View allAll Photos Tagged Telephony
The British Sector Telephone Directory; this copy is dated 1990.
When we were standing "shoulder to shoulder with our French and American Allies, defending freedom on the front line of the Cold War".
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, Zelfs in de meest afgelegen dorpen van Ghana heeft de bevolking een mobiele telefoon. 80% van de Ghanezen heeft een mobieltje. Een vast telefoonnet bestaat alleen in de stedelijke gebieden. De mobiele telefoon is niet meer weg te denken uit het dagelijkse leven. Hij wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt om familie in afgelegen gebieden te bereiken. Vodafone en MTN strijden om de hegemonie. Kleinere partijen zoals Tigo, Airtel, GLO en Zain vechten voor hun aandeel in de markt middles mega billboards en verkooppunten tot in de sloppenwijken in de hoofdstad Accra. MTN maakte in 2009 een omzet van 530 miljoen euro. Het in Zuid-Afrika gevestigde bedrijf heeft een huidige marktwaarde die gelijk staat aan twee keer keer het Bruto Nationaal Product van Ghana. Het prepaid principe maakt telefonie toegankelijk voor de allerarmsten. In 2011 was het minimaal te besteden prepaidbedrag omgerekend 3,5 eurocent in een land waar het gemiddelde dagloon één euro bedraagt. Voorbereidingen van de providers zijn in volle gang om ook het betalingsverkeer via de mobiele telefoon te laten verlopen. Met de komst van de mobiele telefoon is een groot deel van de bevolking officieus in kaart gebracht.
Africa, Ghana, 2011, Even in the most remote villages of Ghana, the population has a mobile phone. 80% of Ghanaians have a cell phone. A fixed line exists only in the urban areas. The mobile phone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It’s used primarily to reach family in remote areas. Vodafone and MTN battle for supremacy. Smaller parties such as Tigo, Airtel, GLO and Zain are fighting for their share of the market using mega billboards and shops right down to the slums in the capital of Accra. In 2009, MTN made a turnover of 530 million euros. The South African based company has a current market value equal to twice the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana. Prepaid phones have made telephony accessible to even the poorest. In 2011, the minimum prepaid amount to spend was 3.5 eurocents in a country where the average daily wage is one euro. Preparations of the providers are under way to introduce bank payments via mobile phone. Due to the registration of mobile phones a large proportion of the population has been mapped.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, selbst in den entlegensten Dörfern von Ghana, hat die Bevölkerung ein Mobiltelefon. 80% der Ghanaer hat ein Handy. Ein Festnetzanschluss existiert nur in den städtischen Gebieten. Das Mobiltelefon ist zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des täglichen Lebens. Es wird in erster Linie gebraucht um den Familien in abgelegenen Gebieten zu erreichen. Vodafone und MTN kämpfen um die Vorherrschaft. Kleinere Parteien wie Tigo, Airtel, GLO und Zain kämpfen für ihren Anteil an dem Markt middles mega Plakatwänden und Shops in den Slums in der Hauptstadt Accra. MTN hat im Jahr 2009 einen Umsatz von €530.000.000. Die südafrikanische Unternehmen hat aktuell ein Marktwert in Höhe von zweimal mal das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Ghana. Prepaid-Telefonie ist jetzt erreichbar zu den ärmsten. Im Jahr 2011, war die Minimumausgabe zu Prepaid-Betrag 3,5 Eurocent in einem Land, wo der durchschnittliche Tageslohn €1 ist. Die Vorbereitungen der Anbieter sind im Gange, um Bankzahlungen per Handy problemlos aufzunehmen. Durch das Aufkommen des Handys ist einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung inoffiziell registriert wurden.
Ernst II Bernhard Georg Johann Karl Frederick Peter Albert, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (b. Altenburg, 31 August 1871 – d. Schloß Fröhliche Wiederkunft, 22 March 1955), was the last reigning duke of Saxe-Altenburg.
from Wiki
During World War I, Ernst refused all honorary appointments at the Kaiser's headquarters (which would have been considerably safer than other areas). He renounced his rank as General, entered the service as a mere Colonel, and distinguished himself at the Battle of Peronne. By the end of the war, he was a commander of a division.
A great lover of science, Ernst had a wireless installation fitted inside his castle in Altenburg during the start of the war. Its purpose was to specially communicate with airships. Ernst also had a lifelong interest in wireless telegraphy and telephony, and was considered an expert of aeronautics.
When Germany lost the war, all the German princes lost their titles and states. Ernst was one of the first princes to realize major changes were coming for Germany, and quickly arrived at an amicable settlement with his subjects. He was forced to abdicate the government of the duchy on 13 November 1918, and spent the rest of his life like a private citizen.
After his abdication Ernst, with a moderate fortune, retired to a hotel in Berlin. Two years later, in 1920, his marriage ended in divorce. Later the same year, Ernst announced his engagement to Helena Thomas, an opera singer. They had met while she was temporarily filling an engagement at the Ducal Theatre in Altenburg during the war. The marriage never took place however.
On 15 July 1934 Ernst married his second wife Maria Triebel, who had been his companion for many years, at his home, Schloss Froehliche Wiederkunft ("Palace of Happy Returnings"). Maria was born in Waltershausen on October 16, 1893, and died in Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf on February 28, 1955. This was a morganatic marriage, and she received only the title of "Baroness Reiseneck". They had no children.
Still interested in science Ernst established a modern observatory in Wolfersdorf, employing Kurd Kisshauer in 1922. On 1 May 1937 Ernst joined the Nazi party.
Ernst became the only former reigning German prince who accepted German Democratic Republic citizenship after World War II, refusing an offer to leave his beloved Schloß Fröhliche Wiederkunft and relocate to the British occupation zone. The Schloß had been confiscated by the Soviet occupiers, but Ernst had been granted free use of it until his death. In March 1954, with the death of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, he became the last survivor of the German princes who had reigned until 1918. One year later, on 22 March 1955, he died at his Schloß.
The Torre dei Lamberti is a medieval tower in Verona , 84 meters high, which rises from Piazza Erbe , the ancient Roman Forum , in the historic center of the city .
With the exception of the Italian Telecom Tower in the district of San Michele Extra (149 meters) and the Borgo Roma Italy Telecom Tower (102 meters), as structures for telephony, the Torre dei Lamberti holds the record for tallest building in the city of Verona , followed by the white bell tower of the Cathedral , 74.9 meters high.
The origins
The tower was commissioned by the powerful family Lamberti (subsequently banished from Verona and extinct), which began to build it in the eleventh century . At that dates back to the lowest part in tan brick and tufa . In 1140 , in the middle age city, was elected to the civic tower was installed and the first bell , of which nothing is known. In 1272 the statutes stated that, in addition to the bell of ' Arengo (then known as Rengo, he called in the assembly meeting), there was also another, the Marangona (derived from "joiner", which in Veronese dialect means carpenter ), to signal the beginning and end of work activities [1] .
In the fourteenth century
In 1311 a bell was recast and a new addition, called the Consolata. In 1394 it fell to Gianfrancesco da Legnago redo the Rengo , which was then also used to scan the executions of death sentences, alarms, signs of fire, the gathering of the militia and the arrival of a plague. Were present at the bell, with the function of janitors, prison guards (the tower usually housed some prison) and lookouts. They were wrong salaried, but staying free of charge in the tower and were exempt from taxes and military obligations .
Venetian period
In May 1403 a bolt of lightning struck the top of the tower, and only in 1448 work began on the restoration and elevation. that lasted until 1464 . In 1406 the bell made ââa plea for the Venetian governor ( Verona recently came under the rule of the Venetian Republic ), maintained their privileges, from what he confirmed. Have come down to us the names of the players of the time: John Bonifacio from San Giovanni in Valle , Christopher Michael from St Nazaire , Benassù James from Santa Maria in Organo , John Nicholas Hood from San Fermo . In 1452 all'Archicampanista Gasparino from Vicenza was awarded the recasting of the bells Marangona and Rengo. In 1471 it was again rebuilt since the Marangona cracked. In the meantime ( 1464 ) ended the work of raising, bringing the tower to reach the 84 meters, completed in style Gothic , in its present form .
In 1521 the Bonaventurini [5] remade the Rengo, which was recast by them in 1557 , getting one that still rings on the tower, octagonal within the cell. In 1597 the dynasty Levo From recast the Marangona, as noted by the teacher Gardoni "Gothic in shape." We also know the identity of ringers into service in 1606 , Roger Minali and children, replaced in his role, from 1632 to 1797 by the family Tanara, in whose chronicles remember that their elderly was burned by a lightning while stretched out a window of tower; a young man fell from the same of their family without suffering any injury.
In the eighteenth century
The Lamberti Tower photographed from the bell tower of the Cathedral of Verona .
In 1779 the famous founder Joseph Ruffini prepared a bell of hours is (in agreement with the eighth Rengo) and another called Rabbiosa to complete the deal that appeared as:
Rengo : note is flat , fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 ;
Marangona : known Kings , melted by the Da Levo in 1597 ;
Angry : note Fa sharp , cast by Ruffini in 1779 ;
Consolata or Bajona : note the , fused by an unknown in 1311 ;
Doorbell hours : note is flat , fused by Ruffini in 1779 .
These are the bells that rang during the historical event of the Veronese Easters .
Also in 1779 there was a proposal to place a large clock on the tower, but the watchmaker who had to do the work died before they start. It was, in 1798 , Count John Sagramoso in place, at his own expense, the clock, replacing that of the nearby Torre del Gardello , who had stopped working for some time .
From the nineteenth century to the present day
In 1833 the Knight John Cavadini, director of a foundry bells rival that of his brother Francis, recast Marangona Rabbiosa Bajona and getting the current complex consists of:
Rengo : note is flat 2, diameter 184 cm, weight 4215 kg. Fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 . is one of the best bells Renaissance and from the point of view of acoustic and decorative, as well as a rarity for age and size.
Marangona : known Kings 3, diameter 130 cm, weight 1300 kg. Excellent and rich fusion of John Cavadini of 1833 . It is one of the best achievements of the period and, without doubt, the best of this smelter.
Bajona : note Fa 3, diameter 108 cm, weight 750 kg. Merged with the Marangona.
Bell : note is flat 3, diameter 82 cm, weight 330 kg. Fused by Ruffini in 1779 . It was used as a clock signal.
The whole forms a fundamental harmonic arrangement of four bronzes to jump ( Sib 2 - King 3 - Makes 3 - Sib 3), as was the custom in the Baroque era.
At the beginning of the twentieth century the task was entrusted to the bell of St. Anastasia . It was the Rengo, November 4 1918 , 10:30, playing a party to announce the armistice with Austria , the end of the First World War [9] . After the Second World War , the management of the bells of the tower passed to companies bell of Santa Maria in Organo (which in 1994 was absorbed by St. Anastasia )
The tower is now open to the public and you can get in the belfries thanks to the stairs or the elevator, enjoying the panoramic view of the city.
I had no idea that this large building opposite Euston Station and (almost) next to the Quakers' Friends House was built as a telephone exchange. It looks like an office building, and presumably dates from a period when an exchange was more of a workplace, with numerous manual switchboards, than a modern box of electronic relays.
If this detail over a door (one of three on the front façade) is relevant, either to the location or telephony, the allusion eludes me. Why an oak wreath?
