal gardens lie on the south side of the Hall axially aligned with its south front. They consist of rectangular compartments divided from one another by clipped hedges which are terraced down to the south in three stages, as well as occupying different levels as the land falls to the east. A terrace running along the front of the Hall overlooks a square lawn lined with topiary on the east and west sides which divides it from two smaller lawns called the First Candle on the west side and the Second Candle to the east. Each of these areas has a fountain, the appearance of which gave rise to the name. A bank divides the First Candle from an area of higher ground called Top Lawn where a lime avenue runs north/south along the length of the gardens. This is one of several avenues shown on the C18 estate map and probably represents one of the only surviving features of a layout instituted in c 1698 by George Sitwell which included walled orchards and yew hedges. To the west of the avenue, c 60m south-west of the Hall, there is a gothick temple (listed grade II) which was designed by Joseph Badger in the early C19 as an aviary and is now used as a pet cemetery (1998).
A second terraced walk lined with clipped hedges runs east/west across the garden, c 50m south of the Hall. At the east end the walk leads through a gateway into woodland called Broxhill Wood which is marked 'Little Old Orchard' on the C18 estate map. A classical temple of late C20 date lies c 120m south-east of the Hall in the woodland. The walk overlooks a central lawn with a circular swimming pool. In a compartment to the east called Lower Lawn there is a water garden which consists of a central sub-rectangular island with clipped hedges within a rectangular water-filled enclosure. On the west side of the swimming pool an enclosure with lawns is called the Buttress Garden for the buttressed wall which divides it from Top Lawn to the west. Clipped hedges divide these areas from a grass walk running along the top of a ha-ha, c 100m south of the Hall, which runs east/west across the bottom of the garden. This overlooks a central semicircular lawn divided from the park by railings. There are views to the south of the lakes and parkland.
The C18 map shows the Hall surrounded by gardens laid out in geometrical patterns with quartering paths, and the area south of these is marked 'Great Old Orchard'. The layout shown probably represents that instituted by George Sitwell in c 1698. The 1875 OS map shows that apart from a small area on the south-east side of the Hall, the formal gardens had been swept away, and a lawn, divided from the park by a ha-ha and flanked by the lime avenue, is shown on the south side of the Hall.
PARK
There is parkland on all sides of the Hall. To the north the land falls and the north-east part of the park is laid out as a golf course which was created in the early C20. Old Waterworks Plantation shelters part of the north-east boundary, and North Wood, which is to the west of the drive from Eckington, separates the golf course from parkland to the west. Some 350m west of the Hall is a set of walled paddocks, shown on the 1875 OS map, which probably originated as a stud farm and are now (1998) vineyards. Chesterfield Approach Plantation lies immediately south of the paddocks and in the area between this and the gardens there are the remains of at least one lime avenue, shown on the 1875 OS map, which survives from the formal layout shown on the C18 estate map and runs parallel to the avenue within the garden.
East and south of the Hall the land falls and in the valley there are two lakes. The northernmost is the smaller of the two, and the southern lake, which has an island near its south-east shore, is c 500m in length. Sir George Sitwell was MP for Scarborough and conceived of the scheme to construct the lakes as relief for the unemployed in his constituency and they were duly created by unemployed fishermen in the closing years of the C19. To the north of the lake is Renishaw Wood and Broxhill Wood, and along the east boundary Willowbed Plantation, designed to screen the railway and ironworks. The planting in this and possibly in other areas of the park was directed by William Milner who was employed by Sir George in 1890. The land rises up to the south and west from the lake with Halfmoon Plantation sheltering the south-east boundary. A patch of woodland on the sloping land c 800m south-west of the house is called Milner Plantation.
KITCHEN GARDEN
Some 200m south-west of the Hall are the remains of a kitchen garden. An orangery entered from the north side from a door with a pedimented doorcase is in ruinous condition (1998), as are the attached walls which have arched entrances. A tennis court lies south of the orangery. The 1875 OS map shows the garden with two compartments, the southern of which occupied the tennis court area. Another kitchen garden, also shown on the 1875 OS map, lies immediately west of the stable block. It is walled and has a number of free-standing glasshouses, some of which are probably of late C19 or early C20 date.
Legacy
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System number: 1674
Legacy System: Parks and Gardens
Sources
Books and journals
Jellicoe, G, Jellicoe, S (at al), The Oxford Companion to Gardens, (1986), 519-20
Sitwell, R, The Garden at Renishaw Hall, (c1995)
Sitwell, R, Renishaw Hall, (c1995)
Other
Country Life (14 May 1948), pp 506-11
Country Life, 162 (1 September 1977), pp 522-5
Country Life, 83 (7 May 1948), pp 476-80
Estate Map, probably early C18 (private collection)
OS 25" to 1 mile: 1st edition published 1875
OS 6" to 1 mile: 1st edition surveyed 1874-5
A recent addition to the McCulloch fleet is this Mercedes OC500RF with Caetano Winner CT650 bodywork.
It was new to Centaur of Sidcup as FN62 CYT and is seen at Ibrox at the new year derby.
My newest addition to my military fleet, a heavy rotator on the 10X10 Bull platform. This monster is capabele of lifting every other vehicle we got. You're not stuck in the middle with us! I hope you like it and please feel free to comment!
Swords Express are busy adding to their fleet, Plaxton/Vovlo 11D56402 is seen on its 507 service to Swords Manor via Mountgorry.
Diego: *wanders back to the cart, tossing in another bag*
Charley: *examines the mysterious addition, noting the spikes protruding from its surface, signs/says* “What the heck is that? You try to find a fruit as prickly as you are?”
Yuri: *raises an eyebrow* “An African horned cucumber. Are you familiar with those?”
Diego: *looks up, signs/says* “No, I can’t say that I am. Are you?”
Yuri: “Yes. The one you have there is not quite ripe, or it would be a deeper shade of orange. When you cut through the spiny skin, you will find a mass of seeds and soft pulp. Its taste is a cross between a cucumber and kiwi fruit, unless ripe, then its taste is more akin to a banana.”
Diego: *signs/says* “Thorny on the outside, soft and sweet on the inside. Sure sounds like me, don’t you think, Bug?”
Charley: *shakes her head, expression amused, signs/says* “Diego, the weird fruit expert here is my friend, Yuri.”
Diego: *looks at Yuri, then at Charley, signs/says* “Seriously, are all your friends blonde? Is that why you won’t get sticky with me? Because I can buy a box of hair dye or just shave it all off completely. I’d probably look even scarier bald, though. Keep that in mind.”
Charley (grudgingly): “Don’t dye it. Don’t shave it. I like it just the way it is…”
Diego: *sighs/says* “Good to know. You’re Fletcher’s Yuri.”
Yuri: “Indeed, I am, though I do not think my husband would enjoy hearing it put quite that way.”
Diego: “I imagine not. It’s nice to meet you.” *holds out his hand*
Yuri: *accepts it gracefully, studying Diego as he briefly squeezes her hand and releases it* “You are extraordinarily attractive. I suppose you are well aware of that fact.”
Fashion Credits
***Any doll enhancements (i.e. freckles, piercings, eye color changes, haircuts) were done by me unless otherwise stated.***
Yuri
Skirt: Mattel – BFMC – Pretty in Pleats Barbie
Bodysuit, Belt & Stockings: IT – Monogram – Discreet
Shoes: IT – NuFace – Miracle Child Ayumi
Purse: Randall Craig RTW Accessory Set
Long Necklaces & Ring: IT – NuFace – Miracle Child Ayumi
Choker: Me
Doll is Nu.Fantasy Little Red Riding Hood Yuri transplanted to a NuFace body.
Charley
Jeans: Clear lan
Top: Sekiguchi Momko – Lazy Seventeen
Belt: Cangaway (etsy.com)
Sneakers: Sekiguchi Momoko Accessory
Glasses: Sekiguchi Momoko Accessory
Necklace: Me
Doll is a Morning Dew Giselle transplanted to a Poppy body, re-rooted by the superlative valmaxi(!!!)
Molly
Skirt: Clear lan
Top: Mattel – Barbie Collectibles - Peace & Love 70’s Barbie
Belt: Cangaway (etsy.com)
Platforms: Mattel – Barbie Collectibles - Peace & Love 70’s Barbie
Bag: Sugarbabylove (etsy.com); I made/added the charm.
Headband & Necklaces: Me
Earrings: One is IT, one is by me.
Doll is a She’s Not There Poppy Parker, eyes have been repainted by me, all other enhancements by me.
Diego
Jeans: Clear lan
Shirt: IT – Fashion Royalty – Homme – Raw Appeal Lukas
Vest: IT – Fashion Royalty – Homme – Fast Track Victor James
Belt: Miema (etsy.com)
Shoes: IT – Poppy Parker – Baby, It’s You Chip
Hat: Mattel – Barbie Collectible – Frank Sinatra: The Recording Years
Necklace: Me
Doll is a Rock Steady Romain, eyes, brows, facial hair, and shading by me.
