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Per la prima volta in assoluto, la cantante pop cinese Karen Mok arriva in Europa con il suo tour. La tre volte vincitrice del Golden Melody Award porta il suo magico tour mondiale "Regardez" al LinearCiak di Milano.
Dopo il celebre duetto con Andrea Bocelli in "Cheek to cheek", questa volta Karen Mok, soprannominata «Madonna d’Oriente», sul palco milanese collaborerà con Mika, in uno spettacolo arricchito da effetti speciali e una trentina di ballerini.
In prima fila, ospiti Al Bano e Raffaella Carrà.
Cantante, musicista, attrice, produttrice e filantropa, la poliedrica diva è sempre in gioco per nuove sfide. Per questo tour mondiale "Regardez", Karen Mok ha assunto il ruolo di direttore, curando l'intero processo del suo tour mondiale, dalla pianificazione all'esecuzione.
Mok ha frequentato una collegio femminile diocesano di Hong Kong per l'istruzione primaria. Successivamente, nel 1987, si è trasferita all'estero. Ha frequentato lo United World College of the Adriatic vicino a Trieste, in Italia, dal 1987 al 1989, e si è laureata in letteratura italiana alla University of London. Mok è la sorella dello scrittore e produttore Trevor Morris, ed una discendente di Alfred Morris, il primo preside del King's College di Hong Kong. Parla fluentemente inglese, cantonese, cinese, italiano e francese. Ha origini eurasiatiche: suo padre è mezzo cinese e mezzo gallese, mentre sua madre è mezza cinese, un quarto iraniana ed un quarto tedesca.
Yep, it looks like she's sold on it....but the real question is "What does Madame Tina think?" 😘
Yes, I think we have a winner. 💗
3lb bow casting! This is EpoxAcoat red with Foam-It 10 filler. Very lightweight and quite sturdy as well!
The fishing vessel "Success" moored in front of the Ask restaurant in Scarborough harbour.
May 2009.
October 13, 2012, Sunderland, MA: On his first visit to a fishing event at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Richard Cronin National Salmon Station, Kenny "Ace" DeSalvo shows his catch. Credit: Catherine J. Hibbard, USFWS
The key fits and is able to turn the cylinder, opening the lock.
Jos wanted to create an Instructable on how to do manipulation-based Key Impressioning and asked me to take a couple of pictures.
HMAS Success is assisted to berth by tug Tanunda at Inner Harbor Port Adelaide South Australia. Late 1980s - will try to get a more accurate date.
Designed by the engineer André Waterkeyn for the International Exhibition of Brussels, that took place here in 1958, the Atomium is a structure that is half way between sculpture and architecture, symbolising an iron crystal by the scale of its atoms, magnified 165 billion times.
Work was started in March 1956. Made entirely of steel clad with aluminium, the structure dominates the Heysel plateau. The particular position chosen for the cube, i.e., resting on one sphere with a vertical diagonal, was essentially dictated by esthetical reasons. Such a position made it of course necessary to insure the stability of the structure by three bipods. The nine large spheres joined by tubes which comprise the Atomium, are arranged in the configuration of a central cubic system. These spheres were fitted out by the architects André and Jean Polak.
The Atomium was not intended to survive the Exhibition of 1958. Its popularity and success, however, ensured its place as a major landmark on the Brussels skyline.
Today, the condition of the Atomium requires renovation work. This will start in 2003, thanks to aid from the federal state of Belgium, in collaboration with the Region of Brussels Capital and the City of Brussels.
Dimensions of the Atomium
The Atomium is 334.6. ft. high ; the spheres have a diameter of 59.0 ft ; weight of 2400 tons.
The distance between the spheres, measured on the sides of the cube, is 95.1 ft ; the diameter of the tubes is 9.8 ft. The diagonal tubes are 75.4 ft long and of 10.8 ft diameter.
The diameter of the pavilion on which the base sphere appears to rest is 85.3 ft.
The base sphere rests on the foundation via the central tube of 10.8 ft diameter and twelve columns of 16.4 ft height.
The circular cut-out- in the lower part of the sphere has a diameter of 32.8 ft.
The bipods are 295.3 ft apart and their articulations are 164 ft away from the central mast. Each of the three bipods weighing over 110 tons.
The escalators installed inside the tubes of the Atomium are amongst the longest in Europe. The largest is 114.8 ft long. They can take 3,000 persons per hour.
The elevator speed – the highest in Europe – is 16.4 ft/sec. It takes visitors up to the top sphere in 23 seconds and its capacity is 22 persons.
A floor has an area of 2,583 sq.ft and the height between floors is approximately 14.8 ft. The restaurant in the top sphere can sit 140 persons and the viewpoint situated below can contain 250 persons.
The stairs inside the bipods – which are 115 ft high – have approximately 200 steps.
A scientific exhibition of the peaceful uses of atomic energy will be held in the reception hall, the base sphere and two lower spheres, as well as on the first floor of the central sphere.
Photos courtesy of Missouri City
A new LED message sign, monument wall and landscaping now grace the entrance of City Hall.
Missouri City’s Successes Shine Bright in 2012
Missouri City continued its march of excellence in 2012 with an array of successful fiscal, civic, business and public safety accomplishments that kept the “Show Me City” on the list of the state’s and the nation’s premier municipalities.
Safe streets, best budgets, thriving companies, dynamic diversity, pristine parks and A-plus amenities remain hallmarks of the City, and have an impact on its infrastructure projects and retail and commercial sectors.
Showcasing the richness of our cultural, educational and economic strengths, a groundbreaking Rice University study this year found Missouri City has surpassed Houston in diversity.
“Our diversity brings different ideas and traditions to the table, and we are united in the direction of our community’s future,” said City Manager Edward Broussard. “With 20 parks, two championship golf courses, first-class amenities and rich historical traditions, we encourage everyone to discover Missouri City.”
City Council continued to provide strong leadership for citizens and staff in 2012. From left are Councilmember Don Smith, District B, Councilmember Bobby Marshall, District A, Mayor Pro Tem Jerry Wyatt, At Large Position 1, Mayor Allen Owen, Councilmember Danny Nguyen, At Large Position 2, Councilmember Floyd Emery, District D, and Councilmember Robin Elackatt, District C.
Additionally, MONEY Magazine and CNNMoney named Missouri City one of 2012’s Top 10 Most Affordable Cities in the nation for homebuyers and “we are steadfast in our commitment to remain a premier location with scenic neighborhoods, low crime, top-rated schools and expanded quality recreational opportunities,” Broussard said.