I suspect the blackened white discolouration is due to pollution from the busy Euston Road, but I like the effect, particular the 'warpaint' on the cheeks and craquelure on the forehead and leaves.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, Zelfs in de meest afgelegen dorpen van Ghana heeft de bevolking een mobiele telefoon. 80% van de Ghanezen heeft een mobieltje. Een vast telefoonnet bestaat alleen in de stedelijke gebieden. De mobiele telefoon is niet meer weg te denken uit het dagelijkse leven. Hij wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt om familie in afgelegen gebieden te bereiken. Vodafone en MTN strijden om de hegemonie. Kleinere partijen zoals Tigo, Airtel, GLO en Zain vechten voor hun aandeel in de markt middles mega billboards en verkooppunten tot in de sloppenwijken in de hoofdstad Accra. MTN maakte in 2009 een omzet van 530 miljoen euro. Het in Zuid-Afrika gevestigde bedrijf heeft een huidige marktwaarde die gelijk staat aan twee keer keer het Bruto Nationaal Product van Ghana. Het prepaid principe maakt telefonie toegankelijk voor de allerarmsten. In 2011 was het minimaal te besteden prepaidbedrag omgerekend 3,5 eurocent in een land waar het gemiddelde dagloon één euro bedraagt. Voorbereidingen van de providers zijn in volle gang om ook het betalingsverkeer via de mobiele telefoon te laten verlopen. Met de komst van de mobiele telefoon is een groot deel van de bevolking officieus in kaart gebracht.
Africa, Ghana, 2011, Even in the most remote villages of Ghana, the population has a mobile phone. 80% of Ghanaians have a cell phone. A fixed line exists only in the urban areas. The mobile phone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It’s used primarily to reach family in remote areas. Vodafone and MTN battle for supremacy. Smaller parties such as Tigo, Airtel, GLO and Zain are fighting for their share of the market using mega billboards and shops right down to the slums in the capital of Accra. In 2009, MTN made a turnover of 530 million euros. The South African based company has a current market value equal to twice the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana. Prepaid phones have made telephony accessible to even the poorest. In 2011, the minimum prepaid amount to spend was 3.5 eurocents in a country where the average daily wage is one euro. Preparations of the providers are under way to introduce bank payments via mobile phone. Due to the registration of mobile phones a large proportion of the population has been mapped.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, selbst in den entlegensten Dörfern von Ghana, hat die Bevölkerung ein Mobiltelefon. 80% der Ghanaer hat ein Handy. Ein Festnetzanschluss existiert nur in den städtischen Gebieten. Das Mobiltelefon ist zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des täglichen Lebens. Es wird in erster Linie gebraucht um den Familien in abgelegenen Gebieten zu erreichen. Vodafone und MTN kämpfen um die Vorherrschaft. Kleinere Parteien wie Tigo, Airtel, GLO und Zain kämpfen für ihren Anteil an dem Markt middles mega Plakatwänden und Shops in den Slums in der Hauptstadt Accra. MTN hat im Jahr 2009 einen Umsatz von €530.000.000. Die südafrikanische Unternehmen hat aktuell ein Marktwert in Höhe von zweimal mal das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Ghana. Prepaid-Telefonie ist jetzt erreichbar zu den ärmsten. Im Jahr 2011, war die Minimumausgabe zu Prepaid-Betrag 3,5 Eurocent in einem Land, wo der durchschnittliche Tageslohn €1 ist. Die Vorbereitungen der Anbieter sind im Gange, um Bankzahlungen per Handy problemlos aufzunehmen. Durch das Aufkommen des Handys ist einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung inoffiziell registriert wurden.
The Tandberg 150 MXP Videophone R1.1 allows Avaya customers to conduct 2-way video conversations from the convenience of their desktop using a simple user interface; just pick up the phone and dial. The phone interoperates with the Avaya Video Telephony Solution allowing customers to participate in point-to-point and multi-point video calls without the need for an expensive group video solution.
Visit Avaya.com for more information on the Tandberg 150 MXP Videophone.
Tantalum Memorial
Harwood, Wright und Yokokoji
uk, 2008
WINNER OF THE TRANSMEDIALE.09 AWARD
Jury Statement:
"Profound and dense, this work will be remade for transmediale after showings in 2008 in San Jose at 0l and in Italy at Manifesta7. It has been nominated for its quality of execution, density of imagination as well as conceptual and metaphorical strengths. It operates on many levels – casting light on the memory of the more than three million people who have died in wars in the Congo over the last ten years—through the use of telephony combined with computation. A rack of electromagnetic Strowger telephony switches is triggered by a computer that tracks calls from the 'Telephone Trottoire,' a 'social telephony' network designed for an international Congolese diaspora. This project builds on the Congolese practice of 'radio trottoire' – passing news and hearsay on street corners by word-of-mouth to avoid state control. Its imaginative breadth and its integration of socio-political objectives were seen by the jury as exceptional. The artists have established a substantial track record in engaging with subjects that impact us globally but are initially manifested locally, and their work is well-deserving of acknowledgement within transmediale 09."
Find out more about Tantalum Memorial at: www.transmediale.de/en/tantalum-memorial
Join the facebook event for a retrospective of the festival, videos, photos and other relevant material - www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=47750112630
Tantalum Memorial
Harwood, Wright und Yokokoji
uk, 2008
WINNER OF THE TRANSMEDIALE.09 AWARD
Jury Statement:
"Profound and dense, this work will be remade for transmediale after showings in 2008 in San Jose at 0l and in Italy at Manifesta7. It has been nominated for its quality of execution, density of imagination as well as conceptual and metaphorical strengths. It operates on many levels – casting light on the memory of the more than three million people who have died in wars in the Congo over the last ten years—through the use of telephony combined with computation. A rack of electromagnetic Strowger telephony switches is triggered by a computer that tracks calls from the 'Telephone Trottoire,' a 'social telephony' network designed for an international Congolese diaspora. This project builds on the Congolese practice of 'radio trottoire' – passing news and hearsay on street corners by word-of-mouth to avoid state control. Its imaginative breadth and its integration of socio-political objectives were seen by the jury as exceptional. The artists have established a substantial track record in engaging with subjects that impact us globally but are initially manifested locally, and their work is well-deserving of acknowledgement within transmediale 09."
Find out more about Tantalum Memorial at: www.transmediale.de/en/tantalum-memorial
Join the facebook event for a retrospective of the festival, videos, photos and other relevant material - www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=47750112630
Published by W. J. Johnston, New York.
Nikola Tesla (1856 – 1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.
Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before immigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant. His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current "War of Currents" as well as various patent battles.
Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in his ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission, which was his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited.
Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success. He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. He died on 7 January 1943. His work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor. Tesla has experienced a resurgence in interest in popular culture since the 1990s. [Source: Wikipedia]
The Torre dei Lamberti is a medieval tower in Verona , 84 meters high, which rises from Piazza Erbe , the ancient Roman Forum , in the historic center of the city .
With the exception of the Italian Telecom Tower in the district of San Michele Extra (149 meters) and the Borgo Roma Italy Telecom Tower (102 meters), as structures for telephony, the Torre dei Lamberti holds the record for tallest building in the city of Verona , followed by the white bell tower of the Cathedral , 74.9 meters high.
The origins
The tower was commissioned by the powerful family Lamberti (subsequently banished from Verona and extinct), which began to build it in the eleventh century . At that dates back to the lowest part in tan brick and tufa . In 1140 , in the middle age city, was elected to the civic tower was installed and the first bell , of which nothing is known. In 1272 the statutes stated that, in addition to the bell of ' Arengo (then known as Rengo, he called in the assembly meeting), there was also another, the Marangona (derived from "joiner", which in Veronese dialect means carpenter ), to signal the beginning and end of work activities [1] .
In the fourteenth century
In 1311 a bell was recast and a new addition, called the Consolata. In 1394 it fell to Gianfrancesco da Legnago redo the Rengo , which was then also used to scan the executions of death sentences, alarms, signs of fire, the gathering of the militia and the arrival of a plague. Were present at the bell, with the function of janitors, prison guards (the tower usually housed some prison) and lookouts. They were wrong salaried, but staying free of charge in the tower and were exempt from taxes and military obligations .
Venetian period
In May 1403 a bolt of lightning struck the top of the tower, and only in 1448 work began on the restoration and elevation. that lasted until 1464 . In 1406 the bell made ââa plea for the Venetian governor ( Verona recently came under the rule of the Venetian Republic ), maintained their privileges, from what he confirmed. Have come down to us the names of the players of the time: John Bonifacio from San Giovanni in Valle , Christopher Michael from St Nazaire , Benassù James from Santa Maria in Organo , John Nicholas Hood from San Fermo . In 1452 all'Archicampanista Gasparino from Vicenza was awarded the recasting of the bells Marangona and Rengo. In 1471 it was again rebuilt since the Marangona cracked. In the meantime ( 1464 ) ended the work of raising, bringing the tower to reach the 84 meters, completed in style Gothic , in its present form .
In 1521 the Bonaventurini [5] remade the Rengo, which was recast by them in 1557 , getting one that still rings on the tower, octagonal within the cell. In 1597 the dynasty Levo From recast the Marangona, as noted by the teacher Gardoni "Gothic in shape." We also know the identity of ringers into service in 1606 , Roger Minali and children, replaced in his role, from 1632 to 1797 by the family Tanara, in whose chronicles remember that their elderly was burned by a lightning while stretched out a window of tower; a young man fell from the same of their family without suffering any injury.
In the eighteenth century
The Lamberti Tower photographed from the bell tower of the Cathedral of Verona .
In 1779 the famous founder Joseph Ruffini prepared a bell of hours is (in agreement with the eighth Rengo) and another called Rabbiosa to complete the deal that appeared as:
Rengo : note is flat , fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 ;
Marangona : known Kings , melted by the Da Levo in 1597 ;
Angry : note Fa sharp , cast by Ruffini in 1779 ;
Consolata or Bajona : note the , fused by an unknown in 1311 ;
Doorbell hours : note is flat , fused by Ruffini in 1779 .
These are the bells that rang during the historical event of the Veronese Easters .
Also in 1779 there was a proposal to place a large clock on the tower, but the watchmaker who had to do the work died before they start. It was, in 1798 , Count John Sagramoso in place, at his own expense, the clock, replacing that of the nearby Torre del Gardello , who had stopped working for some time .
From the nineteenth century to the present day
In 1833 the Knight John Cavadini, director of a foundry bells rival that of his brother Francis, recast Marangona Rabbiosa Bajona and getting the current complex consists of:
Rengo : note is flat 2, diameter 184 cm, weight 4215 kg. Fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 . is one of the best bells Renaissance and from the point of view of acoustic and decorative, as well as a rarity for age and size.
Marangona : known Kings 3, diameter 130 cm, weight 1300 kg. Excellent and rich fusion of John Cavadini of 1833 . It is one of the best achievements of the period and, without doubt, the best of this smelter.
Bajona : note Fa 3, diameter 108 cm, weight 750 kg. Merged with the Marangona.
Bell : note is flat 3, diameter 82 cm, weight 330 kg. Fused by Ruffini in 1779 . It was used as a clock signal.
The whole forms a fundamental harmonic arrangement of four bronzes to jump ( Sib 2 - King 3 - Makes 3 - Sib 3), as was the custom in the Baroque era.
At the beginning of the twentieth century the task was entrusted to the bell of St. Anastasia . It was the Rengo, November 4 1918 , 10:30, playing a party to announce the armistice with Austria , the end of the First World War [9] . After the Second World War , the management of the bells of the tower passed to companies bell of Santa Maria in Organo (which in 1994 was absorbed by St. Anastasia )
The tower is now open to the public and you can get in the belfries thanks to the stairs or the elevator, enjoying the panoramic view of the city.
