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Our cruise from Kiel to the North Cape.
Visit to Bergen, Norway.
Bryggen has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979 (reference no. 0059)
The "Steinalt" (literally: stone-old, old as stone) at St. Marienkirche (St. Mary's Church), Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
There's a legend about this stone figure which goes like this:
An old, immensly rich merchant from Lübeck didn't want to die. Every time Death came to take him he sent him away. At last he got so old that he didn't know anyone anymore because everyone had died, even his children and grandchildren.
Now he wanted to die, but Death wouldn't come to him anymore. The merchant searched for him at night in St. Mary's Church. On a ladder that workers had left there he climbed below the roof and waited. He waited such a long time that he shrunk and turned into stone.
(own translation of the German story that I took from www.st-marien-luebeck.com/der-steinalt.html)
---quotation from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary's_Church,_L%c3%bcbeck about St. Marienkirche:---
The Lutheran Marienkirche (St. Mary's church) in Lübeck (German: Lübecker Marienkirche or officially St. Marien zu Lübeck: St. Mary's of Lübeck) was constructed between 1250 and 1350. For many years it has been a symbol of the power and prosperity of the old Hanseatic city, and as Germany's third largest church it remains the tallest building of the old part of Lübeck. It is larger than Lübeck Cathedral. Along with the city, the church has been listed by UNESCO as of cultural significance.
It is a model for the brick Gothic style of northern Germany, reflected in approximately 70 churches in the Baltic Area. In Lübeck, the high-rising Gothic style of France was adapted to north German brick. At 38.5 meters (125 ft) the church has the highest brick vault in the world. Taking the weather vanes into account, the towers are 124.95 meters (406 ft) and 124.75 meters (405.5 ft) high.
St. Mary's is located in the merchant's borough, which stretches from the docks of the River Trave all the way up to the church itself. It is the main church of the local council and the people of Lübeck, and was erected near the market and town hall. (...)
On the night of Palm Sunday from 28 to 29 March 1942, the church was almost completely burnt out during an Allied bombing raid along with about a fifth of Lübeck city centre, including the Lübeck Cathedral and St. Peter's Church. (...) Reconstruction began in 1947, and, in 12 years, the majority was complete.
---end of quotation---
The old city center of Lübeck is in great parts inscribed in the World Heritage List of the UNESCO. A plan of the inscribed zones can be found here: whc.unesco.org/download.cfm?id_document=102311
---quotation from whc.unesco.org:---
Lübeck – the former capital and Queen City of the Hanseatic League – was founded in the 12th century and prospered until the 16th century as the major trading centre for northern Europe. It has remained a centre for maritime commerce to this day, particularly with the Nordic countries. Despite the damage it suffered during the Second World War, the basic structure of the old city, consisting mainly of 15th- and 16th-century patrician residences, public monuments (the famous Holstentor brick gate), churches and salt storehouses, remains unaltered.
---end of quotation---
Sightseeing tour with Ralph on Good Friday 2016.
The actual station building in Bergün is hardly noticed. The station facilities are dominated by the large building with the Albula Railway Museum and the new platforms running parallel to it. However, the large museum building, where also a ticket hall is located today, is the former arsenal. The siding behind the Unesco World Heritage signs is used for the sledding train to Preda and has a shock-absorbing buffer stop. Switzerland, April 6, 2022.
Lubeca. Lübeck
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de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck
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"Brügge (niederländisch Brugge, französisch Bruges) ist die Hauptstadt und mit etwa 117.000 Einwohnern die größte Stadt der Provinz Westflandern in Belgien. Außerdem ist Brügge Bischofssitz der katholischen Kirche für das Bistum Brügge.
Der mittelalterliche Stadtkern wurde im Jahr 2000 von der UNESCO zum Weltkulturerbe erklärt. Im Jahr 2002 war Brügge Europäische Kulturhauptstadt."
Quelle: Wikipedia
Scan of an analog photo taken in September 1991
Das Stift Melk der Benediktiner (auch Abtei Melk genannt) steht hoch über dem rechten Ufer der Donau bei der Stadt Melk in Niederösterreich.