A recent addition to the GA fleet is one of the former GN class 321s that was originally intended for Scotrail and is seen here working the 11.50 Southend Victoria - Liverpool Street solo on a truly miserable grey winter day.
Another addition to the Mall of Asia ( {MOA} # 4 biggest shopping mall in the world) complex is the Metrostar Ferry Manila Bay Cruise. For PHP 120, you can enjoy a one hour round trip around Manila Bay. It is recommended that the sunset cruise (5 pm) or the evening cruise (6:30 pm) on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays be taken in time for the MOA fireworks.
The Metrostar Ferry dock is located beside The Shrine of Jesus, The Way, The Truth and The Life (Church across the Mall of Asia).
Metrostar Ferry also has scheduled trips from MOA to Cavite City and back.
In addition to the Chihuly exhibit, Desert Botanical Garden has an incredible collection of plants and cacti. These flowers were just outside of Dorrance Hall and Ottesen Gallery. Definitely a small barrel cactus. My best guess is Ferrocactus cylindraceus. The best way to distinguish Barrel Cacti is by the spine patterns especially around the areole. Any corrections will be appreciated. Looks like it will be a full ring is a couple of days.
"Think the desert is all dirt and tumbleweeds? Think again. Desert Botanical Garden is home to thousands of species of cactus, trees and flowers from all around the world spread across 55 acres in Phoenix, Arizona."
Desert Botanical Garden Chihuly 2022
DSC01140 acd-SharpenAI-Focus
Finally managed to update my desk. Say hi to this new addition to the family. Picked it up yesterday and it was already running Mountain Lion. That was a bonus. Now awaiting the Apple Cinema Display 27" to arrive to complete the iMac split screen dream.
Photographed with my old trustworthy iP4. Too much hassle to reach for the big camera at the time. Tolerate the noise with me. ;)
I apologize for my long absence from the Flickr realm. Will try to update more often now that I've got abit more time on my side.
Have a great day ahead my Flickr friends. Cheers! :)
p/s: Feel free to follow me on Instagram: @jervinnlim
Stunning new additions to the Blackpool fleet are ten of these buses such as 407 (SN16OVH) painted in the company's new livery. These are the first brand new double-deckers for the company since a batch of East Lancs bodied Alexander Dennis Tridents came in 2006 - incidentally these were some of the last Tridents built before production switched to the then new Enviro 400.
Blackpool has been upgrading its fleet and introduced the 'Palladium' brand to specify services run with higher quality vehicles. It was first introduced on a batch of Mercedes-Benz Citaro's bought in 2015 and since then has been expanded to include a batch of Plaxton Centro bodied Volvo B7RLE, which until the Merc's were the fleets newest buses and which arrived in 2010.
However, for double-deckers it has bought something very different. This was a batch of the first single-door pure diesel Enviro 400 City buses for a UK-operator. The Enviro 400 City is a variant of the MMC which uses some New Routemaster styling cues. It was developed primarily for London and met Transport for London's desire to have more of the buses having a standard look. However, unlike the Wrightbus version - The SRM based Volvo B5LH - it is a distinctly ADL product. The SRM suffers - in my opinion - for looking too much like a New Routemaster and for the lack of a back window.
The ADL Enviro 400 City I feel is a better balanced design enhanced by the livery which follows the flow of the bus. Although launched as a hybrid it was always available as a pure diesel and has already achieved what the New Routemaster didn't as its attracted an order from a fleet outside London. Buses magazine reports that a further 25 are due to arrive in 2017.
A slightly different view of ex-Metropolitan Railway A class 4-4-0T no 23 at Brill station. The loco retains its steam condensation pipes but the cab was a later addition for when it no longer worked in the London tunnels.
The carriage is an ex-Metropolitan 8-wheel non-bogie vehicle i.e. the wheels are fixed.
Photographer unknown. 1933-35 [RCOL 98].
A recent addition to the ranks of preserved buses is this Alexander P-type bodied Leyland Tiger. New to Grimsby Cleethorpes Transport in December 1987 as fleet number 30, it remained with the company following the Stagecoach takeover in 1993. I'm not 100 percent sure where it went after Stagecoach, but for the last few years has been with Stanways Travel off Rode Heath, who's livery the bus still carries.
E930PBE is a relatively rare bus for two reasons. Firstly, not many Tigers received Alexander P-type bodies, offhand I can't think of any apart from the 4 that GCT owned. Secondly, this Tiger is powered by a Gardner 6HLXCT engine, an option that seems to have been rarely taken up on by operators. I had a very pleasant hours drive of this bus around Lincoln, and it is a very sprightly machine with bags of power. It's hard to believe that this bus has spent almost 30 years in service!
The bus was purchased for preservation earlier this year, and has returned to its native Grimsby. Hopefully, I will be assisting the owner to return the bus to original style Orange and White GCT livery in the next few months.
I took this photo on the A46 Lincoln bypass as the bus was leaving Lincoln to return to Grimsby.
The back half (which was an addition added around 1905) of the Balch House burned and killed two people in April 2019. There was talk (rumors from reliable sources) of moving it to another lot, but, it seems that the latest plan is to paint it dark red (done) and maybe put another structure in the big empty space where the addition used to be (according to the men who are working in the front yard).
725 Academy Street in the South Street Historic District, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Pangasinan Solid North Transit Inc.- 1658
Bus No: 1658
Year released: 2017
Capacity: 45; 2x2 seating configuration
Route: Cubao/Kamias-San Carlos via Dau/SCTEX-Concepcion/Capas/Tarlac/Sta. Ignacia/Camiling/Bayambang/Malasiqui
Body: Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co. Ltd.
Model: 2017 Yutong ZK6107HA Series
Chassis: Yutong ZK6107CRA
Engine: Yuchai YC6A240-20 (G52YA/G52MA)
Fare: Airconditioned
Transmission System: M/T
Suspension: Air Suspension
Taken on: July 28, 2017
Location: Mabalacat City Bus Terminal, Brgy Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Pocket courtyard with outdoor shower tied to a grey water recycling system.
Project: Three Trees
Project Type: Remodel and Addition to a house
Location: Eagle Rock, California.
Photographer: Tom Fowlkes
Project Name: Red Box
Project Type: 2 story addition to one story home
Location: Eagle Rock, CA
Designer: Jeremy levine design
>
A two story addition to an existing house utilizing passive and active green technology, including: grey water recycling, solar energy, passive thermal, daylighting, interior pocket courtyard with bamboo garden, drought tolerant landscaping, etc.
With the addition of Maria de los Muertos on drums it would seem that the line up for my all-girl Prodigy tribute band, In Like Flint, is finally complete.
Along with Mandrogynous on vocals and Introverdent on keyboard I've now got a bona fide girl band with enough firepower to take on the mighty Red Hot Chilli Poppers. The world of tribute bands will never be the same once I get these girls on the road...
Love
id-iom
A recent addition to the typographic library is a slight volume of engraved reproductions of alphabets and pages of calligraphy by Hermann Zapf. I once owned a copy of this book, but in a moment of weakness traded it for one of Victor Hammer's books. I'm glad to have another copy; it's such a beautiful book.