Last night, the 26th of July 2006 was Globitel's 10th anniversary. 10 years ago, 4 people "one was still in university" started this company and now we're leading the middle east into a new era of telephony solutions. this picture includes about 70% of the team. some members could not make it.
Please make a wish for this company to grow and expand and be a leader all around the world.
Best of luck and prosperity to the Team!
you can learn more about Globitel by visiting the website : www.Globitel.com
This is a representation of a "gateway" between the "normal" PSTN telephony system and WebRTC running on a browser
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, Zelfs in de meest afgelegen dorpen van Ghana heeft de bevolking een mobiele telefoon. 80% van de Ghanezen heeft een mobieltje. Een vast telefoonnet bestaat alleen in de stedelijke gebieden. De mobiele telefoon is niet meer weg te denken uit het dagelijkse leven. Hij wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt om familie in afgelegen gebieden te bereiken. Vodafone en MTN strijden om de hegemonie. Kleinere partijen zoals Tigo, Airtel, GLO en Zain vechten voor hun aandeel in de markt middles mega billboards en verkooppunten tot in de sloppenwijken in de hoofdstad Accra. MTN maakte in 2009 een omzet van 530 miljoen euro. Het in Zuid-Afrika gevestigde bedrijf heeft een huidige marktwaarde die gelijk staat aan twee keer keer het Bruto Nationaal Product van Ghana. Het prepaid principe maakt telefonie toegankelijk voor de allerarmsten. In 2011 was het minimaal te besteden prepaidbedrag omgerekend 3,5 eurocent in een land waar het gemiddelde dagloon één euro bedraagt. Voorbereidingen van de providers zijn in volle gang om ook het betalingsverkeer via de mobiele telefoon te laten verlopen. Met de komst van de mobiele telefoon is een groot deel van de bevolking officieus in kaart gebracht.
Africa, Ghana, 2011, Even in the most remote villages of Ghana, the population has a mobile phone. 80% of Ghanaians have a cell phone. A fixed line exists only in the urban areas. The mobile phone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It’s used primarily to reach family in remote areas. Vodafone and MTN battle for supremacy. Smaller parties such as Tigo, Airtel, GLO and Zain are fighting for their share of the market using mega billboards and shops right down to the slums in the capital of Accra. In 2009, MTN made a turnover of 530 million euros. The South African based company has a current market value equal to twice the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana. Prepaid phones have made telephony accessible to even the poorest. In 2011, the minimum prepaid amount to spend was 3.5 eurocents in a country where the average daily wage is one euro. Preparations of the providers are under way to introduce bank payments via mobile phone. Due to the registration of mobile phones a large proportion of the population has been mapped.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, selbst in den entlegensten Dörfern von Ghana, hat die Bevölkerung ein Mobiltelefon. 80% der Ghanaer hat ein Handy. Ein Festnetzanschluss existiert nur in den städtischen Gebieten. Das Mobiltelefon ist zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des täglichen Lebens. Es wird in erster Linie gebraucht um den Familien in abgelegenen Gebieten zu erreichen. Vodafone und MTN kämpfen um die Vorherrschaft. Kleinere Parteien wie Tigo, Airtel, GLO und Zain kämpfen für ihren Anteil an dem Markt middles mega Plakatwänden und Shops in den Slums in der Hauptstadt Accra. MTN hat im Jahr 2009 einen Umsatz von €530.000.000. Die südafrikanische Unternehmen hat aktuell ein Marktwert in Höhe von zweimal mal das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Ghana. Prepaid-Telefonie ist jetzt erreichbar zu den ärmsten. Im Jahr 2011, war die Minimumausgabe zu Prepaid-Betrag 3,5 Eurocent in einem Land, wo der durchschnittliche Tageslohn €1 ist. Die Vorbereitungen der Anbieter sind im Gange, um Bankzahlungen per Handy problemlos aufzunehmen. Durch das Aufkommen des Handys ist einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung inoffiziell registriert wurden.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, Kleine ondernemers zoeken hun geluk in het verkopen van beltegoed en mobiele telefoons en smartphones van veelal Chinese makelij. Zelfs in de meest afgelegen dorpen van Ghana heeft de bevolking een mobiele telefoon. 80% van de Ghanezen heeft een mobieltje. Een vast telefoonnet bestaat alleen in de stedelijke gebieden. De mobiele telefoon is niet meer weg te denken uit het dagelijkse leven. Hij wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt om familie in afgelegen gebieden te bereiken. Vodafone en MTN strijden om de hegemonie. Kleinere partijen zoals Tigo, Airtel, GLO en Zain vechten voor hun aandeel in de markt middles mega billboards en verkooppunten tot in de sloppenwijken in de hoofdstad Accra. MTN maakte in 2009 een omzet van 530 miljoen euro. Het in Zuid-Afrika gevestigde bedrijf heeft een huidige marktwaarde die gelijk staat aan twee keer keer het Bruto Nationaal Product van Ghana. Het prepaid principe maakt telefonie toegankelijk voor de allerarmsten. In 2011 was het minimaal te besteden prepaidbedrag omgerekend 3,5 eurocent in een land waar het gemiddelde dagloon één euro bedraagt. Voorbereidingen van de providers zijn in volle gang om ook het betalingsverkeer via de mobiele telefoon te laten verlopen. Met de komst van de mobiele telefoon is een groot deel van de bevolking officieus in kaart gebracht.
Africa, Ghana, 2011, Even in the most remote villages of Ghana, the population has a mobile phone. 80% of Ghanaians have a cell phone. A fixed line exists only in the urban areas. The mobile phone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It’s used primarily to reach family in remote areas. Vodafone and MTN battle for supremacy. Smaller parties such as Tigo, Airtel, GLO and Zain are fighting for their share of the market using mega billboards and shops right down to the slums in the capital of Accra. In 2009, MTN made a turnover of 530 million euros. The South African based company has a current market value equal to twice the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana. Prepaid phones have made telephony accessible to even the poorest. In 2011, the minimum prepaid amount to spend was 3.5 eurocents in a country where the average daily wage is one euro. Preparations of the providers are under way to introduce bank payments via mobile phone. Due to the registration of mobile phones a large proportion of the population has been mapped.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, selbst in den entlegensten Dörfern von Ghana, hat die Bevölkerung ein Mobiltelefon. 80% der Ghanaer hat ein Handy. Ein Festnetzanschluss existiert nur in den städtischen Gebieten. Das Mobiltelefon ist zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des täglichen Lebens. Es wird in erster Linie gebraucht um den Familien in abgelegenen Gebieten zu erreichen. Vodafone und MTN kämpfen um die Vorherrschaft. Kleinere Parteien wie Tigo, Airtel, GLO und Zain kämpfen für ihren Anteil an dem Markt middles mega Plakatwänden und Shops in den Slums in der Hauptstadt Accra. MTN hat im Jahr 2009 einen Umsatz von €530.000.000. Die südafrikanische Unternehmen hat aktuell ein Marktwert in Höhe von zweimal mal das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Ghana. Prepaid-Telefonie ist jetzt erreichbar zu den ärmsten. Im Jahr 2011, war die Minimumausgabe zu Prepaid-Betrag 3,5 Eurocent in einem Land, wo der durchschnittliche Tageslohn €1 ist. Die Vorbereitungen der Anbieter sind im Gange, um Bankzahlungen per Handy problemlos aufzunehmen. Durch das Aufkommen des Handys ist einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung inoffiziell registriert wurden.
Voronezh is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
History
The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan.
For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronezh in Ukraine). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.
The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi, Varna, Verona, Brno, etc.
A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus.
In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol.
Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (ворон) and hedgehog (еж) into Воронеж. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.
In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The city was named after the river.
17th to 19th centuries
In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line, Goto Predestinatsia. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh, was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate, which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate.
In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet, and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.
20th century
World War II
During World War II, Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad, and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev, and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
Until January 25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn, the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.
Post-war
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School, a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.
In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86, was built there.
In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".
21st century
From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development.
On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.
Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region. As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination.
In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion, forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself.
Administrative and municipal status
Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.
City divisions
The city is divided into six administrative districts:
Zheleznodorozhny (183,17 km²)
Tsentralny (63,96 km²)
Kominternovsky (47,41 km²)
Leninsky (18,53 km²)
Sovetsky (156,6 km²)
Levoberezhny (123,89 km²)
Economy
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering, metalworking, the electronics industry and the food industry.
In the city are such companies as:
Tupolev Tu-144
Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
Sozvezdie[36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories),
Voronezh Mechanical Plant[37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH[38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:.
Pirelli Voronezh.
On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.
Construction
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.
Clusters of Voronezh
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.
Geography
Urban layout
Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement (ostrog). In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower.
Climate
Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
Transportation
Air
The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport, which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport, a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo, Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers.[citation needed]
Rail
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.
Bus
There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, and Astrakhan.
Education and culture
Aviastroiteley Park
The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:
Voronezh State University
Voronezh State Technical University
Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
Voronezh State Pedagogical University
Voronezh State Agricultural University
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Voronezh State Academy of Arts
Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
Russian State University of Justice
Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
International Institute of Computer Technologies
Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law
and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.
Theaters
Voronezh Chamber Theatre
Koltsov Academic Drama Theater
Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre
Shut Puppet Theater
Festivals
Platonov International Arts Festival
Sports
ClubSportFoundedCurrent LeagueLeague
RankStadium
Fakel VoronezhFootball1947Russian Premier League1stTsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion
Energy VoronezhFootball1989Women's Premier League1stRudgormash Stadium
Buran VoronezhIce Hockey1977Higher Hockey League2ndYubileyny Sports Palace
VC VoronezhVolleyball2006Women's Higher Volleyball League A2ndKristall Sports Complex
Religion
Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh
Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh.[citation needed] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.
In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.
Cemeteries
There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:
Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
Lesnoye Cemetery
Jewish Cemetery
Nikolskoye Cemetery
Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
Podgorenskоye Cemetery
Kominternovskoe Cemetery
Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.
