View allAll Photos Tagged Waypoint
Claror-Peguera mountainscape. View from Borda del Gasto waypoint. Sant Julia de Loria, Gran Valira, Andorra, Pyrenees - (c) Lutz Meyer
More Borda del Gasto, Fontaneda, Sant Julia de Loria parroquia: Follow the group links at right side.
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About this image:
* Medium format 4x3 (645) high quality image
* Usage: Large format prints optional
* Motive is suitable as symbol pic
* "Andorra authentic" edition (20 years 2003-2023)
* "Andorra camis & rutes" active collection
* Advanced metadata functionality on dynamic websites or apps
* for large metadata-controlled business collections: photo-archives, travel agencies, tourism editiorials
We offer 200.000+ photos of Andorra and North of Spain. 20.000+ visable here at Flickr. Its the largest professional image catalog of Andorra: all regions, all cities and villages, all times, all seasons, all weather(s). Consistent for additional advanced programming. For smartphones and web-db. REAL TIME!
It's based on GeoCoded stock-photo images and metadata with 4-5 languages. Prepared for easy systematic organising of very large image portfolios with advanced online / print-publishing as "Culture-GIS" (Geographic Info System).
More information about usage, tips, how-to, conditions: www.flickr.com/people/lutzmeyer/. Get quality, data consistency, stable organisation and PR environments: Professional stockphotos for exciting stories - docu, tales, mystic.
Ask for licence! lutz(at)lutz-meyer.com
(c) Lutz Meyer, all rights reserved. Do not use this photo without license.
In previous posts I've already described two of my photographic goals regarding this project ('the dark frames' and the family photo documentary stuff). The third waypoint is 'Sunday photography'. With this term, the Sunday photography, I mean a playful and creative approach to photography, which is common to all of those who love photography – we just snap coincidental things, uncommon moments and other odd subjects, not to capture or build masterpieces of them, but just because of the love of it and to see how they look when photographed. It is a way of playing and feeling good about your photography – without preset goals.
So, I have access to this superb Zeiss & Sony camera setup and I'm just going to wander around and shoot random subjects, you may ask. Well, the answer is a kind of yes – because I believe that sometimes good photography experiences asks for a playful approach. To refresh one's visual imagination one must sometimes leave the target orientated ways and start playing, experimenting and exploring with the subjects. I believe this kind of playful approach can be beneficial to anyone's photography and I would love to come to a point where I can enter into any place or situation and always come up with some interesting images (a relative expression really). It takes a certain kind of creative eye to see the different possibilities and I believe the possibilities exist in any place. While I exercise this kind of approach far too little in my photography, the Sunday photography is my way of changing this and developing my photographic eye with the aid of play.
So these are the three waypoints that are going to guide my photography during the year 2016. At least this is how I see it today at the start of the project and one, of course, never knows what the year will actually bring. The three waypoints also share a common denominator which is the need of finding and making my own photography guided by my own photographic eye. While there are many genres and common visual motifs to master in the world of photography, I feel that photography is most pleasing and meaningful when it reflects the life and vision of its maker. Therefore I want to spend this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, not to stress too much about taking the full advantage of the equipment I'm using, but to photograph things that (1) reflects my inner vision (the dark frames), (2) are important to me in my life (family photo documentary stuff) and (3) make photography fun and playful (the Sunday photography). With these goals I want to use the photography to attach myself deeper into my life and perhaps to see better what makes it good and meaningful. What could be better way to start a year than this.
Days of Zeiss: www.daysofzeiss.com
The Acid Ball at Waypoint Park, Bellingham, WA. The Acid Ball dates to 1938 and was a storage tank for the acid used to break down wood pulp. Now it sits in a park as a public art work. It’s 32 feet in diameter.
One of the waypoints on my 9-mile route between Steamboat Rock and North Teepees was this set of domes just 100 yards north of the Utah/Arizona state line. Other than the Monolith, my "State Line Pillars" was the only point of interest north of the line, so Utah can claim it.
Few people wander out here. Buckskin Gulch is 0.6 mile north of this spot. The Wave is 1.5 miles west. I added some clouds from the previous day's hike.
Gear: Canon 5D Mk II | Canon 17-40
Settings: ISO 200| f/11 | 1/100 | 32mm
On our travels to Launceston from Arthur River, I plugged in Sheffield as a waypoint in the GPS for it's murals. However when I got there, I noticed such awesome clouds around Mt Roland which sits right about Sheffield itself. We drove crazy trying to find a comp and the GPS just happened to take us down this road past this lake! It's been well shot and I'm glad I came across the lake as it provided some great reflections with the slowly fading autumn afternoon light.
Here is my trip video of my trip to Tasmania in Autumn 2011 - you can check it out here - www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmjd0WyzkX0
My previous video, "Tasmania, Spring 2011 - A Compliation" can be found here - www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WBGjkiarxc
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Sheffield
Sheffield is a town situated 23 km inland from Devonport on the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia's island state. Sheffield has long been the rural hub for the Mount Roland area. The Sheffield area is well known for its high quality butterfat production via dairy farming. The area is suitable for lamb and beef production. The town of Railton is nearby. At the 2006 census, Sheffield had a population of 1,397.