The main environmental issues associated with the implementation of the 5G network come with the manufacturing of the many component parts of the 5G infrastructure. In addition, the proliferation of new devices that will use the 5G network that is tied to the acceleration of demand from consumers for new 5G-dependent devices will have serious environmental consequences. The 5G network will inevitably cause a large increase in energy usage among consumers, which is already one of the main contributors to climate change. Additionally, the manufacturing and maintenance of the new technologies associated with 5G creates waste and uses important resources that have detrimental consequences for the environment. 5G networks use technology that has harmful effects on birds, which in turn has cascading effects through entire ecosystems. And, while 5G developers are seeking to create a network that has fewer environmental impacts than past networks, there is still room for improvement and the consequences of 5G should be considered before it is widely rolled out. 5G stands for the fifth generation of wireless technology. It is the wave of wireless technology surpassing the 4G network that is used now. Previous generations brought the first cell phones (1G), text messaging (2G), online capabilities (3G), and faster speed (4G). The fifth generation aims to increase the speed of data movement, be more responsive, and allow for greater connectivity of devices simultaneously.[2] This means that 5G will allow for nearly instantaneous downloading of data that, with the current network, would take hours. For example, downloading a movie using 5G would take mere seconds. These new improvements will allow for self-driving cars, massive expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) device use, and acceleration of new technological advancements used in everyday activities by a much wider range of people. While 5G is not fully developed, it is expected to consist of at least five new technologies that allow it to perform much more complicated tasks at faster speeds. The new technologies 5G will use are hardware that works with much higher frequencies (millimeter wavelengths), small cells, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output), beamforming, and full duplex.[3] Working together, these new technologies will expand the potential of many of the devices used today and devices being developed for the future. Millimeter waves are a higher frequency wavelength than the radio wavelength generally used in wireless transmission today.[4] The use of this portion of the spectrum corresponds to higher frequency and shorter wavelengths, in this case in the millimeter range (vs the lower radio frequencies where the wavelengths can be in the meters to hundreds of kilometers). Higher frequency waves allow for more devices to be connected to the same network at the same time, because there is more space available compared to the radio waves that are used today. The use of this portion of the spectrum has much longer wavelengths than of that anticipated for a portion of the 5G implementation. The waves in use now can measure up to tens of centimeters, while the new 5G waves would be no greater than ten millimeters.[5] The millimeter waves will create more transmission space for the ever-expanding number of people and devices crowding the current networks. The millimeter waves will create more space for devices to be used by consumers, which will increase energy usage, subsequently leading to increased global warming. Millimeter waves are very weak in their ability to connect two devices, which is why 5G needs something called “small cells” to give full, uninterrupted coverage. Small cells are essentially miniature cell towers that would be placed 250 meters apart throughout cities and other areas needing coverage.[6] The small cells are necessary as emissions [or signals] at this higher frequency/shorter wavelength have more difficulty passing through solid objects and are even easily intercepted by rain.[7] The small cells could be placed on anything from trees to street lights to the sides of businesses and homes to maximize connection and limit “dead zones” (areas where connections are lost). The next new piece of technology necessary for 5G is massive MIMO, which stands for multiple input multiple output. The MIMO describes the capacity of 5G’s base stations, because those base stations would be able to handle a much higher amount of data at any one moment of time. Currently, 4G base stations have around eight transmitters and four receivers which direct the flow of data between devices.[9] 5G will exceed this capacity with the use of massive MIMO that can handle 22 times more ports. Figure 1 shows how a massive MIMO tower would be able to direct a higher number of connections at once. However, massive MIMO causes signals to be crossed more easily. Crossed signals cause an interruption in the transmission of data from one device to the next due to a clashing of the wavelengths as they travel to their respective destinations. To overcome the cross signals problem, beamforming is needed. To maximize the efficiency of sending data another new technology called beamforming will be used in 5G. For data to be sent to the correct user, a way of directing the wavelengths without interference is necessary. This is done through a technique called beamforming. Beamforming directs where exactly data are being sent by using a variety of antennas to organize signals based on certain characteristics, such as the magnitude of the signal. By directly sending signals to where they need to go, beamforming decreases the chances that a signal is dropped due to the interference of a physical object.
One way that 5G will follow through on its promise of faster data transmission is through sending and receiving data simultaneously. The method that allows for simultaneous input and output of data is called full duplexing. While full duplex capabilities allow for faster transmission of data, there is an issue of signal interference, because of echoes. Full duplexing will cut transmission times in half, because it allows for a response to occur as soon as an input is delivered, eliminating the turnaround time that is seen in transmission today. Because these technologies are new and untested, it is hard to say how they will impact our environment. This raises another issue: there are impacts that can be anticipated and predicted, but there are also unanticipated impacts because much of the new technologies are untested. Nevertheless, it is possible to anticipate some of detrimental environmental consequences of the new technologies and the 5G network, because we know these technologies will increase exposure to harmful radiation, increase mining of rare minerals, increase waste, and increase energy usage. The main 5G environmental concerns have to do with two of the five new components: the millimeter waves and the small cells. The whole aim of the new 5G network is to allow for more devices to be used by the consumer at faster rates than ever before, because of this goal there will certainly be an increase in energy usage globally. Energy usage is one of the main contributors to climate change today and an increase in energy usage would cause climate change to increase drastically as well. 5G will operate on a higher frequency portion of the spectrum to open new space for more devices. The smaller size of the millimeter waves compared to radio frequency waves allows for more data to be shared more quickly and creates a wide bandwidth that can support much larger tasks.[15] While the idea of more space for devices to be used is great for consumers, this will lead to a spike in energy usage for two reasons – the technology itself is energy demanding and will increase demand for more electronic devices. The ability for more devices to be used on the same network creates more incentive for consumers to buy electronics and use them more often. This will have a harmful impact on the environment through increased energy use. Climate change has several underlying contributors; however, energy usage is gaining attention in its severity with regards to perpetuating climate change. Before 5G has even been released, about 2% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to the ICT industry.[16] While 2% may not seem like a very large portion, it translates to around 860 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions.[17] Greenhouse gas emissions are the main contributors to natural disasters, such as flooding and drought, which are increasing severity and occurrence every year. Currently, roughly 85% of the energy used in the United States can be attributed to fossil fuel consumption.[18] The dwindling availability of fossil fuels and the environmental burden of releasing these fossil fuels into our atmosphere signal an immediate need to shift to other energy sources. Without a shift to other forms of energy production and the addition of technology allowed by the implementation of 5G, the strain on our environment will rise and the damage may never be repaired. With an increase in energy usage through technology and the implementation of 5G, it can be expected that the climate change issues faced today will only increase. The overall contribution of carbon dioxide emissions from the ICT industry has a huge impact on climate change and will continue to have even larger impacts without proper actions. In a European Union report, researchers estimated that in order to keep the increase in global temperature below 2° Celsius a decrease in carbon emissions of around 15-30% is necessary by 2020. Engineers claim that the small cells used to provide the 5G connection will be energy efficient and powered in a sustainable way; however the maintenance and production of these cells is more of an issue. Supporters of the 5G network advocate that the small cells will use solar or wind energy to stay sustainable and green.[20] These devices, labeled “fuel-cell energy servers” will work as clean energy-based generators for the small cells.[21] While implementing base stations that use sustainable energy to function would be a step in the right direction in environmental conservation, it is not the solution to the main issue caused by 5G, which is the impact that the massive amount of new devices in the hands of consumers will have on the amount of energy required to power these devices. The wasteful nature of manufacturing and maintenance of both individual devices and the devices used to deliver 5G connection could become a major contributor of climate change. The promise of 5G technology is to expand the number of devices functioning might be the most troubling aspect of the new technology. Cell phones, computers, and other everyday devices are manufactured in a way that puts stress on the environment. A report by the EPA estimated that in 2010, 25% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions comes from electricity and heat production making it the largest single source of emissions.[22] The main gas emitted by this sector is carbon dioxide, due to the burning of natural gas, such as coal, to fuel electricity sources.[23] Carbon dioxide is one of the most common greenhouse gases seen in our atmosphere, it traps heat in earth’s atmosphere trying to escape into space, which causes the atmosphere to warm generating climate change. Increased consumption of devices is taking a toll on the environment. As consumers gain access to more technologies the cycle of consumption only expands. As new devices are developed, the older devices are thrown out even if they are still functional. Often, big companies will purposefully change their products in ways that make certain partner devices (such as chargers or earphones) unusable–creating demand for new products. Economic incentives mean that companies will continue these practices in spite of the environmental impacts. One of the main issues with the 5G network and the resulting increase in consumption of technological devices is that the production required for these devices is not sustainable. In the case of making new devices, whether they be new smart-phones or the small cells needed for 5G, the use of nonrenewable metals is required. It is extremely difficult to use metals for manufacturing sustainably, because metals are not a renewable resource. Metals used in the manufacturing of the smart devices frequently used today often cannot be recycled in the same way many household items can be recycled. Because these technologies cannot be recycled, they create tons of waste when they are created and tons of waste when they are thrown away. There are around six billion mobile devices in use today, with this number expected to increase drastically as the global population increases and new devices enter the market. One estimate of the life-time carbon emissions of a single device–not including related accessories and network connection–is that a device produces a total of 45kg of carbon dioxide at a medium level of usage over three years. This amount of emission is comparable to that of driving the average European car for 300km. But, the most environmentally taxing stage of a mobile device life cycle is during the production stage, where around 68% of total carbon emissions is produced, equating to 30kg of carbon dioxide. To put this into perspective, an iPhone X weighs approximately 0.174kg, so in order to produce the actual device, 172 iPhone X’s worth of carbon dioxide is also created. These emissions vary from person to person and between different devices, but it’s possible to estimate the impact one device has on the environment. 5G grants the capacity for more devices to be used, significantly increase the existing carbon footprint of smart devices today. Energy usage for the ever-growing number of devices on the market and in homes is another environmental threat that would be greatly increased by the new capabilities brought by the 5G network. Often, energy forecasts overlook the amount of energy that will be consumed by new technologies, which leads to a skewed understanding of the actual amount of energy expected to be used.[30] One example of this is with IoT devices.[31] IoT is one of the main aspects of 5G people in the technology field are most excited about. 5G will allow for a larger expansion of IoT into the everyday household.[32] While some IoT devices promise lower energy usage abilities, the 50 billion new IoT devices expected to be produced and used by consumers will surpass the energy used by today’s electronics.