And, when it comes to living healthy lifestyles; citizens are up to the challenge. Residents and staff formed a winning partnership this year to earn a second place honor in the Healthy at H-E-B Challenge, a statewide initiative aimed at getting Texans to become active and stay fit.
Another recreational accolade was earned by the award-winning Quail Valley Golf Course, which has hosted record rounds again this year. Avid Golfer ranked the El Dorado fairway as the No. 1 “Best Value Under $50”, and No. 2 among courses in the category of “Top-5 Intermediate-Priced • $36-$50”. And, the magazine ranked the La Quinta greens No. 2 among courses in the category of “Top-5 Value-Priced • $36-$50”.
QVGC is also now the third location for the First Tee of Greater Houston, a youth development program that teaches life lessons such as the importance of honesty, sportsmanship, perseverance, responsibility and judgment.
“We all know that Missouri City is a special place and these honors reinforce what those of us who live here know,” said Mayor Allen Owen. “As we move forward, our synergistic relationship with our families and business partners will continue to make Missouri City one of the best cities in America.”
Fiscal Fitness
Strong fiscal management earned the city a Double A rating for its general obligation bonds and certificates of obligation, a high rank based on sound budget policies and procedures that give the City a bright financial outlook for the future.
For more than 25 years, the City Budget and the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report have been recognized annually by the Government Finance Officers Association of the United States and Canada for their detail on City services and programs and the City’s financial condition. And, for the second year in a row Missouri City has earned a “Gold Star” award for financial transparency and online reporting from the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts.
Maintaining fiscal excellence is a top priority for the City, with all departments focused on the effective and efficient management of financial resources.
A police officer, left, shares safety information with a resident. Firefighters, at right, perform a vehicle extrication demonstration.
Protecting the Public
Proactive public safety programs protect, educate and engage citizens, often providing a glimpse into the work of our first responders who put their lives on the line to keep us safe.
In 2012, the Missouri City Police Department hosted a series of safety seminars, including a citywide crime prevention meeting, ensuring citizens are prepared to safeguard their families and property.
And, this year brought a significant first for the Fire & Rescue Services as they hosted their inaugural annual open house. Hundreds visited Fire Station 1 and experienced how to handle a fire hose, learned about life-saving equipment, watched a vehicle extrication demonstration, toured the firehouse and practiced fire exit drills.
Another highlight was the graduation of the 26th Annual Missouri City Police and Fire Academy. This year’s class of 27 is now qualified to join the Police and Fire Auxiliary and Citizen’s Response Team after completing a free six-week training program that took them “behind-the-scenes”. The residents learned about traffic and criminal law, CPR, firearms, and the dangers associated with fighting fires and solving crimes.
The importance of Missouri City’s public safety investment in commercial areas also is demonstrated via the new Police Mini-Station on Texas Parkway. The station serves as a daily reminder to citizens that the City is dedicated to keeping them and their businesses safe.
Business is Booming
Continuing to build a sustainable business base is critical to future growth and development.
This year, Missouri City’s commitment to private-public partnerships was recognized with the prestigious 2012 Community Economic Development Award from the Texas Economic Development Council. The “Show Me City” won the distinction for its successful bid to attract Niagara Bottling Company, the second largest water bottling firm in the United States.
In making its decision, TEDC cited Missouri City’s “team effort” in partnering with the Greater Houston Partnership, the Fort Bend Economic Development Council, Fort Bend County, CenterPoint Energy Economic Development Group and Water Control and Improvement District No. 2 to interest Niagara in opening its doors in Lakeview Business Park, located near Fondren Road and Sam Houston Parkway.
The plant is expected to be fully operational in the first quarter of 2013. When complete, it will encompass more than 356,000 square feet, with water processing, bottle manufacturing, warehousing and a distribution facility.
A few miles away in the Beltway Crossing Complex on South Gessner Road, another major company is preparing to open its doors. Ben E. Keith Foods will complete the first phase of its 500,000-square-foot facility in the first quarter of 2013. When complete, the company, which was honored in 2012 by having Beltway Road renamed Ben E. Keith Way, will be the City’s largest employer.
Other new companies choosing to locate here during the past 12 months include Twin Star Bakery, Southwest Electronic Energy Corp., Fort Bend Brewing Company, Warren Alloy/Allied Fittings, Stream Realty and Bimbo Bakeries USA.
And, to create an ongoing dialogue with the business community, the City has launched Business Briefing Breakfasts. These monthly meetings focus on economic growth and development and are hosted in the City Centre at Quail Valley. For more information on the breakfasts, call 281.403.8530.
Infrastructure Improvements
Infrastructure improvements were a priority citywide. A major accomplishment was the official opening of the City’s new $50 million Regional Water Treatment Plant, the largest capital improvement project ever undertaken by the “Show Me City”. The project was the result of an unprecedented level of cooperation among 40 government and private sector groups.
The facility, which has the capacity to store 100 million gallons of water, was built to meet regulations set by the Fort Bend Subsidence District, which mandates that groundwater withdrawals must be no more than 70 percent of total water demand by Jan. 1, 2014. By January of 2025, withdrawals must be reduced to no more than 40 percent of water demand.
During a grand opening ceremony for the plant in August, partners raised their glasses—filled with water processed at the facility. Plant engineers say the quality of the refined water should exceed that of the groundwater residents currently drink with 33 types of tests conducted each day to ensure the water is safe to use. And, in recognition of its excellence, the RWTP won the Texas Public Works Association’s Project of the Year Award for “Environmental Projects at least $25 million but less than $75 million”.
Other infrastructure upgrades completed citywide include:
*Raised medians constructions on Highway 6 and Texas Parkway. The Texas Department of Transportation managed these mobility projects that improved safety for motorists and pedestrians. The projects included the installation of new traffic signals and six Dynamic Messages Signs along Highway 6, and the installation of new turn lanes along both roadways.
*Implementation of the $2.8 million Intelligent Transportation System to help synchronize traffic signals and manage traffic flow citywide.
*A showcase Missouri City monument wall was added to the entrance of the City Hall Complex, which has been revitalized with the addition of a new LED sign and landscaping. The monument wall is the latest of several new ones that now grace major thoroughfares helping to brand and beautify the area.
