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Afrika, Ghana, 2011, Zelfs in de meest afgelegen dorpen van Ghana heeft de bevolking een mobiele telefoon. 80% van de Ghanezen heeft een mobieltje. Een vast telefoonnet bestaat alleen in de stedelijke gebieden. De mobiele telefoon is niet meer weg te denken uit het dagelijkse leven. Hij wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt om familie in afgelegen gebieden te bereiken. Vodafone en MTN strijden om de hegemonie. Kleinere partijen zoals Tigo, Airtel, GLO en Zain vechten voor hun aandeel in de markt middles mega billboards en verkooppunten tot in de sloppenwijken in de hoofdstad Accra. MTN maakte in 2009 een omzet van 530 miljoen euro. Het in Zuid-Afrika gevestigde bedrijf heeft een huidige marktwaarde die gelijk staat aan twee keer keer het Bruto Nationaal Product van Ghana. Het prepaid principe maakt telefonie toegankelijk voor de allerarmsten. In 2011 was het minimaal te besteden prepaidbedrag omgerekend 3,5 eurocent in een land waar het gemiddelde dagloon één euro bedraagt. Voorbereidingen van de providers zijn in volle gang om ook het betalingsverkeer via de mobiele telefoon te laten verlopen. Met de komst van de mobiele telefoon is een groot deel van de bevolking officieus in kaart gebracht.
Africa, Ghana, 2011, Even in the most remote villages of Ghana, the population has a mobile phone. 80% of Ghanaians have a cell phone. A fixed line exists only in the urban areas. The mobile phone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It’s used primarily to reach family in remote areas. Vodafone and MTN battle for supremacy. Smaller parties such as Tigo, Airtel, GLO and Zain are fighting for their share of the market using mega billboards and shops right down to the slums in the capital of Accra. In 2009, MTN made a turnover of 530 million euros. The South African based company has a current market value equal to twice the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana. Prepaid phones have made telephony accessible to even the poorest. In 2011, the minimum prepaid amount to spend was 3.5 eurocents in a country where the average daily wage is one euro. Preparations of the providers are under way to introduce bank payments via mobile phone. Due to the registration of mobile phones a large proportion of the population has been mapped.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, selbst in den entlegensten Dörfern von Ghana, hat die Bevölkerung ein Mobiltelefon. 80% der Ghanaer hat ein Handy. Ein Festnetzanschluss existiert nur in den städtischen Gebieten. Das Mobiltelefon ist zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des täglichen Lebens. Es wird in erster Linie gebraucht um den Familien in abgelegenen Gebieten zu erreichen. Vodafone und MTN kämpfen um die Vorherrschaft. Kleinere Parteien wie Tigo, Airtel, GLO und Zain kämpfen für ihren Anteil an dem Markt middles mega Plakatwänden und Shops in den Slums in der Hauptstadt Accra. MTN hat im Jahr 2009 einen Umsatz von €530.000.000. Die südafrikanische Unternehmen hat aktuell ein Marktwert in Höhe von zweimal mal das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Ghana. Prepaid-Telefonie ist jetzt erreichbar zu den ärmsten. Im Jahr 2011, war die Minimumausgabe zu Prepaid-Betrag 3,5 Eurocent in einem Land, wo der durchschnittliche Tageslohn €1 ist. Die Vorbereitungen der Anbieter sind im Gange, um Bankzahlungen per Handy problemlos aufzunehmen. Durch das Aufkommen des Handys ist einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung inoffiziell registriert wurden.
Voronezh is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
History
The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan.
For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronezh in Ukraine). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.
The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi, Varna, Verona, Brno, etc.
A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus.
In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol.
Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (ворон) and hedgehog (еж) into Воронеж. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.
In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The city was named after the river.
17th to 19th centuries
In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line, Goto Predestinatsia. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh, was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate, which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate.
In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet, and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.
20th century
World War II
During World War II, Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad, and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev, and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
Until January 25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn, the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.
Post-war
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School, a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.
In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86, was built there.
In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".
21st century
From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development.
On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.
Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region. As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination.
In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion, forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself.
Administrative and municipal status
Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.
City divisions
The city is divided into six administrative districts:
Zheleznodorozhny (183,17 km²)
Tsentralny (63,96 km²)
Kominternovsky (47,41 km²)
Leninsky (18,53 km²)
Sovetsky (156,6 km²)
Levoberezhny (123,89 km²)
Economy
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering, metalworking, the electronics industry and the food industry.
In the city are such companies as:
Tupolev Tu-144
Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
Sozvezdie[36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories),
Voronezh Mechanical Plant[37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH[38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:.
Pirelli Voronezh.
On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.
Construction
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.
Clusters of Voronezh
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.
Geography
Urban layout
Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement (ostrog). In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower.
Climate
Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
Transportation
Air
The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport, which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport, a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo, Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers.[citation needed]
Rail
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.
Bus
There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, and Astrakhan.
Education and culture
Aviastroiteley Park
The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:
Voronezh State University
Voronezh State Technical University
Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
Voronezh State Pedagogical University
Voronezh State Agricultural University
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Voronezh State Academy of Arts
Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
Russian State University of Justice
Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
International Institute of Computer Technologies
Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law
and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.
Theaters
Voronezh Chamber Theatre
Koltsov Academic Drama Theater
Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre
Shut Puppet Theater
Festivals
Platonov International Arts Festival
Sports
ClubSportFoundedCurrent LeagueLeague
RankStadium
Fakel VoronezhFootball1947Russian Premier League1stTsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion
Energy VoronezhFootball1989Women's Premier League1stRudgormash Stadium
Buran VoronezhIce Hockey1977Higher Hockey League2ndYubileyny Sports Palace
VC VoronezhVolleyball2006Women's Higher Volleyball League A2ndKristall Sports Complex
Religion
Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh
Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh.[citation needed] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.
In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.
Cemeteries
There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:
Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
Lesnoye Cemetery
Jewish Cemetery
Nikolskoye Cemetery
Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
Podgorenskоye Cemetery
Kominternovskoe Cemetery
Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.
Born in Voronezh
18th century
Yevgeny Bolkhovitinov (1767–1837), Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia
Mikhail Pavlov (1792–1840), Russian academic and professor at Moscow University
19th century
1801–1850
Aleksey Koltsov (1809–1842), Russian poet
Ivan Nikitin (1824–1861), Russian poet
Nikolai Ge (1831–1894), Russian realist painter famous for his works on historical and religious motifs
Vasily Sleptsov (1836–1878), Russian writer and social reformer
Nikolay Kashkin (1839–1920), Russian music critic
1851–1900
Valentin Zhukovski (1858–1918), Russian orientalist
Vasily Goncharov (1861–1915), Russian film director and screenwriter, one of the pioneers of the film industry in the Russian Empire
Anastasiya Verbitskaya (1861–1928), Russian novelist, playwright, screenplay writer, publisher and feminist
Mikhail Olminsky (1863–1933), Russian Communist
Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), French surgeon of Russian extraction
Andrei Shingarev (1869–1918), Russian doctor, publicist and politician
Ivan Bunin (1870–1953), the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature
Alexander Ostuzhev (1874–1953), Russian and Soviet drama actor
Valerian Albanov (1881–1919), Russian navigator and polar explorer
Jan Hambourg (1882–1947), Russian violinist, a member of a famous musical family
Volin (1882–1945), anarchist
Boris Hambourg (1885–1954), Russian cellist who made his career in the USA, Canada, England and Europe
Boris Eikhenbaum (1886–1959), Russian and Soviet literary scholar, and historian of Russian literature
Anatoly Durov (1887–1928), Russian animal trainer
Samuil Marshak (1887–1964), Russian and Soviet writer, translator and children's poet
Eduard Shpolsky (1892–1975), Russian and Soviet physicist and educator
George of Syracuse (1893–1981), Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Yevgeny Gabrilovich (1899–1993), Soviet screenwriter
Semyon Krivoshein (1899–1978), Soviet tank commander; Lieutenant General
Andrei Platonov (1899–1951), Soviet Russian writer, playwright and poet
Ivan Pravov (1899–1971), Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter
William Dameshek (1900–1969), American hematologist
20th century
1901–1930
Ivan Nikolaev (1901–1979), Soviet architect and educator
Galina Shubina (1902–1980), Russian poster and graphics artist
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934
Yakov Kreizer (1905–1969), Soviet field commander, General of the army and Hero of the Soviet Union
Iosif Rudakovsky (1914–1947), Soviet chess master
Pawel Kassatkin (1915–1987), Russian writer
Alexander Shelepin (1918–1994), Soviet state security officer and party statesman