In North West Tasmania, Sheffield as one of the many early townships was settled in 1859. The town was named 'Sheffield', by Edward Curr after his home town in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.
Sheffield has become a major tourist attraction due to it being promoted as "Town of Murals", based upon the instrumental contribution of local tourism pioneer Brian Inder.
The first town mural was painted in Sheffield in December 1986. Since then over 60 murals depicting the area's rich history and beautiful natural scenery are painted on walls scattered throughout the town and buildings along the roadside. The murals attract an estimated 120,000 people to the town annually.
In the heart of Sheffield, there are a number of studios open to the public where visitors can watch the artists as they do their work. Artists of every discipline, including photography, fine art, glass, woodcraft, pottery, ceramics and specialised crafts.
Mount Roland
Mount Roland is a Conservation area in Tasmania. It is in the north of the island, near the town of Sheffield. It rises to 1234 metres and there are a number of well-marked bushwalks suitable for a day of pleasant exercise. There are walking tracks from both Claude Road and Gowrie Park to the summit.
ID
Pt: Tarambola-cinzenta
Es: Chorlito gris
En-us: Grey Plover
Local: Perafita, Matosinhos, Portugal
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- Agradeço a quem comenta ou adiciona minhas fotos como favoritos.
- Gracias a todo el que comenta o agrega mis fotos como favoritas.
- Merci pour votre visite et commentaires!
- Thanks to anyone who comments or adds my pics as favourites.
Coming 4/20 to Fantasy Faire on region Nysaris!
These ancient Waypoint Markers can be found in forests, along rivers, and other off-the-beaten-path areas to let you know you're headed in the right direction!
They come in 2 stone colors (warm and cool toned), and each has red, purple, blue, or purple crystals.
Each is 2 LI at nearly 3.5 m tall.
100% of the proceeds goes to RFL, so make sure you pick them up to do some good!
Copy/mod/original mesh/materials/responsible VRAM.
I attempted a night climb of a frozen Arthur's Seat last week to enjoy some clear skies. In this picture the Orion constellation can be seen just right from the waypoint; midway though the light beam are a few stars of the Taurus constellation culminating with the Pleiades towards the upper right hand corner.
Waypoint
Give us bearing and show us the way. One more from my evening walk. My final waypoint and the last for the day.
18mm | f7.1 | 222s | iso100
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Kemerovo is an amalgamation of, and successor to, several older Russian settlements. A waypoint named Verkhotomsky ostrog was established nearby in 1657 on a road from Tomsk to Kuznetsk fortress. In 1701, the settlement of Shcheglovo was founded on the left bank of the Tom; soon it became a village. By 1859, seven villages existed where modern Kemerovo is now: Shcheglovka (or Ust-Iskitimskoye), Kemerovo (named in 1734), Yevseyevo, Krasny Yar, Kur-Iskitim (Pleshki), Davydovo (Ishanovo), and Borovaya. In 1721, coal was discovered in the area. The first coal mines were established in 1907, later a chemical plant was established in 1916. By 1917, the population of Shcheglovo had grown to around 4,000 people.
Carduelis spinus
Status in Portugal: Winter visitor, common (in Guia de Aves de Portugal e da Europa – Assírio & Alvim)
ID
Pt: Lugre
Es: Lúgano común
En-us: Siskin
Local: Senhor do Padrão, Matosinhos, Portugal
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- Agradeço a quem comenta ou adiciona minhas fotos como favoritos.
- Gracias a todo el que comenta o agrega mis fotos como favoritas.
- Merci pour votre visite et commentaires!
- Thanks to anyone who comments or adds my pics as favourites.
Claror-Peguera mountainscape. View from Borda del Gasto waypoint. Sant Julia de Loria, Gran Valira, Andorra, Pyrenees - (c) Lutz Meyer
More Borda del Gasto, Fontaneda, Sant Julia de Loria parroquia: Follow the group links at right side.
.......
About this image:
* Medium format 4x3 (645) high quality image
* Usage: Large format prints optional
* Motive is suitable as symbol pic
* "Andorra authentic" edition (20 years 2003-2023)
* "Andorra camis & rutes" active collection
* Advanced metadata functionality on dynamic websites or apps
* for large metadata-controlled business collections: photo-archives, travel agencies, tourism editiorials
We offer 200.000+ photos of Andorra and North of Spain. 20.000+ visable here at Flickr. Its the largest professional image catalog of Andorra: all regions, all cities and villages, all times, all seasons, all weather(s). Consistent for additional advanced programming. For smartphones and web-db. REAL TIME!
It's based on GeoCoded stock-photo images and metadata with 4-5 languages. Prepared for easy systematic organising of very large image portfolios with advanced online / print-publishing as "Culture-GIS" (Geographic Info System).
More information about usage, tips, how-to, conditions: www.flickr.com/people/lutzmeyer/. Get quality, data consistency, stable organisation and PR environments: Professional stockphotos for exciting stories - docu, tales, mystic.
Ask for licence! lutz(at)lutz-meyer.com
(c) Lutz Meyer, all rights reserved. Do not use this photo without license.
Lighthouse at the furthest point west on continental Europe, Cape St. Vincent light has been a waypoint for mariners for hundreds of years.
