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Thomas Jefferson
West Building, Main Floor—Gallery 60A
•Date: c. 1821
•Medium: Oil on Wood
•Dimensions:
oOverall: 66 × 54.5 cm (26 × 21 7/16 in.)
oFramed: 90.2 × 79.4 × 10.2 cm (35½ × 31¼ × 4 in.)
•Credit Line: Gift of Thomas Jefferson Coolidge IV in memory of his great-grandfather, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, his grandfather, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge II, and his father, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge III
•Accession Number: 1986.71.1
•Artists/Makers:
oPainter: Gilbert Stuart, American, 1755-1828
Provenance
Colonel George Gibbs [1776-1833], “Sunswick Farm,” Astoria, New York;[1] his widow, Laura Wolcott Gibbs [1794-1870], New York;[2] sold through (Jacob Hart Lazarus [1822-1891], New York) in 1872 to Thomas Jefferson Coolidge [1831-1920], Boston;[3] his grandson, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge III [1893-1959], Boston;[4] his son, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge IV, Boston; sold 1979 to NGA.
[1]On Gibbs see George Gibbs, The Gibbs Family of Rhode Island and Some Related Families, New York, 1933, 18-21, Dictionary of American Biography, 20 vols., New York, 1928-1936, reprinted in 10 vols. with 8 supplements, New York, 1944-1988, 4 (part 1):244-245, and Stephen Dow Beckham, “Colonel George Gibbs,” In Benjamin Silliman and his Circle: Studies on The Influence of Benjamin Silliman on Science in America, edited by Leonard G. Wilson, New York, 1979, 28-47. Tom Michie’s research on these portraits (NGA curatorial files) has been very helpful in writing these entries.
[2]For her dates see Gibbs 1933, 21-25.
[3]Lazarus acted as the Gibbs’ agent in the sale. After agreeing upon the price, he wrote Coolidge on 27 June 1872 that he was sending the portraits to Boston the next day with some documents concerning their history. These were his copies of letters written to Mrs. Gibbs in the 1850s certifying that the portraits were painted by Stuart for Colonel Gibbs (copies, NGA curatorial files). On Coolidge see Dictionary of American Biography, 2 (part 2):395, and Emma Downing Coolidge, Descendants of John and Mary Coolidge of Watertown, Massachusetts, Boston, 1930, 351.
[4]Coolidge 1930, 353; his father Thomas Jefferson Coolidge II died in 1912.
Associated Names
•Coolidge, III, Thomas Jefferson
•Coolidge, IV, Thomas Jefferson
•Coolidge, Thomas Jefferson
•Gibbs, George, Colonel
•Gibbs, Laura Wolcott
•Lazarus, Jacob Hart
Exhibition History
•1832—American Academy of the Fine Arts, New York, 1832, no. 13
•1838—Exhibition of Select Paintings, by Modern Artists, principally American, and living, under the Direction of a Committee of Amateurs, Stuyvesant Institute, New York, 1838, no. 197
•1839—Banquet held at City Hall, New York, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Washington’s inauguration, 1839
•1853—The Washington Exhibition in aid of the New-York Gallery of the Fine Arts, at the American Art-Union Gallery, New York, 1853, no. 88
•1857—First Annual Exhibition of the Washington Art Association, Washington, D.C., 1857, no. 100
•1862—Third Annual Exhibition at the Gallery of the Fine Art Institute, Artists’ Fund Society, New York, 1862, no. 177
•1875—Revolutionary Relics Exhibited at No. 56, Beacon Street, Ladies’ Centennial Commission, Boston, 1875, no. 110
•1880—Exhibition of Portraits Painted by Gilbert Stuart, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1880, no. 206
•1911—Loan Exhibition of Early American Portraits, The Boston Art Club, Massachusetts, 1911, no. 44
•1921—Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1921, 1926-1931, 1936-1943, 1946-1959 (on loan)
•1925—Loan Exhibition of Early American Furniture and the Decorative Crafts for the Benefit of Free Hospital for Women, Brookline, Mass., Park Square Building, Boston, 1925, no. 343
•1928—Gilbert Stuart Memorial Exhibition, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1928, no. 39
•1932—George Washington Bicentennial Historical Loan Exhibition of Portraits of George Washington and his Associates, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1932, no. 82
•1943—The Thomas Jefferson Bicentennial Exhibition: 1743-1943, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1943, no. 10
•1959—The Lost Portraits of Thomas Jefferson painted by Gilbert Stuart, Mead Art Building, Amherst College, Massachusetts, 1959, unnumbered.
•1975—Gilbert Stuart: Painter of Presidents, Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York, 1975-1976, no cat.