Grigory Baklanov (1923–2009), Russian writer
Gleb Strizhenov (1923–1985), Soviet actor
Vladimir Zagorovsky (1925–1994), Russian chess grandmaster of correspondence chess and the fourth ICCF World Champion between 1962 and 1965
Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009), cosmonaut and engineer
Vitaly Vorotnikov (1926–2012), Soviet statesman
Arkady Davidowitz (1930), writer and aphorist
1931–1950
Grigory Sanakoev (1935), Russian International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster, most famous for being the twelfth ICCF World Champion (1984–1991)
Yuri Zhuravlyov (1935), Russian mathematician
Mykola Koltsov (1936–2011), Soviet footballer and Ukrainian football children and youth trainer
Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov (1936), Russian composer
Iya Savvina (1936–2011), Soviet film actress
Tamara Zamotaylova (1939), Soviet gymnast, who won four Olympic medals at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
Yury Smolyakov (1941), Soviet Olympic fencer
Yevgeny Lapinsky (1942–1999), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Galina Bukharina (1945), Soviet athlete
Vladimir Patkin (1945), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Vladimir Proskurin (1945), Soviet Russian football player and coach
Aleksandr Maleyev (1947), Soviet artistic gymnast
Valeri Nenenko (1950), Russian professional football coach and player
1951–1970
Vladimir Rokhlin, Jr. (1952), Russian-American mathematician and professor of computer science and mathematics at the Yale University
Lyubov Burda (1953), Russian artistic gymnast
Mikhail Khryukin (1955), Russian swimmer
Aleksandr Tkachyov (1957), Russian gymnast and two times Olympic Champion
Nikolai Vasilyev (1957), Russian professional football coach and player
Aleksandr Babanov (1958), Russian professional football coach and player
Sergey Koliukh (1960), Russian political figure; 4th Mayor of Voronezh
Yelena Davydova (1961), Soviet gymnast
Aleksandr Borodyuk (1962), Russian football manager and former international player for USSR and Russia
Aleksandr Chayev (1962), Russian swimmer
Elena Fanailova (1962), Russian poet
Alexander Litvinenko (1962–2006), officer of the Russian FSB and political dissident
Yuri Shishkin (1963), Russian professional football coach and player
Yuri Klinskikh (1964–2000), Russian musician, singer, songwriter, arranger, founder rock band Sektor Gaza
Yelena Ruzina (1964), athlete
Igor Bragin (1965), footballer
Gennadi Remezov (1965), Russian professional footballer
Valeri Shmarov (1965), Russian football player and coach
Konstantin Chernyshov (1967), Russian chess grandmaster
Igor Pyvin (1967), Russian professional football coach and player
Vladimir Bobrezhov (1968), Soviet sprint canoer
1971–1980
Oleg Gorobiy (1971), Russian sprint canoer
Anatoli Kanishchev (1971), Russian professional association footballer
Ruslan Mashchenko (1971), Russian hurdler
Aleksandr Ovsyannikov (1974), Russian professional footballer
Dmitri Sautin (1974), Russian diver who has won more medals than any other Olympic diver
Sergey Verlin (1974), Russian sprint canoer
Maxim Narozhnyy (1975–2011), Paralympian athlete
Aleksandr Cherkes (1976), Russian football coach and player
Andrei Durov (1977), Russian professional footballer
Nikolai Kryukov (1978), Russian artistic gymnast
Kirill Gerstein (1979), Jewish American and Russian pianist
Evgeny Ignatov (1979), Russian sprint canoeist
Aleksey Nikolaev (1979), Russian-Uzbekistan footballer
Aleksandr Palchikov (1979), former Russian professional football player
Konstantin Skrylnikov (1979), Russian professional footballer
Aleksandr Varlamov (1979), Russian diver
Angelina Yushkova (1979), Russian gymnast
Maksim Potapov (1980), professional ice hockey player
1981–1990
Alexander Krysanov (1981), Russian professional ice hockey forward
Yulia Nachalova (1981–2019), Soviet and Russian singer, actress and television presenter
Andrei Ryabykh (1982), Russian football player
Maxim Shchyogolev (1982), Russian theatre and film actor
Eduard Vorganov (1982), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Anton Buslov (1983–2014), Russian astrophysicist, blogger, columnist at The New Times magazine and expert on transportation systems
Dmitri Grachyov (1983), Russian footballer
Aleksandr Kokorev (1984), Russian professional football player
Dmitry Kozonchuk (1984), Russian professional road bicycle racer for Team Katusha
Alexander Khatuntsev (1985), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Egor Vyaltsev (1985), Russian professional basketball player
Samvel Aslanyan (1986), Russian handball player
Maksim Chistyakov (1986), Russian football player
Yevgeniy Dorokhin (1986), Russian sprint canoer
Daniil Gridnev (1986), Russian professional footballer
Vladimir Moskalyov (1986), Russian football referee
Elena Danilova (1987), Russian football forward
Sektor Gaza (1987–2000), punk band
Regina Moroz (1987), Russian female volleyball player
Roman Shishkin (1987), Russian footballer
Viktor Stroyev (1987), Russian footballer
Elena Terekhova (1987), Russian international footballer
Natalia Goncharova (1988), Russian diver
Yelena Yudina (1988), Russian skeleton racer
Dmitry Abakumov (1989), Russian professional association football player
Igor Boev (1989), Russian professional racing cyclist
Ivan Dobronravov (1989), Russian actor
Anna Bogomazova (1990), Russian kickboxer, martial artist, professional wrestler and valet
Yuriy Kunakov (1990), Russian diver
Vitaly Melnikov (1990), Russian backstroke swimmer
Kristina Pravdina (1990), Russian female artistic gymnast
Vladislav Ryzhkov (1990), Russian footballer
1991–2000
Danila Poperechny (1994), Russian stand-up comedian, actor, youtuber, podcaster
Darya Stukalova (1994), Russian Paralympic swimmer
Viktoria Komova (1995), Russian Olympic gymnast
Vitali Lystsov (1995), Russian professional footballer
Marina Nekrasova (1995), Russian-born Azerbaijani artistic gymnast
Vladislav Parshikov (1996), Russian football player
Dmitri Skopintsev (1997), Russian footballer
Alexander Eickholtz (1998) American sportsman
Angelina Melnikova (2000), Russian Olympic gymnast
Lived in Voronezh
Aleksey Khovansky (1814–1899), editor
Ivan Kramskoi (1837–1887), Russian painter and art critic
Mitrofan Pyatnitsky (1864–1927), Russian musician
Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russian botanist
Alexander Kuprin (1880–1960), Russian painter, a member of the Jack of Diamonds group
Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937), Russian writer, went to school in Voronezh
Osip Mandelstam (1891–1938), Russian poet
Nadezhda Mandelstam (1899-1980), Russian writer
Gavriil Troyepolsky (1905–1995), Soviet writer
Nikolay Basov (1922–2001), Soviet physicist and educator
Vasily Peskov (1930–2013), Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveller and ecologist
Valentina Popova (1972), Russian weightlifter
Igor Samsonov, painter
Tatyana Zrazhevskaya, Russian boxer
Radio Kootwijk arose as a result of the building of a shortwave transmitter site with the same name, starting in 1918. The transmitters played an important role in the 20th century as a communication facility between the Netherlands and its then colony of Dutch East Indies. In 1923 Dutch PTT started trans-oceanic telegraphy using a longwave transmitter (a 400KW high frequency alternator) from the German Telefunken company under the callsign PCG, in the 24 kHz and 48 kHz. By 1925 the longwave transmitter was changed by a shortwave tube based, electronic transmitter which had a much better performance due to the better propagation of shortwaves. With this new technology, in 1928 a radio-telephonic connection was established. At the end of World War II, the German occupying forces blew up the transmitter. Afterward some of the radio towers were rebuilt.[1]
Due to the development of new technologies like satellite communication, Radio Kootwijk lost its position as main overseas wireless connection point of the Netherlands. In 1980, the last transmission mast was blown up. In 2004 the park lost its last transmitter functions, and was transferred from the KPN company (successor to PTT) to the State Forestry Commission, which started attracting new buyers. The main building of the former transmitter park, designed by Dutch architect Julius Maria Luthmann and named 'Building A', 'The Cathedral' or sometimes 'The Sphynx', was officially appointed as a monument. It is used as venue and scenery for several cultural events and productions, including the American film Mindhunters in 2004.
Supanet SIP Gateways. What is a SIP (VoIP) Gateway? As deployments of voice over IP (VoIP) networks continue at a rapid pace, network professionals need to understand the real-world implementation issues surrounding voice (SIP) gateways, which handle the many tasks involved in translating between transmission formats and protocols and act as the interface between an IP telephony network and the PSTN (TDM) or PBX.
7 Benefits of Supanet Business SIP Gateways / SIP Trunking:
1. Lower call costs , than traditional TDM based solutions
2. Zero Rated site to site calling - FREE Site to Site Calls
3. Lower connection and rental costs than ISDN
4. Faster Provisioning timescales than ISDN
5. A service that is scaleable on a per channel basis
6. Offers full emergency services support
7. Complements a converged network with lower costs and simplified architecture
About Tpad
With its many years in the business, Tpad has been a leader in providing communication solutions that meet business needs of small to medium businesses and large communications. For years now, Tpad has been popular for providing powerful IP PBX systems. It has recently added SIP trunking to its roster of services, offering even more robust communication capabilities for companies in the UK and abroad. Tpad also offers a variety of communication package services including porting and virtual numbers as well as Internet connectivity with its partnership with Supanet.
About Supanet
With more than a decade of presence in the ISP industry, Supanet today prides of over a million subscribers all over the UK. It offers high speed dedicated Internet connectivity at fast speed and highest level of latency and security. With products ranging from Business Broadband, Dark Fibre, Ethernet First Mile to Private Circuits and Wireless Microwave Connectivity. Whatever a business needs, Supanet can deliver competitively and with full service and support.
For more information on IP-PBX systems, SIP Trunking and other advanced business communication solutions, please visit Tpad's website at www.tpadbusiness.co.uk/ or by calling their operators at 0845 122 1746. Information on Supanet's Internet services is available at www.supanetbusiness.com.
Entrance door to the previous headquarters (1923) of the Amsterdam telephony service, artwork made by Hildo Krop, supposedly depicting the 4 continents and also the Staff of Mercury, the old Roman god ruling all affairs concerning Communication.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and from 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country [5] (and 30th largest in the world [6]), estimated at about 140 billion reais (IBGE/2007), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.[7]
Rio de Janeiro is the most visited city in the southern hemisphere and is known for its natural settings, carnival celebrations, samba, Bossa Nova, balneario beaches[8] such as Copacabana, Ipanema and Leblon. Some of the most famous landmarks in addition to the beaches include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer ('Cristo Redentor') atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf mountain (Pão de Açúcar) with its cable car; the Sambódromo, a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums.
