View allAll Photos Tagged WORLDWIDE_FAMILY
#nacreousclouds.
On a side note, watching #sundogs and other atm. Phenomena before my very eyes has been on my bucket list for quite some time and yet to be checked off. Still waiting for the right time and chance to photograph one of those.
#tpssony @thephotosociety @sonyalpha
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#exploreeverything #featuremeinstagood #canon_photos #igrecommend #followme #canonmy #sunset #createcommune#featuremebest #igworldclub #justgoshoot #lifeofadventure #majesticmoments #neverstopexploring #explorersclub #peoplescreatives #socality #shuttoutcom #thecoolmagazine #vscofolk #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY #wanderfolk #broninart #viewbugfeature #instagramers
I don't need you. I just need 8 million dollars.
#skyporn #sky #skypornpics
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#exploreeverything #featuremeinstagood #canon #igrecommend #followme #skyporn #canonmy ##featuremebest #igworldclub #justgoshoot #lifeofadventure #majesticmoments #neverstopexploring #explorersclub #peoplescreatives #socality #shuttoutcom #thecoolmagazine #vscofolk #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY #wanderfolk #broninart #viewbugfeature #instagramers
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (oblique lateral view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, the carrier snail has attached a mix of different objects to its shell. I see gastropod shells, bivalve shells, shell fragments, and rocks.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, numerous attached shells are present. Most of the objects that have been picked up are shells from other gastropod species, plus some bivalve shells, and shell fragments.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
This species is part of the Japanese Province: "Sandwiched between the cold-waters of northern Japan and the warmer, more southerly areas of Okinawa and Taiwan is the rather isolated Japanese Province containing such endemic species as the noble scallop, Japanese wonder shell and many latiaxis snails. This temperate-water area supports about 1,500 species, including the famous Japanese pearl oyster." [info. from museum signage]
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
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#projekkontest #wow_havoc #projekwaghih #ikutcarakita #beautiful #broninart #featuremeinstagood #instagood #instadaily #igers_brother #malaysianIG #igersgersang #misterflopatrickfeatureme #nature #photooftheday #streetphotography #gengVSCOcam #vscocam #worldbestgram #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (lateral view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, the carrier snail has attached many gastropod shells plus a large upright object - the accompanying museum signage identifies it as a bryozoan colony, but it appears to be a hexactinellid sponge, which has a siliceous (opaline) skeleton.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora tenuis Fulton, 1938 - thin carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Acah acah nak jadi photographer sat.
Lokasi: Masjid Sultanah Nur Zahirah, #terengganudaruliman #throwback
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#projekkontest #wow_havoc #projekwaghih #ikutcarakita #beautiful #broninart #featuremeinstagood #instagood #instadaily #igers_brother #malaysianIG #misterflopatrickfeatureme #nature #photooftheday #streetphotography #trees #vscocam #worldbestgram #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY
eyesboyzinsta: Nice
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, numerous attached shells are present. Most of the objects that have been picked up are shells from other gastropod species. A large bivalve shell is also present, plus some not readily recognizable objects.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora tenuis Fulton, 1938 - thin carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (lateral view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, the carrier snail has attached many gastropod shells plus a large upright object - the accompanying museum signage identifies it as a bryozoan colony, but it appears to be a hexactinellid sponge, which has a siliceous (opaline) skeleton.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Connect with U.S. Army Garrison Rheinland-Pfalz
U.S. Army Garrison Rheinland-Pfalz web site
On Aug. 23, 2014, U.S. Army Garrison Rheinland-Pfalz's emergency services directorate held it's National Night Out event, together with the USO Sun and Fun event, at Pulaski Park, on Pulaski Barracks in Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Begun in 1984, National Night Out is a community-police awareness-raising event. It now involves over 37.8 million people and 16,124 communities from all fifty states, U.S. Territories, Canadian cities, and military bases worldwide.
Families had the opportunity to learning about fighting crime and what they can do support local law enforcement. There were working dog demonstrations, child ID kits, crime prevention programs and activity tables. The best part, young people got a chance to meet military police and garrison firefighters, plus Sparky the Fire Dog and Daren the Lion.
(Photos by Rick Scavetta, U.S. Army Garrison Rheinland-Pfalz)
Xenophora japonica Kuroda & Habe, 1971 - Japanese carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora caribaea Petit de la Saussaye, 1857 - Caribbean carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
This species is also known as Onustus caribaeus.