Born in Voronezh
18th century
Yevgeny Bolkhovitinov (1767–1837), Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia
Mikhail Pavlov (1792–1840), Russian academic and professor at Moscow University
19th century
1801–1850
Aleksey Koltsov (1809–1842), Russian poet
Ivan Nikitin (1824–1861), Russian poet
Nikolai Ge (1831–1894), Russian realist painter famous for his works on historical and religious motifs
Vasily Sleptsov (1836–1878), Russian writer and social reformer
Nikolay Kashkin (1839–1920), Russian music critic
1851–1900
Valentin Zhukovski (1858–1918), Russian orientalist
Vasily Goncharov (1861–1915), Russian film director and screenwriter, one of the pioneers of the film industry in the Russian Empire
Anastasiya Verbitskaya (1861–1928), Russian novelist, playwright, screenplay writer, publisher and feminist
Mikhail Olminsky (1863–1933), Russian Communist
Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), French surgeon of Russian extraction
Andrei Shingarev (1869–1918), Russian doctor, publicist and politician
Ivan Bunin (1870–1953), the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature
Alexander Ostuzhev (1874–1953), Russian and Soviet drama actor
Valerian Albanov (1881–1919), Russian navigator and polar explorer
Jan Hambourg (1882–1947), Russian violinist, a member of a famous musical family
Volin (1882–1945), anarchist
Boris Hambourg (1885–1954), Russian cellist who made his career in the USA, Canada, England and Europe
Boris Eikhenbaum (1886–1959), Russian and Soviet literary scholar, and historian of Russian literature
Anatoly Durov (1887–1928), Russian animal trainer
Samuil Marshak (1887–1964), Russian and Soviet writer, translator and children's poet
Eduard Shpolsky (1892–1975), Russian and Soviet physicist and educator
George of Syracuse (1893–1981), Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Yevgeny Gabrilovich (1899–1993), Soviet screenwriter
Semyon Krivoshein (1899–1978), Soviet tank commander; Lieutenant General
Andrei Platonov (1899–1951), Soviet Russian writer, playwright and poet
Ivan Pravov (1899–1971), Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter
William Dameshek (1900–1969), American hematologist
20th century
1901–1930
Ivan Nikolaev (1901–1979), Soviet architect and educator
Galina Shubina (1902–1980), Russian poster and graphics artist
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934
Yakov Kreizer (1905–1969), Soviet field commander, General of the army and Hero of the Soviet Union
Iosif Rudakovsky (1914–1947), Soviet chess master
Pawel Kassatkin (1915–1987), Russian writer
Alexander Shelepin (1918–1994), Soviet state security officer and party statesman
Grigory Baklanov (1923–2009), Russian writer
Gleb Strizhenov (1923–1985), Soviet actor
Vladimir Zagorovsky (1925–1994), Russian chess grandmaster of correspondence chess and the fourth ICCF World Champion between 1962 and 1965
Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009), cosmonaut and engineer
Vitaly Vorotnikov (1926–2012), Soviet statesman
Arkady Davidowitz (1930), writer and aphorist
1931–1950
Grigory Sanakoev (1935), Russian International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster, most famous for being the twelfth ICCF World Champion (1984–1991)
Yuri Zhuravlyov (1935), Russian mathematician
Mykola Koltsov (1936–2011), Soviet footballer and Ukrainian football children and youth trainer
Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov (1936), Russian composer
Iya Savvina (1936–2011), Soviet film actress
Tamara Zamotaylova (1939), Soviet gymnast, who won four Olympic medals at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
Yury Smolyakov (1941), Soviet Olympic fencer
Yevgeny Lapinsky (1942–1999), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Galina Bukharina (1945), Soviet athlete
Vladimir Patkin (1945), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Vladimir Proskurin (1945), Soviet Russian football player and coach
Aleksandr Maleyev (1947), Soviet artistic gymnast
Valeri Nenenko (1950), Russian professional football coach and player
1951–1970
Vladimir Rokhlin, Jr. (1952), Russian-American mathematician and professor of computer science and mathematics at the Yale University
Lyubov Burda (1953), Russian artistic gymnast
Mikhail Khryukin (1955), Russian swimmer
Aleksandr Tkachyov (1957), Russian gymnast and two times Olympic Champion
Nikolai Vasilyev (1957), Russian professional football coach and player
Aleksandr Babanov (1958), Russian professional football coach and player
Sergey Koliukh (1960), Russian political figure; 4th Mayor of Voronezh
Yelena Davydova (1961), Soviet gymnast
Aleksandr Borodyuk (1962), Russian football manager and former international player for USSR and Russia
Aleksandr Chayev (1962), Russian swimmer
Elena Fanailova (1962), Russian poet
Alexander Litvinenko (1962–2006), officer of the Russian FSB and political dissident
Yuri Shishkin (1963), Russian professional football coach and player
Yuri Klinskikh (1964–2000), Russian musician, singer, songwriter, arranger, founder rock band Sektor Gaza
Yelena Ruzina (1964), athlete
Igor Bragin (1965), footballer
Gennadi Remezov (1965), Russian professional footballer
Valeri Shmarov (1965), Russian football player and coach
Konstantin Chernyshov (1967), Russian chess grandmaster
Igor Pyvin (1967), Russian professional football coach and player
Vladimir Bobrezhov (1968), Soviet sprint canoer
1971–1980
Oleg Gorobiy (1971), Russian sprint canoer
Anatoli Kanishchev (1971), Russian professional association footballer
Ruslan Mashchenko (1971), Russian hurdler
Aleksandr Ovsyannikov (1974), Russian professional footballer
Dmitri Sautin (1974), Russian diver who has won more medals than any other Olympic diver
Sergey Verlin (1974), Russian sprint canoer
Maxim Narozhnyy (1975–2011), Paralympian athlete
Aleksandr Cherkes (1976), Russian football coach and player
Andrei Durov (1977), Russian professional footballer
Nikolai Kryukov (1978), Russian artistic gymnast
Kirill Gerstein (1979), Jewish American and Russian pianist
Evgeny Ignatov (1979), Russian sprint canoeist
Aleksey Nikolaev (1979), Russian-Uzbekistan footballer
Aleksandr Palchikov (1979), former Russian professional football player
Konstantin Skrylnikov (1979), Russian professional footballer
Aleksandr Varlamov (1979), Russian diver
Angelina Yushkova (1979), Russian gymnast
Maksim Potapov (1980), professional ice hockey player
1981–1990
Alexander Krysanov (1981), Russian professional ice hockey forward
Yulia Nachalova (1981–2019), Soviet and Russian singer, actress and television presenter
Andrei Ryabykh (1982), Russian football player
Maxim Shchyogolev (1982), Russian theatre and film actor
Eduard Vorganov (1982), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Anton Buslov (1983–2014), Russian astrophysicist, blogger, columnist at The New Times magazine and expert on transportation systems
Dmitri Grachyov (1983), Russian footballer
Aleksandr Kokorev (1984), Russian professional football player
Dmitry Kozonchuk (1984), Russian professional road bicycle racer for Team Katusha
Alexander Khatuntsev (1985), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Egor Vyaltsev (1985), Russian professional basketball player
Samvel Aslanyan (1986), Russian handball player
Maksim Chistyakov (1986), Russian football player
Yevgeniy Dorokhin (1986), Russian sprint canoer
Daniil Gridnev (1986), Russian professional footballer
Vladimir Moskalyov (1986), Russian football referee
Elena Danilova (1987), Russian football forward
Sektor Gaza (1987–2000), punk band
Regina Moroz (1987), Russian female volleyball player
Roman Shishkin (1987), Russian footballer
Viktor Stroyev (1987), Russian footballer
Elena Terekhova (1987), Russian international footballer
Natalia Goncharova (1988), Russian diver
Yelena Yudina (1988), Russian skeleton racer
Dmitry Abakumov (1989), Russian professional association football player
Igor Boev (1989), Russian professional racing cyclist
Ivan Dobronravov (1989), Russian actor
Anna Bogomazova (1990), Russian kickboxer, martial artist, professional wrestler and valet
Yuriy Kunakov (1990), Russian diver
Vitaly Melnikov (1990), Russian backstroke swimmer
Kristina Pravdina (1990), Russian female artistic gymnast
Vladislav Ryzhkov (1990), Russian footballer
1991–2000
Danila Poperechny (1994), Russian stand-up comedian, actor, youtuber, podcaster
Darya Stukalova (1994), Russian Paralympic swimmer
Viktoria Komova (1995), Russian Olympic gymnast
Vitali Lystsov (1995), Russian professional footballer
Marina Nekrasova (1995), Russian-born Azerbaijani artistic gymnast
Vladislav Parshikov (1996), Russian football player
Dmitri Skopintsev (1997), Russian footballer
Alexander Eickholtz (1998) American sportsman
Angelina Melnikova (2000), Russian Olympic gymnast
Lived in Voronezh
Aleksey Khovansky (1814–1899), editor
Ivan Kramskoi (1837–1887), Russian painter and art critic
Mitrofan Pyatnitsky (1864–1927), Russian musician
Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russian botanist
Alexander Kuprin (1880–1960), Russian painter, a member of the Jack of Diamonds group
Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937), Russian writer, went to school in Voronezh
Osip Mandelstam (1891–1938), Russian poet
Nadezhda Mandelstam (1899-1980), Russian writer
Gavriil Troyepolsky (1905–1995), Soviet writer
Nikolay Basov (1922–2001), Soviet physicist and educator
Vasily Peskov (1930–2013), Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveller and ecologist
Valentina Popova (1972), Russian weightlifter
Igor Samsonov, painter
Tatyana Zrazhevskaya, Russian boxer
The Torre dei Lamberti is a medieval tower in Verona , 84 meters high, which rises from Piazza Erbe , the ancient Roman Forum , in the historic center of the city .
With the exception of the Italian Telecom Tower in the district of San Michele Extra (149 meters) and the Borgo Roma Italy Telecom Tower (102 meters), as structures for telephony, the Torre dei Lamberti holds the record for tallest building in the city of Verona , followed by the white bell tower of the Cathedral , 74.9 meters high.
The origins
The tower was commissioned by the powerful family Lamberti (subsequently banished from Verona and extinct), which began to build it in the eleventh century . At that dates back to the lowest part in tan brick and tufa . In 1140 , in the middle age city, was elected to the civic tower was installed and the first bell , of which nothing is known. In 1272 the statutes stated that, in addition to the bell of ' Arengo (then known as Rengo, he called in the assembly meeting), there was also another, the Marangona (derived from "joiner", which in Veronese dialect means carpenter ), to signal the beginning and end of work activities [1] .
In the fourteenth century
In 1311 a bell was recast and a new addition, called the Consolata. In 1394 it fell to Gianfrancesco da Legnago redo the Rengo , which was then also used to scan the executions of death sentences, alarms, signs of fire, the gathering of the militia and the arrival of a plague. Were present at the bell, with the function of janitors, prison guards (the tower usually housed some prison) and lookouts. They were wrong salaried, but staying free of charge in the tower and were exempt from taxes and military obligations .
Venetian period
In May 1403 a bolt of lightning struck the top of the tower, and only in 1448 work began on the restoration and elevation. that lasted until 1464 . In 1406 the bell made ââa plea for the Venetian governor ( Verona recently came under the rule of the Venetian Republic ), maintained their privileges, from what he confirmed. Have come down to us the names of the players of the time: John Bonifacio from San Giovanni in Valle , Christopher Michael from St Nazaire , Benassù James from Santa Maria in Organo , John Nicholas Hood from San Fermo . In 1452 all'Archicampanista Gasparino from Vicenza was awarded the recasting of the bells Marangona and Rengo. In 1471 it was again rebuilt since the Marangona cracked. In the meantime ( 1464 ) ended the work of raising, bringing the tower to reach the 84 meters, completed in style Gothic , in its present form .
In 1521 the Bonaventurini [5] remade the Rengo, which was recast by them in 1557 , getting one that still rings on the tower, octagonal within the cell. In 1597 the dynasty Levo From recast the Marangona, as noted by the teacher Gardoni "Gothic in shape." We also know the identity of ringers into service in 1606 , Roger Minali and children, replaced in his role, from 1632 to 1797 by the family Tanara, in whose chronicles remember that their elderly was burned by a lightning while stretched out a window of tower; a young man fell from the same of their family without suffering any injury.
In the eighteenth century
The Lamberti Tower photographed from the bell tower of the Cathedral of Verona .
In 1779 the famous founder Joseph Ruffini prepared a bell of hours is (in agreement with the eighth Rengo) and another called Rabbiosa to complete the deal that appeared as:
Rengo : note is flat , fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 ;
Marangona : known Kings , melted by the Da Levo in 1597 ;
Angry : note Fa sharp , cast by Ruffini in 1779 ;
Consolata or Bajona : note the , fused by an unknown in 1311 ;
Doorbell hours : note is flat , fused by Ruffini in 1779 .
These are the bells that rang during the historical event of the Veronese Easters .
Also in 1779 there was a proposal to place a large clock on the tower, but the watchmaker who had to do the work died before they start. It was, in 1798 , Count John Sagramoso in place, at his own expense, the clock, replacing that of the nearby Torre del Gardello , who had stopped working for some time .