Previously at day #19 I wrote about the major waypoint in photographic development where one ceases to imitate others and starts creating photography from his own point of view. Today I want raise up another important waypoint in photographic development and it is the step when you start to manipulate the scenes you are photographing.
For beginners it is typical that they search for nice looking photographic scenes and 'snap' away when they find one – typical sceneries being sunsets, flowers, landscapes etc. One can of course make interesting pictures this way, but as a method this approach is pretty limited and doesn't provide much ground for photographic development. But as soon as you start to plan your pictures and try get the circumstances as good as possible for a great picture you take a huge step in your photography. There are of course endless ways to manipulate and enhance your scenes and there is no right or wrong here. For example, a landscape photographer might start to plan his photography according with the sun movements and weather. A portrait photographer might start to make collaboration with makeup artists for better subjects. An outdoor photographer might plan trips to certain high profile places for better portfolio. Etc. The point is that when you start to manipulate your scenes you don't just 'take' pictures, you start to 'make' them.
I began to manipulate scenes when I bought a broken 'cheap ass' Yongnuo led light. Once you learn to manipulate the light, whether it's led lights, flashes, modifiers or natural light, it opens up huge amount of different possibilities and will take your photography to a new level. Personally for me, that small led light opened ways to produce creative photography. It was simple enough to use, because (unlike flash) it transmits continuous light which I could move freely while evaluating results at the same time. Rather paradoxically it enabled me to introduce a certain darkness into my photography because I could kill all other light sources. Inspired by obscure dream like feelings I started to create these silent scenes that addressed something within me. I learned to love a chiaroscuro type of lighting where all the light sources are within the scene itself and no additional light comes from the outside. Only later on I learned the actual term for it and the fact that this type of aesthetics was largely invented by Caravaggio (see some examples here). In my photographic vision the chiaroscuro meant dramatic and contemporary look which would hide obscure and subconscious feelings within its darkness. In short, these type of pictures addressed my 'photographic eye' and they became part of my identity as a photographer.
This is of course a nice story, but the real point that I want to make here is that all of this was possible with just one light. Technically very simple, but it enabled me to start manipulating scenes and get into that creative flow where one successful picture would often produce ideas for the next one. If I hadn't bought that led light, it could have happened that I would never have taken that crucial step where my photography changed from 'take' to 'make'. For me it meant photographic development and it has given me a lot of inspiration and joy. Needless to say that it was easily the best 70 bucks I've spent on photography, even if the lid of the battery case was broken when I received that 'cheap ass' light.
With previous posts I've written about personal photographic development. There are important waypoints along the road which can lift up your photography to new levels, but there are also pitfalls. The obvious pitfall is to concentrate too much on equipment, brand differences and so on – at the expense of real content. But it is kind of too obvious and I've already write about my own experiences at day #11. So, instead I decided to write about something that goes a little bit deeper: our tendency to compare ourselves with others (and a habit of seeing photography as a competitive art form). As basic human function it is, and necessary for development, it can also be a pitfall that dries your inspiration.
Comparing ourselves to others is how our identities are built: by comparing ourselves to our peer groups we build social maps and position ourselves on those maps based on knowledge we get from the comparison. It's a fair argument that the comparison is also needed for development because we learn from others and build on what others have left for us. Being a self taught photography enthusiast I could even go as far as to say that everything I've learned from photography has come from others in a way or another.
But when it comes to building your own photographic identity and your way of seeing, the comparison will very likely disturb this process. There are many photographers out there that I've admired for their recognizable visual style. And there's a certain feeling that I get when I find some new photographer who has a very distinct style. Most often that feeling is something along the lines 'how come I don't do that kind of photography?' or 'if I could just take similar kind of pictures I would also have a strong visual identity like that'. But over the years I've learned that this sort of approach can actually distract my own vision, because it yields downward pressure, the feeling that you are 'not getting there', which will eventually affect the inspiration as well. This can become a vicious circle which will eventually kill the pleasure like a poison drank from the pink and compelling bottle. Another alternative is that one starts to build similar pictures and to think he is making great pictures because they are essentially the same that receive recognition in forums and social media. Just look at any Instagram feed and there are probably many pictures of guys standing front of the Milky way with their flashlights up in the air – it's visual identity for some few, but most of the others are just copying and not getting anywhere. The pitfall is that one tries to develop his own visual identity with a same method that usually work well when learning new photography techniques. But the comparison is often a process that brings the divergence closer and it rarely opens up new pathways.
For me one important lesson has been that I intentionally try to detach myself from other photographers work. I admire some photographers, but I don't follow anyone or compare my work with them. On a fundamental level I've accepted that I'm a different story and I will not become someone I admire even if I wanted to. In a way I've made peace with myself and don't fight against what naturally flows out inside of me – even if it's not as cool or refined as something else. Instead I urge everyone to find their own 'fragile string of what is meaningful' which they can start to wind up. Stop worrying whether 'you are getting there or not', instead create your own visual world. I can already hear someone screaming 'but you need talent to do that'. I'd like to think that getting personal is enough, the talent will follow once you have really established 'the why' behind your photography and defined 'the success' on a personal level (whatever it is). From there your photography is supported by larger structures (the context you've made yourself) and iterating your photography within those structures will eventually bring in the talent (maybe after the famous 10 000 pictures). Then someday someone from the outside of your personal world comes by and is amazed how personal and unique your photography is. It is because you've followed your own vision and built your own identity as a photographer.
