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Ivan the Terrible
First Czar of Russia
1547
After the rise of Moscow, its grand prince came to be called czar. In 1547, Ivan IV, also known as Ivan the Terrible, became the first ruler to be crowned czar. Ivan made the power of the czar over all Russia complete.
Ivan was brutal, extremely suspicious, and perhaps, at times, insane. He formed a special police force and began a reign of terror in which he ordered the arrest and murder of hundreds of aristocrats. Ivan gave his victims' estates as payment to the service gentry (landowners serving in the army and government). He also established strict rules concerning the number of warriors and horses each landowner had to supply to the army. Ivan burned many towns and villages, and he killed church leaders who opposed him. In a fit of rage, Ivan even struck and killed his oldest son.
The number of service gentry increased rapidly. But their estates had no value unless the peasants remained on the land and farmed it. Ivan and later czars passed a series of laws that bound the peasants to the land as serfs. Serfdom became the economic basis of Russian power. The development of Russian serfdom differed sharply from changes occurring in Western Europe at the time. There, during the Renaissance, the growth of trade led to the use of money as royal payment. It also led to the disappearance of serfdom in Western Europe.
Ivan fought Tatars (Mongols) at Astrakhan and Kazan to the southeast, and he won their lands. Russian forces then crossed the Ural Mountains and conquered western Siberia. Ivan also tried to win lands northwest to the Baltic Sea, but he was defeated by Lithuanian, Polish, and Swedish armies.
Viktor Vasnetsov was born in a remote village Lopyal of Vyatka guberniya in 1848, the second of the six children. His father Mikhail Vasilievich Vasnetsov, a village priest, was a well-educated 'philosophy-inclined' man interested in natural science, astronomy and painting. His grandfather was an icon painter. Two of Mikhail Vasnetsov's three sons, Viktor and Apollinary, became remarkable painters, the third one becoming a schoolteacher. It was in Lopyal that Viktor started to paint, mostly landscapes and scenes of village life. Recalling his childhood in a letter to Vladimir Stasov, Vasnetsov remarked that he "had lived with peasant children and liked them not as a narodnik but as a friend".
The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood (Russian: Церковь Спаса на Крови, Tserkovʹ Spasa na Krovi) is one of the main sights of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Other names include the Church on Spilled Blood (Russian: Церковь на Крови, Tserkov’ na Krovi), the Temple of the Savior on Spilled Blood (Russian: Храм Спаса на Крови, Khram Spasa na Krovi), and the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ (Russian: Собор Воскресения Христова, Sobor Voskreseniya Khristova.)
Erected on the site where political nihilists fatally wounded Emperor Alexander II in March 1881, the church was constructed between 1883 and 1907, funded by the imperial family.
Construction began in 1883 during the reign of Alexander III, two years after the assassination of his father Alexander II. The church was dedicated to be a memorial to his father. Estimates suggest that the construction cost 4.5 million rubles. The construction was completed during the reign of Nicholas II in 1907. Funding was provided by the Imperial family with the support of many private donors.
The church is prominently situated along the Griboedov Canal; paved roads run along both sides of the canal. On March 13, 1881 (Julian date: March 1), as Alexander II's carriage passed along the embankment, a grenade thrown by an anarchist conspirator exploded. The tsar, shaken but unhurt, got out of the carriage and started to remonstrate with the presumed culprit. A second conspirator took the chance to throw another bomb, killing himself and mortally wounding the tsar. The tsar, bleeding heavily, was taken back to the Winter Palace, where he died a few hours later.
A temporary shrine was erected on the site of the attack while plans and fundraising for a more permanent memorial were undertaken. In order to build a permanent shrine on the exact spot where the assassination took place, it was decided[citation needed] to narrow the canal so that the section of road on which the tsar had been driving could be included within the walls of the church. An elaborate shrine, in the form of a ciborium, was constructed at the end of the church opposite the altar, on the exact place of Alexander's assassination. It is embellished with topaz, lazurite and other semi-precious stones,making a striking contrast with the simple cobblestones of the old road, which are exposed in the floor of the shrine.
Architecturally, the cathedral differs from Saint Petersburg's other structures. The city's architecture is predominantly Baroque and Neoclassical, but the Savior on Blood harks back to medieval Russian architecture in the spirit of romantic nationalism. It intentionally resembles the 17th-century Yaroslavl churches and the celebrated St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow.
Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator under the central dome
The church contains over 7500 square meters of mosaics—according to its restorers, more than any other church in the world.[citation needed] This record may be surpassed by the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, which houses 7700 square meters of mosaics. The interior was designed by some of the most celebrated Russian artists of the day—including Viktor Vasnetsov, Mikhail Nesterov and Mikhail Vrubel — but the church's chief architect, Alfred Alexandrovich Parland, was relatively little-known (born in Saint Petersburg in 1842 in a Baltic-German Lutheran family). Perhaps not surprisingly, the church's construction ran well over budget, having been estimated at 3.6 million rubles but ending up costing over 4.6 million. The walls and ceilings inside the church are completely covered in intricately detailed mosaics — the main pictures being biblical scenes or figures — but with very fine patterned borders setting off each picture.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
from Dancing Perch: Folk Songs and Ditties, Compiled by N. Kolpakova, Drawings by Yuri Vasnetsov.
Progress Publishers, 1974
A man in sheepskin coat, Moscow metro.
Appearance of this charismatic man made all subway car heads turn in astonishment. Such a face, similar to Vasnetsov's (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Vasnetsov) characters. We was wearing real old-style long sheepskin coat with homespun red girdle. It was not a costume, he was obviously wearing such clothes casually.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Officers in old tsarist uniform ride majestically on beautiful horses during exciting military parade on Cathedral Square of Moscow Kremlin. They look like Russian knights on defend of their Motherland and remind me of the well-known painting of Vasnetsov with the same name "Bogatyrs" that you can see in State Tretyakov Gallery. This famous 30 minute ceremony takes place in Moscow every Saturday from April till October.
Photo #036 taken on May 03, 2008
©2008 Arthur Lookyanov / ArtLook Photography
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
A Bogatyr (1914) - by Viktor Vasnetsov, Vasnetsov House Museum. A later version of this painting (1920) was aunctioned at Christies in 2011. The realised price was GBP 1,105,250. It measures no less than 158.5 x 211.8 cm.
Kovsh with Enamel Miniature of Viktor Vasnetsov's 'The Bogatyrs' (1908-1917) - Firm F Lorié, Fabergé Museum in the Shuvalov Palace
The Church contains over 7500 square metres of mosaics—according to its restorers, more than any other church in the world. This record may be surpassed by the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, which houses 7700 square meters of mosaics. The interior was designed by some of the most celebrated Russian artists of the day—including Viktor Vasnetsov, Mikhail Nesterov and Mikhail Vrubel — but the church's chief architect, Alfred Alexandrovich Parland, was relatively little-known (born in St. Petersburg in 1842 in a Baltic-German Lutheran family). Perhaps not surprisingly, the Church's construction ran well over budget, having been estimated at 3.6 million roubles but ending up costing over 4.6 million. The walls and ceilings inside the Church are completely covered in intricately detailed mosaics — the main pictures being biblical scenes or figures — but with very fine patterned borders setting off each picture.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
The work was completed in winter 1881 in Moscow, and then sent to the Society for Traveling Art Exebitions. Critic Igor Grabar called a picture of one of the best paintings of the Russian School. Vasnetsov himself as comments about his picture:
"Alyonushka" as it were lived in my head, but really I saw her in Ohtyrka when met a girl that has strike my imagination. So much sorrow, loneliness and purely Russian sadness.
from Dancing Perch: Folk Songs and Ditties, Compiled by N. Kolpakova, Drawings by Yuri Vasnetsov.
Progress Publishers, 1974
Het Nationaal Historisch Museum van Rusland (Russisch: Государственный Исторический музей) is een aan de Russische geschiedenis gewijd museum aan het Rode Plein in Moskou. De collectie van het museum bestaat uit miljoenen objecten, variërend van voorwerpen gemaakt door prehistorische stammen die ooit het huidige Rusland bewoonden tot waardevolle kunstwerken uit het bezit van de tsarenfamilie Romanov.
Het museum werd gesticht in 1872 door Ivan Zabelin, Aleksej Oevarov en enkele andere slavofielen die het nationale bewustzijn van de Russen wilden vergroten door middel van kennis van hun geschiedenis. Er werd een prijsvraag voor het ontwerp van het museumgebouw uitgeschreven, die werd gewonnen door Vladimir Osipovitsj Sjervoed (Sherwood). De architect schiep een gebouw in neorussische stijl, dat verrees tussen 1875 en 1881. De officiële opening van het museum, verricht door tsaar Alexander III, volgde in 1894. Het interieur van het gebouw werd weelderig gedecoreerd door kunstenaars als Viktor Vasnetsov, Henryk Siemiradzki en Ivan Ajvazovski. In de Sovjetperiode verdween een groot deel van de muurschilderingen achter een laag pleister, maar tijdens een restauratie die tussen 1986 en 1997 plaatsvond herstelde men het museum in zijn oude glorie.