*Next year, Lexington Boulevard will be extended. Plans call for a decorative traffic signal at Texas Parkway, a four-lane boulevard roadway with sidewalks from Texas Parkway to Scanlin Road, as well as drainage structures. Fort Bend County has agreed to pay all costs of the $3.3 million project through the Fort Bend Mobility Bond program.
Other key infrastructure improvements include the reconstruction of El Dorado Bridge, the installment of flashing yellow arrows along major roadways and the construction of Fire Station #5, which is being fully funded by the Sienna Plantation Municipal Utility District. The station is expected to open in late 2013.
Another mobility milestone involves the METRO Park & Ride stop located in the Fort Bend Town Center at Fort Bend Parkway and Highway 6. Ridership on the service is steadily increasing, providing convenient, stress-free commutes to and from the Texas Medical Center and Houston’s central business district for hundreds of residents.
Pristine Parks
City Council followed through on its commitment to citizens that construction of the City Centre at Quail Valley and the Recreation and Tennis Center would be completed this year.
Since Missouri City’s new first-class amenities opened their doors, they have received rave reviews.
Missouri City’s premier City Centre at Quail Valley can host all of your special events.
As Fort Bend County’s premier events venue, the City Centre at Quail Valley, located at 2880 La Quinta Dr., has hosted dozens of festive occasions including weddings, business meetings, birthday parties, tournaments like the 2012 Fort Bend Chamber Challenge and an official ribbon-cutting ceremony.
To plan and schedule a function, individuals and businesses can call 281-403-8517.
Missouri City’s first-class Recreation and Tennis Center can help you stay fit with lots of fun activities.
The state-of-the-art Recreation and Tennis Center, located at 2701 Cypress Point Dr., continues to draw new members and has hosted tennis tournaments for local and regional organizations.
The Center, which was featured in the August edition of Athletic Business, has a Kid Zone, a full-size gymnasium, multi-purpose rooms, tennis courts, batting cages, the latest cardio and weight equipment, an outdoor walking trail and tennis clinics. To join, visit the City website: www.missouricitytx.gov or call 281-403-8637.
Many distinctions set Missouri City apart from other municipalities, and the City’s pristine parks are among the area’s best.
The Edible Arbor Trail, which features groves of trees and shrubs that produce edible fruits and nuts, remains a favorite. It was recognized as an innovative project this year by the Texas Recreation and Parks Society and received an Honorable Mention for “On-the-Ground Projects” from the Houston-Galveston Area Council. The trail was also featured on Ch. 13’s Hometown Live Report.
Another parks project that has been popular is the expansion of Oyster Creek Trail. The 2.31 mile pathway, an outdoor haven for residents who enjoy a scenic hike, bike, walk or jog, underwent a revitalization that added a paved bike and pedestrian trail along Oyster Creek Bayou between Dulles Avenue and Cartwright Road.
Improvements made to the Cartwright Road Bridge extended Oyster Creek Trail under the bridge and connected it to the existing trail south of Cartwright Road.
Scenes from the Snowfest Festival, left, and from National Night Out, right. Below, MCJCF founding board members kickoff the group’s golden anniversary at a VIP Reception. Pictured from left, are Michael Mouton, Councilman Don Smith, who is Founder and Chairman, Sonja Thornton, Pamela Poole, Charles Swindell and Derrick Woods.
Treasured Traditions
Annual traditions build lasting bonds citywide and this year, these successful events helped form a strong sense of civic pride:
* The 29th Annual Snowfest Festival drew more than 5,000 to the City Hall Complex and featured a tree-lighting ceremony, colorful fireworks, bicycle raffles, the world’s tallest snowman bounce house, a snow hill, a toy drive and Santa! And, the Snowfest Parade drew hundreds and featured colorful floats, local bands, community groups and trailers decorated in holiday themes.
*The July 4th Festival was a fantastic celebration in Buffalo Run Park full of fun and fireworks. Thousands of families gathered to see the sky light up with color at dusk. Children also enjoyed a moonwalk, a rock wall, and a mechanical bull.
*The Fourth Annual “Operation Thanksgiving—Stuff the Squad Car!” put the unity in community as “Show Me City” citizens, businesses and staff partnered to fill 15 police patrol cars with canned and nonperishable food items to assist area families in need. The Second Mile Mission Center, Bethel Ministry and the Powerhouse of Love Food Bank benefitted from this benevolent event.
*The Missouri City Juneteenth Celebration Foundation commemorated its 10th Anniversary with a focus on families and their core contributions to our communities. At the Community Service Awards Gala tribute, retired NBA star Charlie Ward was the guest speaker. Other special celebrations were the Scholarship Golf Tournament, Family Fun Day in the Park and Night Out, Festival Under the Stars and the One Mile of Smiles Parade.
*And, neighborhoods across Missouri City held National Night Out block parties featuring good food, fellowship and fun on the 29th annual observance of the crime prevention initiative. NNO helps neighbors get to know each other and to partner with police officers, firefighters, City Council and staff to discuss and implement measures that help combat crime.
A Bright Future
In 2012, professionals in all departments honorably represented the City with pride and were recognized by their peers in the region, in the state and across the nation. They include:
*Police Officer of the Year Jessica Berry
*Firefighter of the Year Michael Jaster
*Recreation Superintendent Shane Mize, who won the 2012 National Recreation and Park Association Rising Professional Award
*Director of Municipal Court Services Cathy Haney, who is the Texas Court Clerks Association’s 2012 Gulf Coast Chapter Clerk of the Year
*Street Technician II Lyford “Nickey” Hayes, who was recognized as Operator of the Year—Heavy Equipment by the American Public Works Association
*City Secretary Maria Gonzalez, who became President of the Salt Grass Chapter of the Texas Municipal Clerks Association, Inc.
*The Communications Team won the Texas Association of Municipal Information Officers’ Silver Star for Electronic Report, the Texas Association of Telecommunications Officers and Advisors’ second place award for Best Use of Web, the National Association of Telecommunications Officers and Advisors’ third place award for the video “Bob on Biz—LEED Certified Building”, and the group’s honorable mention award for the “Show Me Missouri City TV Website”.
*The Information Technology Team managed the installation of the Tyler Technologies Enterprise Resource Planning suite of software. It includes efficiency programs for accounting, payroll, human resources, document management, mapping, permits, licenses and code enforcement.
In 2013, Missouri City will continue to provide citizens with excellent programs and services. A committed City Council and award-winning staff will progressively move forward into the future, ensuring the “Show Me City’s” ongoing success.