The small cells required for the 5G network to properly function causes another issue of waste with the new network. Because of the weak nature of the millimeter waves used in the 5G technology, small cells will need to be placed around 250 meters apart to insure continuous connection. The main issue with these small cells is that the manufacturing and maintenance of these cells will create a lot of waste. The manufacturing of technology takes a large toll on the environment, due to the consumption of non-renewable resources to produce devices, and technology ending up in landfills. Implementing these small cells into large cities where they must be placed at such a high density will have a drastic impact on technology waste. Technology is constantly changing and improving, which is one of the huge reasons it has such high economic value. But, when a technological advancement in small cells happens, the current small cells would have to be replaced. The short lifespan of devices created today makes waste predictable and inevitable. In New York City, where there would have to be at least 3,135,200 small cells, the waste created in just one city when a new advancement in small cells is implemented would have overwhelming consequences on the environment. 5G is just one of many examples of how important it is to look at the consequences of new advancements before their implementation. While it is exciting to see new technology that promises to improve everyday life, the consequences of additional waste and energy usage must be considered to preserve a sustainable environment in the future. There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to delicate ecosystems. The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth’s ecosystems is the millimeter waves. The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale before. This makes it especially difficult to know how they will impact the environment and certain ecosystems. However, studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies. The millimeter waves, specifically, have been linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of birds. In a study by the Centre for Environment and Vocational Studies of Punjab University, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5-30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured.[34] The disfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies is significant considering that the new 5G network will have a much higher density of base stations (small cells) throughout areas needing connection. The potential dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live could cause whole populations of birds to have mutations that threaten their population’s survival. Additionally, a study done in Spain showed breeding, nesting, and roosting was negatively affected by microwave radiation emitted by a cell tower. Again, the issue of the increase in the amount of connection conductors in the form of small cells to provide connection with the 5G network is seen to be harmful to species that live around humans. Additionally, Warnke found that cellular devices had a detrimental impact on bees.[36] In this study, beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim to colony collapse disorder.Colony collapse disorder is when many of the bees living in the hive abandon the hive leaving the queen, the eggs, and a few worker bees. The worker bees exposed to this radiation also had worsened navigational skills, causing them to stop returning to their original hive after about ten days. Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth’s ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination, making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system. Bees not only provide pollination for the plant-based food we eat, but they are also important to maintaining the food livestock eats. Without bees, a vast majority of the food eaten today would be lost or at the very least highly limited. Climate change has already caused a large decline in the world’s bee population. The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is important to understand, because all ecosystems of the earth are interconnected. If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected. The disturbances of birds with the cell towers of today would only increase, because with 5G a larger number of small cell radio-tower-like devices would be necessary to ensure high quality connection for users. Having a larger number of high concentrations of these millimeter waves in the form of small cells would cause a wider exposure to bees and birds, and possibly other species that are equally important to our environment.As innovation continues, it is important that big mobile companies around the world consider the impact 5G will have on the environment before pushing to have it widely implemented. The companies pushing for the expansion of 5G may stand to make short term economic gains. While the new network will undoubtedly benefit consumers greatly, looking at 5G’s long-term environmental impacts is also very important so that the risks are clearly understood and articulated. The technology needed to power the new 5G network will inevitably change how mobile devices are used as well as their capabilities. This technological advancement will also change the way technology and the environment interact. The change from using radio waves to using millimeter waves and the new use of small cells in 5G will allow more devices to be used and manufactured, more energy to be used, and have detrimental consequences for important ecosystems. While it is unrealistic to call for 5G to not become the new network norm, companies, governments, and consumers should be proactive and understand the impact that this new technology will have on the environment. 5G developers should carry out Environmental Impact Assessments that fully estimate the impact that the new technology will have on the environment before rushing to widely implement it. Environmental Impact Assessments are intended to assess the impact new technologies have on the environment, while also maximizing potential benefits to the environment. This process mitigates, prevents, and identifies environmental harm, which is imperative to ensuring that the environment is sustainable and sound in the future. Additionally, the method of Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of devices would also be extremely beneficial for understanding the impact that 5G will inevitably have on the environment. An LCA can be used to assess the impact that devices have on carbon emissions throughout their life span, from the manufacturing of the device to the energy required to power the device and ultimately the waste created when the device is discarded into a landfill or other disposal system. By having full awareness of the impact new technology will have on the environment ways to combat the negative impacts can be developed and implemented effectively.
jsis.washington.edu/news/what-will-5g-mean-for-the-enviro...
Belgian postcard, no. 5464. José Ferrer in I Accuse! (José Ferrer, 1958).
José Ferrer (1912- 1992) was an American actor and film director, who was born in Puerto Rico. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his title role in Cyrano de Bergerac (1951). Ferrer was frequently used as a villain in his later film career.
José Ferrer was born José Vicente Ferrer de Otero y Cintrón in San Juan, the capital city of Puerto Rico in 1912. Ferrer's father was Rafael Ferrer, a lawyer, landowner and author who was born and raised in San Juan. Ferrer's mother was María Providencia Cintrón, a native of the coastal town of Yabucoa. Ferrer's paternal grandfather was Dr. Gabriel Ferrer Hernández, who had campaigned for Puerto Rican independence from the Spanish Empire. The Ferrer family moved to New York City in 1914, when José was 2 years old. As a school student, Ferrer was educated abroad at the Institut Le Rosey, a prestigious boarding school located in Rolle, Switzerland. According to the wishes of his father, José should become a concert pianist. Ferrer studied architecture, music and composition at Princeton University. He wrote a dissertation called French Naturalism and Pardo Bazán, about the Spanish naturalist writer Emilia Pardo Bazán. In 1934, Ferrer transferred to Columbia University, where he studied Roman languages. In 1934, while still a college student, Ferrer made his theatrical debut in Long Island-based theatre. In 1935, he was hired as the stage manager at the Suffern Country Playhouse. Later in 1935, Ferrer made his Broadway debut in the comedy play 'A Slight Case of Murder' by Damon Runyon and Howard Lindsay. Ferrer had a major success on Broadway in the play 'Brother Rat' by John Monks Jr. and Fred F. Finklehoffe. The play ran 577 performances from 1936 to 1938. Very successful were also 'Mamba's Daughters (1938) and 'Charley's Aunt' (1940). Even more successful was the 1943 play 'Othello' in which he co-starred as the villainous Iago opposite the Othello of Paul Robeson. 'Othello' was the longest-played Shakespeare play in the United States. The record remains unbroken to this day. In 1946, Ferrer starred in 'Cyrano de Bergerac', his most successful play. He won a Tony Award for his performance. In 1948, Ferrer made his film debut by co-starring with Ingrid Bergman in Joan of Arc (Victor Fleming, 1948). He played the historical monarch Charles VII of France, the ruler who Joan of Arc served during the Hundred Years' War. For his debut role, Ferrer was nominated for an Oscar for Best Male Supporting Actor. Ferrer's success as a film actor, helped him gain more film roles in Hollywood-produced films. He played the smooth-talking hypnotist David Korvo in the Film Noir Whirlpool (Otto Preminger, 1949) with Gene Tierney, and dictator Raoul Farrago in the Film Noir Crisis (Richard Brooks, 1950) starring Cary Grant. In 1950, Ferrer won an Oscar for Best Actor for his role as Cyrano de Bergerac in the film version, Cyrano de Bergerac (Michael Gordon, 1950). He was the first Puerto Rican actor and also the first Hispanic actor to win an Academy Award.
In 1952, José Ferrer won three Tony Awards for directing three plays, namely 'The Shrike', 'Stalag 17' and 'The Fourposter' and he won another Tony for acting in 'The Shrike'. In 1952, Ferrer played the French painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec in the historical drama Moulin Rouge (John Huston, 1952). His role earned him an Oscar nomination, but the award was instead won by Gary Cooper. The film also marked a financial success for Ferrer, who received 40% of the film's profits. In 1954, Ferrer took on the role of defence attorney Barney Greenwald in The Caine Mutiny. From 1955 onwards, he also directed a number of films, most of which he also starred in as an actor. First, he directed a film version of The Shrike (José Ferrer, 1955). I Accuse! (José Ferrer, 1958) is a reimagining of the Dreyfus Affair. While still critically well-received, several of these films were box office flops. He took a hiatus from film productions. In 1959, he directed a play called 'The Andersonville Trial', about the consequences of the American Civil War. The play featured George C. Scott. He then took over directing the musical 'Juno'. After sixteen performances, the musical stopped due to a lack of success, which was a setback for Ferrer's directing career. Ferrer attempted a comeback as a film director with the sequel film "Return to Peyton Place" (1961) and the musical film "State Fair" (1962). Both films were box office flops. As an actor, Ferrer appeared as a Turkish Bey in the historical drama Lawrence of Arabia (David Lean, 1962) with Peter O'Toole, as historical monarch Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea in the Bible epic The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) and Ship of Fools (Stanley Kramer, 1965). In television, Ferrer gained a notable role as the narrator in the pilot episode of the hit sitcom Bewitched (1964). In 1968, he featured as a voice actor, playing the villain Ben Haramed in the TV film The Little Drummer Boy. But at this time, he started having legal troubles. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) accused Ferrer of still owing unpaid taxes since 1962.