Bron: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_Historisch_Museum_(Moskou)
Het Nationaal Historisch Museum van Rusland (Russisch: Государственный Исторический музей) is een aan de Russische geschiedenis gewijd museum aan het Rode Plein in Moskou. De collectie van het museum bestaat uit miljoenen objecten, variërend van voorwerpen gemaakt door prehistorische stammen die ooit het huidige Rusland bewoonden tot waardevolle kunstwerken uit het bezit van de tsarenfamilie Romanov.
Het museum werd gesticht in 1872 door Ivan Zabelin, Aleksej Oevarov en enkele andere slavofielen die het nationale bewustzijn van de Russen wilden vergroten door middel van kennis van hun geschiedenis. Er werd een prijsvraag voor het ontwerp van het museumgebouw uitgeschreven, die werd gewonnen door Vladimir Osipovitsj Sjervoed (Sherwood). De architect schiep een gebouw in neorussische stijl, dat verrees tussen 1875 en 1881. De officiële opening van het museum, verricht door tsaar Alexander III, volgde in 1894. Het interieur van het gebouw werd weelderig gedecoreerd door kunstenaars als Viktor Vasnetsov, Henryk Siemiradzki en Ivan Ajvazovski. In de Sovjetperiode verdween een groot deel van de muurschilderingen achter een laag pleister, maar tijdens een restauratie die tussen 1986 en 1997 plaatsvond herstelde men het museum in zijn oude glorie.
Bron: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_Historisch_Museum_(Moskou)
Баня-теремок (по проекту И. П. Ропета, 1877–1878): изделия абрамцевской столярной мастерской.
Bathhouse (Designed by Ivan Ropet, 1877–1878): collection of furniture and household goods produced by the Abramtsevo joinery, works designed by Yelena Polenova
Музей-заповедник «Абрамцево» расположен в 60 км к северо-востоку от Москвы, недалеко от г. Сергиев Посад, на берегу речки Вори. В середине XVIII в. здесь была устроена усадьба, которая получила известность в следующем столетии благодаря своим владельцам.
В 1843 г. Абрамцево приобрел писатель С. Т. Аксаков, создавший здесь свои лучшие произведения. При Аксакове усадьбу посещали писатели Н. В. Гоголь и И. С. Тургенев, историк М. П. Погодин, актер М. С. Щепкин, другие знаменитые современники.
В 1870 г. Абрамцево купил железнодорожный промышленник, художественный и театральный деятель С. И. Мамонтов. При Мамонтове в Абрамцеве гостили В. Д. Поленов, В. М. Васнецов, И. Е. Репин, И. С. Остроухов, В. А. Серов, К. А. Коровин, М. В. Нестеров, М. А. Врубель и другие художники, музыканты, актеры. Творческое содружество этих мастеров вошло в историю искусства как Абрамцевский художественный кружок.
The Abramtsevo Museum is located near the town of Sergiev Posad 60 kilometers (37 miles) to the north-east of Moscow. The estate was laid out on the bank of the River Vorya in the middle of the 18th century and soon became famous due to its owners.
The writer Sergey Aksakov purchased Abramtsevo in 1843. He created here his best works: notes on angling, hunting and autobiographical stories. In the days of Aksakov, writers Nikolay Gogol and Ivan Turgenev, historian Mikhail Pogodin, actor Mikhail Schepkin and other celebrated contemporaries were his guests in Abramtsevo.
The railroad magnate and patron of arts Savva Mamontov bought Abramtsevo in 1870. The new owner played host to artists Vasily Polenov, Viktor Vasnetsov, Ilya Repin, Ilya Ostroukhov, Valentin Serov, Konstantin Korovin, Mikhail Nesterov, Mikhail Vrubel and other creative personalities who united to an informal community known as the Abramtsevo Colony. Participants of the Colony created paintings, drawings, sculptures, architectural projects, decorative and applied art articles. They collected peasant handicrafts and staged amateur performances. The foundation of Abramtsevo joinery and pottery started the revival and development of traditional Russian crafts – woodcarving and majolica.