One of my old Panoramic pictures from 2006. Vodafone Ghana is the national telecom company of Ghana. In 2006 it had around 400,000 customers for fixed and mobile telephony and internet services.
About Tpad (www.tpad.com)
Tpad is an international telecommunications company with over 1000 customers in the UK and operating internationally from regional offices in Dubai and Cyprus. With over 20 years experience in the IT Sector, our expertise spans the development, manufacture and installation of business telephony services. Tpad offers solutions to meet all requirements ranging from Managed IP/PBX solutions to complex Contact Centre installations. The Tpad Global Phone Network that has unlimited call handling capacity and our in-house developed software provides an on-net feature rich environment with functionality that includes network based call recording, call reporting, least cost routing, Diallers, Multi-Site solutions and much more.
With over 100 operatives within dedicated Service, Support and Development teams, we pride ourselves on service excellence and after sales care, consistently delivering some of the highest level of support within the industry. Our services are backed by a choice of service levels to dovetail with the skill sets within your organisation.
The Tpad Platform and solutions are able to operate using third party connectivity. However, Tpad is able to offer a range of connectivity solutions by partnering with its sister company, Internexus. With over 12 years in the sector, that includes the provision and management of network solutions for Supanet, the largest independent Internet Service Provider in the UK with over 500 thousand customers using the a range of services from Internet access, line rental and carrier pre-select services, Tpad and Internexus boast experience and knowledge that almost is unparalleled within the industry. Indeed, it was this combined experience that led to the establishment of Tpad's On-Net Voice Platform in 2005, when users were first given the ability to log in and make phone calls over the Internet. Whilst we have come a long way since then, adding the Tpad Platform to our broad range of business IP/PBX equipment powered by industry leading connectivity make our systems a truly one-stop solution.
Tpad's exciting product range is constantly evolving to keep pace both with technological advancements and our commitment offering our customers new and improved features and enhanced capabilities. At the same time we remain true to our core values of providing reliable cutting edge technology with outstanding service delivery. Telecommunications are the foundations on which almost every business in the 21st century is built. Information is power and communication is king. Whatever your requirements Tpad is ideally positioned to deliver a flexible cost-effective solution to satisfy your organisation's telecommunications requirements both for today and in the years to come. Let Tpad be a valuable partner in your business.
ROSEBRUGH, ABNER MULHOLLAND, surgeon, inventor, author, and social reformer; b. 8 Nov. 1835 in Dumfries Township, Upper Canada, youngest son of Thomas Rosebrugh, a farmer, and Johanna —; m. 27 June 1865 Ellen Bielby Reeve, sister of William Albert Reeve*, in Toronto, and they had two sons and four daughters; d. there 26 Nov. 1914.
Abner Rosebrugh, of uel descent and a Wesleyan Methodist, began medical studies at the age of 18 at John Rolph*’s Toronto School of Medicine, where an elder brother, John Wellington Rosebrugh, was to obtain an md in 1855. During his five years at the school Abner would have received a sound education from such notable instructors as Walter Bayne Geikie, Charles V. Berryman, William Thomas Aikins*, William Canniff*, and Rolph himself. Formal lectures, on surgery, anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, midwifery, the diseases of women and children, pathology, and medical jurisprudence, as well as hospital demonstrations and other duties, commenced at 8:00 a.m. and concluded at 9:00 p.m. Proof of one year’s attendance at a general hospital was also a requirement for graduation. Despite an upheaval at the school in 1856 [see William Thomas Aikins], Rosebrugh obtained an md from Victoria College, Cobourg, in 1859 and left for further study in New York and London.
By 1863 Rosebrugh had returned to Canada and set up a practice in Toronto. In that year he re-established the Toronto Free Dispensary, which made medical care available to those who could not afford it. One of the province’s first medical specialists, in ophthalmic surgery, he displayed a love of technology. After devising an instrument combining an ophthalmoscope and a camera in 1864, he and Toronto optician Charles Potter were able to photograph the fundus of the eye, one of the earliest successful attempts to do so. Rosebrugh also developed a new form of battery for medical purposes and wrote widely on the therapeutic action of electricity. Although galvanic and faradaic electricity would later become a discredited method of treatment, during the latter half of the 19th century it was used for a broad range of nervous and chronic pain complaints. Rosebrugh gave a lecture on a substitute for the stomach pump to the medical section of the Canadian Institute, and he made safer a technique for administering chloroform. He is also credited with having the first telephone line in Toronto, between his home and Potter’s, and of finding a method, adopted by the Bell Telephone Company of Canada, for transmitting telephonic and telegraphic messages simultaneously on the same wire.
In 1867 Rosebrugh had opened the Toronto Eye and Ear Infirmary, which soon developed into one of the city’s most specialized medical care institutions. Provincial financial support, first secured in 1868, combined with subscriptions from Toronto citizens, ensured the viability of this hospital. Rosebrugh had been joined in the infirmary in 1867 by his brother-in-law Richard Andrews Reeve. They worked together until 1873, when Reeve left after a professional disagreement. Rosebrugh performed a range of ear and eye operations, including iridectomies and the removal of cataracts, at the infirmary. In keeping with his concern for the poor, he carried out these procedures at no charge. He also lectured at the medical department of Victoria College.
As a result of his activities with the infirmary, Rosebrugh came into contact with John Woodburn Langmuir, the Ontario civil servant who was responsible for the Charity Aid Act of 1874, which solidified public support for hospitals. Through this association, Rosebrugh became deeply involved in social welfare reform. In 1874 he was a founding officer of the Prisoners’ Aid Association in Toronto, for assisting and counselling convicts previous to their discharge to ensure that they had adequate clothing, help them find employment, and, if necessary, obtain their transportation home. Rosebrugh also acted as vice-president of the National Conference of Charities and Correction, founded the Ontario Association for Reformation of Inebriates, and suggested to the National Council of Women of Canada that it should concern itself with the care and treatment of feeble-minded women of child-bearing age. This last activity was one of the first manifestations of the rise of a Canadian eugenics movement.
In 1890 Rosebrugh became involved in his most significant endeavour in the area of social welfare reform when he was appointed, at Langmuir’s suggestion, to a royal commission on the prison and reformatory system of Ontario. The commission’s report, described as one of the “outstanding documents in the literature of social welfare in Canada,” probed deep into the social roots of crime, drunkenness, juvenile delinquency, incarceration, and destitute children. One of its major conclusions was that much of the crime in Ontario originated from poor training of children at home. In addition to the testimony of many Ontario citizens, the commissioners heard the opinions of Thomas John Barnardo, who earlier had founded a series of children’s homes in England. An important recommendation was that every county in Ontario should establish an association to look after homeless and vulnerable children. Ultimately, it led to the formation of the Children’s Fresh Air Fund and the Toronto Children’s Aid Society.
Rosebrugh’s career exemplified the major medical trends and concerns of his time. He witnessed the specialization of medicine, coupled with the increased use of technology, and his activities reflected the increasing concern over the “degeneration” of the moral fibre of Victorian society, especially among the “lower classes.” Rosebrugh’s mechanical aptitude was carried on by his son Thomas Reeve Rosebrugh, who was professor of electrical engineering in the University of Toronto from 1889 to 1936; their memory lives on in an engineering building named after them.
Voronezh State University (Russian: Воро́нежский госуда́рственный университе́т, ВГУ; VSU) is one of the main universities in Central Russia, located in the city of Voronezh. The university was established in 1918 by professors evacuated from the University of Tartu in Estonia. The university has 18 faculties and an enrollment of 22,000 students from Russia, Europe, Africa, the Americas and Asia. Besides, the university has 6 research institutes and 16 research laboratories administered by the Russian Academy of Science. The university is composed of 10 buildings and 7 resident halls situated throughout the city. For over 90 years the University has trained more than 100,000 professionals.
Sanctions
Dmitry Yendovitsky (Ендовицкий Дмитрий Александрович), the rector of the Voronezh State University has signed a letter of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
History
In 1802 following a decree of Russian Emperor Alexander I the University of Tartu in Estonia was re-established. As a result of the German occupation of Estonia during World War I in March 1918, Russian students and professors had to leave the Estonian territory for their own safety. It was decided that a new university would be established in central Russia. In July and September 1918 from Dorpat (now Tartu), 39 professors, 45 lecturers, 43 staff and about 800 students arrived in Voronezh. The first rector of the university was Basil E. Regel.
On 12 November 1918 four faculties started working, namely the faculty of Medicine, the faculty of Physics and Mathematics, the faculty of History and Philology and the Law faculty. In the beginning of 1919, the University had an enrollment of 10,000 students. Anyone could study there, only 4 years later in 1923 that entrance exams were introduced. In 1920, after the Treaty of Tartu, the properties of the University of Tartu (libraries, archives, manuals, documents and other objects) were returned to Estonia. However, most of the teachers who have left due to the onset of the army of Imperial Germany and the occupation of Estonia, did not return to Estonia.
In the early 1920s, Voronezh Institute of Education was added to the university, which marked the beginning of pedagogical faculties, departments that prepares teachers of mathematics, physics, chemistry, natural science, Russian language and literature, social and economic disciplines for schools. In 1930, the Medical Faculty was transformed into an independent institute. During World War II the university was relocated in Yelabuga in the Republic of Tatarstan for a period of two years from 1941 to 1943.