Residents are encouraged to stay informed through the City’s websites: www.missouricitytx.gov and www.missouricityready.com, the “Show Me Missouri City” citizen newsletter, regular and annual homeowner association meetings, Missouri City television (Ch. 16 on Comcast and Ch. 99 on AT&T U-verse) and 1690 AM.
Families and visitors are invited to have breakfast, brunch, lunch or dinner at the City Centre and to maintain a focus on fitness at the Recreation and Tennis Center. And, to make those memorable moments in life even more special, citizens should plan to host their celebrations in one of the City Centre’s elegant rooms—the magnificent Magnolia Ballroom, the amazing Azalea Room or the beautiful Bluebonnet Grille.
Schedule your next tee time at the championship Quail Valley Golf Course.
And, golfers can always enjoy a great game at the renowned Quail Valley Golf Course. For greens fees, visit www.golfquailvalley.com or call 281.403.5910.
As the City partners with the community to start a New Year together; high-standards will continue to be set and met in the “Show Me City”.
From the Fortune3 blog, a post about the factors necessary for eCommerce success.
Click link above for full story.
By far one of the most incredible pictures I've ever taken.
This is inside the Pantheon. Brandon told me that he wanted a picture of him taking a picture of the hole at the very top of the dome and the sun spot as well. The first couple shots didn't work, but then I had the idea of laying on the floor. Success!
1979
January 5, 1979
It was reported that the 1st Annual Bill McNeill Memorial Hockey Tournament was a big success. Over 600 players took part in the event. Kanata Standard, January 5, 1979:1.
January 5, 1979
Marianne Wilkinson, in her Commentary, announced that Kanata City Council had passed a resolution officially designating the names of the five existing communities in the City of Kanata. They were Bridlewood, Glen Cairn, Katimavik/Hazeldean, Beaverbrook, and March. Kanata Standard, January 5, 1979:1.
January 5, 1979
It was reported that the Kinette Club had donated a cart to a Glen Cairn family who had a young boy in a body cast. Robbie Boileau was due to be in the body cast another three weeks. Kanata Standard, January 5, 1979:2.
January 5, 1979
The newly formed Kanata Ski Club membership exceeded 100 families and a number of singles. Kanata Standard, January 5, 1979:3.
January 10, 1979
The first meeting of the Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association in 1979 was held. Approximately 30 residents attended. Newton Steacy stated: “The caliber of the executive and the new cluster directors is impressive.” The business of the meeting included a strongly supported motion to deliver the Standard to Glen Cairn for a four-month period. It was seen that this would allow time for the editorial board to urge Glen Cairn residents to submit articles and participate in the publication of a “community-owned” newspaper. Kanata Standard, January 16, 1979:2,6.
January 13, 1979
The Kanata Theatre presented “Everything in the Garden” to a large audience. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:15.
January 16, 1979
Kanata City Council decided to hold the first meeting of each month in different communities with the City of Kanata. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:1.
January 16, 1979
A debate continued in Kanata City Council over the appointment of an alderman to serve as Acting Mayor in the possible absence of Mayor Wilkinson. Alderman Rogers and Kingham were both nominated. The issue was resolved when Alderman Kingham withdrew from the contest, leaving Charles Rogers as Acting Mayor. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:1.
January 16, 1979
Kanata City Council discussed the Commissioners’ Report and decided to establish a Transportation Advisory Committee composed of a representative from each ward. Council agreed to the appointments of those representatives where only one name had been put forward. The balance was to be dealt with at the next meeting. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:1.
January 16, 1979
Kanata City Council agreed to hire a consultant to carry out a management study of the City of Kanata. Its purpose was to assist the municipality in detailing the numbers of employees required for 1979. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:6.
January 19, 1979
In a Standard feature article, Alan Seward reported that planning for a library branch in Glen Cairn was well under way. A temporary library was put in place for the time being. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:1.
January 19, 1979
Marianne Wilkinson, in her Commentary, announced that the Logo for the City of Kanata Contest would end on January 31. Kanata Standard, January 5, 1979:1.
January 19, 1979
The municipalities and hydro commissions in the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton agreed to carry out a Restructuring Study on their hydro service. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:6.
January 19, 1979
Dogbone Park family skating rink opened for its first season. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:6.
January 19, 1979
The March Sailing Club held a successful Annual General Meeting. New Directors were Harry Holdsworth, Gerry Holt, John Perry, Gary Caple, Harry Adderly, Keith Hooey, and Robert Wilkinson. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:11.
January 20, 1979
The Kanata Singles held a very successful dance, with more than 100 members and guests attending. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:5.
January 28, 1979
Tow truck drivers at Gallagher’s Garage were awakened by two nearby wolves. One of the wolves was shot and the other disappeared. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:1.
January 29, 1979
At a joint meeting of the March and Glen Cairn Soccer Clubs was held. Both clubs were both dissolved to form a new Kanata City Soccer Club. The Board of Directors and Executive for the newly formed club were Allan Wilson, Sid Johnson, Jim Burrows, Bart Jones, John Brunette, John Dowell, Barry Felstead, Norbett Hendrycks, Lloyd Mason, John Rahim, Keith Richardson, Norbett Riester, Phil Shea, and Alan Waltho. Kanata Standard, January 19, 1979:8; Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:16.
January 31, 1979
Kanata City Council decided that a consulting engineering firm would be used to investigate structural problems in the Glen Cairn Community Centre. There had been crumbling walls in the building. Alderman Lund was upset that this could happen, and expressed the need to find the cause of the damage. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:2.
February 2, 1979
Stephanie Paul reported that progress on the Town Centre may be slowed due to a lack of a major retail tenant for the first portion of the development. Many recognized the importance of the construction of the centre, due the unique history of Kanata and the fact that it had grown “from the outside in,” and as a result had no real centre. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:1
February 2, 1979
The editors of the Kanata Standard announced that a new system of sub-editors was created to make the paper better and to “spread the activities of the paper to more helpers.” Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:2.
February 2, 1979
Al Craig wrote an article for the Standard on SS No. 1, March Public School. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:2.
February 2, 1979
The results of two months of polling by the Glen Cairn Community Association executive indicated that a majority of the residents of Glen Cairn rejected the Kanata Standard. At the time, the Standard was a publication of the Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:10.
February 2, 1979
Events and activities for the City of Kanata Winter Carnival 1979 were published in the Standard. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:20.
February 2, 1979
Doug Foster reported that the Winter Carnival ‘79 Duchess would be Marilyn Foster. Kanata Standard, February 16, 1979:3.