José Ferrer had many film roles in the 1970s, but no outstanding highlights. He played one of the many passengers in Voyage of the Damned (Stuart Rosenberg, 1976) with Faye Dunaway, Doctor Vando in Fedora (Billy Wilder, 1978) with William Holden and Marthe Keller and Athos in The Fifth Musketeer (Ken Annakin, 1979), starring Beau Bridges and Sylvia Kristel. In the 1980s, he starred in the popular comedy series Newhart as Julia Duffy's father. In the early 1980s, he also played the role of Reuben Marino in the soap opera Another World. In the cinema, he appeared in A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (Woody Allen, 1982), To Be or Not to Be (Mel Brooks, 1983) and Dune (David Lynch, 1984), an adaptation of the 1965 novel 'Dune' by Frank Herbert. This was among the last notable roles of Ferrer's long career. Ferred retired from acting entirely in 1991, due to increasing health problems. His last theatrical performance was a production of the generation-gap drama 'Conversations with My Father'. José Ferrer, who spoke perfect French, Italian and German in addition to Spanish and English, was married a total of four times. His wives were Uta Hagen (1938-1948), actress Phyllis Hill (1948-1953) and the singer and actress Rosemary Clooney (1953-1961 / 1964-1967). From 1977 until his death, he was married to Stella Magee. With Uta Hagen, he had a daughter. With Rosemary Clooney, he had five children born between 1955 and 1960. His oldest son, actor Miguel Ferrer (1955-2017) was known for his role in Medical Examiners. He was followed by Maria Ferrer (1956;) Gabriel Ferrer (1957) married to singer Debby Boone, daughter of Pat Boone; Monsita Ferrer (1958) and Rafael Ferrer (1960). Ferrer was the uncle of actor George Clooney. In 1992, José Ferrer died of colorectal cancer at the age of 80 in Coral Gables, Florida. He was buried in Santa Maria Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in Old San Juan in his native Puerto Rico.
Sources: Dimos I (IMDb), Wikipedia (English, German and Dutch) and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
A better class of training bus...
Surprising additions to the FiG fleet were these Scania’s cascaded from Midland Bluebird to update the FiG training fleet. Seen here is 61228 (YN52UWF). They’ve been repainted in this rather eye-catching livery - you certainly wouldn’t mistake it for a service bus.
The yellow hand-poles reveal that this bus was part of a stock-batch built by Scania which First acquired to update the Midland Bluebird fleet in a hurry. The reason for that was that First had placed investment in Midland Bluebird on hold whilst it was determined whether First was being allowed to keep the company.
This all stemmed from First’s acquisitions SB Holdings, parent company of Strathclyde’s Buses and Kelvin Central. With First already owning Midland Bluebird, Lowland and SMT this put the company in an unusually dominant position across Central Scotland. Naturally this attracted the attention of the competition authorities who determined that First either had to either sell Midland Bluebird and one of Glasgow depots - believed to be Possilpark. Otherwise it would have to give up SB Holdings. First preferred to keep the lot but made plans to sell Midland Bluebird and froze investment in the fleet. When it’s lobbying allowed it to eventually keep the fleets, it was forced by the Traffic Commissioners to update the fleet urgently, hence the need for these buses.
Name of block is Modern Dresden- All Geared Up found in a modern quilting magazine. So has text prints with linen colored and grey fabrics. Colors for pop is teal/blue, and mustard yellow.
Richmond Castle in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England, stands in a commanding position above the River Swale, close to the centre of the town of Richmond. It was originally called Riche Mount, 'the strong hill'. The castle was constructed by Alan Rufus from 1071 onwards following the Norman Conquest of England, and the Domesday Book of 1086 refers to 'a castlery' at Richmond.
In the 12th century, his great-nephew Conan expanded the castle and built the keep. Although it was derelict by 1540, it was restored centuries later. The property is the best-preserved early Norman castle in England and an important tourist attraction.
Richmond Castle consists of four main parts: a triangular main enclosure, an outer enclosure to the east, a keep at the northern corner of the main enclosure, and a small enclosure around the keep.
In 1069 William the Conqueror had put down a rebellion at York which was followed by his "harrying of the North" – an act of ethnic cleansing which depopulated large areas for a generation or more. As a further punishment, he divided up the lands of North Yorkshire among his most loyal followers. Alan Rufus, of Brittany, received the borough of Richmond and began constructing the castle to defend against further rebellions and to establish a personal power base. His holdings, called the Honour of Richmond, covered parts of eight counties and amounted to one of the most extensive Norman estates in England.
A 100-foot (30 m)-high keep of honey-coloured sandstone was constructed at the end of the 12th century by Duke Conan IV of Brittany. The Earldom of Richmond was seized in 1158 by Henry II of England. It was King Henry II who probably completed the keep which had 11-foot (3.4 m)-thick walls. Modern visitors can climb to the top of the keep for magnificent views of the town of Richmond. At the same time that the keep was probably completed, Henry II considerably strengthened the castle by adding towers and a barbican. Henry III and King Edward I spent more money on the site including Edward's improvements to the keep interior.
In addition to the main circuit of the wall, there was the barbican in front of the main gate which functioned as a sealed entry space, allowing visitors and wagons to be checked before they gained entry to the castle itself. On the other side of the castle, overlooking the river, was another enclosure or bailey called the Cockpit, which may have functioned as a garden and was overlooked by a balcony. A drawing of 1674 suggests there was another longer balcony overlooking the river side of Scolland's Hall, the great hall.
Richmond Castle had fallen out of use as a fortress by the end of the 14th century and it did not receive major improvements after that date. A survey of 1538 shows it was partly in ruins, but paintings by Turner and others, together with the rise of tourism and an interest in antiquities, led to repairs to the keep in the early 19th century.
In 1855 the castle became the headquarters of the North Yorkshire Militia, and a military barracks block was constructed in the great courtyard. For two years, from 1908 to 1910, the castle was the home of Robert Baden-Powell, later founder of the Boy Scouts, while he commanded the Northern Territorial Army but the barracks building was demolished in 1931.
The castle was used during the First World War as the base of the Non-Combatant Corps made up of conscientious objectors – conscripts who refused to fight. It was also used to imprison some conscientious objectors who refused to accept army discipline and participate in the war in any way. These included the "Richmond Sixteen" who were taken to France from the castle, charged under Field Regulations, and then sentenced to death, but their death sentences were commuted to ten years' hard labour.
The original 11th-century main gate arch is now in the basement of the later 12th century keep which was built in front of it; the original arch was unblocked in the 19th century.
The castle is a scheduled monument, a "nationally important" historic building and archaeological site which has been given protection against unauthorised change. It is also a Grade I listed building.
According to legend, King Arthur and his knights are sleeping in a cave underneath the castle. It is said that they were once discovered by a potter named Thompson, who ran away when they began to awake. Another legend tells that a drummer boy was lost while investigating a tunnel, and that his ghostly drumming is sometimes heard around the castle.
The cell block at the castle contains 2,300 examples of graffiti left by those imprisoned there, from the mid-nineteenth century to the 1970s. Perhaps the most significant of the mark makers were the Richmond Sixteen, who were conscientious objectors imprisoned there during the First World War.
Alan Rufus, alternatively Alanus Rufus (Latin), Alan ar Rouz (Breton), Alain le Roux (French) or Alan the Red (c. 1040 – 1093), 1st Lord of Richmond, was a Breton nobleman, kinsman and companion of William the Conqueror (Duke William II of Normandy) during the Norman Conquest of England. He was the second son of Eozen Penteur (also known as Eudon, Eudo or Odo, Count of Penthièvre) by Orguen Kernev (also known as Agnes of Cornouaille).[b] William the Conqueror granted Alan Rufus a significant English fief, later known as the Honour of Richmond, in about 1071.
Biography
Alan Rufus is first mentioned as a witness (along with his mother Orguen and brothers Gausfridus, Willelmus, Rotbertus, Ricardus) to a charter dated to 1056/1060, issued by his father Eozen to the Abbey of Saint-Aubin in Angers (q.v. Albinus of Angers).
Alan already held some property in Rouen, the capital of Normandy, and was lord of Richemont in Upper Normandy before September 1066. In 1066 or 1067, William of Normandy assented to the gift by Alan Comes (i.e. Alan Rufus) to St-Ouen de Rouen of the church of Saint-Sauveur without Rouen, and of the nearby church of Sainte Croix des Pelletiers, which had been his gift to Alan.