From the nineteenth century to the present day
In 1833 the Knight John Cavadini, director of a foundry bells rival that of his brother Francis, recast Marangona Rabbiosa Bajona and getting the current complex consists of:
Rengo : note is flat 2, diameter 184 cm, weight 4215 kg. Fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 . is one of the best bells Renaissance and from the point of view of acoustic and decorative, as well as a rarity for age and size.
Marangona : known Kings 3, diameter 130 cm, weight 1300 kg. Excellent and rich fusion of John Cavadini of 1833 . It is one of the best achievements of the period and, without doubt, the best of this smelter.
Bajona : note Fa 3, diameter 108 cm, weight 750 kg. Merged with the Marangona.
Bell : note is flat 3, diameter 82 cm, weight 330 kg. Fused by Ruffini in 1779 . It was used as a clock signal.
The whole forms a fundamental harmonic arrangement of four bronzes to jump ( Sib 2 - King 3 - Makes 3 - Sib 3), as was the custom in the Baroque era.
At the beginning of the twentieth century the task was entrusted to the bell of St. Anastasia . It was the Rengo, November 4 1918 , 10:30, playing a party to announce the armistice with Austria , the end of the First World War [9] . After the Second World War , the management of the bells of the tower passed to companies bell of Santa Maria in Organo (which in 1994 was absorbed by St. Anastasia )
The tower is now open to the public and you can get in the belfries thanks to the stairs or the elevator, enjoying the panoramic view of the city.
soundcloud.com/raquelle-official/11-telephonic-boy
wow it's been 2 months since I've done a photo hehe
World Health Organization (WHO): Electromagnetic fields and public health
Mobile telephony is now commonplace around the world. This wireless technology relies upon an extensive network of fixed antennas, or base stations, relaying information with radiofrequency (RF) signals. Over 1.4 million base stations exist worldwide and the number is increasing significantly with the introduction of third generation technology.
Other wireless networks that allow high-speed internet access and services, such as wireless local area networks (WLANs), are also increasingly common in homes, offices, and many public areas (airports, schools, residential and urban areas). As the number of base stations and local wireless networks increases, so does the RF exposure of the population. Recent surveys have shown that the RF exposures from base stations range from 0.002% to 2% of the levels of international exposure guidelines, depending on a variety of factors such as the proximity to the antenna and the surrounding environment. This is lower or comparable to RF exposures from radio or television broadcast transmitters.
There has been concern about possible health consequences from exposure to the RF fields produced by wireless technologies.
A common concern about base station and local wireless network antennas relates to the possible long-term health effects that whole-body exposure to the RF signals may have. To date, the only health effect from RF fields identified in scientific reviews has been related to an increase in body temperature (> 1 °C) from exposure at very high field intensity found only in certain industrial facilities, such as RF heaters. The levels of RF exposure from base stations and wireless networks are so low that the temperature increases are insignificant and do not affect human health.
The strength of RF fields is greatest at its source, and diminishes quickly with distance. Access near base station antennas is restricted where RF signals may exceed international exposure limits. Recent surveys have indicated that RF exposures from base stations and wireless technologies in publicly accessible areas (including schools and hospitals) are normally thousands of times below international standards.
In fact, due to their lower frequency, at similar RF exposure levels, the body absorbs up to five times more of the signal from FM radio and television than from base stations. This is because the frequencies used in FM radio (around 100 MHz) and in TV broadcasting (around 300 to 400 MHz) are lower than those employed in mobile telephony (900 MHz and 1800 MHz) and because a person's height makes the body an efficient receiving antenna. Further, radio and television broadcast stations have been in operation for the past 50 or more years without any adverse health consequence being established.
Some individuals have reported that they experience non-specific symptoms upon exposure to RF fields emitted from base stations and other EMF devices. As recognized in a recent WHO fact sheet "Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity", EMF has not been shown to cause such symptoms. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize the plight of people suffering from these symptoms.
The Great Patriotic War (Russian: Вели́кая Оте́чественная война́, romanized: Velikaja Otečestvennaja vojna) is a term used in Russia and some other former republics of the Soviet Union to describe the conflict fought during the period from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945 along the many fronts of the Eastern Front of World War II, primarily between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. For some legal purposes, this period may be extended to 11 May 1945 to include the end of the Prague offensive.
History
The term Patriotic War refers to the Russian resistance to the French invasion of Russia under Napoleon I, which became known as the Patriotic War of 1812. In Russian, the term отечественная война originally referred to a war on one's own territory (otechestvo means "the fatherland"), as opposed to a campaign abroad (заграничная война), and later was reinterpreted as a war for the fatherland, i.e. a defensive war for one's homeland. Sometimes the Patriotic War of 1812 was also referred to as the Great Patriotic War (Великая отечественная война); the phrase first appeared in 1844 and became popular on the eve of the centenary of the Patriotic War of 1812.
After 1914, the phrase was applied to World War I. It was the name of a special war-time appendix to the magazine Theater and Life (Театр и жизнь) in Saint Petersburg, and referred to the Eastern Front of World War I, where Russia fought against the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The phrases Second Patriotic War (Вторая отечественная война) and Great World Patriotic War (Великая всемирная отечественная война) were also used during World War I in Russia.
The term Great Patriotic War re-appeared in the official newspaper of the CPSU, Pravda, on 23 June 1941, just a day after Germany invaded the Soviet Union. It was found in the title of "The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People" (Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna Sovetskogo Naroda), a long article by Yemelyan Yaroslavsky, a member of Pravda editors' collegium. The phrase was intended to motivate the population to defend the Soviet fatherland and to expel the invader, and a reference to the Patriotic War of 1812 was seen as a great morale booster. During the Soviet period, historians engaged in huge distortions to make history fit with Communist ideology, with Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov and Prince Pyotr Bagration transformed into peasant generals, Alexander I alternatively ignored or vilified, and the war becoming a massive "People's War" fought by the ordinary people of Russia with almost no involvement on the part of the government. The invasion by Germany was called the Great Patriotic War by the Soviet government to evoke comparisons with the victory by Tsar Alexander I over Napoleon's invading army.
The term Отечественная война (Patriotic War or Fatherland War) was officially recognized by establishment of the Order of the Patriotic War on 20 May 1942, awarded for heroic deeds.
The term is not generally used outside the former Soviet Union, and the closest term is the Eastern Front of World War II (1941–1945). Neither term covers the initial phase of World War II in Eastern Europe, during which the USSR, then still in a non-aggression pact with Germany, invaded eastern Poland (1939), the Baltic states (1940), Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (1940) and Finland (1939–1940). The term also does not cover the Soviet–Japanese War (1945) nor the Battles of Khalkhin Gol (1939).
In Russia and some other post-Soviet countries, the term is given great significance; it is accepted as a representation of the most important part of World War II. Until 2014, Uzbekistan was the only nation in the Commonwealth of Independent States that had not recognized the term, referring to it as World War II on the state holiday - the Day of Remembrance and Honour.
On 9 April 2015, the Ukrainian parliament replaced the term Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) (Velyka vitchyzniana viina) in the country's law with the "Second World War (1939–1945)" (Druha svitova viina), as part of a set of decommunization laws. Also in 2015, Ukraine's "Victory Day over Nazism in World War II" was established as a national holiday in accordance with the law of "On Perpetuation of Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939–1945". The new holiday was celebrated on May 9 and replaced the Soviet-Russian Victory Day, which is celebrated on May 9. These laws were adopted by the Ukrainian parliament within the package of laws on decommunization. In 2023 Ukraine abolished the 2015 9 May "Victory Day over Nazism" holiday and replaced it with the new public holiday "Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939 – 1945" which is celebrated on 8 May annually.
Voronezh is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
History
The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan.
For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronezh in Ukraine). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.
The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi, Varna, Verona, Brno, etc.
A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus.
In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol.
Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (ворон) and hedgehog (еж) into Воронеж. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.
In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The city was named after the river.
17th to 19th centuries
In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line, Goto Predestinatsia. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh, was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate, which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate.
In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet, and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.
20th century
World War II
During World War II, Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad, and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev, and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
Until January 25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn, the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.
Post-war
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School, a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.
In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86, was built there.
In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".
21st century
From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development.
On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.
Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region. As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination.
In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion, forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself.
Administrative and municipal status
Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.
City divisions
The city is divided into six administrative districts:
Zheleznodorozhny (183,17 km²)
Tsentralny (63,96 km²)
Kominternovsky (47,41 km²)
Leninsky (18,53 km²)
Sovetsky (156,6 km²)
Levoberezhny (123,89 km²)
Economy
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering, metalworking, the electronics industry and the food industry.
In the city are such companies as:
Tupolev Tu-144
Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
Sozvezdie[36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories),
Voronezh Mechanical Plant[37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH[38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:.
Pirelli Voronezh.
On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.
Construction
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.
Clusters of Voronezh
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.
Geography
Urban layout
Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement (ostrog). In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower.
Climate
Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
Transportation
Air
The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport, which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport, a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo, Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers.[citation needed]
Rail
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.
Bus
There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, and Astrakhan.
Education and culture
Aviastroiteley Park
The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:
Voronezh State University
Voronezh State Technical University
Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
Voronezh State Pedagogical University
Voronezh State Agricultural University
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Voronezh State Academy of Arts
Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
Russian State University of Justice
Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
International Institute of Computer Technologies
Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law
and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.
Theaters
Voronezh Chamber Theatre
Koltsov Academic Drama Theater
Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre
Shut Puppet Theater
Festivals
Platonov International Arts Festival
Sports
ClubSportFoundedCurrent LeagueLeague
RankStadium
Fakel VoronezhFootball1947Russian Premier League1stTsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion
Energy VoronezhFootball1989Women's Premier League1stRudgormash Stadium
Buran VoronezhIce Hockey1977Higher Hockey League2ndYubileyny Sports Palace
VC VoronezhVolleyball2006Women's Higher Volleyball League A2ndKristall Sports Complex
Religion
Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh
Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh.[citation needed] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.
In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.
Cemeteries
There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:
Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
Lesnoye Cemetery
Jewish Cemetery
Nikolskoye Cemetery
Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
Podgorenskоye Cemetery
Kominternovskoe Cemetery
Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.
