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The Torre dei Lamberti is a medieval tower in Verona , 84 meters high, which rises from Piazza Erbe , the ancient Roman Forum , in the historic center of the city .
With the exception of the Italian Telecom Tower in the district of San Michele Extra (149 meters) and the Borgo Roma Italy Telecom Tower (102 meters), as structures for telephony, the Torre dei Lamberti holds the record for tallest building in the city of Verona , followed by the white bell tower of the Cathedral , 74.9 meters high.
The origins
The tower was commissioned by the powerful family Lamberti (subsequently banished from Verona and extinct), which began to build it in the eleventh century . At that dates back to the lowest part in tan brick and tufa . In 1140 , in the middle age city, was elected to the civic tower was installed and the first bell , of which nothing is known. In 1272 the statutes stated that, in addition to the bell of ' Arengo (then known as Rengo, he called in the assembly meeting), there was also another, the Marangona (derived from "joiner", which in Veronese dialect means carpenter ), to signal the beginning and end of work activities [1] .
In the fourteenth century
In 1311 a bell was recast and a new addition, called the Consolata. In 1394 it fell to Gianfrancesco da Legnago redo the Rengo , which was then also used to scan the executions of death sentences, alarms, signs of fire, the gathering of the militia and the arrival of a plague. Were present at the bell, with the function of janitors, prison guards (the tower usually housed some prison) and lookouts. They were wrong salaried, but staying free of charge in the tower and were exempt from taxes and military obligations .
Venetian period
In May 1403 a bolt of lightning struck the top of the tower, and only in 1448 work began on the restoration and elevation. that lasted until 1464 . In 1406 the bell made ​​a plea for the Venetian governor ( Verona recently came under the rule of the Venetian Republic ), maintained their privileges, from what he confirmed. Have come down to us the names of the players of the time: John Bonifacio from San Giovanni in Valle , Christopher Michael from St Nazaire , Benassù James from Santa Maria in Organo , John Nicholas Hood from San Fermo . In 1452 all'Archicampanista Gasparino from Vicenza was awarded the recasting of the bells Marangona and Rengo. In 1471 it was again rebuilt since the Marangona cracked. In the meantime ( 1464 ) ended the work of raising, bringing the tower to reach the 84 meters, completed in style Gothic , in its present form .
In 1521 the Bonaventurini [5] remade the Rengo, which was recast by them in 1557 , getting one that still rings on the tower, octagonal within the cell. In 1597 the dynasty Levo From recast the Marangona, as noted by the teacher Gardoni "Gothic in shape." We also know the identity of ringers into service in 1606 , Roger Minali and children, replaced in his role, from 1632 to 1797 by the family Tanara, in whose chronicles remember that their elderly was burned by a lightning while stretched out a window of tower; a young man fell from the same of their family without suffering any injury.
In the eighteenth century
The Lamberti Tower photographed from the bell tower of the Cathedral of Verona .
In 1779 the famous founder Joseph Ruffini prepared a bell of hours is (in agreement with the eighth Rengo) and another called Rabbiosa to complete the deal that appeared as:
Rengo : note is flat , fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 ;
Marangona : known Kings , melted by the Da Levo in 1597 ;
Angry : note Fa sharp , cast by Ruffini in 1779 ;
Consolata or Bajona : note the , fused by an unknown in 1311 ;
Doorbell hours : note is flat , fused by Ruffini in 1779 .
These are the bells that rang during the historical event of the Veronese Easters .
Also in 1779 there was a proposal to place a large clock on the tower, but the watchmaker who had to do the work died before they start. It was, in 1798 , Count John Sagramoso in place, at his own expense, the clock, replacing that of the nearby Torre del Gardello , who had stopped working for some time .
From the nineteenth century to the present day
In 1833 the Knight John Cavadini, director of a foundry bells rival that of his brother Francis, recast Marangona Rabbiosa Bajona and getting the current complex consists of:
Rengo : note is flat 2, diameter 184 cm, weight 4215 kg. Fused by Bonaventurini in 1557 . is one of the best bells Renaissance and from the point of view of acoustic and decorative, as well as a rarity for age and size.
Marangona : known Kings 3, diameter 130 cm, weight 1300 kg. Excellent and rich fusion of John Cavadini of 1833 . It is one of the best achievements of the period and, without doubt, the best of this smelter.
Bajona : note Fa 3, diameter 108 cm, weight 750 kg. Merged with the Marangona.
Bell : note is flat 3, diameter 82 cm, weight 330 kg. Fused by Ruffini in 1779 . It was used as a clock signal.
The whole forms a fundamental harmonic arrangement of four bronzes to jump ( Sib 2 - King 3 - Makes 3 - Sib 3), as was the custom in the Baroque era.
At the beginning of the twentieth century the task was entrusted to the bell of St. Anastasia . It was the Rengo, November 4 1918 , 10:30, playing a party to announce the armistice with Austria , the end of the First World War [9] . After the Second World War , the management of the bells of the tower passed to companies bell of Santa Maria in Organo (which in 1994 was absorbed by St. Anastasia )
The tower is now open to the public and you can get in the belfries thanks to the stairs or the elevator, enjoying the panoramic view of the city.
Growing the digital economy: the role of government
H.E. Mr Afamasaga Lepuia’i Rico Tupa’i, Minister, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Western Samoa.
©ITU/R.Farrell
Mr Houlin Zhao, Secretary General, International Telecommunication Union, Switzerland.
©ITU/R.Farrell
Growing the digital economy: the role of government
From left to right H.E. Mrs Allyson Maynard Gibson, Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Legal Affairs and Attorney General, Bahamas; and H.E. Mr Sergei Popkov
Minister, Ministry of Communications and Informatization, Belarus.
©ITU/R.Farrell
Growing the digital economy: the role of government
From left to right H.E. Mr Elmir Tofig oglu Velizadeh
Deputy Minister, Ministry of Communications and High, Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan; and H.E. Dr István Mikola, Minister of State for Security and International Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade, Hungary.
©ITU/R.Farrell
Caudecoste,
D245.
Encore un champ cultivé trop près des poteaux.
Ici on peut voir que le bas du poteau a été détérioré par le passage d'un engin agricole.
Ces dégradations finissent toujours par se retrouver sur les factures des clients.
La marge des multinationales ne s'en trouve que rarement amputée.