Der Hügel war wahrscheinlich bereits in der Römerzeit bewohnt und später hatten die Babenberger hier eine ihrer Burgen, Die Abtei wurde im Jahr 1089 gegründet, als der Babenberger Leopold II., Markgraf von Österreich, die Burg von Melk dafür zur Verfügung stelte. Der heutige barocke Baukiomplex entstand zwischen 1702 und 1740. und gehört als Wahrzeichen der Wachau zum UNESCO-Welterbe.
Mykene auf den Peloponnes / GRIECHENLAND /
Archäologische Stätte Mykene
Mycenae Guards & The Lion Gate
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Löwentor_(Mykene)
Imposant sehen sie aus, die alten Mauern von Mykene. Und man kann nur erahnen, wie gewaltig die Stadt früher einmal aussah.
Shop sign of a boulangerie with a stork and a pretzel, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France
Some background information:
I found this sign in the historic town centre of Strasbourg. It was obviously the shop sign of a bakery, but I have no idea, why there’s a stork in the sign. Maybe it has something to do with the family name of the owners as a family name like "Stork" (resp. "Cigogne" in French or "Storch" in German) wouldn’t be too odd.
Strasbourg is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and also the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. Furthermore it is the official seat of the European Parliament. Today the inner city of Strasbourg has about 276,170 inhabitants, while its metropolitan area has about 780,000 residents, making it the ninth largest metropolitan area in France. Strasbourg is located very close to the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace. This strategically important position as a borderland was responsible for both region and city being an apple of discord between France and Germany for many centuries.
But although Strasbourg was violently disputed throughout history, it has also always been a cultural bridge between France and Germany, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture.
The historic city centre of Strasbourg, the Grande Île (in English: "Grand Island") and thereby also the old quarter La Petite France with the Ponts Couverts as well as the famous Cathedral of Our Lady of Strasbourg, was classified a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO as early as 1988. It was the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. By the way, the cathedral is widely considered to be among the finest examples of high Gothic architecture.
Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. The historic core of Strasbourg however lies on the Grande Île in the river Ill, which here flows parallel to the Rhine. The natural courses of the two rivers eventually join some distance downstream of Strasbourg, although several artificial waterways now connect them within the city.
Strasbourg is one of the de facto capitals of the European Union (alongside Brussels and Luxembourg), as it is the seat of several European institutions, such as the Council of Europe (with its European Court of Human Rights, its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and its European Audiovisual Observatory) and the Eurocorps, as well as the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman of the European Union. The city is also the seat of the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights.
The Roman camp of Argentoratum, from which the city of Strasbourg grew, was first mentioned in 12 BC. Between 362 and 1262, Strasbourg was governed by the bishops of Strasbourg. In 1262, the citizens violently rebelled against the bishop's rule and Strasbourg became a free imperial city within the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation. In 1349, Strasbourg was the site of one of the worst pogroms of the Middle Ages, when over a thousand Jews were publicly burned to death. In the early 16th century the town was one of the first German cities to embrace the protestant, Lutheran faith. Because of this, it became a centre of humanistic learning and book printing. The first newspaper in Europe was printed in Strasbourg.
In 1681, the city was annexed by the French king Louis XIV, who took profit from the chaos following the Thirty Years' War in Germany. But France still kept treating the Alsace region as a de facto foreign province until the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789. The customs barrier alongside the Vosges mountains continued to exist while there still wasn’t any customs barrier between Germany and the Alsace region. Furthermore the town kept striking German coins until 1708. From 1770 to 1771, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe studied in Strasbourg. At this time the town was an important hub of the so-called "Sturm und Drang" movement in German literature.
In 1792, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle composed the Marseillaise in Strasbourg, the French national anthem, right after the French declaration of war against Austria. In the years 1805, 1806 and 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte sojourned in Strasbourg, together with his first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais. They used Palais Rohan as their domicile and Joséphine re-decorated several rooms according to her own taste and the fashion of the time.
After the Franco-Prussian War that lasted from 1870 to 1871, the city became German again, until 1918, when it reverted to France after the end of World War I. When France was defeated by Germany in 1940 in the course of World War II, the city and its still predominantly German-speaking population came under German control again. However, since the end of 1944, when Strasbourg was taken by Allied forces, it is again a French town. As a concession to the German-speaking section of the city’s residents, the street signs in Strasbourg are all bilingual.
Besides being one of the de facto capitals of the European Union, Strasbourg is an important economic centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail and river transportation. However, tourism also plays a major role in the town’s economy of today. Many tourists from all Europe, the US and Asia crowd Strasbourg’s streets at all seasons of the year, going sightseeing through this beautiful romantic historic city with its many old half-timbered houses.