February 5, 1979
The first meeting of the City of Kanata Transportation Committee was held. It was primarily an advisory committee. A number of concerns that needed to be taken up with OC Transpo staff were discussed. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:1.
February 6, 1979
An open Kanata City Council meeting was held in Glen Cairn. A number of concerns were brought to Council’s attention, including snow removal and garbage collection. Stephanie Paul reported that the Council meeting was well attended and “the exchange between council members and the audience was lively.” Kanata Standard, February 16, 1979:2,5,6.
February 7, 1979
James Gillies, noted economist and MP for Don Valley, spoke at a public meeting at the John Mlacak Centre. Kanata Standard, February 2, 1979:9.
February 16, 1979
Newton Steacy, in his KBCA President Report, stated the association’s intent to expand the distribution of the Standard. Each community association had expressed an interest in this except for the Glen Cairn executive. Their sentiment was based on the results of a recent survey done in that community. Steacy claimed that “the Glen Cairn executive was quick to support the negative vote” when the results indicated otherwise. Kanata Standard, February 16, 1979:3.
February 16, 1979
Garry Thom reported on housing in Glen Cairn. Thom pointed out that building by the two major developers in the area, Costain and Sandbury, was leveling off. Kanata Standard, February 16, 1979:5.
February 16, 1979
It was announced by the Canadian Housing Design Council that a Community Design Award go to the early stages of Kanata, as the area was known prior the formation of the City of Kanata. It was awarded jointly to the City of Kanata and Campeau Corporation. While giving out the award, Jean Ouellet stated: “The early development of Kanata resulted from the vision and enterprise of William Teron. The continued growth of the town in more recent years is a great credit to the planning and design concepts which he introduced, as well as to the municipality (the Township of March) and to the Campeau Corporation, the present owner and developer.” Kanata Standard, February 16, 1979:11.
February 16, 1979
Kanata’s Mitel Corporation announced the appointment of Burns Fry Limited as its fiscal agents to underwrite the first issue of Mitel stock to the pubic. Kanata Standard, February 16, 1979:14.
February 16, 1979
The National Capital Equestrian Park held its Annual General Meeting. Over 70 people attended. A new Executive and Board of Directors was elected and an auditor’s statement presented. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:6.
February 17, 1979
The newly completed People Place recreation project officially opened. The John G. Mlacak Centre combined completion of the existing arena and the provision of new space for a variety of recreational pursuits. The project began in the spring of 1978. Kanata Standard, February 16, 1979:9.
February 20, 1979
Kanata City Council called for the provincial Minister of Revenue to reassess the value of all properties within the City of Kanata. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:1,4.
February 22, 1979
Earl of March boys’ and girls’ teams were overall winners in cross-country skiing in the Provincial Championships after two days of competition. Among those placing were Bernie Saneer, Dave Bennett, Carolyn Champion Venessa Daniel, Peter Eiselle, Jenny Labenek, Nancy Labenek, Scott Laughton, Anne McTaggart, Bill Mlacak, Rob Parsons, and Bernie Sander. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:12.
February 26, 1979
The Kanata Transportation Committee met with OC Transpo staff to exchange information and views related to some outstanding actions and key concerns of the Committee and local residents. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:2.
March 1, 1979
The Kanata Book Fair was opened by Mayor Marianne Wilkinson, Trustee J. D. Lyon, and Robin Skuce from the office of the Commissioner of Official Languages. As of February 20th, 18,498 used books had been collected. A larger than expected crowd turned up for the opening of the event. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:1; Kanata Standard, March 16, 1979:14.
March 2, 1979
A feature article appeared in the Standard discussing the need for a new school for Katimavik-Hazeldean. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:1,5.
March 2, 1979
The winners of the Kanata City Logo Contest were published in the Standard. First prize went to a joint submission by Wendy, Ian, Shaun and Mary Lou Kingham from Beaverbrook. Moderate changes in color were made to the logo, to then be used on all City vehicles, letterhead, etc. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:2.
March 2, 1979
Maurice Dubras began a series of articles appearing in the Standard on city matters discussed in City Council meetings. It was titled “Council in Action: Inside From the Outside”. Dubras reported this first Council meeting as a “quick and quiet affair.” Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:1.
March 2, 1979
The results of the Kanata Winter Carnival 1979 were published in the Standard. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:13-15.
March 6, 1979
Kanata City Council held one of their “mobile meetings” in rural Kanata. Kanata Standard, March 2, 1979:1.
March 7, 1979
The Katimavik Beaverbrook Community Association held its Annual General meeting, combined with the regular monthly meeting. Twenty-seven cluster directors and 6 guests attended. The meeting focused on the management of 1978's money and budgeting for 1979. Kanata Standard, March 16, 1979:2,5.
March 13, 1979
Kanata City Council recommended that a fire station be built on the March Central School site to serve the rural areas of the City. The project, still needing ratification, was budgeted at $201,000. Kanata Fire Chief Jim Snider appeared at the meeting, to help make the case for the new station. Standard, March 30, 1979:2,5.
March 16, 1979
Marilyn Foster wrote a feature on a new Katimavik Co-operative Nursery School in Kanata. Kanata Standard, March 16, 1979:1.
March 16, 1979
It was announced that Kanata Scouts, Joe Nyenhuis and Alex Guruprasad, hoped to attend a mini-jamboree in Sweden. Fundraising events were planned. Kanata Standard, March 16, 1979:7.
March 16, 1979
Garry Thom reported in the Standard that Iber Homes intended to erect 31 single dwelling and 3 doubles at the corner of Highway 7 and Seabrooke Drive in Glen Cairn. Thom stated that this was “contrary to the Report on Housing Construction” that appeared in the previous issue of the Standard. Kanata Standard, March 16, 1979:16.
March 16, 1979
Al Craig wrote an historical piece in the Standard on the Hazeldean Rural Telephone Company. Kanata Standard, March 16, 1979:19.
March 25, 1979
Dunrobin resident Robert Conye’s car was vandalized after he left it on along the side of Highway 17 due to mechanical difficulties. All the windows were smashed, the body dented, and the contents looted, to the point were it was expected that the car would be a write-off. Kanata Standard, March 30, 1979:1.
March 25, 1979
Kim Woolford saved 5-year-old Trevor MacLean from near-drowning in Bluegrass Park. Trevor had slipped into the water when some ice gave way. Standard, March 30, 1979:1.