Born in Voronezh
18th century
Yevgeny Bolkhovitinov (1767–1837), Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia
Mikhail Pavlov (1792–1840), Russian academic and professor at Moscow University
19th century
1801–1850
Aleksey Koltsov (1809–1842), Russian poet
Ivan Nikitin (1824–1861), Russian poet
Nikolai Ge (1831–1894), Russian realist painter famous for his works on historical and religious motifs
Vasily Sleptsov (1836–1878), Russian writer and social reformer
Nikolay Kashkin (1839–1920), Russian music critic
1851–1900
Valentin Zhukovski (1858–1918), Russian orientalist
Vasily Goncharov (1861–1915), Russian film director and screenwriter, one of the pioneers of the film industry in the Russian Empire
Anastasiya Verbitskaya (1861–1928), Russian novelist, playwright, screenplay writer, publisher and feminist
Mikhail Olminsky (1863–1933), Russian Communist
Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), French surgeon of Russian extraction
Andrei Shingarev (1869–1918), Russian doctor, publicist and politician
Ivan Bunin (1870–1953), the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature
Alexander Ostuzhev (1874–1953), Russian and Soviet drama actor
Valerian Albanov (1881–1919), Russian navigator and polar explorer
Jan Hambourg (1882–1947), Russian violinist, a member of a famous musical family
Volin (1882–1945), anarchist
Boris Hambourg (1885–1954), Russian cellist who made his career in the USA, Canada, England and Europe
Boris Eikhenbaum (1886–1959), Russian and Soviet literary scholar, and historian of Russian literature
Anatoly Durov (1887–1928), Russian animal trainer
Samuil Marshak (1887–1964), Russian and Soviet writer, translator and children's poet
Eduard Shpolsky (1892–1975), Russian and Soviet physicist and educator
George of Syracuse (1893–1981), Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Yevgeny Gabrilovich (1899–1993), Soviet screenwriter
Semyon Krivoshein (1899–1978), Soviet tank commander; Lieutenant General
Andrei Platonov (1899–1951), Soviet Russian writer, playwright and poet
Ivan Pravov (1899–1971), Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter
William Dameshek (1900–1969), American hematologist
20th century
1901–1930
Ivan Nikolaev (1901–1979), Soviet architect and educator
Galina Shubina (1902–1980), Russian poster and graphics artist
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934
Yakov Kreizer (1905–1969), Soviet field commander, General of the army and Hero of the Soviet Union
Iosif Rudakovsky (1914–1947), Soviet chess master
Pawel Kassatkin (1915–1987), Russian writer
Alexander Shelepin (1918–1994), Soviet state security officer and party statesman
Grigory Baklanov (1923–2009), Russian writer
Gleb Strizhenov (1923–1985), Soviet actor
Vladimir Zagorovsky (1925–1994), Russian chess grandmaster of correspondence chess and the fourth ICCF World Champion between 1962 and 1965
Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009), cosmonaut and engineer
Vitaly Vorotnikov (1926–2012), Soviet statesman
Arkady Davidowitz (1930), writer and aphorist
1931–1950
Grigory Sanakoev (1935), Russian International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster, most famous for being the twelfth ICCF World Champion (1984–1991)
Yuri Zhuravlyov (1935), Russian mathematician
Mykola Koltsov (1936–2011), Soviet footballer and Ukrainian football children and youth trainer
Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov (1936), Russian composer
Iya Savvina (1936–2011), Soviet film actress
Tamara Zamotaylova (1939), Soviet gymnast, who won four Olympic medals at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
Yury Smolyakov (1941), Soviet Olympic fencer
Yevgeny Lapinsky (1942–1999), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Galina Bukharina (1945), Soviet athlete
Vladimir Patkin (1945), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Vladimir Proskurin (1945), Soviet Russian football player and coach
Aleksandr Maleyev (1947), Soviet artistic gymnast
Valeri Nenenko (1950), Russian professional football coach and player
1951–1970
Vladimir Rokhlin, Jr. (1952), Russian-American mathematician and professor of computer science and mathematics at the Yale University
Lyubov Burda (1953), Russian artistic gymnast
Mikhail Khryukin (1955), Russian swimmer
Aleksandr Tkachyov (1957), Russian gymnast and two times Olympic Champion
Nikolai Vasilyev (1957), Russian professional football coach and player
Aleksandr Babanov (1958), Russian professional football coach and player
Sergey Koliukh (1960), Russian political figure; 4th Mayor of Voronezh
Yelena Davydova (1961), Soviet gymnast
Aleksandr Borodyuk (1962), Russian football manager and former international player for USSR and Russia
Aleksandr Chayev (1962), Russian swimmer
Elena Fanailova (1962), Russian poet
Alexander Litvinenko (1962–2006), officer of the Russian FSB and political dissident
Yuri Shishkin (1963), Russian professional football coach and player
Yuri Klinskikh (1964–2000), Russian musician, singer, songwriter, arranger, founder rock band Sektor Gaza
Yelena Ruzina (1964), athlete
Igor Bragin (1965), footballer
Gennadi Remezov (1965), Russian professional footballer
Valeri Shmarov (1965), Russian football player and coach
Konstantin Chernyshov (1967), Russian chess grandmaster
Igor Pyvin (1967), Russian professional football coach and player
Vladimir Bobrezhov (1968), Soviet sprint canoer
1971–1980
Oleg Gorobiy (1971), Russian sprint canoer
Anatoli Kanishchev (1971), Russian professional association footballer
Ruslan Mashchenko (1971), Russian hurdler
Aleksandr Ovsyannikov (1974), Russian professional footballer
Dmitri Sautin (1974), Russian diver who has won more medals than any other Olympic diver
Sergey Verlin (1974), Russian sprint canoer
Maxim Narozhnyy (1975–2011), Paralympian athlete
Aleksandr Cherkes (1976), Russian football coach and player
Andrei Durov (1977), Russian professional footballer
Nikolai Kryukov (1978), Russian artistic gymnast
Kirill Gerstein (1979), Jewish American and Russian pianist
Evgeny Ignatov (1979), Russian sprint canoeist
Aleksey Nikolaev (1979), Russian-Uzbekistan footballer
Aleksandr Palchikov (1979), former Russian professional football player
Konstantin Skrylnikov (1979), Russian professional footballer
Aleksandr Varlamov (1979), Russian diver
Angelina Yushkova (1979), Russian gymnast
Maksim Potapov (1980), professional ice hockey player
1981–1990
Alexander Krysanov (1981), Russian professional ice hockey forward
Yulia Nachalova (1981–2019), Soviet and Russian singer, actress and television presenter
Andrei Ryabykh (1982), Russian football player
Maxim Shchyogolev (1982), Russian theatre and film actor
Eduard Vorganov (1982), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Anton Buslov (1983–2014), Russian astrophysicist, blogger, columnist at The New Times magazine and expert on transportation systems
Dmitri Grachyov (1983), Russian footballer
Aleksandr Kokorev (1984), Russian professional football player
Dmitry Kozonchuk (1984), Russian professional road bicycle racer for Team Katusha
Alexander Khatuntsev (1985), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Egor Vyaltsev (1985), Russian professional basketball player
Samvel Aslanyan (1986), Russian handball player
Maksim Chistyakov (1986), Russian football player
Yevgeniy Dorokhin (1986), Russian sprint canoer
Daniil Gridnev (1986), Russian professional footballer
Vladimir Moskalyov (1986), Russian football referee
Elena Danilova (1987), Russian football forward
Sektor Gaza (1987–2000), punk band
Regina Moroz (1987), Russian female volleyball player
Roman Shishkin (1987), Russian footballer
Viktor Stroyev (1987), Russian footballer
Elena Terekhova (1987), Russian international footballer
Natalia Goncharova (1988), Russian diver
Yelena Yudina (1988), Russian skeleton racer
Dmitry Abakumov (1989), Russian professional association football player
Igor Boev (1989), Russian professional racing cyclist
Ivan Dobronravov (1989), Russian actor
Anna Bogomazova (1990), Russian kickboxer, martial artist, professional wrestler and valet
Yuriy Kunakov (1990), Russian diver
Vitaly Melnikov (1990), Russian backstroke swimmer
Kristina Pravdina (1990), Russian female artistic gymnast
Vladislav Ryzhkov (1990), Russian footballer
1991–2000
Danila Poperechny (1994), Russian stand-up comedian, actor, youtuber, podcaster
Darya Stukalova (1994), Russian Paralympic swimmer
Viktoria Komova (1995), Russian Olympic gymnast
Vitali Lystsov (1995), Russian professional footballer
Marina Nekrasova (1995), Russian-born Azerbaijani artistic gymnast
Vladislav Parshikov (1996), Russian football player
Dmitri Skopintsev (1997), Russian footballer
Alexander Eickholtz (1998) American sportsman
Angelina Melnikova (2000), Russian Olympic gymnast
Lived in Voronezh
Aleksey Khovansky (1814–1899), editor
Ivan Kramskoi (1837–1887), Russian painter and art critic
Mitrofan Pyatnitsky (1864–1927), Russian musician
Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russian botanist
Alexander Kuprin (1880–1960), Russian painter, a member of the Jack of Diamonds group
Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937), Russian writer, went to school in Voronezh
Osip Mandelstam (1891–1938), Russian poet
Nadezhda Mandelstam (1899-1980), Russian writer
Gavriil Troyepolsky (1905–1995), Soviet writer
Nikolay Basov (1922–2001), Soviet physicist and educator
Vasily Peskov (1930–2013), Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveller and ecologist
Valentina Popova (1972), Russian weightlifter
Igor Samsonov, painter
Tatyana Zrazhevskaya, Russian boxer
The Torre dei Lamberti is a medieval tower in Verona , 84 meters high, which rises from Piazza Erbe , the ancient Roman Forum , in the historic center of the city .
With the exception of the Italian Telecom Tower in the district of San Michele Extra (149 meters) and the Borgo Roma Italy Telecom Tower (102 meters), as structures for telephony, the Torre dei Lamberti holds the record for tallest building in the city of Verona , followed by the white bell tower of the Cathedral , 74.9 meters high.
The origins
The tower was commissioned by the powerful family Lamberti (subsequently banished from Verona and extinct), which began to build it in the eleventh century . At that dates back to the lowest part in tan brick and tufa . In 1140 , in the middle age city, was elected to the civic tower was installed and the first bell , of which nothing is known. In 1272 the statutes stated that, in addition to the bell of ' Arengo (then known as Rengo, he called in the assembly meeting), there was also another, the Marangona (derived from "joiner", which in Veronese dialect means carpenter ), to signal the beginning and end of work activities [1] .
In the fourteenth century
In 1311 a bell was recast and a new addition, called the Consolata. In 1394 it fell to Gianfrancesco da Legnago redo the Rengo , which was then also used to scan the executions of death sentences, alarms, signs of fire, the gathering of the militia and the arrival of a plague. Were present at the bell, with the function of janitors, prison guards (the tower usually housed some prison) and lookouts. They were wrong salaried, but staying free of charge in the tower and were exempt from taxes and military obligations .
Venetian period
In May 1403 a bolt of lightning struck the top of the tower, and only in 1448 work began on the restoration and elevation. that lasted until 1464 . In 1406 the bell made ââa plea for the Venetian governor ( Verona recently came under the rule of the Venetian Republic ), maintained their privileges, from what he confirmed. Have come down to us the names of the players of the time: John Bonifacio from San Giovanni in Valle , Christopher Michael from St Nazaire , Benassù James from Santa Maria in Organo , John Nicholas Hood from San Fermo . In 1452 all'Archicampanista Gasparino from Vicenza was awarded the recasting of the bells Marangona and Rengo. In 1471 it was again rebuilt since the Marangona cracked. In the meantime ( 1464 ) ended the work of raising, bringing the tower to reach the 84 meters, completed in style Gothic , in its present form .
In 1521 the Bonaventurini [5] remade the Rengo, which was recast by them in 1557 , getting one that still rings on the tower, octagonal within the cell. In 1597 the dynasty Levo From recast the Marangona, as noted by the teacher Gardoni "Gothic in shape." We also know the identity of ringers into service in 1606 , Roger Minali and children, replaced in his role, from 1632 to 1797 by the family Tanara, in whose chronicles remember that their elderly was burned by a lightning while stretched out a window of tower; a young man fell from the same of their family without suffering any injury.
In the eighteenth century
The Lamberti Tower photographed from the bell tower of the Cathedral of Verona .
In 1779 the famous founder Joseph Ruffini prepared a bell of hours is (in agreement with the eighth Rengo) and another called Rabbiosa to complete the deal that appeared as:
Rengo : note is flat , fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 ;
Marangona : known Kings , melted by the Da Levo in 1597 ;
Angry : note Fa sharp , cast by Ruffini in 1779 ;
Consolata or Bajona : note the , fused by an unknown in 1311 ;
Doorbell hours : note is flat , fused by Ruffini in 1779 .