Schuhhof (Courtyard of Shoes) in Quedlinburg in the Harz mountains, Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Germany.
Quedlinburg is a beautiful medieval town in the north of the Harz mountains. With its many half-timbered houses, the Quedlinburg castle (which later became a house of secular canonesses) and the Romanesque Collegiate Church of St. Servatius it is inscribed in the World Heritage List of the UNESCO.
----quotation from whc.unesco.org:----
Quedlinburg, in the Land of Sachsen-Anhalt, was a capital of the East Franconian German Empire at the time of the Saxonian-Ottonian ruling dynasty. It has been a prosperous trading town since the Middle Ages. The number and high quality of the timber-framed buildings make Quedlinburg an exceptional example of a medieval European town. The Collegiate Church of St Servatius is one of the masterpieces of Romanesque architecture. (...)
The importance of Quedlinburg rests on three main elements: the preservation of the medieval street pattern; the wealth of urban vernacular buildings, especially timber-framed houses of the 16th and 17th centuries, and the important Romanesque collegiate church of St Servatius. The original urban layout is remarkably well preserved: it is a classic example of the growth of European medieval towns. The history of the medieval and early modern town is perfectly illustrated by the street pattern of the present-day town. (...)
Situated in a hilly region to the north of the Harz Mountains, the villa Quitilingaburg is first mentioned in 922 in an official document of Henry I (the Fowler), who was elected German King in 919. He built a castle on what became known as the Castle Hill (Burgberg), one of the two sandstone hills that overlook the Harz valley, and this became one of his favourite residences. It became the capital of the East Franconian German Empire and was the place where many important political and religious assemblies and festivals took place. The town owes its wealth and importance during the Middle Ages to Henry I and his successors. German Kings are known to have stayed at Quedlinburg on 69 occasions between 922 and 1207.
On the death of Henry I in 936 his widow Mathilde remained in Quedlinburg at the collegiate church of St Servatius on the Castle Hill, founded by Henry's son and successor Otto I as a collegial establishment for unmarried daughters of the nobility. It was to become one of the most influential foundations of its type in the Holy Roman Empire. From 944 the abbesses (many of whom were members of the Imperial family and were buried in the crypt of the church) had the right to mint coins at Quedlinburg.
----end of quotation----
Harz weekend June 2012
Album Timbres / Sammelalbum
Chocolats Peter / Cailler's / Kohler / Nestlé's
> Nestlé / Fête des Vignerons 1905 Vevey
(Lausanne / Schweiz; Bilder von 1923-1929)
ex ephemera-collection MTP
Venice, Venedig, UNESCO-Welterbe, UNESCO, World Heritage, Welterbe, Weltkulturerbe, Kulturerbe, Cultural Heritage, Heritage, Urban, Tourism, Stadt, City
The balloon of Épernay grounded on Esplanade Charles de Gaulle in the town centre with the steeple of the church of Notre-Dame, Épernay, Grand Est (Champagne), France
Some background information:
In 1900, Eugène Mercier, the founder of the champagne house Mercier in Épernay, created his first captive balloon for the 1900 Paris Exposition, where he offered the visitors to get an overview of the exposition from above. At the same time, the balloon was a great tool to promote his champagne. Today’s balloon located right in the town centre of Épernay is just a revival of Mercier’s idea. During a balloon ride of ten minutes, visitors can soar 150 metres into the air and overlook the town as well as its surrounding vineyards.
The church Notre-Dame in Épernay is not as old as it looks like. The town’s first church named Notre-Dame was built between 1520 and 1550 in Renaissance style. Over time it fell into disrepair and partially collapsed in 1824. Between 1826 and 1833, it was restored, but collapsed again in 1892. Only St. Martin's Gate remained, which can be seen today in a square in the town. The municipality decided to build a new church Notre-Dame, while the old one was demolished in 1909.
The new building was designed by the architect Paul Selmersheim, who was inspired by the Gothic church in Braine on the river Aisne. Construction began in 1898, stopped in 1905, and finally resumed from 1910 to 1915. During the German offensive in July 1918, shells caused part of the vault to collapse and damaged the façade. Repairs were carried out from 1922 to 1925.