Alan was probably present at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066. On the journey to the battle site near Hastings, the Breton forces formed the vanguard, arriving a good half-hour before the rest of William's army. In the battle formation, Bretons are mentioned variously as in the left-wing or in the rear-guard of the army. Geoffrey Gaimar's L'Estoire des Engles and Wace's Roman de Rou both assert Alan Rufus's presence as Breton commander in the battle,[c] and praise his contribution: Gaimar says "Alan and his men struck well" and Wace states that they did the English "great damage".
A column of Norman cavalry swept into the Cambridge area in late 1066 and built a castle on the hill just north of the river crossing. Alan's first possessions in England were in Cambridgeshire, so he may have obtained them about this time. The Cambridgeshire town of Bourn, west of Cambridge and due north of London, along with several other towns in the area were according to the Domesday Book held in 1066 by the royal thane Almer of Bourn as a tenant of Edith the Fair. Alan's early acquisitions in England included many land titles that had been in the possession of King Harold's wife Edith the Fair, including all but one of her holdings in Cambridgeshire) Alan later favored Almer by giving him two additional manors.
In 1067, Alan witnessed a charter of King William to the monks of St Peter's at Westminster.
In January 1069, Earl Edwin in Yorkshire and his brother Earl Morcar in Northumberland rebelled. In late 1069, the King brought an army north to combat the rebels and recover York. According to the Register of Richmond, it was at the instigation of Queen Matilda, during the Siege of York, that King William conceded to Alan the Honour of Richmond (the Hundred of the "Land of Count Alan" in Yorkshire) in North Yorkshire. Unusually, within the land of Count Alan, King William himself and his half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain received only one manor each: William sharing one with Alan at Ainderby Steeple, on the eastern fringe of the Land, while Robert held one on its southern edge. The wording of the proclamation is:
Ego Wil(el)mus cognomine Bastardus Rex Anglie do et concedo tibi Nepoti meo Alano Britannie Comiti et heredibus tuis imperpetuum omnes uillas et terras que nuper fuerunt Comitis Edwyni in Eboraschira cum feodis Militum et ecclesiis et aliis libertat(ibus) et consuetudinibus ita libere et honorifice sicut idem Edwinus ea tenuit. Dat(um) in obsidione coram Ciuitate Ebor(aci).
Philemon Holland's English translation of William Camden's "Brittania" (1607) renders the proclamation:
I William surnamed Bastard, King of England, doe give and grant unto thee my Nephew[d] Alane Earle of Britaine, and to thine heires for ever, all and every the manour houses and lands which late belonged to Earle Eadwine in Yorkeshire, with the knights fees and other liberties and customes, as freely and in as honorable wise as the said Eadwin held the same. Given at our leaguer before the City of Yorke.
Alan Rufus began construction on Richmond Castle in 1071, to be the principal manor and center of his honour. As the first constable of his new castle, Alan chose Enisant Musard, the husband of one of his half-sisters. Richmond Castle overlooks the old Roman fort at Catterick, North Yorkshire. Alan's properties extended over the entire length of Earningas Street, the old Roman road from London to the North, heading to Edinburgh; this road was renamed Ermine Street.
In folklore, Alan has an association with King Arthur: in the tale of Potter Thompson, Arthur and his knights are said to lie at rest under Richmond Castle.
In Richmondshire, the Domesday Book's "Land of Count Alan", many of the Anglo-Dane lords, or their heirs, were retained in their pre-1066 positions of authority. The locations where this was done were complementary to those owned by the deceased Edwin, Earl of Mercia, whereas many of those where Edwin had been Overlord were given to Alan's Breton relatives: his half-brothers Ribald, Lord of Middleham, Bodin, Lord of Bedale, and Bardolf, Lord of Ravensworth, and their wet-nurse, Orwen. Other tenants of Alan in Yorkshire were English lords from East Anglia.
In the 1080s, Alan witnessed several documents of King William in England and Ghent, and one of Queen Matilda in England.
For the period from about 1083-1086 (the exact dates are uncertain) the formidable Sainte-Suzanne Castle was besieged by the king's army. King William I established a fortified camp at Beugy, about 800 metres north of the castle, manned by William's best household knights under the command of Alan Rufus. The siege did not go well, the castle proving to be well-defended. Wealthy Norman and English lords were frequently captured. After a year, Alan handed command to another Breton, who was later slain, along with many of the king's knights, aggrieving William sufficiently to come to terms with the commander of the castle.
It is likely that Alan was with King William I and the other members of the King's Council at Gloucester in Christmas 1085 when they discussed preparations for the extensive survey of England, later known as the Domesday Survey. On this survey was based the Domesday Book, which comprises two volumes, Little Domesday and Great Domesday.
Through 1086, Alan and Robert of Mortain attended on King William, e.g. at Fécamp in Normandy and in Wiltshire in south-west England.
By 1086 Alan had become one of the richest and most powerful men of England. Alan is mentioned as a lord or tenant-in-chief in 1,017 entries of the Domesday Book, behind only King William I and Robert, Count of Mortain in the number of holdings. The most powerful magnate in East Anglia and Yorkshire, he also possessed property in London, in Normandy (e.g. in Rouen and Richemont), and in Brittany. Alan Rufus is third (not including the King and his immediate family) among the barons in terms of annual income, which was about £1,200. His income in the year of his death, 1093, was £1,100.
Alan donated large sums to a number of religious houses, but most famously founded, with King William II, the Benedictine St Mary's Abbey in York in early 1088.
Alan was among the first four magnates to support William II of England against the Rebellion of 1088 in favour of the Duke of Normandy, Robert Curthose. The uprising was led by the recently freed Odo, Earl of Kent, Bishop of Bayeux, and joined by several major magnates. Beginning in March 1088, Alan was granted additional territory by King William from the confiscated lands of his neighbours who had rebelled. In or before 1089, Alan Rufus issued a charter at Rochester, Kent, Bishop Odo's former principal manor.
William de St-Calais had been in the army led by the king against Bishop Odo, but suddenly fled north to his castle at Durham. After the rebellion was defeated, Roger of Poitou, Alan Rufus, Odo of Champagne, and Walter d'Aincourt were sent to persuade St-Calais to surrender. After a lengthy parley during which they waited outside the castle, St-Calais agreed to surrender his person and stand trial, but only once they signed a complex document promising safe conduct before, during, and after the trial. Alan Rufus played a significant role in the subsequent trial of St-Calais, which commenced on 2 November 1088 at Salisbury in Wiltshire.
Wilmart's interpretation is that in exchange for St-Calais agreeing to submit to the King's judgement, Alan and the other royal officers signed a document guaranteeing St-Calais's safety before and after the trial. When St-Calais cited this in court, there was uproar, but Alan calmly confirmed St-Calais's statement and then said that if there were any fault here, it was his (Alan's). Alan concluded by begging the king not to attempt to coerce him into committing perjury; otherwise, he (Alan) would believe himself obliged to refuse to serve the king.
St-Calais was held in custody at Wilton Abbey until 14 November. Alan escorted St-Calais to Southampton to await passage to Normandy and exile.
According to Christopher Clarkson, in 1089 Count Alan persuaded King William II to convene ("assemble") England's very first "High Court of Parliament" ("under that name") at York.
Saint Anselm, in two letters addressed (perhaps in 1093–1094) to Gunnhild the youngest daughter of King Harold II and Edith the Fair, reprimanded her for abandoning her vocation as a nun at Wilton Abbey to live with Alan Rufus, intending to marry him, and after his death living with his brother Alan Niger ("the Black"). The historian Richard Sharpe has theorised that Matilda d'Aincourt, wife of Walter d'Aincourt, was the natural daughter of Alan Rufus and Gunnhild. In the same article, Sharpe also cited Trevor Foulds's suggestion that Matilda may have been a daughter of King William I and Queen Matilda; although Orderic Vitalis does not mention her name in his list of their daughters, Domesday does name a "Matilda, the King's daughter".
Wilmart thought Alan Rufus's death was sudden and unexpected. There are conflicting sources for the year of its occurrence. Two medieval sources (the 12th century Margam Annals and Stephen of Whitby's brief history of St Mary's, York) indicate that he died in 1089 or shortly thereafter, but scholars have concluded that 1093, perhaps on 4 August, is more likely. His body was transported to the abbey at Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk where he was buried in the cemetery outside the south door. Subsequently, his family and the monks of the Abbey of St Mary in York succeeded in their petition to have him reburied inside Bury Abbey.
Alan Rufus died childless. As Lord of Richmond, Alan Rufus was succeeded by his younger brothers: Alan Niger who also died without issue, followed by Stephen, Count of Tréguier.
Other activities of Count Alan Rufus
Beneath Richmond Castle, Alan founded the town of Richmond, North Yorkshire. He also built the original manor house of Costessey Hall, Alan's caput at Costessey in Norfolk, on the north side of the River Tud in Costessey Park.
Other media
In 2019 Magneto dayo Released a song titled "Alan Rufus" referencing the Count.