These are the bells that rang during the historical event of the Veronese Easters .
Also in 1779 there was a proposal to place a large clock on the tower, but the watchmaker who had to do the work died before they start. It was, in 1798 , Count John Sagramoso in place, at his own expense, the clock, replacing that of the nearby Torre del Gardello , who had stopped working for some time .
From the nineteenth century to the present day
In 1833 the Knight John Cavadini, director of a foundry bells rival that of his brother Francis, recast Marangona Rabbiosa Bajona and getting the current complex consists of:
Rengo : note is flat 2, diameter 184 cm, weight 4215 kg. Fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 . is one of the best bells Renaissance and from the point of view of acoustic and decorative, as well as a rarity for age and size.
Marangona : known Kings 3, diameter 130 cm, weight 1300 kg. Excellent and rich fusion of John Cavadini of 1833 . It is one of the best achievements of the period and, without doubt, the best of this smelter.
Bajona : note Fa 3, diameter 108 cm, weight 750 kg. Merged with the Marangona.
Bell : note is flat 3, diameter 82 cm, weight 330 kg. Fused by Ruffini in 1779 . It was used as a clock signal.
The whole forms a fundamental harmonic arrangement of four bronzes to jump ( Sib 2 - King 3 - Makes 3 - Sib 3), as was the custom in the Baroque era.
At the beginning of the twentieth century the task was entrusted to the bell of St. Anastasia . It was the Rengo, November 4 1918 , 10:30, playing a party to announce the armistice with Austria , the end of the First World War [9] . After the Second World War , the management of the bells of the tower passed to companies bell of Santa Maria in Organo (which in 1994 was absorbed by St. Anastasia )
The tower is now open to the public and you can get in the belfries thanks to the stairs or the elevator, enjoying the panoramic view of the city.
c1910 postcard view of the Washington Park entrance at Michigan City, Indiana. This was the north end of Franklin Street and the photographer was facing west-northwest. The Indiana Transportation Company’s dock and the ship were the focus of the postcard, but the radio tower and the crowd were unmistakable as well. The Franklin Street Bridge was outside of this scene on the right and the group of women (some with parasols) at the left edge of this scene was walking along Franklin Street toward the bridge. At the bottom edge of the scene, the taxi and two automobiles were parked along Franklin Street.
The sign on the radio antenna tower advertised the GREAT LAKES RADIO TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH CO. This was new technology. A 1907 report¹ stated, “The first actual application of radio telephony to practical work anywhere in the world was made at Put-in-Bay, in Lake Erie, during the week of July 15 to 20, in reporting the regatta of the Interlake Association…. The greatest distance at which the reports from the yachts was heard and recorded was four miles.”
The ship at the dock was probably the steamer SS Roosevelt. A 1908 advertisement² for the Indiana Transportation Company’s “Michigan City and Chicago Line” mentioned the “new S. S. Theodore Roosevelt, the fastest, largest and finest ship crossing Lake Michigan.” The Michigan City dock was listed as the “Franklin Street Bridge.” The Chicago docks were the “Sibley Warehouse” for freight and the “Clark Street Bridge” for passengers.
1. T. C. Martin and W. D. Weaver, editors, The Electrical World, Volume L (New York, NY: McGraw Publishing Co., 1907), page 293. Available online at archive.org/stream/electricalworld50newy#page/n5/mode/2up.
2. The Official Railway Guide: North American Freight Service Edition (New York: National Railway Publication Co., 1908). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=kLgbTCc-AOcC&printsec=front....
From the collection of Jane Lyle.
Selected close-up sections of this postcard can be seen here, from left to right in the image.
www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/6036501554/in...
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Copyright 2004-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.
If you need an extra phone line for your home office, your children or your flatmate, but do not want to pay for an extra line, Supanet has the solution for you.
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A graphic detail of the Intel Mother Board D954GCLF2. A Dual Core 1.6ghz ATOM CPU.
A great start for your Asterisk system. Just add case, 2gb RAM, SATA-II disk, Optical drive, PCI Telephony card, CentOS 5.4 (Operating System) and Asterisk 1.4.26 (The Telephony software).
See example case at www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/4328364728/
See PCI telephony card at: www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/4395310259/
For you old timer this Mother Board supports P/S2 Mouse and Keyboard. Ideal for those with KVM switches.
Keep in mind this MOBO supports a Full length PCI 2.2 32-Bit card.
This board has been seen on Newegg and Tigerdirect.
This board is now getting a little harder to get. Try searching eBay for "Intel D945GCLF2".
Radio servicing workshop
This is a photograph of an RAF radio engineer servicing equipment in a workshop at the Wireless Telephony School in Chattis Hill, Stockbridge. Increasingly effective communications technology played an important role in the development of the RAF.
© Arjan Dieleman photography...
You can buy prints here : society6.com/fotohoek
fotohoek@live.nl
06 12374994 / +316 12374994
Our friend from Uganda. Amid our conversation his mobile phone rings and he is busy checking the number of the caller.
Voronezh is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
History
The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan.
For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronezh in Ukraine). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.
The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi, Varna, Verona, Brno, etc.
A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus.
In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol.
Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (ворон) and hedgehog (еж) into Воронеж. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.
In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The city was named after the river.
17th to 19th centuries
In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line, Goto Predestinatsia. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh, was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate, which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate.
In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet, and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.
20th century
World War II
During World War II, Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad, and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev, and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
Until January 25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn, the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive, and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.
Post-war
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School, a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.
In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86, was built there.
In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".
21st century
From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development.
On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.
Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region. As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination.
In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion, forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself.
Administrative and municipal status
Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.
City divisions
The city is divided into six administrative districts:
Zheleznodorozhny (183,17 km²)
Tsentralny (63,96 km²)
Kominternovsky (47,41 km²)
Leninsky (18,53 km²)
Sovetsky (156,6 km²)
Levoberezhny (123,89 km²)
Economy
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering, metalworking, the electronics industry and the food industry.
In the city are such companies as:
Tupolev Tu-144
Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
Sozvezdie[36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories),
Voronezh Mechanical Plant[37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH[38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:.
Pirelli Voronezh.
On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.
Construction
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.
Clusters of Voronezh
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.
Geography
Urban layout
Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement (ostrog). In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower.
Climate
Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
Transportation
Air
The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport, which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport, a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo, Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers.[citation needed]
Rail
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.
Bus
There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, and Astrakhan.
Education and culture
Aviastroiteley Park
The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:
Voronezh State University
Voronezh State Technical University
Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
Voronezh State Pedagogical University
Voronezh State Agricultural University
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Voronezh State Academy of Arts
Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
Russian State University of Justice
Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
International Institute of Computer Technologies
Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law
and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.
Theaters
Voronezh Chamber Theatre
Koltsov Academic Drama Theater
Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre
Shut Puppet Theater
Festivals
Platonov International Arts Festival
Sports
ClubSportFoundedCurrent LeagueLeague
RankStadium
Fakel VoronezhFootball1947Russian Premier League1stTsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion
Energy VoronezhFootball1989Women's Premier League1stRudgormash Stadium
Buran VoronezhIce Hockey1977Higher Hockey League2ndYubileyny Sports Palace
VC VoronezhVolleyball2006Women's Higher Volleyball League A2ndKristall Sports Complex
Religion
Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh
Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh.[citation needed] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.
In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.
Cemeteries
There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:
Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
Lesnoye Cemetery
Jewish Cemetery
Nikolskoye Cemetery
Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
Podgorenskоye Cemetery
Kominternovskoe Cemetery
Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.
Born in Voronezh
18th century
Yevgeny Bolkhovitinov (1767–1837), Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia
Mikhail Pavlov (1792–1840), Russian academic and professor at Moscow University
19th century
1801–1850
Aleksey Koltsov (1809–1842), Russian poet
Ivan Nikitin (1824–1861), Russian poet
Nikolai Ge (1831–1894), Russian realist painter famous for his works on historical and religious motifs
Vasily Sleptsov (1836–1878), Russian writer and social reformer
Nikolay Kashkin (1839–1920), Russian music critic
1851–1900
Valentin Zhukovski (1858–1918), Russian orientalist
Vasily Goncharov (1861–1915), Russian film director and screenwriter, one of the pioneers of the film industry in the Russian Empire
Anastasiya Verbitskaya (1861–1928), Russian novelist, playwright, screenplay writer, publisher and feminist
Mikhail Olminsky (1863–1933), Russian Communist
Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), French surgeon of Russian extraction
Andrei Shingarev (1869–1918), Russian doctor, publicist and politician
Ivan Bunin (1870–1953), the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature
Alexander Ostuzhev (1874–1953), Russian and Soviet drama actor
Valerian Albanov (1881–1919), Russian navigator and polar explorer
Jan Hambourg (1882–1947), Russian violinist, a member of a famous musical family
Volin (1882–1945), anarchist
Boris Hambourg (1885–1954), Russian cellist who made his career in the USA, Canada, England and Europe
Boris Eikhenbaum (1886–1959), Russian and Soviet literary scholar, and historian of Russian literature
Anatoly Durov (1887–1928), Russian animal trainer
Samuil Marshak (1887–1964), Russian and Soviet writer, translator and children's poet
Eduard Shpolsky (1892–1975), Russian and Soviet physicist and educator
George of Syracuse (1893–1981), Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Yevgeny Gabrilovich (1899–1993), Soviet screenwriter
Semyon Krivoshein (1899–1978), Soviet tank commander; Lieutenant General