March 29, 1979
The Regional Planning Committee held a final series of hearings on the Conservation Lands Proposal, as revised by the Planning Committee. Kanata Standard, March 16, 1979:4.
March 30, 1979
Alderman Bob Kingham wrote, in his As I See It column, that Cadillac-Fairview was “exploiting the real issue” when they petitioned the Cabinet of Ontario to reverse an OMB decision that rejected their “energy conserving” community development proposal. A Standard editorial added: “This project is in the wrong place and at the wrong time. When Kanata has 93,000 population, a risk of this sort could perhaps be considered, certainly not now.” Subsequently, Kanata City Council gave its support for the project and the petition to the provincial government, though by a narrow vote of 4-3. Standard, March 30, 1979:1,2,4.
April 9, 1979
Kanata City Council approved the construction of a fire station in the rural part of the municipality, to be funded by money authorized by the former Township of March. Kanata Standard, April 12, 1979:14.
April 9, 1979
The Kanata Public Library opened a temporary facility in Glen Cairn, next to the Glen Cairn Arena. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:1.
April 10, 1979
The 1979 budget of $33,666,852 for the Carleton Separate School Board was approved. As William Broadfoot reported, this amount allowed for an expenditure up to the ceiling set by the Ministry of Education of $1409 per pupil. Difficult decisions were made during the budgetary process, however the Board managed to budget to maintain the current pupil-teacher ratio and the same quality of programs. Kanata Standard, April 27:9.
April 12, 1979
It was reported that Wayne Hutt, Manager of Thermocell Insulation, and Dan Ciona, Administrator for the City of Kanata, had met to discuss some of the difficulties with paper collection. The amount of paper collection had greatly exceeded the previous year, to the point where Thermocell’s collection ability was overloaded. Kanata Standard, April 12, 1979:1
April 12, 1979
Federal Conservative MP Paul Dick announced his candidacy for Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton. Dick was first elected in 1972. Kanata Standard, April 12, 1979:14.
April 12, 1979
The new Executive for Kanata Ladies Bowling was announced. It included Erm Boyd, Mich Gardner, Wafa Abov, Carol Redmond, Alana Schyburt, and Mina Blovin. Kanata Standard, April 12, 1979:15.
April 12, 1979
It was reported that Newton Steacy spoke to KBCA about the incorporation of the Kanata Standard, and expressed that it would be postponed because it was a very complicated task to be attempted at the time. Kanata Standard, April 12, 1979:1 Kanata Standard, April 12, 1979:6.
April 18, 1979
The March Sailing Club held its General Meeting. Members voted to make amendments to the constitution and change their name to the Kanata Sailing Club. Kanata Standard, April 27:16.
April 19, 1979
Students and staff at Earl of March School opened their production of “Swinging High.” Ron Andoff stated that they did a “bang up job” on the musical. Kanata Standard, April 12, 1979:1; Kanata Standard, April 27:1.
April 19, 1979
It was reported that after a successful campaign the Standard would be delivered in Glen Cairn to subscribers only. This marked a departure from the Standard’s concept of delivery to every household, which was the result of the Glen Cairn Community Association’s decision not to support a citywide distribution of the Standard. Kanata Standard, April 27:1.
April 26, 1979
A presentation by the Canadian Design Council honoured both the developers and residents of the community. Kanata had previously impressed a jury traveling across Canada visiting towns, city neighborhoods and prestigious areas of suburbia. Sharon Clayton stated that Kanata “impressed the judges with its landscaping, especially the rock outcroppings that have been used to dramatic advantages.” Three plaques were presented, one to Mayor Wilkinson, another to Ratan Rege of Campeau Corporation, and the third to William Teron, who was the driving force behind the creation of Kanata. Marianne Wilkinson later stated in her Commentary: “The award was not based solely on physical design of the community, but also on the evident interest of the residents and the active involvement between the residents and the municipal government in creating and maintaining the community design concepts.” Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:1,2.
April 26, 1979
The Nepean Arts Association held its inaugural meeting. Its objectives included fostering public awareness of the visual and performing arts, encouraging co-operation among artistic groups, promoting future developments, facilities, and programs for artistic activities, and serving as a liaison with regional, provincial and national arts bodies. Kanata Standard, October 12, 1979:18.
April 27, 1979
Through an editorial in the Standard, the need for a pedestrian overpass to bridge the Queensway was questioned. Kanata City Council had previously promoted the construction of the bridge. In a letter to the Editor, Ihor Nakonecznyj also questioned the logic supporting the overpass, and concluded that more questions needed to be dealt with before spending over half a million dollars and “satisfying a need which may turn out to be a political illusion.” Kanata Standard, April 27:2.
April 27, 1979
Tony Jarvis introduced his new column for the Standard, The Kanata Industrial Scene. His goal was to increase the media coverage of the industrial sector. Kanata Standard, April 27:6.
April 27, 1979
It was reported that Operation Identification was underway in Glen Cairn. Engravers were making their rounds of homes to put identifying marks on valuable items. Kanata Standard, April 27:11,14.
April 27, 1979
A candidate profile for Paul Dick, PC MP for Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton, appeared in the Kanata Standard. Dick stated: “We must get Canada going again.” Kanata Standard, April 27:13.
April 27, 1979
The new executive for the South March Women’s Institute, the result of an Annual General Meeting, was published in the Standard. It included Brenda Turner, Donna Cummings, June Denys, Nicole Butler, Mary Noble, Nancy Medynski, Shirley Yakabuski, Myrt Nugent, Katie Vance, Angela Tucker, Ann Ward, and Joyce Arrowsmith. Kanata Standard, April 27:14.
April 27, 1979
Walter Baker, PC candidate in the riding of Nepean-Carleton, had an article published in the Standard. Baker stated that “Pierre Trudeau’s monuments clutter the landscape; low morale in the Public Service; a language policy intended to unite but which has in fact divided; young people worried about their futures; a tax system that burdens small business and drains incentive; a country that thinks more in terms of its parts than the sum of its parts — all of this created by a ‘leadership’ which is more style than substance.” Kanata Standard, April 27:18.
April 27, 1979
An article appeared in the Standard featuring Pat Carroll, former March Township Councillor and principal of AY Jackson Secondary School in Kanata, as the Liberal candidate for the riding of Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton. Carroll had been living and involved in Kanata since 1972. Carroll stated that Canada is not on the “brink of disaster,” and that the country had done well in the past decade in comparison with other OECD countries. Kanata Standard, April 27:21.