•1991—Zeichen der Freiheit: Das Bild der Republik in der Kunst des 16. bis 20. Jahrhunderts [Emblems of Liberty: The Image of the Republic in the Art of the 16th to the 20th Century], Kunstmuseum, Bern, Switzerland, 1991, no. 324c, repro.
Bibliography
•1879—Mason, George C. The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart. New York, 1879: 111-112, 207.
•1880—“Portraits Painted by Stuart…taken from Mason’s Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart.” In Exhibition of Portraits Painted by Gilbert Stuart. Exh. cat. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1880: 44, no. 334.
•1892—Bowen, Clarence W., ed. The History of the Centennial Celebration of the Inauguration of George Washington. New York, 1892: 98, repro. opp. 150, 484.
•1926—Park 1926, 442, no. 445, repro.
•1931—Swan, Mabel Munson. “The ‘American Kings’.” Antiques 19, no. 4 (April 1931): 278-281, repro.
•1933—Gibbs, George. The Gibbs Family of Rhode Island and Some Related Families. New York: 148-149.
•1940—Swan, Mabel Munson. The Athenaeum Gallery, 1827-1873. Boston, 1940: 69.
•1944—Kimball, Fiske. The Life Portraits of Jefferson and their Replicas. Philadelphia, 1944: 517, fig. 15, 520-521.
•1966—Sadik 1966, 155-164.
•1979—Gustafson, Eleanor H. “Museum Accessions.” Antiques 115, no. 5 (May 1979): 976-978, color repro.
•1980—American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1980: 230, repro.
•1980—Brown, J. Carter. “Five Gilbert Stuart Portraits At The National Gallery of Art Link Charlottesville To New England—The Coolidge Connection.” The Daily Progress, Charlottesville, Virginia (23 September 1980): 10-11.
•1980—Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1980: 8, repro.
•1981—Meschutt, David. “Gilbert Stuart’s Portraits of Thomas Jefferson.” The American Art Journal 13, no. 1 (Winter 1981): 3-16, repro. fig. 10.
•1987—Bush, Alfred L. The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson. 2nd edition. Charlottesville, Virginia, 1987: 57-59.
•1988—Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art. Rev. ed. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1988: 10, repro.
•1992—American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 354, repro.
•1995—Miles, Ellen G. American Paintings of the Eighteenth Century. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 1995: 265-266, 268-270, 273-275, color repro. 274.
From American Paintings of the Eighteenth Century:
1986.71.1 (2759)
Thomas Jefferson
•c.1821
•Oil on Wood, 66 × 54.5 (26 × 21 7/16)
•Gift of Thomas Jefferson Coolidge IV in memory of his great-grandfather, Thomas Jefferson Goolidge, his grandfather, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge II, and his father, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge III.
Technical Notes
The 0.7 cm thick poplar panel has been scored on both diagonals. The back of the panel is painted gray-green. The head has been outlined in thin, reddish brown paint. The panel has scattered losses and abrasion around the edges.
Exhibited (in Addition to its Exhibition with the Series)
The Lost Portraits of Thomas Jefferson Painted by Gilbert Stuart, Mead Art Building, Amherst College, Massachusetts, 1959, unnumbered.
This image of Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), third president of the United States, is taken from the similarly sized though slightly wider “Edgehill” portrait, which Stuart painted in Washington in the spring of 1805 (Figure 6). It does not closely resemble the slightly later portrait commissioned by James Bowdoin III (1805-1807, Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Maine), in which the sitter appears square-jawed.1 Stuart must have painted the replica before 21 May 1821, when Henry A.S. Dearborn wrote Jefferson that he had finally obtained the original and had shipped it to Jefferson.2 The “Edgehill” portrait had been in Stuart’s studio since it was painted ; Jefferson had tried for years to get Stuart to complete and send it. The replica is very like the original, although looser and less precise in its brush strokes. Blue tones around the eyes of the replica are similar to the tonality of the original, which is painted on a blue-green ground.
EGM
Notes
1.Sadik 1966, 155-164; the second replica (Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Virginia) was owned by James Madison.
2.Sadik 1966, 159; for a brief discussion of Stuart’s portraits of Jefferson see Bush 1987,57-59.
References
•1879—Mason: 111-112, 207.
•1880—MFA: 44, no. 334.
•1892—Bowen: 98, repro. opp. 150, 484.
•1926—Park: 442, no. 445, repro.
•1944—Kimball: 517, fig. 15, 520-521.
•1966—Sadik: 155-164.
•1981—Meschutt: 3-16, repro. fig. 10.
•1987—Bush: 57-59.
International Citroen 2CV Meeting in Nimes / France .
24eme Rencontre Nationale des 2CV Clubs de France .
BMW Germany
Young Classics in Niederstocken Stockental Schweiz / Switzerland
© Elmar Reich
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