From 1915 onwards, the building was enriched with the Renaissance stained glass windows of the old church. After they had also been damaged by the bombing of 1918, their remains were stored at the glass painter Soccard in Paris. However, his workshop caught fire, further reducing the stained glass. Today, the original stained glass windows can still be seen in the choir and the apsidal chapels.
The town of Épernay is located in the French Grand Est region, about 130 km (81 miles) north-east of Paris on the mainline railway to Strasbourg. It has more than 22,300 residents. The town sits on the left bank of the Marne at the extremity of the Cubry valley which crosses it. Épernay belonged to the archbishops of Reims from the 5th until the 10th century, when it came into the possession of the counts of Champagne. It was badly damaged during the Hundred Years' War, and was burned by King Francis I in 1544. In 1592, it resisted Henry of Navarre and his troops. In 1642 it was, along with Château-Thierry, named as a duchy and assigned to the Duke of Bouillon.
Épernay is best known as the principal "entrepôt" for champagne wines, which are bottled and kept in large cellars built into the chalk rock on which the town is built. The major grape varieties used in champagne are the pinot noir, pinot meunier and chardonnay. But the production of the equipment and raw materials used in the champagne industry is also a major source of local employment.
Many larger and smaller champagne houses have their headquarters in Épernay. That’s why the town is often named "the capital of champagne". A lot of them reside in noble mansions or villas alongside Epernay’s Avenue de Champagne, which is hence often called "the most valueable street of the world". The cellars of these champagne houses are right beneath the street and the champagne houses by its side.
Merely the cellar tunnels of Moët & Chandon have a total length of 110 km (68 miles). Hence, one can imagine that the chalky soil, on which Épernay is built, is hollowed like Emmentaler cheese. Apart from famous Moët & Chandon with its likewise famous second brand Dom Perignon, champagne houses in Épernay include Mercier, De Castellane, Boizel, Charles Mignon, Château Comtesse Lafond, A. Bergère, Pol Roger, Collard-Picard, Janisson-Baradon, Esterlin and Perrier-Jouet, to name just a few.
In 2015, the whole Champagne area was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was named "Champagne Hillsides, Houses and Cellars" and was admitted into the World Heritage List for being the site, where the method of producing sparkling wines was developed.
The Royal Crescent, viewed from Royal Victoria Park, Bath, Somerset
Some background information:
The Royal Crescent is a street of 30 terraced houses laid out in a sweeping crescent in the city of Bath. Designed by the architect John Wood the Younger and built between 1767 and 1774, it is among the greatest examples of Georgian architecture to be found in the United Kingdom. That’s why it is also a Grade I listed building. Although some changes have been made to the various interiors over the years, the Georgian stone facade remains much as it was when it was first built.
Many notable people have either lived or stayed in the Royal Crescent since it was first built over 230 years ago, and some are commemorated on special plaques attached to the relevant buildings. Today the Royal Crescent includes a hotel and a Georgian house museum, while some of the houses have been converted into flats and offices. It is a popular location for the makers of films and television programmes, and a major tourist attraction in its own right.
John Wood designed the great curved façade with Ionic columns on a rusticated ground floor. The 114 columns are 76 cm (30 inches) in diameter reaching 14.3 m (47 feet), each with an entablature 1.5 m (5 feet) deep. The central house (now the Royal Crescent Hotel) boasts two sets of coupled columns.
Each original purchaser bought a length of the facade, and then employed his own architect to build a house behind the façade to his own specifications. Hence what can appear to be two houses is occasionally just one. This system of town planning is betrayed at the rear and can be seen from the road behind the Crescent: While the front is uniform and symmetrical, the rear is a mixture of differing roof heights, juxtapositions and fenestration. This kin d of architecture, described as "Queen Anne fronts and Mary-Anne backs", occurs repeatedly in Bath.
In front of the Royal Crescent is a ha-ha, a ditch on which the inner side is vertical and faced with stone, with the outer face sloped and turfed, making an effective but invisible partition between the lower and upper lawns. The ha-ha is designed so as not to interrupt the view from Royal Victoria Park, and to be invisible until seen from close by. It is not known whether it was contemporary with the building of the Royal Crescent, however it is known that when it was first created, it was deeper than it is at present. The railings between the crescent and the lawn are included in the Heritage at Risk Register produced by English Heritage and were restored in 2011.