May 1, 1979
It was the official opening of the Katimavik Hazeldean Community Centre, concurrent with the first Kanata City Council meeting in that community. Murray Duke, Chairman of the Katimavik Hazeldean School Task Force, reviewed the findings and recommendations of the report to Council. Maurice Dubras stated in his Council In Action column: “The level of support Council gives to the Task Force findings will be critical when it comes to persuading the School Board to revise its construction schedule. There appeared to be very little doubt in the minds of those residents present or represented that a community school is very high on their priority list.” Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:1,22.
May 11, 1979
It was reported that there were over 325 paid subscribers of the Kanata Standard in Glen Cairn. Gaining subscriptions in the area became a necessary move due to the lack of support for the Standard from the Glen Cairn Community Association. Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:2.
May 11, 1979
A Standard editorial stated that not much was learned at a recent All Candidates Meeting and stated: “Paul Dick, the PC man attacked the Prime Minister, the Liberal hopeful, Pat Carroll attacked the Leader of the Opposition and Colin Gilhuly from the NDP spoke of the rosy future that we could have under that party, if by some miracle , they could form a Government.” Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:2.
May 11, 1979
Carol Dougherty wrote an article on John Cabotto, a Kanata restaurant operated by Dominique and Angleo. She raved that they “set about to determine the gastronomical needs of the community and in my opinion have succeeded in meeting those needs.” Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:9.
May 11, 1979
In his regular column, The Kanata Industrial Scene, Tony Jarvis featured Digital Equipment of Canada Ltd. Company president, Denny Doyle, commented on the decision to locate in Kanata that the protection of jobs for employees living in the area was a primary concern. Doyle stressed the high community involvement of the firm. Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:10.
May 15, 1979
The Annual Meeting of the March Hockey Association was held at the Bill McNeill Memorial Hall. Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:15.
May 20, 1979
The interior of the home of Joan Geeck on Jackson Court was damaged by a fire. The house was owned by Cathy Boyden. There was in excess of $10,000 damage to the house; the household pets, a Highland Terrier and several gerbils, were lost in the fire. Kanata Standard, May 25, 1979:1.
May 21, 1979
Mayfair 1979 and its various events began. The Rural area of Kanata won the annual Mayfair Lob-Ball Tournament. It was also the 14th Annual Dance and Casino. Over 400 people attended the dance May 26. Kanata Standard, May 11, 1979:12-13; Kanata Standard, June 8, 1979:6,7
May 22, 1979
In the federal election, Paul Dick was re-elected as MP in Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton and Walter Baker was re-elected MP in Nepean-Carleton.
May 25, 1979
Glen Cairn resident Jennifer Anne Waugh won the Jean Phillips, Campership to Camp Bitobi award. The camp, in Gracefield Quebec, was for explorers and other young girls looking for summer fun in a religious atmosphere. Kanata Standard, May 25, 1979:3.
May 28, 1979
Stephen Leacock School grade six students said their good-byes to Quebec exchange students on their return to Kanata. The exchange was part of an immersion program initially proposed by Principal Robert Bullock. Kanata Standard, June 8, 1979:1.
May 29, 1979
A public forum on Declining Enrolment and The Community was held to discuss reduced education funding by the Ontario government and enrolment issues. Kanata Standard, May 25, 1979:14.
May 29, 1979
The Annual General Meeting of the Local Association of Kanata Guides and Brownies was held. The new executive included H. Bennett, Sandra Plumley, P. Williams, J. Arrowsmith, J. Higgins, S. Lewis, V. Guy, O. Froud, R. Hooey, P. Gale, D. Lougheed, N. Mackay, J. Williams, V. Westmore, Y. Ludlow, B. Thamer, and P. Conacher. Kanata Standard, June 8, 1979:4.
June 4, 1979
Changes occurred to the No.73 bus schedule. The changes, approved by the Kanata Transportation Committee, also eliminated the No. 70, and extended the No. 46 route to Bridlewood. Kanata Standard, May 25, 1979:1,3.
June 5, 1979
Kanata City Council approved its 1979 budget. Expenditures were estimated at $3,208,074. The mill rate remained the same as it had been for March Township the previous year. Bridlewood mill rates decreased 40 percent. Glen Cairn Community experienced roughly a 12 percent decrease. Marianne Wilkinson later commented that the 1979 budget “should keep the City in a healthy financial state.” Kanata Standard, June 8, 1979:1,12.
June 8, 1979
In his column The Kanata Industrial Scene, Tony Jarvis featured Lumonics Research Ltd. Jarvis reported that since the inception of the laser firm in 1970, Lumonics had grown at a rate better than 50 percent annually, “developing a wide range of laser products for both scientific and industrial applications.” Kanata Standard, June 8, 1979:2.
June 8, 1979
The results of the Mayfair pet show were published in the Standard. Winners of the four main categories were Kirk Brant's tarantula, Alison Bill's cat Tiger, Rob Holt's spoodle Muffin, and Brenda Bedford's keeshound Dusty. Kanata Standard, June 8, 1979:5.
June 9, 1979
The Kanata Ballet School presented their bi-annual recital. Sharon Clayton, in a review of performance, stated that she was “impressed with the professional atmosphere on the stage, and behind the scenes.” Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:9.
June 11, 1979
A new executive was selected at a Glen Cairn Community Association meeting. It included Colin Gillieson, Leon Asselstine, Barry Martin, Graham Ball, Joe Ryan, and Cathy Ireland. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:3.
June 13, 1979
A book-publishing celebration at a Katimavik home was held. Louise Reynolds, with the assistance of her husband Ralph, researched and wrote Agnes, the Biography of Lady Macdonald. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:9.
June 16, 1979
There was an official opening of the Glen Cairn Flood Control Works. Mayor Marianne Wilkinson and Councilors Charlie Rogers, and Bob Kingham attended. The Carp River, which had flooded the Glen Cairn area since the 1970's, was to be detained in a reservoir and released at a slow rate. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:1.
June 19, 1979
Final approval was given by Kanata City Council for the pedestrian overpass to bridge the Queensway. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:1.
June 19, 1979
Kanata City Council gave preliminary approval for the Hazeldean Centre, a shopping mall located on the northwest side of the intersection of Hwy. 7 and Young Road in Katimavik/Hazeldean. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:1.
June 19, 1979
Kanata City Council decided to adopt pay-as-you-go rates for the three Kanata pools. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:1.