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, the carrier snail has attached a variety of different objects to its shell. I see gastropod shells, bivalve shells, an echinoid test (a sea biscuit - see the brownish-colored, somewhat rounded object on the left side), and small rocks.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) - sunburst carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
The sunburst carrier snail shown above is a species that doesn't frequently attach objects to its shell. From museum signage: "Instead of attaching foreign bodies, the sunburst carrier-shells create their own projections."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) - Atlantic carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, the carrier snail has covered its shell with a mix of rocks and bivalve shells and other objects.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora konoi Habe, 1953 - Kono's carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora longleyi (Born, 1780) - fossil Atlantic carrier snail from the Pliocene of Florida, USA. (lateral view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
The shells that were originally attached to the fossil Atlantic carrier snail shown above have become detached, probably during a burial-producing storm event during the Pliocene.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora japonica Kuroda & Habe, 1971 - Japanese carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) - Atlantic carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora chinensis (Philippi, 1841) - fragment carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
This species is also known as Stellaria chinensis.
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellaria_(gastropod)
Xenophora robusta Verrill, 1870 - robust carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
And if you feel just like a tourist in the city you were born, then it's time to go
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It's plain to see that sometimes the best intentions are in need of redemptions.
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Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (oblique lateral view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, the carrier snail has attached many gastropod shells plus a large upright object - the accompanying museum signage identifies it as a bryozoan colony, but it appears to be a hexactinellid sponge, which has a siliceous (opaline) skeleton.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Seated, left to right: Nahid, Paloma, Ana, Ricardo, Tammy, Grandmom, Tahereh, Petra, Lynda.
Standing: Kianoosh, Frank, Nima, Behnam, Ashkan, Eshragh, Soroosh, Mojdeh, Koorosh, Kamran, Navid
Xenophora japonica Kuroda & Habe, 1971 - Japanese carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
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Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora tenuis Fulton, 1938 - thin carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora robusta Verrill, 1870 - robust carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora granulosa granulosa Ponder, 1983 - granulose carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
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fitri_cinonet: Salam Eid al Adha
akmal_c: @fitri_cinonet selamat ✌️
akmal_c: .
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#projekkontest #wow_havoc #projekwaghih #ikutcarakita #beautiful #broninart #featuremeinstagood #instagood #instadaily #igers_brother #malaysianIG #igersgersang #misterflopatrickfeatureme #nature #photooftheday #streetphotography #gengVSCOcam #vscocam #worldbestgram #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY #silentcollective
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snails. (lateral view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
Two carrier snails are shown in the above photo (the specimen on the right appears to have toppled over in the museum case). Both have many attached gastropod shells plus a large upright object - the accompanying museum signage identifies them as bryozoan colonies, but they appear to be hexactinellid sponges, which have siliceous (opaline) skeletons.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
While #boating over to an #island. #yellow #boat #lake
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danielknewell: Killin it!
akmal_c: @danielknewell thank you very much 😃😃
akmal_c: .
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#viewbugfeature #projekkontest #wow_havoc #projekwaghih #ikutcarakita #beautiful #broninart #featuremeinstagood #instagood #instadaily #igers_brother #malaysianIG #igersgersang #misterflopatrickfeatureme #nature #photooftheday #streetphotography #gengVSCOcam #vscocam #worldbestgram #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY #silentcollective
Xenophora granulosa granulosa Ponder, 1983 - granulose carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) - Atlantic carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora indica (Gmelin, 1791) - Indian carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
This species is also known as Onustus indicus.
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
The Indian carrier snail shown above has not attached any objects to its shell.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora exuta (Reeve, 1842) - barren carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
As its common name suggests, the barren carrier snail shown above does not attach objects to its shell.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, numerous attached shells are present. Most of the objects that have been picked up are shells from other gastropod species, but shell fragments are also present, plus an apparent bivalve shell, and an apparent scaphopod shell (lower left).
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
37 Likes on Instagram
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akmal_c: .
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#exploreeverything #featuremeinstagood #canon_photos #igrecommend #followme #canonmy #createcommune#featuremebest #igworldclub #justgoshoot #lifeofadventure #majesticmoments #neverstopexploring #explorersclub #peoplescreatives #socality #shuttoutcom #thecoolmagazine #vscofolk #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY #wanderfolk #broninart #viewbugfeature #instagramers
Xenophora digitata von Martens, 1878 - digitate carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
This species is also known as Stellaria digitata and Stellaria testigera digitata.