So, don't compare. Instead try to create your own vision and identity as a photographer. If you keep your focus on creating and evaluating your work, you are 'getting there'.
Eugene Landry (Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe 1932-1988.)
Oil on canvas
Eugene Landry: An Artist, a Time and a Tribe
May 28-29, 2022
Shoalwater Bay Heritage Museum of the Shoalwater Bay Tribe, Tokeland, Washington.
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Bay Center
A community on Goose Point where the Palix River enters Willapa Bay.
With its large oyster cannery and shell-crushing plant, this was where the first commercial harvesting of oysters on the Pacific Coast began between 1849 and 1851 at Shoalwater Bay, now known as Willapa Harbor, widely known for its oyster culture.
The settlement’s first name was Palix. In 1875, it was changed to the present name by Mrs. Leonard Rhoades because the site is the middle of the landward side of Willapa Bay. Around the turn of the century there were so many churches on the point that residents referred to the town as either New Jerusalem or Saints Rest.
revisitwa.org/waypoint/bay-center/
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Bay Center is a small town north of Long Beach Washington, and Goose Point is just across Willipa Bay from Bay Center. Both places were locations of Chinook villages before the arrival of European American settlers in the eighteenth century. Joel Brown was the first settler to arrive and hoped to name the town after himself. Dr. James Johnson was another white settler who spent time in Bay Center and Goose Point. He was the only physician in the area and treated both white and native people. At the same time the Wilsons and Rhoades settled into Bay Center and became the first permanent American residents.
All of the narrators’ families connect back to these families. The creation of Bay Center provided a community where native and white people mixed in all facets of life, and the residents told stories about the Chinook village at Goose Point. The narrators believe that Bay Center was a great place to grow up and enjoy the tight-knit community, although there were strained relationships between white and native peoples. Bay Center provided a place for these two groups to come together and mix through education, intermarriage, employment, traditions and military service. Many residents worked in the oyster, fishing, and timber industry. Many of the narrators have a sense of pride in the community that brought the Chinook and white groups together.
Bay Center was a wonderful place to grow up. According to Joe Brignone there was no crime or drugs and the community helped each other to raise children. Everyone remembers the smoke houses and smoking fish. School in South Bend and the Shaker Church in Goose Point were also recollections that were shared. Bay Center provides the canvas for the Chinook narrators to recall changes to the place and their families over time.
Personal Stories
Sam Robinson’s childhood memory of Bay Center:
One thing I know about, especially in the spring and the fall is when we’d go to Bay Center is, as soon as you got off the highway and started coming in to Bay Center, you start smelling all the smoke houses going. You know, you just come in and everybody was smoking fish. And it was great, you know. So you’d come in there and you’d say, “Hey is the fish ready? Is the fish ready?
“No, no, it’s got a couple more hours.” So you’re patiently waiting for them to open up that smoke house and dole out some fish. That was one of my memories when I was a kid is always pulling into Bay Center and smelling that fish…
Sam Robinson talks about Sammy’s dredge in Bay Center:
It hasn’t been that long. He passed away probably about three years ago, maybe four at the max. Yeah. And he looked good all the way up to the end. I mean he was out there on the dredge. We’d be up there sitting at Phil and Clara’s house looking out the window and he’d be out there dredging away on the Skanoentl or one of the other dredges that had been around for generations. You know, some of those dredges have been around forever. And they’re still using them out there…
Well, the Skanoentl, oyster yeah, it was a deep haul dredge. It wasn’t the flat ones like they have now. And the guy took that to Ilwaco and he totally, he refurbished it and he was going to take it to Nahcotta, but for some reason he ended up taking it back to Bay Center. And last time I was in Bay Center it was down there. So, yeah, so a lot of those have been around for many generations, you know, you just don’t give them up. They work, they work well.
Joe Brignone talks about growing up in Bay Center:
For a kid growing up at the time that I grew up you could not have found a better place to grow up than Bay Center, Washington. There was plenty of work; you know, the late ‘30s, early ‘40s, people were still recovering from the Depression. But the fishing and the canneries and everything was running, they were running really great and everything. And you had the beaches down there. Virtually no crime or anything like that. No drugs at all, not even all the way through high school I never heard the word drugs, see.
I mean that was a wonderful place to grow up. Just, I can’t say, I can’t say anything bad about it.
And the town smelled like rotten oysters. There’s no doubt about.
Keen Reed on Bay Center in his childhood in the 1930s:
See, it wasn’t an empty town like it is now. It was a thriving town. It had three grocery stores, all functional.
…
As a kid, and I mean probably five years old, going down to the Indian Village [at Goose Point], they had a plank road going down to the first level where the church was. And I don’t know how long that church lasted before it burned down.
Anna May Strong talks about Goose Point:
Um, and it wasn’t Bay Center as you see Bay Center now, today. The village was at Goose Point. That was the Indian village. That was their village. They stopped there when they came up, down the bay from Long Island because the Indians lived on Long Island and they came in their canoes down to Goose Point. There was a cutting off place up by Sandy Point, which no longer exists. Everything’s gone up there, washed away to sea. But the slough that runs through where Bee Bayity [?] and Grandpa, at Laurel’s place, the slough that winds clear around and comes out at the Palix, that was a portage. And the Indians that came down from Long Island came through, as a short cut and then they didn’t have to go paddle around Goose Point and come around into now Current Slough at Bay Center Village.