Faculties
Applied Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics
Mathematics
Computer Sciences
Physics
Chemistry
Pharmaceutics
Medicine and Biology
Economics
Geography, Geoecology & Tourism
Geology
History
Institute of International Education
International Relations
Journalism
Law
Philology
Philosophy and Psychology
Romance and Germanic Philology
Military education
Buildings and infrastructures
Voronezh State University has 10 academic buildings and 7 residence halls located primarily in the city centre.
Fundamental research
research centres
Wave Processes in Inhomogeneous and Non-Linear Media ( Director: Prof. Aleksandr S. Sidorkin www.rec.vsu.ru/eng/)
Innovative Technologies (Director: Prof. Boris A. Zon )
Spacecraft and Rocket Engineering (Co-Director: Prof. Sergey A. Zapryagayev )
Radio Engineering and Electronics (Co-Director: Prof. Ivan I. Borisov )
Scientific and technological cooperation with the EU ( Director: Prof. Igor N. Zornikov )
Shared use of research equipment ( Director: Dr. Mikhail V. Lesovoy )
Technology Transfer ( Director: Dr. Igor V. Aristov )
Geography, Land use and Geo-ecology( Co-Director: Prof. Vladimir I. Fedotov )
Geology ( Co-Director: Prof. Sergey A. Zapryagayev )
Human ecology ( Co-Director: Prof. Semyon A. Kurolap )
Biology ("Venevitino")
Chemical Physics ( Co-Director: Prof. Ivan I. Borisov )
research laboratories
Wave Processes (Co-Director: Prof. Boris A. Zon www.vsu.ru/english/depts/research/labs/waveproc.html )
X-ray Crystallography (Co-Director: Dr. Kseniya B. Aleynikova )
Electron Spectroscopy for Solid-State Physics (Academic Director: Prof. Evelina P.Domashevskaya Administrative Director: Dr. S.V. Ryabtsev www.vsu.ru/english/depts/research/labs/spectroscopy.html)
Mathematical Simulation of Complex Nonlinear Processes and Structures (Co-Director: Prof. V.V. Obukhovskiy www.vsu.ru/english/depts/research/labs/mathsim.html)
Theoretical Physics (Director: Kopitin I.V. )
Biodiversity and Ecosystems Monitoring
Conjugated Processes in Electrochemistry and Corrosion
Economics and Management
Ellipsometric Materials Research
Geodynamics and Seismic Monitoring Academic
Geology and Minerals
History of Archaeological Research and Records in Eurasia
Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geo-Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Voronezh Branch ( Director: Prof. Nikolay M. Chernyshov )
Ion Exchange and Chromatography
Photostimulated Processes in Crystals (Co-Director: Prof. Anatoly N. Latyshev )
Physics and Chemistry of Nanoscale Structured Systems ( Co-Director: Prof. Irina Ya. Mittova )
Systematics and Ecology of Insects ( Co-Director: Prof. Oleg P. Negrobov )
research institutes
Chemistry and Pharmacy
Geology
Mathematics (Director: Prof. Victor G. Zvyagin)
Physics
Social Sciences
Alumni
Svitlana Bilyayeva, archaeologist
Anna Bogomazova, Russian kickboxer, professional wrestler and valet
Pavel Cherenkov, a Nobel Prize in Physics winner
Bridget Kendall, a British journalist
Mark Krasnosel'skii, Soviet mathematician
Sally Laird, British writer, editor and translator
Lev Pavlovich Rapoport Soviet (Russian) theoretician physicist
Ali Mohamed Shein, 7th President of Zanzibar
Voronezh is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
History
The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan.
For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronezh in Ukraine). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.
The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi, Varna, Verona, Brno, etc.
A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus.
In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol.
Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (ворон) and hedgehog (еж) into Воронеж. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.
In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The city was named after the river.
17th to 19th centuries
In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line, Goto Predestinatsia. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh, was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate, which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate.
In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet, and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.
20th century
World War II
During World War II, Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad, and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev, and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
Until January 25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn, the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.
Post-war
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School, a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.
In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86, was built there.
In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".
21st century
From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development.
On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.
Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region. As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination.
In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion, forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself.
Administrative and municipal status
Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.
City divisions
The city is divided into six administrative districts:
Zheleznodorozhny (183,17 km²)
Tsentralny (63,96 km²)
Kominternovsky (47,41 km²)
Leninsky (18,53 km²)
Sovetsky (156,6 km²)
Levoberezhny (123,89 km²)
Economy
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering, metalworking, the electronics industry and the food industry.
In the city are such companies as:
Tupolev Tu-144
Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
Sozvezdie[36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories),
Voronezh Mechanical Plant[37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH[38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:.
Pirelli Voronezh.
On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.
Construction
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.
Clusters of Voronezh
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.
Geography
Urban layout
Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement (ostrog). In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower.
Climate
Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
Transportation
Air
The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport, which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport, a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo, Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers.[citation needed]
Rail
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.
Bus
There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, and Astrakhan.
Education and culture
Aviastroiteley Park
The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:
Voronezh State University
Voronezh State Technical University
Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
Voronezh State Pedagogical University
Voronezh State Agricultural University
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Voronezh State Academy of Arts
Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
Russian State University of Justice
Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
International Institute of Computer Technologies
Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law
and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.
Theaters
Voronezh Chamber Theatre
Koltsov Academic Drama Theater
Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre
Shut Puppet Theater
Festivals
Platonov International Arts Festival
Sports
ClubSportFoundedCurrent LeagueLeague
RankStadium
Fakel VoronezhFootball1947Russian Premier League1stTsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion
Energy VoronezhFootball1989Women's Premier League1stRudgormash Stadium
Buran VoronezhIce Hockey1977Higher Hockey League2ndYubileyny Sports Palace
VC VoronezhVolleyball2006Women's Higher Volleyball League A2ndKristall Sports Complex
Religion
Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh
Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh.[citation needed] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.
In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.
Cemeteries
There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:
Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
Lesnoye Cemetery
Jewish Cemetery
Nikolskoye Cemetery
Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
Podgorenskоye Cemetery
Kominternovskoe Cemetery
Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.
Born in Voronezh
18th century
Yevgeny Bolkhovitinov (1767–1837), Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia
Mikhail Pavlov (1792–1840), Russian academic and professor at Moscow University
19th century
1801–1850
Aleksey Koltsov (1809–1842), Russian poet
Ivan Nikitin (1824–1861), Russian poet
Nikolai Ge (1831–1894), Russian realist painter famous for his works on historical and religious motifs
Vasily Sleptsov (1836–1878), Russian writer and social reformer
Nikolay Kashkin (1839–1920), Russian music critic
1851–1900
Valentin Zhukovski (1858–1918), Russian orientalist
Vasily Goncharov (1861–1915), Russian film director and screenwriter, one of the pioneers of the film industry in the Russian Empire
Anastasiya Verbitskaya (1861–1928), Russian novelist, playwright, screenplay writer, publisher and feminist
Mikhail Olminsky (1863–1933), Russian Communist
Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), French surgeon of Russian extraction
Andrei Shingarev (1869–1918), Russian doctor, publicist and politician
Ivan Bunin (1870–1953), the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature
Alexander Ostuzhev (1874–1953), Russian and Soviet drama actor
Valerian Albanov (1881–1919), Russian navigator and polar explorer
Jan Hambourg (1882–1947), Russian violinist, a member of a famous musical family
Volin (1882–1945), anarchist
Boris Hambourg (1885–1954), Russian cellist who made his career in the USA, Canada, England and Europe
Boris Eikhenbaum (1886–1959), Russian and Soviet literary scholar, and historian of Russian literature
Anatoly Durov (1887–1928), Russian animal trainer
Samuil Marshak (1887–1964), Russian and Soviet writer, translator and children's poet
Eduard Shpolsky (1892–1975), Russian and Soviet physicist and educator
George of Syracuse (1893–1981), Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Yevgeny Gabrilovich (1899–1993), Soviet screenwriter
Semyon Krivoshein (1899–1978), Soviet tank commander; Lieutenant General
Andrei Platonov (1899–1951), Soviet Russian writer, playwright and poet
Ivan Pravov (1899–1971), Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter
William Dameshek (1900–1969), American hematologist
20th century
1901–1930
Ivan Nikolaev (1901–1979), Soviet architect and educator
Galina Shubina (1902–1980), Russian poster and graphics artist
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934
Yakov Kreizer (1905–1969), Soviet field commander, General of the army and Hero of the Soviet Union
Iosif Rudakovsky (1914–1947), Soviet chess master
Pawel Kassatkin (1915–1987), Russian writer
Alexander Shelepin (1918–1994), Soviet state security officer and party statesman
Grigory Baklanov (1923–2009), Russian writer
Gleb Strizhenov (1923–1985), Soviet actor
Vladimir Zagorovsky (1925–1994), Russian chess grandmaster of correspondence chess and the fourth ICCF World Champion between 1962 and 1965
Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009), cosmonaut and engineer
Vitaly Vorotnikov (1926–2012), Soviet statesman
Arkady Davidowitz (1930), writer and aphorist
1931–1950
Grigory Sanakoev (1935), Russian International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster, most famous for being the twelfth ICCF World Champion (1984–1991)
Yuri Zhuravlyov (1935), Russian mathematician
Mykola Koltsov (1936–2011), Soviet footballer and Ukrainian football children and youth trainer
Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov (1936), Russian composer
Iya Savvina (1936–2011), Soviet film actress
Tamara Zamotaylova (1939), Soviet gymnast, who won four Olympic medals at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
Yury Smolyakov (1941), Soviet Olympic fencer
Yevgeny Lapinsky (1942–1999), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Galina Bukharina (1945), Soviet athlete
Vladimir Patkin (1945), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Vladimir Proskurin (1945), Soviet Russian football player and coach
Aleksandr Maleyev (1947), Soviet artistic gymnast
Valeri Nenenko (1950), Russian professional football coach and player
1951–1970
Vladimir Rokhlin, Jr. (1952), Russian-American mathematician and professor of computer science and mathematics at the Yale University
Lyubov Burda (1953), Russian artistic gymnast
Mikhail Khryukin (1955), Russian swimmer
Aleksandr Tkachyov (1957), Russian gymnast and two times Olympic Champion
Nikolai Vasilyev (1957), Russian professional football coach and player
Aleksandr Babanov (1958), Russian professional football coach and player
Sergey Koliukh (1960), Russian political figure; 4th Mayor of Voronezh
Yelena Davydova (1961), Soviet gymnast
Aleksandr Borodyuk (1962), Russian football manager and former international player for USSR and Russia
Aleksandr Chayev (1962), Russian swimmer
Elena Fanailova (1962), Russian poet
Alexander Litvinenko (1962–2006), officer of the Russian FSB and political dissident
Yuri Shishkin (1963), Russian professional football coach and player
Yuri Klinskikh (1964–2000), Russian musician, singer, songwriter, arranger, founder rock band Sektor Gaza
Yelena Ruzina (1964), athlete
Igor Bragin (1965), footballer
Gennadi Remezov (1965), Russian professional footballer
Valeri Shmarov (1965), Russian football player and coach
Konstantin Chernyshov (1967), Russian chess grandmaster
Igor Pyvin (1967), Russian professional football coach and player
Vladimir Bobrezhov (1968), Soviet sprint canoer
1971–1980
Oleg Gorobiy (1971), Russian sprint canoer
Anatoli Kanishchev (1971), Russian professional association footballer
Ruslan Mashchenko (1971), Russian hurdler
Aleksandr Ovsyannikov (1974), Russian professional footballer
Dmitri Sautin (1974), Russian diver who has won more medals than any other Olympic diver
Sergey Verlin (1974), Russian sprint canoer
Maxim Narozhnyy (1975–2011), Paralympian athlete
Aleksandr Cherkes (1976), Russian football coach and player
Andrei Durov (1977), Russian professional footballer
Nikolai Kryukov (1978), Russian artistic gymnast
Kirill Gerstein (1979), Jewish American and Russian pianist
Evgeny Ignatov (1979), Russian sprint canoeist
Aleksey Nikolaev (1979), Russian-Uzbekistan footballer
Aleksandr Palchikov (1979), former Russian professional football player
Konstantin Skrylnikov (1979), Russian professional footballer
Aleksandr Varlamov (1979), Russian diver
Angelina Yushkova (1979), Russian gymnast
Maksim Potapov (1980), professional ice hockey player
1981–1990
Alexander Krysanov (1981), Russian professional ice hockey forward
Yulia Nachalova (1981–2019), Soviet and Russian singer, actress and television presenter
Andrei Ryabykh (1982), Russian football player
Maxim Shchyogolev (1982), Russian theatre and film actor
Eduard Vorganov (1982), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Anton Buslov (1983–2014), Russian astrophysicist, blogger, columnist at The New Times magazine and expert on transportation systems
Dmitri Grachyov (1983), Russian footballer
Aleksandr Kokorev (1984), Russian professional football player
Dmitry Kozonchuk (1984), Russian professional road bicycle racer for Team Katusha
Alexander Khatuntsev (1985), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Egor Vyaltsev (1985), Russian professional basketball player
Samvel Aslanyan (1986), Russian handball player
Maksim Chistyakov (1986), Russian football player
Yevgeniy Dorokhin (1986), Russian sprint canoer
Daniil Gridnev (1986), Russian professional footballer
Vladimir Moskalyov (1986), Russian football referee
Elena Danilova (1987), Russian football forward
Sektor Gaza (1987–2000), punk band
Regina Moroz (1987), Russian female volleyball player
Roman Shishkin (1987), Russian footballer
Viktor Stroyev (1987), Russian footballer
Elena Terekhova (1987), Russian international footballer
Natalia Goncharova (1988), Russian diver
Yelena Yudina (1988), Russian skeleton racer
Dmitry Abakumov (1989), Russian professional association football player
Igor Boev (1989), Russian professional racing cyclist
Ivan Dobronravov (1989), Russian actor
Anna Bogomazova (1990), Russian kickboxer, martial artist, professional wrestler and valet
Yuriy Kunakov (1990), Russian diver
Vitaly Melnikov (1990), Russian backstroke swimmer
Kristina Pravdina (1990), Russian female artistic gymnast
Vladislav Ryzhkov (1990), Russian footballer
1991–2000
Danila Poperechny (1994), Russian stand-up comedian, actor, youtuber, podcaster
Darya Stukalova (1994), Russian Paralympic swimmer
Viktoria Komova (1995), Russian Olympic gymnast
Vitali Lystsov (1995), Russian professional footballer
Marina Nekrasova (1995), Russian-born Azerbaijani artistic gymnast
Vladislav Parshikov (1996), Russian football player
Dmitri Skopintsev (1997), Russian footballer
Alexander Eickholtz (1998) American sportsman
Angelina Melnikova (2000), Russian Olympic gymnast
Lived in Voronezh
Aleksey Khovansky (1814–1899), editor
Ivan Kramskoi (1837–1887), Russian painter and art critic
Mitrofan Pyatnitsky (1864–1927), Russian musician
Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russian botanist
Alexander Kuprin (1880–1960), Russian painter, a member of the Jack of Diamonds group
Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937), Russian writer, went to school in Voronezh
Osip Mandelstam (1891–1938), Russian poet
Nadezhda Mandelstam (1899-1980), Russian writer
Gavriil Troyepolsky (1905–1995), Soviet writer
Nikolay Basov (1922–2001), Soviet physicist and educator
Vasily Peskov (1930–2013), Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveller and ecologist
Valentina Popova (1972), Russian weightlifter
Igor Samsonov, painter
Tatyana Zrazhevskaya, Russian boxer
1950-1970
Naamseingever
morsecode keyer.
indien veelvuldige gespreksdicipline overtredingen zijn geconstateerd
werd deze naamseingever geplaatst in de radiotelefonie zenders van Nederlandse (visserij)schepen
hier met het naamsein " IM " ( .. __ __ ) in morse code.
wanneer de zender in de lucht komt (wordt gesleuteld)
gaat het twee-letter naamsein altijd mee in de uitzending of er gesproken wordt of niet..
identificatie van de zender is daarmee gemakkelijker voor de toezichthouder, de luisterdienst
van de inspectie Kust en Scheepsradio. (PTT/KSR)
fabrikaat:
Centrale Werkplaats PTT te Den Haag
type 3-65 nr. 40
primaire 24V=
output naamsein "I M" in morse code
modulatie toon 2000Hz
About Tpad (www.tpad.com)
Tpad is an international telecommunications company with over 1000 customers in the UK and operating internationally from regional offices in Dubai and Cyprus. With over 20 years experience in the IT Sector, our expertise spans the development, manufacture and installation of business telephony services. Tpad offers solutions to meet all requirements ranging from Managed IP/PBX solutions to complex Contact Centre installations. The Tpad Global Phone Network that has unlimited call handling capacity and our in-house developed software provides an on-net feature rich environment with functionality that includes network based call recording, call reporting, least cost routing, Diallers, Multi-Site solutions and much more.
With over 100 operatives within dedicated Service, Support and Development teams, we pride ourselves on service excellence and after sales care, consistently delivering some of the highest level of support within the industry. Our services are backed by a choice of service levels to dovetail with the skill sets within your organisation.
The Tpad Platform and solutions are able to operate using third party connectivity. However, Tpad is able to offer a range of connectivity solutions by partnering with its sister company, Internexus. With over 12 years in the sector, that includes the provision and management of network solutions for Supanet, the largest independent Internet Service Provider in the UK with over 500 thousand customers using the a range of services from Internet access, line rental and carrier pre-select services, Tpad and Internexus boast experience and knowledge that almost is unparalleled within the industry. Indeed, it was this combined experience that led to the establishment of Tpad's On-Net Voice Platform in 2005, when users were first given the ability to log in and make phone calls over the Internet. Whilst we have come a long way since then, adding the Tpad Platform to our broad range of business IP/PBX equipment powered by industry leading connectivity make our systems a truly one-stop solution.
Tpad's exciting product range is constantly evolving to keep pace both with technological advancements and our commitment offering our customers new and improved features and enhanced capabilities. At the same time we remain true to our core values of providing reliable cutting edge technology with outstanding service delivery. Telecommunications are the foundations on which almost every business in the 21st century is built. Information is power and communication is king. Whatever your requirements Tpad is ideally positioned to deliver a flexible cost-effective solution to satisfy your organisation's telecommunications requirements both for today and in the years to come. Let Tpad be a valuable partner in your business.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, Zelfs in de meest afgelegen dorpen van Ghana heeft de bevolking een mobiele telefoon. 80% van de Ghanezen heeft een mobieltje. Een vast telefoonnet bestaat alleen in de stedelijke gebieden. De mobiele telefoon is niet meer weg te denken uit het dagelijkse leven. Hij wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt om familie in afgelegen gebieden te bereiken. Vodafone en MTN strijden om de hegemonie. Kleinere partijen zoals Tigo, Airtel, GLO en Zain vechten voor hun aandeel in de markt middles mega billboards en verkooppunten tot in de sloppenwijken in de hoofdstad Accra. MTN maakte in 2009 een omzet van 530 miljoen euro. Het in Zuid-Afrika gevestigde bedrijf heeft een huidige marktwaarde die gelijk staat aan twee keer keer het Bruto Nationaal Product van Ghana. Het prepaid principe maakt telefonie toegankelijk voor de allerarmsten. In 2011 was het minimaal te besteden prepaidbedrag omgerekend 3,5 eurocent in een land waar het gemiddelde dagloon één euro bedraagt. Voorbereidingen van de providers zijn in volle gang om ook het betalingsverkeer via de mobiele telefoon te laten verlopen. Met de komst van de mobiele telefoon is een groot deel van de bevolking officieus in kaart gebracht.