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
The digitate carrier snail shown above is a species that doesn't attach many objects to its shell - usually less than half of the apical surface is covered.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellaria_(gastropod)
The trick is to enjoy life and whatever you're doing at that particular moment.
#skyporn #skypornpics #sky
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syaminho: cantiknya.. kat mana ni mal??
akmal_c: @syaminho dekat tasik kenyir. lawa gila rasa mcm nak duduk situ je ahahahha
akmal_c: .
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#projekkontest #wow_havoc #projekwaghih #ikutcarakita #beautiful #broninart #featuremeinstagood #instagood #instadaily #igers_brother #malaysianIG #igersgersang #misterflopatrickfeatureme #nature #photooftheday #streetphotography #gengVSCOcam #vscocam #worldbestgram #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY #silentcollective
Xenophora caribaea Petit de la Saussaye, 1857 - Caribbean carrier snail. (umbilical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
This species is also known as Onustus caribaeus.
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
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Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Xenophora solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) - sunburst carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
The sunburst carrier snail shown above is a species that doesn't frequently attach objects to its shell. From museum signage: "Instead of attaching foreign bodies, the sunburst carrier-shells create their own projections."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
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Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora exuta (Reeve, 1842) - barren carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
As its common name suggests, the barren carrier snail shown above does not attach objects to its shell.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) - pallid carrier snail. (lateral view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
In the above photo, the carrier snail has attached many gastropod shells plus a large upright object - the accompanying museum signage identifies it as a bryozoan colony, but it appears to be a hexactinellid sponge, which has a siliceous (opaline) skeleton.
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
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Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and
Kepada my best bud aka empunya beg, mohon jaga diri, hati dan iman di tempat orang. Tolong jangan lupakan kami. Kalau gusar, kami turut sedia menemani
#tb to June 2014
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11 Comments on Instagram:
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syaf_izzu: Aku raye dgan telur goreng je😭😭
akmal_c: @syaf_izzu olololo cianny hahahaha.hangit x kau goreng hahahaaa
akmal_c: @hanishazi makan dgn gula melaka lg best
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#projekkontest #wow_havoc #projekwaghih #ikutcarakita #beautiful #broninart #featuremeinstagood #instagood #instadaily #igers_brother #malaysianIG #igersgersang #misterflopatrickfeatureme #nature #photooftheday #streetphotography #gengVSCOcam #vscocam #worldbestgram #WORLDWIDE_FAMILY #silentcollective
Xenophora longleyi Bartsch, 1931 - Longley's carrier snail. (apical view) (public display, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA)
This species is also known as Onustus longleyi.
The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores.
The xenophorid snails (a.k.a. carrier snails), especially those in the genus Xenophora, are remarkable for their tendency to pick up other shells, skeletal fragments, rocks, or corals (sometimes still alive) from their surrounding environment and cement these objects to their own shells. The result looks like a pile of shells on the seafloor. Often, sponges and serpulid worm tubes are found encrusting the xenophorid shell - they contribute to the illusion that a xenophorid is simply a patch of seafloor. Xenophora carrier snails do this as a camouflage defense against predators. Decorator crabs are arthropods that engage in similar camouflage behavior (storage.montereybayaquarium.org/storage/animals/520x260/d...).
Xenophorids are principally detritivores and occur on unconsolidated, fine-grained to coarse-grained to rubbly substrates.
From museum signage: "The worldwide family of carrier-shells has for millions of years had a natural habit of attaching other shells and small objects to themselves. The family name, Xenophoridae, means "bearer" (phora) of "foreigners" (xeno). Of the 20 known living species, three live in the Caribbean Province, one in the Mediterranean, one in West Africa, and the remaining 15 in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Carrier shells will attach nearly any object within their reach. A choice of size and orientation is deliberately made. Only dead bivalves are selected and are always glued with the concave side up. Dead gastropods are always glued at the smaller, pointed end. A carrier-shell may take an hour to move an object into position with its proboscis. As many as 10 hours are taken to secrete enough new shell material to successfully "glue on" the new item. Whether for camouflage or for strengthening the edge of the shell, the carrier-shells produce projections."
Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Xenophoroidea, Xenophoridae
----------------
Some info. from Harasewych & Alcosser (1991) and Hill (1996).
----------------
More info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophora
and