Andrei Platonov (1899–1951), Soviet Russian writer, playwright and poet
Ivan Pravov (1899–1971), Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter
William Dameshek (1900–1969), American hematologist
20th century
1901–1930
Ivan Nikolaev (1901–1979), Soviet architect and educator
Galina Shubina (1902–1980), Russian poster and graphics artist
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934
Yakov Kreizer (1905–1969), Soviet field commander, General of the army and Hero of the Soviet Union
Iosif Rudakovsky (1914–1947), Soviet chess master
Pawel Kassatkin (1915–1987), Russian writer
Alexander Shelepin (1918–1994), Soviet state security officer and party statesman
Grigory Baklanov (1923–2009), Russian writer
Gleb Strizhenov (1923–1985), Soviet actor
Vladimir Zagorovsky (1925–1994), Russian chess grandmaster of correspondence chess and the fourth ICCF World Champion between 1962 and 1965
Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009), cosmonaut and engineer
Vitaly Vorotnikov (1926–2012), Soviet statesman
Arkady Davidowitz (1930), writer and aphorist
1931–1950
Grigory Sanakoev (1935), Russian International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster, most famous for being the twelfth ICCF World Champion (1984–1991)
Yuri Zhuravlyov (1935), Russian mathematician
Mykola Koltsov (1936–2011), Soviet footballer and Ukrainian football children and youth trainer
Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov (1936), Russian composer
Iya Savvina (1936–2011), Soviet film actress
Tamara Zamotaylova (1939), Soviet gymnast, who won four Olympic medals at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
Yury Smolyakov (1941), Soviet Olympic fencer
Yevgeny Lapinsky (1942–1999), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Galina Bukharina (1945), Soviet athlete
Vladimir Patkin (1945), Soviet Olympic volleyball player
Vladimir Proskurin (1945), Soviet Russian football player and coach
Aleksandr Maleyev (1947), Soviet artistic gymnast
Valeri Nenenko (1950), Russian professional football coach and player
1951–1970
Vladimir Rokhlin, Jr. (1952), Russian-American mathematician and professor of computer science and mathematics at the Yale University
Lyubov Burda (1953), Russian artistic gymnast
Mikhail Khryukin (1955), Russian swimmer
Aleksandr Tkachyov (1957), Russian gymnast and two times Olympic Champion
Nikolai Vasilyev (1957), Russian professional football coach and player
Aleksandr Babanov (1958), Russian professional football coach and player
Sergey Koliukh (1960), Russian political figure; 4th Mayor of Voronezh
Yelena Davydova (1961), Soviet gymnast
Aleksandr Borodyuk (1962), Russian football manager and former international player for USSR and Russia
Aleksandr Chayev (1962), Russian swimmer
Elena Fanailova (1962), Russian poet
Alexander Litvinenko (1962–2006), officer of the Russian FSB and political dissident
Yuri Shishkin (1963), Russian professional football coach and player
Yuri Klinskikh (1964–2000), Russian musician, singer, songwriter, arranger, founder rock band Sektor Gaza
Yelena Ruzina (1964), athlete
Igor Bragin (1965), footballer
Gennadi Remezov (1965), Russian professional footballer
Valeri Shmarov (1965), Russian football player and coach
Konstantin Chernyshov (1967), Russian chess grandmaster
Igor Pyvin (1967), Russian professional football coach and player
Vladimir Bobrezhov (1968), Soviet sprint canoer
1971–1980
Oleg Gorobiy (1971), Russian sprint canoer
Anatoli Kanishchev (1971), Russian professional association footballer
Ruslan Mashchenko (1971), Russian hurdler
Aleksandr Ovsyannikov (1974), Russian professional footballer
Dmitri Sautin (1974), Russian diver who has won more medals than any other Olympic diver
Sergey Verlin (1974), Russian sprint canoer
Maxim Narozhnyy (1975–2011), Paralympian athlete
Aleksandr Cherkes (1976), Russian football coach and player
Andrei Durov (1977), Russian professional footballer
Nikolai Kryukov (1978), Russian artistic gymnast
Kirill Gerstein (1979), Jewish American and Russian pianist
Evgeny Ignatov (1979), Russian sprint canoeist
Aleksey Nikolaev (1979), Russian-Uzbekistan footballer
Aleksandr Palchikov (1979), former Russian professional football player
Konstantin Skrylnikov (1979), Russian professional footballer
Aleksandr Varlamov (1979), Russian diver
Angelina Yushkova (1979), Russian gymnast
Maksim Potapov (1980), professional ice hockey player
1981–1990
Alexander Krysanov (1981), Russian professional ice hockey forward
Yulia Nachalova (1981–2019), Soviet and Russian singer, actress and television presenter
Andrei Ryabykh (1982), Russian football player
Maxim Shchyogolev (1982), Russian theatre and film actor
Eduard Vorganov (1982), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Anton Buslov (1983–2014), Russian astrophysicist, blogger, columnist at The New Times magazine and expert on transportation systems
Dmitri Grachyov (1983), Russian footballer
Aleksandr Kokorev (1984), Russian professional football player
Dmitry Kozonchuk (1984), Russian professional road bicycle racer for Team Katusha
Alexander Khatuntsev (1985), Russian professional road bicycle racer
Egor Vyaltsev (1985), Russian professional basketball player
Samvel Aslanyan (1986), Russian handball player
Maksim Chistyakov (1986), Russian football player
Yevgeniy Dorokhin (1986), Russian sprint canoer
Daniil Gridnev (1986), Russian professional footballer
Vladimir Moskalyov (1986), Russian football referee
Elena Danilova (1987), Russian football forward
Sektor Gaza (1987–2000), punk band
Regina Moroz (1987), Russian female volleyball player
Roman Shishkin (1987), Russian footballer
Viktor Stroyev (1987), Russian footballer
Elena Terekhova (1987), Russian international footballer
Natalia Goncharova (1988), Russian diver
Yelena Yudina (1988), Russian skeleton racer
Dmitry Abakumov (1989), Russian professional association football player
Igor Boev (1989), Russian professional racing cyclist
Ivan Dobronravov (1989), Russian actor
Anna Bogomazova (1990), Russian kickboxer, martial artist, professional wrestler and valet
Yuriy Kunakov (1990), Russian diver
Vitaly Melnikov (1990), Russian backstroke swimmer
Kristina Pravdina (1990), Russian female artistic gymnast
Vladislav Ryzhkov (1990), Russian footballer
1991–2000
Danila Poperechny (1994), Russian stand-up comedian, actor, youtuber, podcaster
Darya Stukalova (1994), Russian Paralympic swimmer
Viktoria Komova (1995), Russian Olympic gymnast
Vitali Lystsov (1995), Russian professional footballer
Marina Nekrasova (1995), Russian-born Azerbaijani artistic gymnast
Vladislav Parshikov (1996), Russian football player
Dmitri Skopintsev (1997), Russian footballer
Alexander Eickholtz (1998) American sportsman
Angelina Melnikova (2000), Russian Olympic gymnast
Lived in Voronezh
Aleksey Khovansky (1814–1899), editor
Ivan Kramskoi (1837–1887), Russian painter and art critic
Mitrofan Pyatnitsky (1864–1927), Russian musician
Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919), Russian botanist
Alexander Kuprin (1880–1960), Russian painter, a member of the Jack of Diamonds group
Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937), Russian writer, went to school in Voronezh
Osip Mandelstam (1891–1938), Russian poet
Nadezhda Mandelstam (1899-1980), Russian writer
Gavriil Troyepolsky (1905–1995), Soviet writer
Nikolay Basov (1922–2001), Soviet physicist and educator
Vasily Peskov (1930–2013), Russian writer, journalist, photographer, traveller and ecologist
Valentina Popova (1972), Russian weightlifter
Igor Samsonov, painter
Tatyana Zrazhevskaya, Russian boxer
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, Met felle kleuren, enorme billboards en vele beloftes proberen de telecomproviders nieuwe klanten te binden. Voor het opschilderen van je huis in Vodafone of MTN kleuren krijgt men een kleine vergoeding. Zelfs in de meest afgelegen dorpen van Ghana heeft de bevolking een mobiele telefoon. 80% van de Ghanezen heeft een mobieltje. Een vast telefoonnet bestaat alleen in de stedelijke gebieden. De mobiele telefoon is niet meer weg te denken uit het dagelijkse leven. Hij wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt om familie in afgelegen gebieden te bereiken. Vodafone en MTN strijden om de hegemonie. Kleinere partijen zoals Tigo, Airtel, GLO en Zain vechten voor hun aandeel in de markt middles mega billboards en verkooppunten tot in de sloppenwijken in de hoofdstad Accra. MTN maakte in 2009 een omzet van 530 miljoen euro. Het in Zuid-Afrika gevestigde bedrijf heeft een huidige marktwaarde die gelijk staat aan twee keer keer het Bruto Nationaal Product van Ghana. Het prepaid principe maakt telefonie toegankelijk voor de allerarmsten. In 2011 was het minimaal te besteden prepaidbedrag omgerekend 3,5 eurocent in een land waar het gemiddelde dagloon één euro bedraagt. Voorbereidingen van de providers zijn in volle gang om ook het betalingsverkeer via de mobiele telefoon te laten verlopen. Met de komst van de mobiele telefoon is een groot deel van de bevolking officieus in kaart gebracht.
Africa, Ghana, 2011, Even in the most remote villages of Ghana, the population has a mobile phone. 80% of Ghanaians have a cell phone. A fixed line exists only in the urban areas. The mobile phone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It’s used primarily to reach family in remote areas. Vodafone and MTN battle for supremacy. Smaller parties such as Tigo, Airtel, GLO and Zain are fighting for their share of the market using mega billboards and shops right down to the slums in the capital of Accra. In 2009, MTN made a turnover of 530 million euros. The South African based company has a current market value equal to twice the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana. Prepaid phones have made telephony accessible to even the poorest. In 2011, the minimum prepaid amount to spend was 3.5 eurocents in a country where the average daily wage is one euro. Preparations of the providers are under way to introduce bank payments via mobile phone. Due to the registration of mobile phones a large proportion of the population has been mapped.
Afrika, Ghana, 2011, selbst in den entlegensten Dörfern von Ghana, hat die Bevölkerung ein Mobiltelefon. 80% der Ghanaer hat ein Handy. Ein Festnetzanschluss existiert nur in den städtischen Gebieten. Das Mobiltelefon ist zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil des täglichen Lebens. Es wird in erster Linie gebraucht um den Familien in abgelegenen Gebieten zu erreichen. Vodafone und MTN kämpfen um die Vorherrschaft. Kleinere Parteien wie Tigo, Airtel, GLO und Zain kämpfen für ihren Anteil an dem Markt middles mega Plakatwänden und Shops in den Slums in der Hauptstadt Accra. MTN hat im Jahr 2009 einen Umsatz von €530.000.000. Die südafrikanische Unternehmen hat aktuell ein Marktwert in Höhe von zweimal mal das Bruttoinlandsprodukt von Ghana. Prepaid-Telefonie ist jetzt erreichbar zu den ärmsten. Im Jahr 2011, war die Minimumausgabe zu Prepaid-Betrag 3,5 Eurocent in einem Land, wo der durchschnittliche Tageslohn €1 ist. Die Vorbereitungen der Anbieter sind im Gange, um Bankzahlungen per Handy problemlos aufzunehmen. Durch das Aufkommen des Handys ist einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung inoffiziell registriert wurden.
Naamseingever
de Nederlandse zeevisserij
voornamelijk geplaatst in radiotelefonie zenders van schepen
met slechte gespreksdicipline en identificatie problemen.
naamsein " I M "
fabrikaat Centrale Werkplaats PTT
type 3-65 nr. 40
primaire 24VDC
output = het naamsein "I M" in morse ( . . __ __ )
modulatie toon 2000Hz
The tower is ASR 1275846, standing on a hill in French Lick, Indiana, with the recursive address "French Lick Tower." It was built in 2010, and is owned by Smithville Telephone, Inc., a family owned company of long standing that also specializes in fiber optic service to homes. I don't see anything that yells "telephony" at me here. All the cellular providers are on three towers on higher sites across town. But on it is W269BU, a translator on 101.9 FM of WFIU/103.7, of Bloomington.
I believe the antenna is a Shively 6812, judging from the shape of its radome.
Official details about both:
Tower:
Registration Number: 1275846
File Number: A1204661
FAA Issue Date: 06/24/2009
Status: Constructed
Date Constructed: 11/03/2010
Structure Coordinates: 38-32-59.3 N 86-37-36.5 W (NAD 83)
Structure Address: French Lick Tower
Structure City: French Lick, IN
Structure County: Orange County
Site Elevation: 220.6 meters (724 ft)
Height of Structure: 79.5 meters (261 feet)
Overall Height Above Ground: 79.5 meters (261 feet)
Overall Height Above Mean Sea Level: 300.1 meters (985 feet)
Station:
Effective Radiated Power: 0.038 kW
Transmitter Output Power: 0.116 kW
Antenna Center HAAT: 65.1 m Horiz.; 0 m Vert.
Antenna Center AMSL: 252 m (827 ft.)
Antenna Center HAG: 31 m (102 ft.)
Site Elevation: 221 m. (725 ft.)
Height Overall*: 80 m (262 ft.)
Police Box c19?? found at Avoncroft Museum, Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, UK. - home of National Telephone Kiosk Collection.
This is the largest collection of telephone kiosks in the country
A fun jaunt with Liz Claman live on Fox today.
Cisco HQ has a sales demo hotel room within, with bed and IP telephony. Who knew?