Among the TV productions and films which were shot at the Royal Crescent are a TV edition of Jane Austen's "Persuasion" from 2007 and the film "The Dutchess" from 2008, starring Keira Knightley.
The Royal Crescent is located in the centre of the city of Bath, UNESCO World Heritage Site largely because of its complete Georgian architecture.
With its roughly 84,000 residents Bath is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in South West England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 13 miles (21 km) south-east of Bristol.
The city was first established as a spa with the Latin name "Aquae Sulis" by the Romans around 60 AD, about 20 years after they had arrived in Britain. But archaeological evidence shows that the site of the Roman Baths' main spring was already treated as a shrine by the Iron Age Britons long before the Romans arrived.
In the Elizabethan era the baths were improved and the city began to attract the aristocracy. In 1590 Bath was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth I. During the Stuart period several areas of the city underwent development, and this increased during Georgian times in response to the increasing number of visitors to the spa and resort town who required accommodation. The architects John Wood the elder and his son John Wood the younger laid out the new quarters in streets and squares, the identical facades of which gave an impression of palatial scale and classical decorum. Throughout the whole city the creamy gold and rather expensive Bath Stone was used for construction.
In 1987 the City of Bath was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It has a variety of theatres, museums, and other cultural and sporting venues, which have helped to make it a major centre for tourism, with over one million staying visitors and 3.8 million day visitors to the city each year. Bath has two universities and several schools and colleges. There is a large service sector, growing communication technologies and creative industries, providing employment for the population of Bath and its surrounding area.
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For the monks, the forge was the only means to earn some money. Meat was very rare in the monks' diet and thus fish were bred in the pond next to the forge.
The Abbey of Fontenay is a former Cistercian abbey located near the villiage Marmagne in the Arrondissement Montbard (Département of Côte-d'Or). It was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1118 and built in the Romanesque style. It is one of the oldest and most complete Cistercian abbeys in Europe and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981.
The Bode-Museum is one of five major museums on Berlin's Museum Island; together, they are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was built from 1898 to 1904 in a Baroque revival style.
Scan of an analog photo taken in June 2004
Auf einem Pfeiler seitlich der Karlsbrücke steht die Figur des sagenhaften Ritters Bruncvik.Laut der Legende zog er (der dem Namen nach wohl aus dem deutschen Braunschweig stammte) in die Welt, um einen lebenden Löwen für sein Wappen zu finden. Er trug auf der Reise ein Zauberschwert mit sich, das in der Lage war, Feinde aus eigener Kraft zu enthaupten. Das Schwert wurde angeblich in die Karlsbrücke eingemauert.
Kloster Sanahin ist ein Kloster der Armenischen Apostolischen Kirche, das 966 gegründet wurde. Das Kloster wird UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe gelistet. Im Zentrum des Komplexes liegt das größte Bauwerk, die Erlöserkirche. Ältestes Gebäude ist die nördlich anschließende Muttergotteskirche aus dem zweiten Viertel des 10. Jahrhunderts. 1063 wurde auf dem Gelände eine Bibliothek errichtet.
Clock Tower and Church of Our Lady before Týn, Prague, Czech Republic
Some background information:
The Gothic Church of Our Lady before Týn was built in 1365 on the site of an earlier Romanesque church. Its magnificent multiple steeples are 80m high and dominate the square. Between the early 15th century and the year of 1620 it was the main Hussite church in Prague.
The Clock Tower, which is 69.5 metres high, is the dominant part of Prague’s Old Town Hall and offers a great view of the city. It was established in 1338 after the agreement of King John of Luxemburg to set up a town council. Several old houses had to be knocked down over the centuries as the Old Town Hall expanded. A Gothic chapel and a neo-Gothic north wing were destroyed by German Wehrmacht in spring 1945. Later the chapel has been reconstructed. The most popular part of the tower is the Town Hall Clock at its base. Originally instaled in 1410, the clock was rebuilt in 1490. It consists of three parts: the procession of the twelve apostles, the astronomical clock and the calendar.
Prague itself is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It’s also known as the "City of a Hundred Spires" as well as the "Golden City". It’s home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 1.9 million.
Situated on the Vltava River in central Bohemia, Prague has been the political, cultural and economic centre of the Czech state for more than 1.100 years. For many decades during the Gothic and Renaissance eras Prague was the permanent seat of two Holy Roman Emperors and thus was also the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
Since 1992 the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites, making the city one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe, which receives more than 4.1 million international visitors annually, as of 2009.