English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a charity that manages over 400 historic monuments, buildings and places. These include prehistoric sites, medieval castles, Roman forts and country houses.
The charity states that it uses these properties to "bring the story of England to life for over 10 million people each year". Within its portfolio are Stonehenge, Dover Castle, Tintagel Castle and the best preserved parts of Hadrian's Wall. English Heritage also manages the London blue plaque scheme, which links influential historical figures to particular buildings.
When originally formed in 1983, English Heritage was the operating name of an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government, officially titled the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England, that ran the national system of heritage protection and managed a range of historic properties. It was created to combine the roles of existing bodies that had emerged from a long period of state involvement in heritage protection. In 1999, the organisation merged with the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England and the National Monuments Record, bringing together resources for the identification and survey of England's historic environment.
On 1 April 2015, English Heritage was divided into two parts: Historic England, which inherited the statutory and protection functions of the old organisation, and the new English Heritage Trust, a charity that would operate the historic properties, and which took on the English Heritage operating name and logo. The British government gave the new charity an £80 million grant to help establish it as an independent trust, although the historic properties remain in the ownership of the state.
History
Non-departmental public body
Over the centuries, what is now called "heritage" has been the responsibility of a series of state departments. There was the "Kings Works" after the Norman Conquest, the Office of Works (1378–1832), the Office of Woods, Forests, Land Revenues and Works (1832–1851), and the Ministry of Works (1851–1962). Responsibility subsequently transferred to the Ministry of Public Building and Works (1962–1970), then to the Department of the Environment (1970–1997), and it is now with the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The state's legal responsibility for the historic environment goes back to the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882. The central government subsequently developed several systems of heritage protection for different types of assets, introducing listing for buildings after World War II, and for conservation areas in the 1960s.
In 1983, Secretary of State for the Environment Michael Heseltine gave national responsibility for the historic environment to a semi‑autonomous agency (or "quango") to operate under ministerial guidelines and to government policy. The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission was formed under the terms of the National Heritage Act 1983 on 1 April 1984. The 1983 Act also dissolved the bodies that had previously provided independent advice – the Ancient Monuments Board for England and the Historic Buildings Council for England – and incorporated those functions into the new body. Soon after, the commission was given the operating name of English Heritage by its first chairman, Lord Montagu of Beaulieu.
A national register of historic parks and gardens, (e.g. Rangers House, Greenwich) was set up in 1984, and a register for historic battlefields (e.g. the Battle of Tewkesbury) was created in March 1995. 'Registration' is a material consideration in the planning process. In April 1999 English Heritage merged with the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) and the National Monuments Record (NMR), bringing together resources for the identification and survey of England's historic environment. By adoption, that included responsibility for the national record of archaeological sites from the Ordnance Survey, the National Library of Aerial Photographs, and two million RAF and Ordnance Survey aerial photographs. Those, together with other nationally important external acquisitions, meant that English Heritage was one of the largest publicly accessible archives in the UK: 2.53 million records are available online, including more than 426,000 images. In 2010–11, it recorded 4.3 million unique online user sessions and over 110,000 people visited NMR exhibitions held around the country in 2009–10. In 2012, the section responsible for archive collections was renamed the English Heritage Archive.
As a result of the National Heritage Act 2002, English Heritage acquired administrative responsibility for historic wrecks and submerged landscapes within 12 miles (19 km) of the English coast. The administration of the listed building system was transferred from DCMS to English Heritage in 2006. However, actual listing decisions still remained the responsibility of the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, who was required by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 to approve a list of buildings of special architectural or historic interest.
Following the Public Bodies Reform in 2010, English Heritage was confirmed as the government's statutory adviser on the historic environment, and the largest source of non-lottery grant funding for heritage assets. It was retained on grounds of "performing a technical function which should remain independent from Government". However, the department also suffered from budget cuts during the recession of the 2010s, resulting in a repairs deficit of £100 million
"Washington Square West is a neighborhood Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The neighborhood roughly corresponds to the area between 7th and Broad Streets and between Chestnut and South Streets, bordering on the Independence Mall tourist area directly northeast, Market East to the north, Old City and Society Hill to the East, Bella Vista directly south, Hawthorne to the southwest, and mid-town Philadelphia and Rittenhouse Square to the west. In addition to being a desirable residential community, it is considered a hip, trendy neighborhood that offers a diverse array of shops, restaurants, and coffee houses. Washington Square West contains many gay-friendly establishments and hosts annual events celebrating LGBT culture in Philadelphia including OutFest. The area takes its name from Washington Square, a historic urban park in the northeastern corner of the neighborhood.
Philadelphia's Antique Row lies in the area, as does the nation's oldest hospital, Pennsylvania Hospital, and Philadelphia's oldest Jewish burial ground, Mikveh Israel Cemetery. Educational and medical facilities associated with Thomas Jefferson University, a leading regional medical university and health care center, are located within the neighborhood. The one-time headquarters of the former Curtis Publishing Company and the University of the Arts lie at the edges of the neighborhood.
Washington Square West's real estate is mixed commercial, residential and service industries, characterized by two, three, and four-story rowhouses interspersed with condominiums, mid-rise apartments, hospitals and offices with ground-floor retail. The neighborhood follows William Penn's original grid layout for the city, with many one-lane and pedestrian side streets added later as the population became denser. In addition to the block-sized Washington Square Park to the East, the neighborhood contains the smaller Kahn Park, named after the Philadelphia architect Louis Kahn who resided in the neighborhood.
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City, and the 68th-largest city in the world. Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest and world's 68th-largest metropolitan region, with 6.245 million residents as of 2020. The city's population as of the 2020 census was 1,603,797, and over 56 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker. The city served as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era and went on to play a historic and vital role as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired the American Revolution and the nation's independence. Philadelphia hosted the First Continental Congress in 1774 following the Boston Tea Party, preserved the Liberty Bell, and hosted the Second Continental Congress during which the founders signed the Declaration of Independence, which historian Joseph Ellis has described as "the most potent and consequential words in American history". Once the Revolutionary War commenced, both the Battle of Germantown and the Siege of Fort Mifflin were fought within Philadelphia's city limits. The U.S. Constitution was later ratified in Philadelphia at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, when it was surpassed by New York City, and served as the nation's first capital from May 10, 1775, until December 12, 1776, and on four subsequent occasions during and following the American Revolution, including from 1790 to 1800 while the new national capital of Washington, D.C. was under construction.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, Philadelphia emerged as a major national industrial center and railroad hub. The city’s blossoming industrial sector attracted European immigrants, predominantly from Germany and Ireland, the two largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015. In the 20th century, immigrant waves from Italy and elsewhere in Southern Europe arrived. Following the end of the Civil War in 1865, Philadelphia became a leading destination for African Americans in the Great Migration. In the 20th century, Puerto Rican Americans moved to the city in large numbers. Between 1890 and 1950, Philadelphia's population doubled to 2.07 million. Philadelphia has since attracted immigrants from East and South Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America.
With 18 four-year universities and colleges, Philadelphia is one of the nation's leading centers for higher education and academic research. As of 2021, the Philadelphia metropolitan area was the nation's ninth-largest metropolitan economy with a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of US$479 billion. Philadelphia is the largest center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and the broader multi-state Delaware Valley region; the city is home to five Fortune 500 corporate headquarters as of 2022. The Philadelphia skyline, which includes several globally renowned commercial skyscrapers, is expanding, primarily with new residential high-rise condominiums. The city and the Delaware Valley are a biotechnology and venture capital hub; and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, owned by NASDAQ, is the nation's oldest stock exchange and a global leader in options trading. 30th Street Station, the city's primary rail station, is the third-busiest Amtrak hub in the nation, and the city's multimodal transport and logistics infrastructure, including Philadelphia International Airport, the PhilaPort seaport, freight rail infrastructure, roadway traffic capacity, and warehouse storage space, are all expanding.
Philadelphia is a national cultural hub, hosting more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is 2,052 acres (830 ha), representing one of the nation's largest contiguous urban parks and the 45th largest urban park in the world. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial and Revolution-era history; in 2016, it attracted 42 million domestic tourists who spent $6.8 billion, representing $11 billion in total economic impact to the city and surrounding Pennsylvania counties.
With five professional sports teams and a hugely loyal fan base, the city is often ranked as the nation's best city for professional sports fans. The city has a culturally and philanthropically active LGBTQ+ community. Philadelphia also has played an immensely influential historic and ongoing role in the development and evolution of American music, especially R&B, soul, and rock.
Philadelphia is a city of many firsts, including the nation's first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), university (by some accounts) (1779), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks, including Independence Hall. From the city's 17th century founding through the present, Philadelphia has been the birthplace or home to an extensive number of prominent and influential Americans. In 2021, Time magazine named Philadelphia one of the world's greatest 100 places." - info from Wikipedia.
The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.
Now on Instagram.
Renishaw Hall, Derbyshire.