Africa, Ghana, 2011, Even in the most remote villages of Ghana, the population has a mobile phone. 80% of Ghanaians have a cell phone. A fixed line exists only in the urban areas. The mobile phone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It’s used primarily to reach family in remote areas. Vodafone and MTN battle for supremacy. Smaller parties such as Tigo, Airtel, GLO and Zain are fighting for their share of the market using mega billboards and shops right down to the slums in the capital of Accra. In 2009, MTN made a turnover of 530 million euros. The South African based company has a current market value equal to twice the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana. Prepaid phones have made telephony accessible to even the poorest. In 2011, the minimum prepaid amount to spend was 3.5 eurocents in a country where the average daily wage is one euro. Preparations of the providers are under way to introduce bank payments via mobile phone. Due to the registration of mobile phones a large proportion of the population has been mapped.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, selbst in den entlegensten Dörfern von Ghana, hat die Bevölkerung ein Mobiltelefon. 80% der Ghanaer hat ein Handy. Ein Festnetzanschluss existiert nur in den städtischen Gebieten. Das Mobiltelefon ist zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des täglichen Lebens. Es wird in erster Linie gebraucht um den Familien in abgelegenen Gebieten zu erreichen. Vodafone und MTN kämpfen um die Vorherrschaft. Kleinere Parteien wie Tigo, Airtel, GLO und Zain kämpfen für ihren Anteil an dem Markt middles mega Plakatwänden und Shops in den Slums in der Hauptstadt Accra. MTN hat im Jahr 2009 einen Umsatz von €530.000.000. Die südafrikanische Unternehmen hat aktuell ein Marktwert in Höhe von zweimal mal das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Ghana. Prepaid-Telefonie ist jetzt erreichbar zu den ärmsten. Im Jahr 2011, war die Minimumausgabe zu Prepaid-Betrag 3,5 Eurocent in einem Land, wo der durchschnittliche Tageslohn €1 ist. Die Vorbereitungen der Anbieter sind im Gange, um Bankzahlungen per Handy problemlos aufzunehmen. Durch das Aufkommen des Handys ist einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung inoffiziell registriert wurden.
Ready for use. A retractable carrying-handle doubles as a handset rest, and the handset is withdrawn from a cpmpartment in the base of the instrument. A 'pressel' switch is incorporated for opening the microphone circuit when required.
Top of telephone, left-to-right: Magneto ringer (minus gong!) behind line-terminals, battery compartment, (taking two No12 1.5V cells) behind morse signalling key, chopper / buzzer / induction-coil.
The 264 DC mili-amp meter is another Weston "golden oldie", well brass, actually. This model was aimed at the fine folks in the early days of the telephony industry who were running balanced lines all over god's green acres and needed a handy tool to measure a balanced line signals in the 50mA range and the 264 was chosen because it offered a direct 3 wire balanced input that also made use of a dual coil meter movement that internally mixed together to display a reading on a single gauge display. Depending on how you connected it, it could also be used to either show an additive or subtraction result. It is also fully self powered, as many of their other designs of the day employed. The vacuum tube voltmeter, which came later, historically, did though capture the measurement world because of its greater sensitivity to weaker signals in all manner of frequency ranges for AC use.
The 264 came into production just after the turn of the 20th century, 1901, approx. and was offered in a few different power ranges. I think the one I acquired, a -50 to +50 mili-amp range and was built somewhere between 1929 to about the mid 30's. It was in pretty decent shape both operationally and cosmetically, with just a bit of sticker glue residue and a number of paint pits from one of its previous users trying to scrape it off with a metal implement...screwdriver, most likely. Grrrrr. lol So I decided to just give it a basic cleaning and leave it alone. Though I might try touching up the paint if I can find the right match. Any evidence of the scratches being fixed via these pictures is purely a post production effort.
Enjoy! :)
Increase productivity
Fully featured
The SV8000 Series gives users access to advanced telephony features that enhance their productivity, in addition to supporting many additional multimedia applications.
Value-added applications
A rich suite of advanced applications improves efficiency and business processes using voice, email, instant messaging, SMS, IP telephony, voicemail and video-conferencing.
Mobility
Mobility enables flexible working practices and allows users to work smarter. Collaboration tools will make your employees more productive and more responsive to customers’ inquiries. Wherever users are located, they will be more accessible using IP phones, WLAN and web-based applications.
Manage growth
Scalable architecture.
The SV8000 Series incorporates a very scalable, open architecture with almost unlimited networking capabilities: ideal for businesses needing just 25 to 50 lines as well as for those larger corporations that need thousands of lines. In fact, a group of independent SV8000 servers can be networked to handle up to 200,000 extensions. This unique expansion capability is essential in large businesses where geographic, technical and commercial change is continuous and with new offices and departments constantly emerging, growing and integrating.
Migration and networking
The SV8000 Series can network with your existing NEC and third party systems, so IP technology can be introduced gradually to protect existing investments.
Open interfaces
The system is also future proof. It uses a state-of-the art open interface so new services and applications can be easily integrated - no matter how fast technology advances.
Reduce operating costs
Converged network
The SV8000 Series provides converged communications – data, multimedia and voice over one network, which means just one set of wiring costs. One network also consolidates traffic onto existing circuits, which allows you to leverage bandwidth and software applications. It provides a single, common management system for networked systems, and can reduce long distance/ internal toll charges.
Server-based architecture
The SV8000 Series includes modular core and optional hardware and software components – all of which are server-based, so it fits seamlessly into your IT environment. The heart of the system is the IP communication server, which is based on a true Client-Server design that does not require the purchase of traditional hardware to support analogue stations or trunk circuits.
Central management
The SV8000 Series peripheral devices enable you to manage equipment in branch offices from one central location or from any web-enabled workstation. This eliminates the need for local network management staff and therefore reduces the total cost of network ownership.
Distributed office
A distributed office location environment reduces the operating expenses incurred in managing disparate equipment by consolidating them into one system. Staff can work remotely (on the road or at home) with access to all corporate voice and data resources; all of which means that you can increase your labor pool without the cost of adding office space.
Improve business continuity
High availability
The SV8000 Series offers unparalleled reliability and continues NEC’s reputation for quality. The SV8000 Series is ideal for mission-critical situations such as defense, government and 24hr services. Advanced fault diagnosis, uninterruptible power supply, remote telephony survivability, clustered survivability, and many other fail-over capabilities all ensure the best availability and operational continuity in the industry.
Voice quality
High voice quality is achieved by optimizing specific functions in hardware and software. The high performance of the line-echo cancellation eliminates echo signals. Quality of Service parameters prioritize voice traffic and, depending on the individual communication channel, the appropriate voice volume level is automatically and centrally managed by the server.
Security
The SV8000 Series provides secure communications, including voice encryption, a variety of authentication methods, detailed audit logging, data integrity services and bandwidth management services.
UNIVERGE SV8100 SPECIFICATIONS
Number of SV8100s:
1
2
3
4
w/NetLink
Hardware Capacity
Number of Physical Ports
104
208
312
416
712
Outside Lines
Analog Trunks
Analog Trunks (COT)
40
88
136
184
200
T1/PRI Channels
96
192
200
200
200
BRI Channels
40
88
136
184
200
IP Lines
IP Trunks (SIP/H323)
200***
Terminals
Digital Terminals (TDM)
UNIVERGE DT300 Series
80
160
240
320
512
Analog Terminals
SLT (-24V)
80
160
240
320
512
SLT (-48V)
20
44
68
92
512
IP Terminals
UNIVERGE DT700 Series
512**
SP310 Soft Phone
128**
SIP DECT Terminals
512
Wireless DECT Terminals
8
Applications**
IP Pad Channels
32/64/128
N/A
IP Pad Channels with sRTP
24/48/96
N/A
Embedded Applications
Voice Mail
VM 8000 InMail
2/4/8; Up to 32 hrs of storage; 576 mailboxes (512 subscribers, 32 groups, 32 call routing mailboxes)
N/A
VRS channels
2/4/8/16
N/A
InACD
(512 Agents, 64 ACD Groups)
N/A
In-Skin Applications
Multimedia Conference Bridge
Up to 16
N/A
IVR
Up to 16
N/A
UMS 8000 Mail
Up to 16 ports & 534 hrs storage; .1000 mailboxes
Gigabit POE Switch
8 ports per blade
N/A
Internal Router
4 port managed Ethernet switch w/VLAN support
N/A
Networking
NetLink Networking#
16 systems
K-CCIS networking (T1)
255 systems max. connectable per K-CCIS Network. Actual number depends on numbering plan.
Telephony and Telegraphy - Barnett Freedman 1948 commercial illustration.
(Go to [above] "Actions - View All Sizes - Original" to view this image at its full resolution of 1050x750 - 150 dpi).
Silicon Valley technology Coventry style! Note we have "sending and receiving" plus an "international calling box" But there was a time not so long ago when G.E.C. Coventry was a world leader in telephony.
© Ian Halsey MMXI
Audrey Plonk, Global Security & Internet Policy Specialist, Security & Privacy Policy Team, Intel Corporation
The Session urges all stakeholders to ensure that ICTs, and especially access to mobile telephony and broadband Internet access, need to be fully recognized by the international community in the UN’s post-2015 development agenda to empower people intellectually and financially, to open up fresh employment opportunities, and to give people greater access to learning and education, and health services.