Soviet ornament with five-pointed star at the parabet of Palace Bridge that crosses the River Neva, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Some background information:
Palace Bridge, a road- and foot-traffic bascule bridge, spans the Neva River between Palace Square and Vasilievsky Island. Like every other Neva bridge (except for Big Obukhovsky Bridge), it is drawn by night, making foot travel between various parts of the city virtually impossible. The total length of Palace Bridge is 260.1 metres (about 853 feet), while its width is 27.8 metres (about 91 feet). It is actually composed of five spans, the southernmost joining Palace Embankment between the Winter Palace and the Admiralty and leading to Palace Square.
After Emperor Nicholas I lifted Peter the Great's prohibition to construct bridges across the Neva, a temporary pontoon bridge was set up about 50 metres downstream from the current structure. Palace Bridge was built by the French firm Société de Construction des Batignolles between 1912 and 1916. Construction of the cast-iron bridge was started in 1912 to designs by Andrey Pshenitsky, but the work was delayed by World War I and the bridge was not opened to the public until 23rd December 1916.
The history leading up to the construction of this bridge was tortuous with 54 proposed designs rejected between 1901 and 1911. The design was subject to strict controls so as to prevent the bridge from obstructing the view from Palace Embankment towards Kunstkammer, the imperial academy of arts, and other structures on Vasilievsky Island.
During the October Revolution of 1917, the bridge was singled out as one of the principal sites to be occupied by the insurrectionists in order to control the city, it was taken without any fighting. A year after its inauguration, the bridge was renamed Republican Bridge, but the original name was restored in 1944. Various improvements and embellishments of the structure continued well into the Soviet times. In 1967, the bridge was repaired. Its tramway tracks were removed in 1998.
The engine which opens up 700 ton of each bridge flights consists of motors, huge gears (some of which are still the original ones) and thousand-ton counterweights. The mechanism works reliably, but sometimes small incidents occur. For instance, in October 2002 one of the gear teeth broke off. Consequently the drawing was halted in the middle, and the ship passage was delayed.
Saint Petersburg (in Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with currently 5.3 million inhabitants, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015). An important Russian port on the Baltic Sea, it has a status of a federal city. Saint Petersburg is also the fourth-largest city in Europe, only excelled by Istanbul, London and Moscow. Other famous European cities like Paris, Berlin, Rome and Madrid are smaller. Furthermore, Saint Petersburg is the world’s northernmost megapolis and called "The Venice of the North", due to its many channels that traverse the city.
Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27th May 1703. On 1st September 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, on 26 January 1924 to Leningrad, and on 7 September 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 1713 and 1728 and again between 1732 and 1918, Saint Petersburg was the capital of Imperial Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow, which is located about 625 kilometres (388 miles) to the south-east.
Saint Petersburg is also the cultural capital of Russia. Today, the city is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list as an area with 36 historical architectural complexes and around 4000 outstanding individual monuments of architecture, history and culture. It has 221 museums, 2,000 libraries, more than 80 theaters, 100 concert organizations, 45 galleries and exhibition halls, 62 cinemas and around 80 other cultural establishments. Saint Petersburg is home to the Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world.
Every year the city hosts around 100 festivals and various competitions of art and culture, including more than 50 international ones. In 2017, the city was visited by 7.2 million tourists and it is expected that in the years ahead the number of tourists will still be on the rise. Furthermore, many foreign consulates, international corporations, banks and businesses have offices in Saint Petersburg. The multinational Gazprom company has its headquarters in the newly erected Lakhta Center.
Kloster Sanahin ist ein Kloster der Armenischen Apostolischen Kirche, das 966 gegründet wurde. Das Kloster wird UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe gelistet. Im Zentrum des Komplexes liegt das größte Bauwerk, die Erlöserkirche. Ältestes Gebäude ist die nördlich anschließende Muttergotteskirche aus dem zweiten Viertel des 10. Jahrhunderts. 1063 wurde auf dem Gelände eine Bibliothek errichtet.
Little harbour of the fishing village of Riomaggiore, part of the Cinque Terre, at the Riviera di Levante, Liguria, Italy
Some background information:
Riomaggiore is a picturesque village and comune in the province of La Spezia, situated in a small valley in the Liguria region of Italy. It is the first and southernmost of the five Cinque Terre villages one meets when travelling north from the harbour city of La Spezia. The commune of Riomaggiore has more than 1,500 residents and a train station at the Genoa-Pisa railway.