Anna May Strong speaks to the future of Goose Point:
Melissa Swank: What would you like to see different under recognition?
Anna May Strong: I want to see them have a village back at Goose Point, this is a dream list now, I want not Bay Center to be the focal point, I want Goose Point to be the focal point. I do want them to have a museum if I ever get my stuff to where I can give it to them. And I think they should keep on and, what’s the word? Doing the canoe, canoes just being a natural part of looking out on the bay like it was when the white men first came. Mom told me, because she lived and Mom was born at Goose Point because her dad and the older kids had lived at Stony Point and then he decided to come across the bay to Bay Center and then they lived at Goose Point, had their house there. Mom and Uncle Til were both born at Goose Point and then they bought up on the hill in Bay Center.
chinookstory.org/bay-center-goose-point/
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Portrait of an Artist
Eugene ''Gene'' Landry (1937-1988) was a noted Northwest Native artist, who painted from the confines of a wheelchair. His personal story is one of perseverance, of an artist who created despite setbacks, always with humor and style.
Landry's art offers a glimpse into a transitional and little-documented time in Northwest Native history. His paintings are important because they represent a Native artist's portrayal of his own people during a time when Native Americans were erased, marginalized, and misrepresented by stereotypes in media and public education.
Landry painted contemporary portraits of his people, depicting them as they were. As one of his models said, ''We're so small and isolated here. People think we're so different. At one time, we had a bunch of kids from Raymond come down, and they wanted to know where our feathers were."
Gene was born in the village of Taholah on the Quinault Indian
Reservation. His biological mother was Hoh and his father was Quileute and Swedish. As an infant, he was adopted by Myrtle (Charley) and Fred Landry and raised at Georgetown, Myrtle's reservation.
Identity
As the only child of Myrtle and Fred Landry, Gene was well provided for and deeply loved. His biological-mother, Isabelle Hudson, a full-blooded Hoh, is remembered as having dark reddish-brown hair. His father, Austin Rosander, was half Quiliuette and half Swedish. Although Gene was adopted as a baby, he maintained ties with his biological family, who lived in Grays Harbor and the surrounding area.
Gene's appearance did not conform to expectations of what an Indian was "supposed to look like." His bright red hair (sometimes referred to as "Hoh River blond") made him stand out. In high school, he styled his hair like James Dean and drove a red 1937 hot rod Ford coupe. He was a gifted athlete, known for his running and boxing prowess, but he wasn't
allowed to run track because he refused to cut his hair.
Gene's art training was not traditional to his culture. He reached advanced levels in art at Aberdeen and Ocosta High Schools, but there were no practitioners of Native arts around to mentor him. He explored and developed his talent using the means available, based on Western European art traditions. He would go on to create art with a native sensibility, using the tools available.
Art Student
Gene trained himself to use his non-dominant left hand to paint. In 1961, he enrolled at the Leon F. Derbyshire School of Fine Arts in Seattle. There was no wheelchair access, so Gene had to be carried up the stairs to the second floor classroom.
In 1962 Gene studied with noted Northwest sculptor Philip Levine at his Phoenix Gallery in Seattle. By 1964, Gene was showing his work and winning acclaim in the Pacific Northwest. Over the next four years, he exhibited at the Frye Museum, the West Coast Annual at the Seattle Civic Center, The Edmonds and Anacortes Art Festivals, and the La Grande All Indian Arts Festivals.
Gene met Sharon Billingsley, a model and painter who attended classes at Derbyshire, and they struck up a friendship that led to romance. The couple could often be found sketching street scenes side by side, Gene in his wheelchair, Sharon next to him on a folding stool.
Gene and Sharon married in California on May 28, 1965. They went to Paris to study art, then returned to the Northwest, living in Seattle, Tacoma, and Georgetown until their marriage ended in 1972.
Back to Georgetown, Washington
In the late l960s, Landry moved back to the Shoalwater Bay Reservation. He set up a studio inside a small cabin that had been moved to the reservation from North Cove's at Washaway Beach. A wheel chair ramp and wrap-around deck made it accessible for plein air painting. Situated on the shore of Shoalwater Bay, Gene painted still-lives utilizing objects that washed in on the tides: glass fishing floats, discolored rope, old bones, shells and feathers.
He also painted still lifes and portraits in oil, using his family and friends as models. These works span a pivotal time in the tribe's history, from near termination to federal recognition.
Fifty years have passed since Gene painted Winona Weber's portrait. When asked why Landry's art matters today, she replied:
“I am a historian at heart. Gene's art is part of our history. Also, a talent like his really deserves to be acknowledged. When I was working with the women's history project, I said I was happy to be breaking some stereotypes of native women. A woman said it should just be commonplace. But first you have to be visible to be usual. I would like to see Gene visible."
Later Years
Gene traveled throughout the Southwest, spending time in New Mexico and Arizona. He traveled to Mexico and the Philippines seeking native healers to help with his deteriorating health. He eventually lost function in his left arm but continued to make art, holding the brush in his teeth to reach higher places on the canvas.