This marvelous Russian-style church was built on the spot where Emperor Alexander II was assassinated in March 1881. The church was built between 1883 and 1907 and was officially called the Resurrection of Christ Church (a.k.a. The Church of Our Savior on Spilled Blood ). Both the interior and exterior of the church is decorated with incredibly detailed mosaics, designed and created by the most prominent Russian artists of the day (V.M. Vasnetsov, M.V. Nesterov and M.A. Vrubel). The church was closed for services in the 1930s, when the Bolsheviks went on an offensive against religion and destroyed churches all over the country. It remained closed and under restoration for over 30 years and was finally re-opened in 1997 in all its dazzling former glory.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Abramtsevo. Church of Our Savior Holy image, designed by V.Vasnetsov, detail of interior (1881-1882)
Het Nationaal Historisch Museum van Rusland (Russisch: Государственный Исторический музей) is een aan de Russische geschiedenis gewijd museum aan het Rode Plein in Moskou. De collectie van het museum bestaat uit miljoenen objecten, variërend van voorwerpen gemaakt door prehistorische stammen die ooit het huidige Rusland bewoonden tot waardevolle kunstwerken uit het bezit van de tsarenfamilie Romanov.
Het museum werd gesticht in 1872 door Ivan Zabelin, Aleksej Oevarov en enkele andere slavofielen die het nationale bewustzijn van de Russen wilden vergroten door middel van kennis van hun geschiedenis. Er werd een prijsvraag voor het ontwerp van het museumgebouw uitgeschreven, die werd gewonnen door Vladimir Osipovitsj Sjervoed (Sherwood). De architect schiep een gebouw in neorussische stijl, dat verrees tussen 1875 en 1881. De officiële opening van het museum, verricht door tsaar Alexander III, volgde in 1894. Het interieur van het gebouw werd weelderig gedecoreerd door kunstenaars als Viktor Vasnetsov, Henryk Siemiradzki en Ivan Ajvazovski. In de Sovjetperiode verdween een groot deel van de muurschilderingen achter een laag pleister, maar tijdens een restauratie die tussen 1986 en 1997 plaatsvond herstelde men het museum in zijn oude glorie.
Bron: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_Historisch_Museum_(Moskou)
The Abramtsevo Estate was originally owned by devout Russian writer, Sergei Aksakov, the pioneer novelist of Russian realism who used this mansion as dacha (summer house) and favored its location to the Russia's holiest site, the Holy Trinity St. Sergius Lavra. After his death, the masion was purchased in 1870 by the powerful Russian industrialist and railroad tycoon, Savva Mamontov, who was equally passionate about Russian art and culture, founded the Russian Private Opera, organized and then supported an informal group of painters that later was called the Abramtsevo Artistic Circle. At the end of 19th century the Abramtsevo Estate became the artist's colony which is now associated with works of one the most famous Russian artists at the time of world wide influence of impressionism and foundation of modern art, as like Polenov, Repin, Vasnetsov, Korovin, Levitan, Vrubel, Serov, Nesterov and some others who lived and worked at this pleasant place.
On this picture you can see the estate's main house, which was used by the famous playwright Anton Chekhov as a model for the manor in his play The Cherry Orchard, features a plain gray and white exterior that hides a much more ornate and fascinating interior. The house's rooms vividly reflect the tastes of its former owners. After puchasing the Abramtsevo Estate, Savva Momontov strated to redecorate some part of the house in Neo-Russian and Style Moderne, but carefully preserved the midddle 19th century French Empire style of rooms made by former owner, Sergei Aksakov. Nowadays this house is opened for visitors as the main building of museum preserve in Abramtsevo.
Photo #019 taken on February 25, 2007
©2007 Moscow Guide & Driver Arthur Lookyanov
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
The State Historical Museum of Russia (Russian: Государственный Исторический музей) is a museum of Russian history wedged between Red Square and Manege Square in Moscow. Its exhibitions range from relics of the prehistoric tribes inhabiting present-day Russia, through priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty. The total number of objects in the museum's collection numbers in the millions.
The spot where the museum now stands was formerly occupied by the Principal Medicine Store, built on the order of Peter the Great in the Moscow baroque style. Several rooms in that building housed royal collections of antiquities. Other rooms were occupied by the Moscow University, founded by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1755.
The museum was founded in 1872 by Ivan Zabelin, Aleksey Uvarov and several other Slavophiles interested in promotion of Russian history and national self-awareness. The board of trustees, composed of Sergey Solovyov, Vasily Klyuchevsky, Uvarov and other leading historians, presided over construction of the museum building. After a prolonged competition the project was awarded to Vladimir Osipovich Shervud (or Sherwood, 1833-97).
The present structure was built to Sherwood's neo-Russian design between 1875 and 1881, and officially opened in 1894 by Tsar Alexander III. Its interiors were intricately decorated in the Russian Revival style by such artists as Viktor Vasnetsov, Henrik Semiradsky, and Ivan Aivazovsky. During the Soviet period the murals were proclaimed gaudy and plastered over. The museum went through a painstaking restoration of its original appearance between 1986 and 1997.