The village, dating from the early thirteenth century, is known for its historic character and its wine, produced by the town's vineyards. Riomaggiore is in the Riviera di Levante region and has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea's Gulf of Genoa, with a small beach and a wharf framed by tower houses. Riomaggiore's main street is Via Colombo, where numerous restaurants, bars, and shops can be found.
The villages of Riomaggiore and Manarola are connected with each other by a trail along the coastline, the so-called Via dell'Amore (in English "Trail of Love"). The trail's name was inspired by the fact that it provided an easy connection for young lovers who lived in the two small towns, and who were previously separated by the mountainous terrain. In 2012, a rockslide injured four tourists and caused the trail to be shut down for repairs. Until the date we were there, it still hadn’t been completely re-opened, although it is one of the most important tourist attractions in the area and is an integral part of the Cinque Terre National Park.
The Cinque Terre (in English "Five Lands") is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is located in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy and comprises the five villages of Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore (from north to south), that are situated at the coastline and nestled to the coastal rocks. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park. Together with the nearby more southerly situated harbour town of Porto Venere, the five villages were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. In its explanation the UNESCO described the Cinque Terre as a "particularly scenic coastal area with small towns built among the steep rugged terrain". Not just since then the Cinque Terre area is a very popular tourist destination.
Over the centuries, people have carefully built terraces on the rugged, steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the sea. Part of its charm is the lack of visible corporate development. Paths, trains and boats connect the villages, and cars cannot reach them from the outside.
The first historical documents on Cinque Terre date back to the 11th century. Monterosso and Vernazza sprang up first, while the other villages grew later, under military and political supremacy of the Republic of Genoa. In the 16th century, to oppose the attacks of Turk forces, the inhabitants reinforced the old forts and built new defense towers. From the year 1600, Cinque Terre experienced a decline which reversed only in the 19th century, thanks to the construction of the Military Arsenal of La Spezia and the building of the railway line between Genoa and La Spezia. The railway allowed the inhabitants to escape their isolation, but also brought about abandonment of traditional activities. The consequence was an increase in poverty which pushed many to emigrate abroad, at least up to the 1970s, when the development of tourism brought back wealth.
In all five villages fishing always contributed to the sustenance of the residents, but only in Monterosso al Mare, fishing was used as the village’s main industry. In the other four villages the locals mainly lived off vineyards and olive cultivation Hence, the mountainsides of the Cinque Terre are heavily terraced and are used to cultivate grapes, olives, citrus fruits and cactus pears.
Given its location on the Mediterranean Sea, seafood is plentiful in the local cuisine. Anchovies of Monterosso are a local specialty designated with a Protected Designation of Origin status from the European Union. The Cinque Terre area, and the region of Liguria, as a whole, is known for pesto, a sauce made from basil leaves, garlic, salt, olive oil, pine nuts and pecorino cheese. And Focaccia is a particularly common locally baked bread product. Finally, Farinata, a typical snack found in bakeries and pizzerias, is a savoury and crunchy pancake made from a base of chick pea flour.
The grapes of the Cinque Terre are used to produce two locally made wines. The eponymous Cinque Terre and the Sciachetrà are both made using Bosco, Albarola, and Vermentino grapes. In addition to wines, other popular local drinks include grappa, a brandy made with the pomace left from winemaking, and limoncello, a sweet liqueur flavored with lemons.
Visiting Naumburg Cathedral (Naumburger Dom), UNESCO World Heritage site since 2018 (ref. 1470).
Margrave Ekkehard II. von Meissen
*~985, +1046-01-24
Margravine Uta von Meissen (*Uta von Ballenstedt)
*~1000, +1046-10-23
they got married in 1026
Die nördliche Statue der Memnonkolosse. Zu sehen auch am linken Bein die Figur der Mutter des Pharaos Amenophis III., Mutemwia.