In 1980 Gene moved to Santa Barbara. His house, perched on a bluff overlooking the sea, was filled with art, his own and others. He opened a gallery downtown and championed the work of local artists. In the mid 80s his business partner-who was also his care giver unexpectedly died. His own health declining, Gene returned to his parent's home on the reservation.
Gene Landry died April 7, 1988 at age 51. He is buried next to Myrtle Landry and his relations in the Indian section at Sunset Memorial in Hoquiam, Washington. The Shoalwater Bay Tribe’s Na ‘m ‘sc ‘ac Heritage Museum is located on the former site of the cabin and dome.
Illness, November 1955
The illness came without warning. When 17-year-old Gene suddenly lost consciousness, his parents wrapped him in blankets and drove two hours to Cushman Indian Hospital in Tacoma. There were closer facilities for emergency care, but they did not provide Indian Health services. Gene remained a patient at Cushman for two and a half years, undergoing treatment for tubercular meningitis. The disease paralyzed his legs, and he endured grueling physical therapy, but he continued to work on paintings from a hospital bed.
Gene's parents moved to Tacoma to be closer to the hospital. When Myrtle Landry raised concerns about his condition and the poor care, Gene was abruptly discharged. Myrtle Landry (Washington Women's Heritage Project 1980):
"One doctor said, 'Why don't you just go and leave him and forget about him?' I said, 'Just who do you think you're talking to anyway?' I said, 'I got feelings, even though I'm a full blood Indian, I got feelings.' He said, 'Well, he'll never amount to anything.' I said, 'Well, I'm sure as heck not gonna let him die here.' And boy I raised Cain with 'em. So they told us one day, 'You get out.'
And then the State decided they could do more for him than I could." The decision proved tragic. At a rehabilitation facility on Bainbridge Island, Gene fell while being moved by attendants and suffered a spinal injury. He lost the use of his right arm and the possibility of ever walking again. He was 21 years old.
Like I stated in my previous post, one thing I'm trying to concentrate on in the year 2016 are the 'the black frames' – something that my inner vision is transmitting to my daily consciousness in a regular basis. But concentrating on photography for a full year surely begs for other goals as well. So what else should I do with this year?
The waypoint two, documenting the family life, is very clear objective to me as I think it represents the most important photographic undertaking that I can possibly do in my life. It's really a long term project of years and what I'm trying to do is creating an imagery of Aura's (3 years) and Meri's (7 months) own childhood, which they can use later on to discover their past and forgotten memories. I deeply believe that taking photographs of your family is the most important genre of photography to many and I can't imagine anything to be as influential than images of the family life lived together. They are photographs that are treasured for decades if not over generations and used for constructing the visual imagery of the past. They store traces and those fleeting moments of life which would otherwise be so easily forgotten. Family photography might be a 'small photography' compared to many other genres which often get a lot more attention in photography circles, but I believe that it is still much more influential in a silent way than anything else out there. You can also take this as an advice: be sure to photograph those who are the most important in your life and capture those moments because time cannot be reversed.
Diving into 'family photo documentary work' is also a task I'm trying to fit to the Zeiss Loxia lenses (Loxia 2/35 & Loxia 2/50). I'm currently very much intrigued by the idea that I would use these manual focusing lenses for capturing our daily activities and let their optical characteristics enhance the images I'm making. I've been testing the Loxia lenses and at the moment I have to say that there is something in their rendering that feels very suitable for this kind of work, but I will have to come back to this later as it is too lengthy subject for this entry.
So, the waypoint number two is the family photo documentary work. While this is something I will definitely concentrate more on during the summer, the Loxias will keep me busy testing them and I will surely share something regularly in coming weeks and talk more about my Loxia experience.
Ps. For this picture I only used a natural light (since like most of the fellow photographers out there, I can only dream about having a proper studio setup in home). There was this beautiful light coming from the window, but it was too strong and directional. I decided to use a white carpet on the floor to bounce this light into Aura's face from underneath and to mix it with the ambience light. For the background I used a mattress with bedsheet over it. A poor little substitute for the proper studio, but I think it came out surprisingly well. Another long lasting memory created.
Days of Zeiss: www.daysofzeiss.com
Street cycling, mountainbiking and hiking: Waypoint Ruta Ciclista Coll de la Gallina: Borda del Gasto, Fontaneda, Sant Julia, Gran Valira, Andorra, Pyrenees
More Andorra Gran Valira (Sant Julia) fotos: www.flickr.com/photos/lutzmeyer/sets/72157622984406106
More Sant Julia parroquia fotos: www.flickr.com/groups/santjulia/pool/
More Fontaneda & Sant Julia images: Follow the group links at right side.
.......
About this image:
* Medium format 4x3 (645) high quality image
* Usage: Large format prints optional
* Motive is suitable as symbol pic
* "Andorra authentic" edition (10 years decade 2008-2018)
* "Andorra camis & rutes" active collection
* Advanced metadata functionality on dynamic websites or apps
* for large metadata-controlled business collections: photo-archives, travel agencies, tourism redactions
We offer 100.000+ photos of Andorra and North of Spain. The biggest professional image catalog of Andorra from the newer history: all regions, all cities and villages, all times, all seasons, all weather(s). HighRes & HighColor GeoCoded stock-photo images including metadata in 4-5 languages. Prepared for an easy systematic organising of large image portfolios with advanced online / print-publishing as "Culture-GIS" (Geographic Info System). The big stockphoto collection from the Pyrenees.