Notable items include a longboat excavated from the banks of the Volga River, gold artifacts of the Scythians, birch-bark scrolls of Novgorod, manuscripts going back to the 6th century, Russian folk ceramics, and wooden objects. The library boasts the manuscripts of the Chludov Psalter (860s), Svyatoslav's Miscellanies (1073), Mstislav Gospel (1117), Yuriev Gospel (1119), and Halych Gospel (1144). The museum's coin collection alone includes 1.7 million coins, making it the largest in Russia. In 1996 number of all articles in the museum's collection achieved 4,373,757.
A branch of the museum is housed in the adjacent building of the Moscow City Hall; two others are accommodated in the Novodevichy Convent and Saint Basil's Cathedral.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
The Moscow Kremlin or simply the Kremlin is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, it is the best known of the kremlins (Russian citadels) and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall along with the Kremlin towers. Within the complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace, which served as the royal residence of the Emperor of Russia. It is now the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. The Kremlin overlooks the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Garden to the west.
The name kremlin means 'fortress within a city' in Russian, and is often also used metonymically in international politics to refer to the Government of the Russian Federation. Likewise, during the Cold War, it referred to the Government of the Soviet Union, which operated out of the city in the erstwhile Russian SFSR. The term "Kremlinology" is related to the metonym and refers to the study of Soviet and Russian politics.
Largely open to the public, the Kremlin offers supervised tours; the accompanying Moscow Kremlin Museums reportedly attracted 1,024,610 visitors in 2023.
The State Historical Museum (Russian: Государственный исторический музей, ГИМ, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey, GIM) of Russia is a museum of Russian history located between Red Square and Manege Square in Moscow. The museum's exhibitions range from relics of prehistoric tribes that lived in the territory of present-day Russia, to priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty. The total number of objects in the museum's collection numbers in the millions.
The place where the museum now stands was formerly occupied by the Principal Medicine Store, built by order of Peter the Great in the Moscow Baroque style.
The museum was founded in 1872 by Ivan Zabelin, Aleksey Uvarov and several other Slavophiles interested in promoting Russian history and national self-awareness. The board of trustees, composed of Sergey Solovyov, Vasily Klyuchevsky, Uvarov, and other leading historians, presided over the construction of the museum building. After a prolonged competition, the project was handed over to Vladimir Osipovich Shervud (or Sherwood, 1833–97).
The present structure was built based on Sherwood's neo-Russian design between 1875 and 1881. The first 11 exhibit halls officially opened in 1883 during a visit from the tsar and his wife. Then in 1894, Tsar Alexander III became the honorary president of the museum and the following year, 1895, the museum was renamed the Tsar Alexander III Imperial Russian History Museum. Its interiors were intricately decorated in the Russian Revival style by such artists as Viktor Vasnetsov, Henryk Siemiradzki, and Ivan Aivazovsky. During the Soviet period, the murals were proclaimed gaudy and were plastered over.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Masterpiece of the Tretyakov Art Gallery (Moscow, Russia).
The Tretyakov Gallery houses one of the most celebrated and extensive collections of Russian art and artifacts in the world. The gallery was named after the financier and entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832-98), who donated approximately 2,000 works of Russian art from his own private collection to the city of Moscow at the end of the 19th century. These works formed the basis from which today's impressive collection grew. Without Tretyakov's extensive and generous patronage of the arts many Russian artists would not have been able to achieve the artistic success that they did and the world of Russian art would be considerably diminished. Along with his paintings, Tretyakov also generously donated his own house and surrounding buildings, which became the original premises of the gallery. These buildings were united under one neo-Russian facade, designed by the famous Russian artist Viktor Vasnetsov, and the gallery was opened to the public. The gallery is still housed on the same site, but in an extended and recently renovated complex of buildings, and its collection now comprises the entire spectrum of Russian art. Exhibition halls feature icons (most notably an impressive collection of icons by the artist Andrei Rublyov, 18th century portraits, 19th century Realist works, 20th century Romantic, Symbolist and avant-garde canvases and displays of graphic and applied arts. The Tretyakov's magnificent collection of Soviet art is now housed independently in the enormous Central House of Artists, opposite Gorky Park, and is well worth a visit for those admirers of 20th century art.
A visit to the Tretyakov Gallery is a definite must for anyone interested in Russian art and culture.
Frog Tsarevna (Frog Princess) by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1918.
"The Indo-European custom of communal feasts was known as bratchina (from brat, "brother") in Kiev Rus, as slava ("glorification") in Serbia & Macedonia and as sabor ("assembly") in Croatia and Bulgaria." - enWikipedia