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A Cray 1 supercomputer. The last word in high-tech computer sophistication in the early '70's. Capable of 250 million floating point operations a second, it cost $5 million and was the fastest machine in the world.
For a while.
In comparison, a current top end desktop workstation costs around $6000 and runs at 933 billion floating point operations a second - three thousand, seven hundred times as fast for one eighthundredth the cost.
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) — a planet-scale array of eight ground-based radio telescopes forged through international collaboration — was designed to capture images of a black hole. In coordinated press conferences across the globe, EHT researchers revealed that they succeeded, unveiling the first direct visual evidence of the supermassive black hole in the centre of Messier 87 and its shadow. The shadow of a black hole seen here is the closest we can come to an image of the black hole itself, a completely dark object from which light cannot escape. The black hole’s boundary — the event horizon from which the EHT takes its name — is around 2.5 times smaller than the shadow it casts and measures just under 40 billion km across. While this may sound large, this ring is only about 40 microarcseconds across — equivalent to measuring the length of a credit card on the surface of the Moon. Although the telescopes making up the EHT are not physically connected, they are able to synchronize their recorded data with atomic clocks — hydrogen masers — which precisely time their observations. These observations were collected at a wavelength of 1.3 mm during a 2017 global campaign. Each telescope of the EHT produced enormous amounts of data – roughly 350 terabytes per day – which was stored on high-performance helium-filled hard drives. These data were flown to highly specialised supercomputers — known as correlators — at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy and MIT Haystack Observatory to be combined. They were then painstakingly converted into an image using novel computational tools developed by the collaboration.
core i7 920, noctua nh-u12p se1366 with one scythe SFF21G, asus p6t deluxe v2, 3GB mushkin DDR3 1333, 300GB WD Velociraptor, XFX GeForce GTS 250 (X2 in SLI), corsair HX850W PSU, antec twelve hundred
Aiken SC
Many years ago I read that computers were unable to unravel a photograph of a scene with complex window reflections. I doubt that today's supercomputers could figure out this scene.
A primitive computer at the Museum of Printing in Andover, Massachusetts. Control Data Corporation (CDC) was a supercomputer firm that built the fastest computers in the world in the 1960s.
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
Here's a detail you wouldn't expect: I saw several bug zappers in the infrastructure spaces. And they were zapping every few seconds. As they built the building out in an undeveloped area west of Cheyenne, where land and energy is relatively cheap compared to NCAR's Boulder supercomputer center location, all sorts of critters set up housekeeping. Cheyenne WY USA. Fall 2014.
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
Simulation frames from this NASA Goddard neutron star merger animation: bit.ly/1jolBYY
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
This supercomputer simulation shows one of the most violent events in the universe: a pair of neutron stars colliding, merging and forming a black hole. A neutron star is the compressed core left behind when a star born with between eight and 30 times the sun's mass explodes as a supernova. Neutron stars pack about 1.5 times the mass of the sun — equivalent to about half a million Earths — into a ball just 12 miles (20 km) across.
As the simulation begins, we view an unequally matched pair of neutron stars weighing 1.4 and 1.7 solar masses. They are separated by only about 11 miles, slightly less distance than their own diameters. Redder colors show regions of progressively lower density.
As the stars spiral toward each other, intense tides begin to deform them, possibly cracking their crusts. Neutron stars possess incredible density, but their surfaces are comparatively thin, with densities about a million times greater than gold. Their interiors crush matter to a much greater degree densities rise by 100 million times in their centers. To begin to imagine such mind-boggling densities, consider that a cubic centimeter of neutron star matter outweighs Mount Everest.
By 7 milliseconds, tidal forces overwhelm and shatter the lesser star. Its superdense contents erupt into the system and curl a spiral arm of incredibly hot material. At 13 milliseconds, the more massive star has accumulated too much mass to support it against gravity and collapses, and a new black hole is born. The black hole's event horizon — its point of no return — is shown by the gray sphere. While most of the matter from both neutron stars will fall into the black hole, some of the less dense, faster moving matter manages to orbit around it, quickly forming a large and rapidly rotating torus. This torus extends for about 124 miles (200 km) and contains the equivalent of 1/5th the mass of our sun.
Scientists think neutron star mergers like this produce short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Short GRBs last less than two seconds yet unleash as much energy as all the stars in our galaxy produce over one year.
The rapidly fading afterglow of these explosions presents a challenge to astronomers. A key element in understanding GRBs is getting instruments on large ground-based telescopes to capture afterglows as soon as possible after the burst. The rapid notification and accurate positions provided by NASA's Swift mission creates a vibrant synergy with ground-based observatories that has led to dramatically improved understanding of GRBs, especially for short bursts.
This video is public domain and can be downloaded at: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011500/a011530/index.html
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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A la izquierda: SGI Altix 3700 Bx2 (2005-11), 819,20 Gflop/s.
A la derecha: SGI Altix UV 10000 (2011), 14,30 Tflop/s.
CESCA.
Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya
Centro de Servicios Científicos y Académicos de Cataluña.
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
045
FORTUNE Brainstorm Tech
December 1st, 2021
Half Moon Bay, CA
2:50 PM
BEYOND THE SUPERCOMPUTER
Classical computing has changed the world with multiple revolutions in cloud, AI and Machine learning. But believe it or not, it’s reaching its peak. And so, the promise of Quantum technology is that it has the potential to truly help solve some of our greatest challenges - climate, supply chain shortages and inefficiencies, food insecurity, cyber vulnerabilities, and destabilization of economies. What will it take to really get there and how far are we anyway?
Speaker:
Pete Shadbolt, Co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer, PsiQuantum
Tony Uttley, President, Quantum Solutions, Honeywell
Moderator: Verne Kopytoff, FORTUNE
Photograph by Nick Otto for FORTUNE BRAINSTORM TECH
Fujitsu VP2600 supercomputer, dates from around 1991. The machine consists of about six cabinets this size.