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Seen here turning left over BESTA waypoint while cruising as AY1971 from Helsinki to Krabi (Thailand).
My tripod is half submerged and the water was vibrating it pretty good but I managed to get a decent exposure.
State: Michigan
Location: Michigan U.P., Alger County, in the Pictured Rocks National Lake Shore.
Height: 40
Crest: 10
Water Source: Miners River
Waypoint: 46.47444N 86.53056W
visit my - Profile - for a link to my website
camera - Nikon D700
focal length -17mm
Lens - Nikon 16-35mm
Exposure - 1/5 sec
Aperture - f/11mm
ISO Speed - 200
Quality - raw processed in capture NX2
Filter - cpl
Tripod - Manfrotto proxb
© Copyright 2011 John McCormick , All Rights Reserved.
Waypoint Ruta Ciclista Coll de la Gallina: Borda del Gasto, Fontaneda, Sant Julia, Gran Valira, Andorra, Pyrenees
More Andorra Gran Valira (Sant Julia) fotos: www.flickr.com/photos/lutzmeyer/sets/72157622984406106
More Sant Julia parroquia fotos: www.flickr.com/groups/santjulia/pool/
More Fontaneda & Sant Julia images: Follow the group links at right side.
.......
About this image:
* Medium format 4x3 (645) high quality image
* Usage: Large format prints optional
* Motive is suitable as symbol pic
* "Andorra authentic" edition (10 years decade 2008-2018)
* "Andorra camis & rutes" active collection
* Advanced metadata functionality on dynamic websites or apps
* for large metadata-controlled business collections: photo-archives, travel agencies, tourism redactions
We offer 100.000+ photos of Andorra and North of Spain. The biggest professional image catalog of Andorra from the newer history: all regions, all cities and villages, all times, all seasons, all weather(s). HighRes & HighColor GeoCoded stock-photo images including metadata in 4-5 languages. Prepared for an easy systematic organising of large image portfolios with advanced online / print-publishing as "Culture-GIS" (Geographic Info System). The big stockphoto collection from the Pyrenees.
More information about usage, tips, how-to, conditions: www.flickr.com/people/lutzmeyer/. Get quality, data consistency, stable organisation and PR environments: Professional stockphotos for exciting stories - docu, tales, mystic.
Ask for licence! lutz(at)lutz-meyer.com
(c) Lutz Meyer, all rights reserved. Do not use this photo without license.
Arma 3 • 7680x3240 • Custom camera script (FreeCam, FoV, time of day/month/year, weather, gamespeed, in-engine post process effects, other stuff) • In-game mission editor
Contact Me • Twitter • YouTube
Description • X-Cam prototype map by Silola
Seljalandsfoss is one of the most famous waterfalls of Iceland. It was a waypoint during the first leg of The Amazing Race 6 :) and probably the waterfall in Iceland that is most photographed along with Gullfoss. I like to go there in the night at winter time because the lightning is amazing as well as there is much less traffic :0) This waterfall of the river Seljalandsá drops 60 metres (200 ft) over the cliffs of the former coastline.
Seljalandsfoss is situated in between Selfoss and Skógafoss at the road crossing of Route 1 (the Ring Road) with the track going into Þórsmörk. That means that right now it is not accessible due to flood down Markafljót river from Eyjafjallajökull because of the eruption. I just hope that this area as well as many others on the area around the eruption site will not be damage to much after all this.
Hope you all will have a great Tuesday and thanks for visiting my stream...
Helga
Life Web cameras around the glacier:
Monument is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the Monument area of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 15 November 1981, following the opening of the third phase of the network, between Haymarket and Heworth. The station is named after Grey's Monument, which stands directly above it.
The station opened with services from the lower level platforms (1 and 2) commencing on 15 November 1981, when the line was extended south from the temporary terminus at Haymarket to Heworth.
The remaining two platforms on the upper level (3 and 4) opened when services between Tynemouth and St James via Wallsend commenced on 14 November 1982.
During construction, it was discovered that the column of Grey's Monument – the 41-metre (135-foot) statue, built in 1838, that sits above the railway line – had foundations less than 2 metres (6 feet 7 inches) deep. The engineers had to build better supports for the monument.
The ticket hall has a number of exits, including into the Fenwick department store, Eldon Square, Blackett Street and Grey Street.
The ticket hall additionally contains its own shops including a branch of Sainsbury's Local. The station previously housed a Nexus TravelShop which closed in 2015. In 2019 work was underway to convert the former TravelShop into the country's first underground bar, The Waypoint.
As of April 2021, services operate at the following frequency:
Platform 1 and 2 are served by up to ten trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to eight trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday. Additional services operate between Pelaw and Benton, Monkseaton, Regent Centre or South Gosforth at peak times.
Platform 3 and 4 are served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
As of April 2021, it is one of only three stations in the world where the same line passes through the same station twice in a pretzel configuration. Other stations using this layout are Voorweg on the RandstadRail network in The Hague, Netherlands, and Serdika and Serdika II on the Sofia Metro in Sofia, Bulgaria. A similar layout also existed on the Vancouver SkyTrain in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at Commercial–Broadway between 2002 and 2016.