Grade l listed.
Weather vane.
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Renishaw Hall, Derbyshire.
Grade l listed.
The Hall has been the home of the Sitwell family for over 350 years.
North Front - A seven bay central range, set back, with canted three-storey bay to the centre. A seven bay flanking range to the west (right) with three storeys below a crenellated parapet. A nine bay range to the east.
The house was originally built in 1625 by George Sitwell (1601–1667), The Sitwell fortune was made as colliery owners and ironmasters from the 17th to the 20th centuries. Substantial alterations and the addition of the west and east ranges were made to the building for Sir Sitwell Sitwell, 1st Baronet (1769-1811) by Joseph Badger of Sheffield between 1793 and 1808.
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Renishaw Hall
Renishaw Hall is a country house in Renishaw in the parish of Eckington in Derbyshire, England. It is a Grade I listed building and has been the home of the Sitwell family for over 350 years. The hall is located south-east of Sheffield, and north of Renishaw village, which is north-east of Chesterfield.
History
The house was built in 1625 by George Sitwell (1601–67) who, in 1653, was High Sheriff of Derbyshire. The Sitwell fortune was made as colliery owners and ironmasters from the 17th to the 20th centuries.
Substantial alterations and the addition of the west and east ranges were made to the building for Sir Sitwell Sitwell by Joseph Badger of Sheffield between 1793 and 1808 and further alterations were made in 1908 by Sir Edwin Lutyens. Renishaw had two owners between 1862 (when Sir George Sitwell succeeded in his infancy) and 1965, when Sir Osbert Sitwell gave the house to his nephew, Sir Reresby Sitwell, 7th Baronet. He was the eldest son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell brother of Edith and Osbert and owned the hall from 1965 until 2009 when he bequeathed it to his daughter, Alexandra Hayward. The house and estate are separated from the Renishaw baronetcy for the first time in the family's history. Sir George Sitwell lives at Weston Hall.
Architecture
The house was built in stages and has an irregular plan. It is constructed in ashlar and coursed rubble coal measures sandstone with crenellated parapets with pinnacles. It has pitched slate roofs.
Gardens
The gardens, including an Italianate garden laid out by Sir George Sitwell (1860–1943), are open to the public. The hall is open for groups by private arrangement. The park is listed in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England as Grade II*.
The 1980 BBC adaptation of Pride and Prejudice used footage shot at Renishaw Hall. D. H. Lawrence is said to have used the local village of Eckington and Renishaw Hall as inspiration for his novel Lady Chatterley's Lover.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renishaw_Hall
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1054857
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000683
www.gardenvisit.com/gardens/renishaw_hall_garden
www.visitchesterfield.info/things-to-do/renishaw-hall-and...
www.kevinwgelder.com/renishaw-hall/
www.thegardeningwebsite.co.uk/renishaw-hall-and-gardens-c...
www.rhs.org.uk/gardens/GardenDetails/RENISHAW-HALL
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Renishaw Hall, Derbyshire
Heritage Category: Listed Building
Grade I Listed
List Entry Number: 1054857
Listing NGR: SK4380278607
Location
Statutory Address: RENISHAW HALL
The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
County: Derbyshire
District: North East Derbyshire (District Authority)
Parish: Eckington
National Grid Reference: SK 43802 78607
Details
PARISH OF ECKINGTON RENISHAW PARK SK 4378 12/104 Renishaw Hall 25.10.51 I GV Country house. c1625 by George Sitwell, with alterations and additions 1793-1808, principally by Joseph Badger of Sheffield, and further alterations of 1908 by. Sir Edwin Lutyens. Ashlar and coursed rubble coal measures sandstone, with slated pitched roofs behind crenellated parapets with pinnacles. Irregular plan, comprising a C17 central range, with late C18 and early C19 ranges to east and west, together with domestic offices at the western end of the house. North elevation. Seven bay central range, set back, with canted three storey bay to centre, with stacked glazing bar sashes in flush stone frames. Ground and first floor openings sit beneath continuous stringcourses which step up above window heads. These details are repeated throughout the principal ranges of the house, with minor variations. Gothic entrance porch by Sir George Sitwell, single storey open flat roofed porch supported by square columns, with inset trefoil ended panels. A shallow moulded frieze and cornice, and crenellated parapet between barbed pinnacles. Two bays either side of doorway have stacked pairs of glazing bar sashes to all three floors with the remains of former C17 gables incorporated in ashlar parapet with crenellations above. Advanced seven bay flanking range to west, three storeys below ashlar crenellated parapet, with stacked glazing bar sashes below wedge lintels, and with a broad band course to the head of the ground floor openings. Lower two storey four bay range to west end, with stacked glazing bar sashes below wedge lintels with a shallow parapet with a broad ashlar chamfered coping. Garden elevation to south, asymmetrical, with eleven bays to main ranges, and a five bay centre incorporating the remnants of the C17 gabled house, with the two central bays of three storeys set back with a quoined chimney breast dividing the two bays, terminating in a cluster of three octagonal stone chimneys. Three storeys, with glazing bar sash windows in flush stone frames, as with the north elevation. Advanced two bays to west, with first floor windows windows having been modified to imitate double glazed doors, giving access to shallow curved iron balconies. Further advanced four bay range to west, of two storeys, with a panelled frieze between the ground and first floor window openings. East range, the first bay of which has a two storey canted bay window and a balustrade to the parapet; two bays of two storeys to east and then, well set back, a five bay two storeyed wing 1-3-1, the centre comprising a very broad canted bay and with a doorway with a moulded surround to the angle of the two ranges having a glazed door. Interior. The central part of the house contains the core of the C17 house, including the decorative geometric flagged floor to the entrance hall, now completely open and with Tuscan columns to support the upper floors. The Library, formerly the Great Parlour, has a C17 panelled plaster ceiling and decorative frieze. The Dining Room is by Badger, 1793, with an apse at one end, flanked by pilasters, and with floral plaster decoration to the apse dome. The Great Drawing Room is by Badger, 1803, also the Ballroom, 1808, with ceiling plasterwork containing the emblem of the Prince of Wales, in whose honour the opening ball was given. The Billiard Room, a lobby or anteroom to the Ballroom, was remodelled by Lutyens in 1909. History. The house and its parkland have been associated with the Sitwell family from the early C17, the development of the estate reflecting the influence of the family as ironmasters and colliery owners from the C17 to the C20. The house has become famous through the writings of the three children of Sir George and Lady Ida Sitwell, Edith, Osbert and Sacheverell. Renishaw Park is included in the Gardens Register for Derbyshire at Grade II*, Item No 13.
Listing NGR: SK4380278607
Legacy
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
Legacy System number: 79583
Legacy System: LBS
Sources
Other
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, Part 10 Derbyshire,
This is the eighth addition to a 9-shot series of pure basic greyscale geometrical and minimal interior/architecture photography.
These will form a project on Behance.
I advise you to view this on white, and in original resolution, so click here. Thank you!
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Haven't been to East Midlands for a while, not for a special trip at least but to test out my new camera (well, camera body) as my old Canon EOS 1100D had accumulated so much dirt and dust on its view-finder that it became pretty much impossible to clean and also time consuming to edit photos. 3 years of the old camera and it's done well but now a new Canon body has emerged plus with a new lens (75mm-300mm EF lens) and let's hope it lasts just as long.
Meanwhile, Thomas Cook in the UK have been acquiring a number of airframes, most notably the Airbus A321 where the airline has now racked up 17 of the type, however the increase of Airbus A321's has saw a large decline in the number of Boeing 757's with just 6 in service. With 5 more Airbus A321's on-order, the demise of the Boeing 757 with Thomas Cook will continue.
Delta Whiskey was acquired by Thomas Cook in December 2014, this being one of 4 Airbus A321's to have been transferred from Thomas Cook Scandinavia from its base in Copenhagen. Delta Whiskey was delivered new to MyTravel in February 2003 as OY-VKB before becoming part of Thomas Cook Scandinavia in May 2008 following MyTravel being acquired by Thomas Cook. She became part of Thomas Cook in the UK in December 2014 helping to oust the Boeing 757-200's. She is powered by 2 CFM International CFM56-5B3/P engines and leased from AVAP.
Airbus A321-211 G-TCDW on final approach into Runway 27 at East Midlands (EMA) on MT5033 from Corfu-Ioannis Kapodistrias (CFU).
New addition!! I’ve been having fun with the Canon 20D but when I found a 50D body that was cheap but wouldn’t turn on, figured it was worth a shot.
Hooked up the grip from the 20D that was charged up, still nothing.
Tested another CF card and it came alive!!
Reformatted the one it had, works like new!
Now to eventually find a canon lens 😂
I only have the two lensbaby lenses and the Olympus adapter (only good within so many feet).
Debating on letting the Lensbaby composer go so I can find a prime lens.
#newtome #leapoffaith #itsalive #canon #dslr #canon50d