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Trier: Porta Nigra
UNESCO-Welterbe [World Heritage Site]
Römisches Baudenkmal
Bearbeitung: Jürgen Krall Photography
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Bild Nr.: 131_3500
A visit to Cologne and its outstanding architectural points of interest.
background:
Cologne Cathedral ("Kölner Dom" or simply "Dom") is one of the largest churches on the planet. Construction started in 1248 on top of the remains of the former cathedral and several other buildings. The place had been occupied by Christian churches from the 4th century onwards. It took until 1880 to finish it completely. However, continuous repairs and replacements of fragile parts are necessary to keep it intact.
It stands 157.22m (515.81ft) tall
Cologne Cathedral was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996 (ref. 0292).
foreground:
Gross St. Martin was built on top of remains of Roman buildings which date back to the first century. A first church - part of a Benedictinian monastery - was existing in the 10th century, some records make an earlier church possible but there's no definite proof. After a devastating fire in 1150, the existing church was built and consecrated in 1172. Gross St. Martin is one of the twelve large romanic churches ("Colonia Romanica").
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck
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Unfortunately on my visit in 2005 it was quite impossible to take any good photos with an analog camera within this dimly lit but nevertheless very stunning villa which once belonged to Poppea, the wife of Emperor Nero. A good photo docmentation is available on the Spanish Wikipedia entry of Villa Poppea.
Roof of the western pseudo transept of St. Marienkirche (St. Mary's Church),
Hanseatic Town of Stralsund, district of Vorpommern-Rügen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Germany.
St. Marienkirche is a late gothic church which was built in the Northern German Brick Gothic style. The 104 m high tower is open for the public and offers a great view of Stralsund and its surroundings, including Strelasund sound and the island Rügen.
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The town of Stralsund lies in Northeast Germany in the region of Western Pomerania in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
...
The town lies on the sound of Strelasund, a strait of the Baltic Sea. Its geographic proximity to the island of Rügen, whose only fixed link to the mainland, the Strelasund Crossing, runs between Stralsund and the village of Altefähr, has given Stralsund the sobriquet "Gateway to the Island of Rügen" (Tor zur Insel Rügen). Stralsund lies close to the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park.
A municipal forest and three municipal ponds (the Knieperteich, Frankenteich and Moorteich) belong to the Stralsund's town borough . The three ponds and the Strelasund lend the Old Town, the original settlement site and historic centre of the town, a protected island location.
...
The centre of Stralsund has a wealth of historic buildings. Since 1990, large parts of the historic old town have been renovated with private and public capital, and with the support of foundations. As a result of the contempt for historic buildings in East Germany many houses were threatened by ruin. The Old Town in particular, offers a rich variety of historic buildings, with many former merchants' houses, churches, streets and squares. Of more than 800 listed buildings in Stralsund, more than 500 are designated as individual monuments in the Old Town. In twenty years, from the Wende in 1990 to November 2010, 588 of the more than 1,000 old buildings were completely refurbished, including 363 individual monuments. Because of its historical and architectural significance, in 2002 Stralsund's old town together with the old town of Wismar were added to entitled the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list as the "Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar".
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----quotation from whc.unesco.org:----
The medieval towns of Wismar and Stralsund, on the Baltic coast of northern Germany, were major trading centres of the Hanseatic League in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 17th and 18th centuries they became Swedish administrative and defensive centres for the German territories. They contributed to the development of the characteristic building types and techniques of Brick Gothic in the Baltic region, as exemplified in several important brick cathedrals, the Town Hall of Stralsund, and the series of houses for residential, commercial and crafts use, representing its evolution over several centuries.
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Stralsund short trip October 2012
In der Pfeilerhalle des Taltempels der Chephren-Pyramide. Die 16 Pfeiler bestehen aus Granitmonolithen. Der Taltempel liegt unmittelbar neben dem Sphinx-Tempel am ehemaligen, antiken Hafenkai des Pyramidenbezirks von Chephren.
Album Timbres / Sammelalbum
Chocolats Peter / Cailler's / Kohler / Nestlé's
> Nestlé / Fête des Vignerons 1905 Vevey
(Lausanne / Schweiz; Bilder von 1923-1929)
ex ephemera-collection MTP
Eine der wenigen erhaltenen Statuen der Osirispfeiler im ersten Tempelhof an der Nordwwestseite des zweiten Pylonen im Totentempel des Ramses III. in der Tempelanlage von Medinet Habu.
Im zweiten Hof, der Sonnenhof des Amenophis III. im Luxor-Tempels, mit Papyrusbündelsäulen mit geschlossenen Doldenkapitell.