Day 4
16 May 2013
ITU/ J.M. Planche
Radio Kootwijk is a small town in the Dutch municipality of Apeldoorn, with (in 2006) ca. 120 inhabitants. It is situated in a heather- and forest-rich territory in the Veluwe region, east of the sandhills of the Kootwijkerzand and the town of Kootwijk.
The housing accommodations of Radio Kootwijk arose as a result of the building of a shortwave transmitter site with the same name, starting in 1918. The transmitters played an important role in the 20th century as a communication facility between the Netherlands and its then colony of Dutch East Indies. In 1923 Dutch PTT started trans-oceanic telegraphy using a longwave transmitter (a 400KW high frequency alternator) from the German Telefunken company under the callsign PCG, in the 24 kHz and 48 kHz. By 1925 the longwave transmitter was changed by a shortwave tube based, electronic transmitter which had a much better performance due to the better propagation of shortwaves. With this new technology, in 1928 a radio-telephonic connection was established. At the end of World War II, the German occupying forces blew up the transmitter. Afterward some of the radio towers were rebuilt.[1]
Due to the development of new technologies like satellite communication, Radio Kootwijk lost its position as main overseas wireless connection point of the Netherlands. In 1980, the last transmission mast was blown up. In 2004 the park lost its last transmitter functions, and was transferred from the KPN company (successor to PTT) to the State Forestry Commission, which started attracting new buyers. The main building of the former transmitter park, designed by Dutch architect Julius Maria Luthmann and named 'Building A', 'The Cathedral' or sometimes 'The Sphynx', was officially appointed as a monument. It is used as venue and scenery for several cultural events and productions, including the American film Mindhunters in 2004.
This is an example of a current flow test set made by Western Electric used to adjust flat spring, wire spring, polarized, 206 and other types of relays.
Raids at scrap metal premises across Wigan borough yesterday resulted in copper and lead worth tens of thousands of pounds being seized.
As part of Operation Alloy, four sites were visited by police, the Health and Safety Executive, trading standards officials from Wigan and Salford and asset recovery teams from United Utilities, Electricity North West, Virgin Media and BT Openreach.
Electricity North West recovered cabling and copper conductors worth over £3,000 and BT Openreach seized cable worth around £1,000.
Virgin Media found over 4,000 metres of lead and copper cabling, 160 metres of fibre-optic cabling that could supply around 10,000 properties with a broadband, phone and TV connection, and a similar length of cable used for business telephony systems. The company also seized four batteries used to supply power to temporary traffic lights and telephone junction boxes.
In addition, police arrested two people on suspicion of theft after carrying out roadside checks using automatic number plate recognition equipment.
Chief Inspector Clara Williams of Greater Manchester Police’s Wigan Division said: “Metal theft is not a victimless crime, and we have recently seen an increase in this type of offence corresponding with the increased value of metal. An investigation into who has sold this property to scrap dealers is now underway, and we will prosecute anyone thought to be involved.”
In you have information please call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111. Crimestoppers is an independent charity that will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.
For information more about Greater Manchester Police please visit our website.
Visit twitter.com/#!/gmpolice to follow Greater Manchester Police on Twitter.
Slightly distorted circuit-diagram. Typical! - The instrument I chose to photograph has a fixed lid; the other 'D'-V can be opened right up, and despite the use of 'perspective' on Photoshop, this is the best I can manage without clipping.
Fortunately, I have a better cct diagram to hand, so if anyone wants a copy, drop me an e-mail.
Raids at scrap metal premises across Wigan borough yesterday resulted in copper and lead worth tens of thousands of pounds being seized.
As part of Operation Alloy, four sites were visited by police, the Health and Safety Executive, trading standards officials from Wigan and Salford and asset recovery teams from United Utilities, Electricity North West, Virgin Media and BT Openreach.
Electricity North West recovered cabling and copper conductors worth over £3,000 and BT Openreach seized cable worth around £1,000.
Virgin Media found over 4,000 metres of lead and copper cabling, 160 metres of fibre-optic cabling that could supply around 10,000 properties with a broadband, phone and TV connection, and a similar length of cable used for business telephony systems. The company also seized four batteries used to supply power to temporary traffic lights and telephone junction boxes.
In addition, police arrested two people on suspicion of theft after carrying out roadside checks using automatic number plate recognition equipment.
Chief Inspector Clara Williams of Greater Manchester Police’s Wigan Division said: “Metal theft is not a victimless crime, and we have recently seen an increase in this type of offence corresponding with the increased value of metal. An investigation into who has sold this property to scrap dealers is now underway, and we will prosecute anyone thought to be involved.”
In you have information please call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111. Crimestoppers is an independent charity that will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.
For information more about Greater Manchester Police please visit our website.
Visit twitter.com/#!/gmpolice to follow Greater Manchester Police on Twitter.
The very first Mesh Potato, a low-cost meshed wireless access point and asynchronous telephony adaptor combined. In short, a meshed wireless AP you can plug a regular phone into. Open Hardware, Open Source, low-power (sub 2.5 watts).
Raids at scrap metal premises across Wigan borough yesterday resulted in copper and lead worth tens of thousands of pounds being seized.
As part of Operation Alloy, four sites were visited by police, the Health and Safety Executive, trading standards officials from Wigan and Salford and asset recovery teams from United Utilities, Electricity North West, Virgin Media and BT Openreach.
Electricity North West recovered cabling and copper conductors worth over £3,000 and BT Openreach seized cable worth around £1,000.
Virgin Media found over 4,000 metres of lead and copper cabling, 160 metres of fibre-optic cabling that could supply around 10,000 properties with a broadband, phone and TV connection, and a similar length of cable used for business telephony systems. The company also seized four batteries used to supply power to temporary traffic lights and telephone junction boxes.
In addition, police arrested two people on suspicion of theft after carrying out roadside checks using automatic number plate recognition equipment.
Chief Inspector Clara Williams of Greater Manchester Police’s Wigan Division said: “Metal theft is not a victimless crime, and we have recently seen an increase in this type of offence corresponding with the increased value of metal. An investigation into who has sold this property to scrap dealers is now underway, and we will prosecute anyone thought to be involved.”
In you have information please call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111. Crimestoppers is an independent charity that will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.
For information more about Greater Manchester Police please visit our website.
Visit twitter.com/#!/gmpolice to follow Greater Manchester Police on Twitter.
"A Cubic Foot of Copper
486 Pounds
220.445 Kilograms
1868-1911
Presented to
Thomas A. Edison
by American Producers
and Consumers of Copper
in recognition of his stimu
lation by various inventions
in Telegraphy, Telephony, Elec
tric Lighting, Electric Railway,
etc. to the Copper Industry
October thirteenth"
Agents will be using Computer Telephony Integration to answer a call, place a call on hold, and to transfer the call to another department or agent. CTI will be integrated into Siebel, our customer database and management system. Within Siebel, CTI will display as icons within a tool bar, which are similar to tool bars found on Microsoft Office programs or the Internet Explorer web browser. The agent will use these icons the same manner as buttons on a phone.
Siebel will be the call center’s customer database and management system. Agents will be able to document the customer’s contact information, call activity, case files, and process correspondences through mail, E-mail, or fax. There will be a specific way to document the interaction, dependant on what type of call or E-mail the agent receives. Documentation criteria will be established in this manner:
Wrong number / Misdirect / General Questions w/o Contact Information
No documentation needed
Simple Calls/E-mails – General questions with contact information
Agents will search for a contact or create one in Siebel with the customer’s contact information and associate an inbound call activity to that contact. The agent will document the details of the call/E-mail within a comments field. Complex calls or E-mails and specific questions about accounts, technical support, situations requiring research, as a call back may be necessary, and other questions.
Agents will create a Service Request, which will be a file that contains all activities associate with a customer’s case. These activities will be the initial inbound call/E-mail documentation, any outbound calls/E-mails, escalations when necessary, and any outbound correspondences (fax, E-mail, postal mail). There will be a file number associated with the request that a customer can reference later, and an agent will be responsible for the request until the issue is resolved.
The leadership team and quality specialists will use NICE system to monitor calls. The system will record every call, with fifty percent of the calls containing screen shots. All recordings will be accessible for six months, after which they will be archived in a storage facility. Users will also be able to listen to calls live. NICE will also manage the quality evaluations as well. It will contain surveys used to evaluate agents and store them for later access.
Ludhiana ( Bhukhari Kalan ) , 27 January 2014 -
PSIEC , Punjab Small Industry and Export Corporation Former Vice Chairman, Advocate Sukhminderpal Singh Grewal said that our SAD-BJP Government has made several efforts to boost the industrial sector in Punjab state. Grewal said that due to these efforts of SAD-BJP Government as result several business houses are keen to invest in our Punjab. He said that now we have to check Punjab State Power Corporation Limited ( PSPCL ) which is providing poor services to the Consumers in Punjab. In a meeting with Kisan Morcha Workers here today, Grewal lashed out at Punjab State Power Corporation Limited for poor consumer services and absolute non-adherence of Standards of Performance mandated by Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) appointed by Government of Punjab. Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) has specified critical distribution parameters to provide efficient, reliable and safe system of Electricity through its regulations provided in its Supply Code. These Minimum Standards of Performance provides strict timelines to resolve various Consumer grievances viz. Normal Fuse Off, Overhead Line Breakdowns, Underground Cable Breakdowns, Distribution Transformer Failure, Power Transformer Failure, Street Light Faults, Period of Scheduled Outage, Voltage Fluctuations, Meter Complaints, Release of New Connection, Transfer of Title or Conversion of Services, Shifting of Meter/Service Connection and other Services, Complaints about Consumer’s Bills and restoration of Supply.