Trains departing from platform 1 and platform 3 both state South Shields as their destination. However, trains from platform 3 they must first complete an anti-clockwise circuit, running via Wallsend, Whitley Bay and South Gosforth. The journey time to South Shields is considerably shorter when departing from platform 1 (28 minutes), rather than platform 3 (82 minutes).
The station features some art installations. By one of the entrances is a mural, Famous Faces, created by Bob Olley. It features a number of famous people from the North East, looking out of the window of a train. This is mentioned on the song By the Monument by the band Maxïmo Park, who grew up in the area.
Outside the station, a simple ventilation shaft has been disguised by Parsons Polygon. Created by David Hamilton as a tribute to Sir Charles Parsons. It is made from clay and features abstract designs based on Parsons' engineering drawings. There are also some designs based on circuitry which have been sand-blasted into the walls and paving of the entrances to the station. This was installed in 2002 and is entitled Circuit. It was created by Richard Cole.
Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.
Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.
Roman settlement
The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.
The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.
Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.
Anglo-Saxon development
The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.
Norman period
After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.
In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.
Middle Ages
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.
The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.
In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.
In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.
Religious houses
During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.
The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.
The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.
The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.
The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.
The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.
All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.
An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.
Tudor period
The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.
During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).
With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.
Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.
The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.
In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.
Stuart period
In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.
In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.
In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.
In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.
In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.
A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.
Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.
In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.
In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.
Eighteenth century
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.
In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.
In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.
Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.
The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.
In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.
Victorian period
Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.
In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.
In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.
In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.
In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.
Industrialisation
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.
Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:
George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.
George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.
Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.
William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.
The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:
Glassmaking
A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Locomotive manufacture
In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.
Shipbuilding
In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.
Armaments
In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.
Steam turbines
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.
Pottery
In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.
Expansion of the city
Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.
Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.
Twentieth century
In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.
During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.
In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.
Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.
As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.
In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.
As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.
Recent developments
Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.
Reflection Canyon is a side canyon of Glen Canyon, now the controversial reservior Lake Powell, and its name can be seen on the USGS 7.5' topo map. Its beautiful curves and contrast between water and sandstone walls were first captured by National Geographic photographer Michael Melford in spring 2005, when the water level of Lake Powell hit its lowest since it had been filled in 1970s. It squeezed my curiosity again last October, when Melford's photo featured in the Retina display of Apple's newest generation of 13" Macbook Pro. I first thought this secret location can be only reached by boat -- there was a boat passing through the canyon in Melford's original work. Surprisingly, after simply googled the name, I read a (not-so-successful) trip report of hiking to the exact spot by German photographer/hiker Rainer Grosskopf. He was able to got there after negotiated a strenuous 8-mile (then doubled to make roundtrip) hike on rough terrain without any trail or mark, but the water level was significantly higher than that of 2005, making it more like a large pond instead of curving waterway. The water level is much lower now, but it is still 50' higher than Melford's luck, making me not couragous enough to take the risk with my limited travel opportunity, so the plan was put aside indefinitely until a couple of weeks ago, when I saw Chen Su from Kansas, posted a photo of Reflection Canyon with decent water level, on the social network website Renren. He followed the GPS waypoints shared by Grosskopf and told me it was indeed a tough adventure. Although I was pretty confident in finding route and hiking long distance in the southwest desert environment, still I thought going alone would be too risky. I grabbed Kai Song (Bro Bing) as the partner, together with two of his friends we formed a group of four and tackled the route on a sunny spring day. We were definitely stunned when we overcame the last obstacle and the surreal view filled our eyes. The resulting snapshot was not as perfect as Melford's -- the water level was still about 40' higher than the lowest thus the rock fins connecting the walls and buttes were still under water -- I still feel content and proud for seeing it with my own eyes after such an unforgettable adventure.
See the video here: zerodriftmedia.com/dji-inspire-1-quinns-mindarie-western/
Accuracy plays a big part in shooting a great scene and ensuring the people around you remain safe. This movie was created as a test of autonomous flight controls using pre-programmed GPS waypoints in some shots to improve safety when flying in close quarters. Nice place for it too!
Includes...
Waypoint Borda del Bringuer at road to Fontaneda (Ruta Ciclista de Gallina), Sant Julia, Gran Valira, Andorra, Pyrenees
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Between science waypoints during Operation IceBridge’s flight on April 29, 2011, the P-3 flew over the wreck of a B-29 named Kee Bird that crash-landed in Greenland in 1947.
Operation IceBridge, now in its third year, makes annual campaigns in the Arctic and Antarctic where science flights monitor glaciers, ice sheets and sea ice.
Credit: NASA/Michael Studinger
To learn more about Ice Bridge go to: www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/icebridge/news/spr11/index.html
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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This mural brings together the shared ideals of community, diversity, inclusion, and participation. In consultation with various Native and non-Native community representatives, the artwork took shape and allows for an open interpretation as the viewer takes in all angles in one of the largest murals completed by the artist to date. The artwork is part of a growing trail of monumental murals painted by the artist throughout the Midwest including works in Faulkton, South Dakota and Fort Dodge, Iowa. ( more on images 1 and 2 )