Grewal stated that Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) mandates a compensation to the Consumer in case of non-fulfillment of these Minimum Standards of Performance. Compensation varies from Rs 50/- to Rs 5000/- for each default for each Consumer. It is well known that Punjab State Power Corporation Limited neither fulfils these Minimum Standard of performance ( MSOP ) nor compensates any Consumer towards any such lapse whereas Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) mandates payment of such compensation by the way of adjustment in Electricity Bills. For instance, Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) mandates a normal fuse off complaint shall be addressed within 4 hours in cities, towns and urban areas and in case Punjab State Power Corporation Limited ( PSPCL ) fails to resolve the complaint within 4 hours, it shall remit Rs 50/- as compensation by the way of adjustment in the next bill of the Consumer.
Grewal added that Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) mandates registration of each and every complaint filed by the Consumer verbally, telephonically or in writing as per a duly approved Consumer Complaint Handling Procedure whereas there is hardly any such effective system in place to register and address consumer complaints. “According to the Annual Revenue Requirement ( ARR ) filed by the Punjab State Power Corporation Limited ( PSPCL ) with the Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ), it received only 2462 complaints in a year from over 65 Lac Consumers across Punjab whereas on an average more than 10000 complaints are received daily by the Punjab State Power Corporation Limited which clearly means Punjab State Power Corporation Limited ( PSPCL ) had fudged Annual Revenue Requirement ( ARR ) figures to avoid compensation and save itself from the wrath of Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) ”, added Grewal.
Grewal stated that he will write to Shri Shanta Kumar MP ( Rajya Sabha ) Prabhari Punjab Pradesh, Shri Balramji Dass Tandon Sr. BJP Leader Punjab BJP, Sr Sukhbir Singh Badal President Shiromani Akali Dal ( SAD ), Deputy Chief Minister and Power Minister Punjab, Shri Kamal Sharma Punjab State President Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ), Shri Tikshan Sud Political Advisor to CM Punjab and also to Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) to pass strict instructions to Punjab State Power Corporation Limited ( PSPCL ) to ensure registration of each and every complaint and its quick resolution, adhere to the Minimum Standard of performance ( MSOP ) as mandated by Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission ( PSERC ) and compensate each and every Consumer in case of any failure on its part, which is very shameful.
Slow internet connection - 20kbps (0.02mbps) when it should be at least 8mbps.
Everyone blames everyone else,
? is it Entanet the ISP?
? is it FCC of Wolverhampton?
? Is bad local telephony wiring?
? Is it cheapo hardware / software specification by a firm of accountants?
Ma kuang is the reputed clinic, where you are taking the advantage of TCM Singapore. We offer various tcm therapy services including tuina massage, tcm postnatal massage, etc. While viewing the past we observe that our grandparents and fogeys are more energetic than us. This can be because they believe in natural and traditional medicines and cure themselves by following traditional methods. We always try our greatest to serve better and luxury life to our loved ones. Our priority increases in terms of the kid as they fully rely upon parents and family. When it involves their health we became more alert to protect them from serious decease. We wish for better treatment with no side effects for our toddlers and members of the family.
If you reach Ma Kuang clinic and its major goal is to alleviate exhaustion by restoring energy by treating the reason for the matter. To market health and treat sickness, our doctors implement various methods to treat the patients. Being patients, you'll be able to reach our clinic. Furthermore, you'll also visit our website to understand more about us. You will also get in contact via telephony, and acquire deeper knowledge about us with the assistance of our expert.
On what turned out to be the first day of operation, North Norfolk Community Transport’s Mercedes Benz Sprinter 513CDi type number HX14 BGO is captured in Edgefield as it pauses at the Ramsgate Street Bus Shelter to set down passengers whilst working the above journey. (NB - I am not sure of the exact departure time.) As we can see, there is still a traditional post box and red telephone kiosk here, but the latter no longer contains any telephonic apparatus. Presumably it has been removed due to lack of use and in this mobile phone/electronic age, how long before post boxes start to disappear as well?
After operation on Friday 1st September 2017, NNCT withdrew their Friday only Aldborough to Holt via Matlaske, Plumstead, Baconsthorpe, Hempstead and Edgefield service 8. As from the following week the Edgefield to Holt section was incorporated into Sanders new Norfolk County Council supported Friday only service 20. However, the driver of HX14 BGO advised me that Friday 3rd November 2017 saw NNCT reintroduce journeys over the same section of route, thus duplicating the facilities provided by Sanders. The new NNCT service, which is timed to run ahead of service 20 in both directions, gives Edgefield residents more than two hours shopping time in Holt whereas service 20 offers them just over 90 minutes. It will be interesting to see if both services continue to operate.
Now Hear This was a series of audio works presented in various public spaces across Middlesbrough. The project featured new sound works by artists selected for their various interests in the complex relationships between sound, space and location. Adopting diverse modes of broadcast and public address, Now Hear This offered a range of listening experiences and unexpected sonic interventions into our everyday urban environment, creating surprising and engaging encounters with broadcast material.
Commissions included a new sound work by British artist Marcus Coates who broadcast local birdsong in the town’s main shopping centre, whilst Zoë Irvine presented highlights of a world wide 24-hour telephonic singing project in the local library and People Like Us offered a series of 10 free tracks celebrating the humorous side to communication breakdowns via a Bluetooth download hotspot on Middlesbrough’s main shopping street. In addition there was a Walking Tour of all the exhibition sites on Mon 3 March 2008 at 4pm.
Marcus Coates with Geoff Sample: Grounded. The Mall Shopping Centre
Marcus Coates, in collaboration with sound recordist Geoff Sample, broadcast a series of birdsong recordings in Middlesbrough's main shopping centre, The Mall. Using the existing public address system, Coates audio works feature local bird species native to the Tees Estuary and North East England. Broadcast at intervals throughout the day, Coates brings an unexpected soundtrack to this indoor urban environment, drawing some surprising parallels and contrasts between bird life and human behaviour.
Zoë Irvine: DIAL–A–DIVA. Middlesbrough Central Library
Zoë Irvine presented highlights from the audio archive of DIAL–A–DIVA, a 24-hour global, telephonic singing event celebrating one of the earliest broadcast technologies, the Theatrophone. The project recreated the theatrophone experience by allowing listeners to enjoy live musical performances from around the world via a call centre and phone lines for a 24-hour period. Visitors to Middlesbrough Central Library could hear a selection of the recorded performances on listening posts, presented alongside an exhibition of postcards and ephemera reflecting the magical experiences early telecommunications offered.
People Like Us: Breaking Waves. Bluetooth hotspot, Linthorpe Road
Vicki Bennett (aka People Like Us) produced a series of short audio works broadcast via Bluetooth in Middlesbrough Town Centre. These brief musical compositions explored the humorous side to communication breakdowns in all their varied and surprising forms. To experience Breaking Waves audiences were invited to take a Bluetooth enabled device within close proximity of the Bluetooth broadcaster - a poster site situated in front of BHS on Linthorpe Road.
PC to telephone calling built-in to the Windows Live platform. In this demo a merchant was selected from a local search using Windows Live Local and a phone call was placed directly from the PC.
(view the image at big size)
a story of a yellow box: PCO (Personal Call Office)
".. If there’s one man who built the foundation of the revolution in telephony usage in India in the last two decades of the 20th century, it is Sam Pitroda.
Ironically, this father of the Indian telecom revolution first used a telephone only after moving to the US to study electrical engineering. "Since the fascination of that first call, my dream was to set up small, rural exchanges and connect my country," he thought.
C-Sam Inc, a telecom solutions company promoted by Sam Pitroda, has set up its first India development centre with 40 professionals. The company has offices and development centres in the UK and the US.
"If you want to get it done, go do it!" With one hand in fast-paced business, and the other driving world-changing social development, Sam Pitroda has carved out his life's work with this as its underlying theme. Never satisfied with a standard version of success, he left his career in the United States and returned to India to head the country's first Telecom Commission, and consistently achieved the previously unachievable, including wiring up the entire country
His vision, and his technology, helped connect the people of India—in its far-flung regions and remotest corners, to each other and to the world. When the developed world saw a resource-strained country heading toward a billion people separated by large distances, it saw a tele-density gap nearly impossible to bridge. Looking at the same mammoth problem, Sam Pitroda saw access, not tele-density, as the solution.
He visualized a countrywide network of thousands of phone booths to provide this access. He battled conventional wisdom and lobbies that questioned why impoverished people needed telecom.
Pitroda has been a crusader for long. As a young man, he battled stiff opposition from the ‘roti, kapda aur makaan’ lobby, which was against the concept of a ‘connected’ India. But this young man stood his ground, making the case that telecommunication—along with substantial food, clean water and adequate shelter—was a fundamental component in the process of modernization. The smattering of bright yellow STD PCO boxes in India today, is a manifestation of his efforts.
Pitroda’s tenacity helped create the concept and technology behind the network of ‘STD/PCO’ phone booths across the country, in every village. The 600,000 booths, providing employment for a million people, today dot the remotest regions of India. This model is unique in the world, unparalleled to this day..."
from NRIpress
An invention by Dr. James Harris Rogers
Dr. James Harris Rogers (1856-1929) of Hyattsville, Md., inventor of the "loop aerial" and holder of numerous patents in telegraphy, telephony and radio.
An on-line book called "America’s Greatest War Invention" by H. Winfield Secor can be seen here: www.rexresearch.com/rogers/1rogers.htm
Image derived from the original glass negative.