June 19, 1979
The Town Centre Secondary Plan and the Rural Plan were both approved by Regional Council. There were only minor word changes to the Town Centre Plan, and development was expected to proceed on a limited basis later in the year. Kanata Standard, June 22, 1979:1,12.
June 25, 1979
Mayor Marianne Wilkinson was on hand to officially inaugurate the new Katimavik Pool. Kanata Standard, July 6, 1979:12.
July 3, 1979
Kanata Scouts Alex Guruprasad, Stephen Heard, Michael Nyenhuis, and Joe Nyenhuis began their travel to Denmark and Sweden, to attend an international camp in Sweden. Kanata Standard, July 20, 1979:20.
July 6, 1979
It was reported that the Ontario Municipal Board had approved Kanata’s request to debenture $200,000 towards the construction of the pedestrian bridge over the Queensway. The total cost was estimated at $438,000. Kanata Standard, July 6, 1979:1.
July 6, 1979
It was reported that the federal government had awarded a $30,000 contract to Mitel Corporation of Kanata to study silicon chip production for Telidon. Kanata Standard, July 6, 1979:11.
July 20, 1979
The Kanata Public Library Board announced that plans were underway for a new branch library in Kanata South. A sub-committee was struck for further investigation. Kanata Standard, July 20, 1979:2.
July 22, 1979
Two cars, driven by Bruce McLean and Steve Kominski, collided at the intersection of Teron and Beaverbrook Roads. There was extensive damage to both cars and only minor injury to a pedestrian. Kanata Standard, August 3, 1979:10.
July 28, 1979
Bridlewood held a birthday party to celebrate its second year of growth. Kanata Standard, July 20, 1979:7; Kanata Standard, August 3, 1979:1.
August 3, 1979
A proposed expansion for the March Montessori School was finalized. This was driven by a growing demand for Montessori education in the community. Kanata Standard, August 3, 1979:9.
August 8, 1979
As part of Project 4000, the first Vietnamese family arrived in Kanata. The Voong’s were set up in a house donated by Campeau Corporation for one year, including heat and hydro. Project 4000 had been previously launched by Ottawa Mayor Marion Dewer, who had also recommended that Kanata set up a committee to coordinate local efforts. Subsequently, a Co-ordinating Committee was struck. Kanata Standard, July 20, 1979:1,2; Kanata Standard, August 17, 1979:1.
August 14, 1979
Kanata City Council recommended that the Mayor’s annual salary would rise from $11,000 to $20,000 and the Aldermen’s from $4,500 to $6,500. It would come under final approval in September, 1979. Kanata Standard, August 17, 1979:1.
August 17, 1979
In a letter to the editor, Maurice Dubras and his family said their good-byes to Kanata. They stated: “We are about to embark on a very different life style in the knowledge that no other urban community could compare with Kanata. Kanata Standard, August 17, 1979:2.
August 28, 1979
Two Kanata youths, 17-year-old Douglas Conner and 16-year-old Chris Quinsey, were killed in an automobile accident. The incident took place on the Huntley Town Line Road, where the vehicle overturned into the Carp River. Kanata Standard, August 31, 1979:1.
August 31, 1979
It was reported that 17-year-old Kanata resident Lindsay Eltis had won an all-expense-paid trip to the Alberta oil sands. He had participated in the Canada-wide Science Fair in London Ontario, and was recognized as having the best environment-related project in the fair’s senior division. Kanata Standard, August 31, 1979:1.
August 31, 1979
Meetings between officials from the City of Kanata ad the Provincial Ministry of Culture and Recreation were held to discuss a proposed $12,000 recreation study for the City. It was to be completed by August, 1980. Kanata Standard, August 31, 1979:1.
September 8, 1979
A successful Glen Cairn Fun Fair was held. Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:1.
September 12, 1979
Kanata City Council met in the Katimavik Community Centre, and asked residents for input on alterations to ward boundaries. Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:1.
September 12, 1979
An extreme-noise by-law was proposed by Kanata City Council, which would prohibit many normal activities if they produced an audible sound. Only Alderman Bob Kingham objected. Activities prohibited at various hours or days would include racing the engine of a car, operating a lawn mower, operating a radio or hi-fi set, yelling, barking by a dog, ringing of Church bells, etc. Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:1.
September 14, 1979
A Standard editorial emphasized that the newspaper, as a rather large community-owned operation, relied heavily on volunteers. The editors stated that recent editions had been lacking in “hard” news and investigative articles, due to their “cadre of volunteers” becoming “alarmingly small.” Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:2.
September 14, 1979
The Interlangues School of Languages announced the opening of its West End School in Kanata. Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:7.
September 14, 1979
It was reported that a group of residents, led by Alderman Jean Gubby, were pushing for a Committee to support the Ottawa Civic Hospital’s five year Development Plan. Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:16.
September 16, 1979
A ceremonial sod-turning occurred at St. Paul’s Anglican Church to mark the beginning of construction of a new church hall. Kanata Standard, September 28, 1979:1.
September 16, 1979
A Kanata concert debut to begin the fall season was held at the Earl of March Auditorium. Kanata Standard, September 28, 1979:9.
September 22, 1979
The Kanata Singles began their fall season of dances. Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:14.
September 28, 1979
In a Standard editorial, Isa Clayton criticized Council for spending valuable time on things like the recently proposed anti-noise by-law. Clayton stated: “As it stands Kanata has far too MANY restrictions” and that if Council “have nothing more constructive to do with OUR time, we employ them on a part-time basis.” Kanata Standard, September 28, 1979:2.
September 28, 1979
Bob Kingham stated in a Standard article that the noise by-law recently introduced by Kanata City Council had “evoked more public interest in our new city than any other single issue since the election.” He had received around 50 calls on the issue. Kanata Standard, September 28, 1979:1.
September 28, 1979
The City of Kanata and the Recreation Department opened a room in the John Mlacak Centre to be used as a Teen Centre. Kanata Standard, September 28, 1979:11.
September 29, 1979
The 7th Annual City of Kanata Oktoberfest was held. Kanata Standard, September 14, 1979:10-11.
October 3, 1979
The Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association held a General Meeting. It was reported as being a very “contentious” meeting, which eventually led to the adoption of a new constitution and set of by-laws. A motion was also passed to extend the term of the current Board of Directors and Executive to June 15, 1980. Kanata Standard, October 12, 1979:1.
October 9, 1979
In a Kanata City Council meeting, Mayor Wilkinson indicated that there may be potentially large increases in taxes. Kanata Standard, October 12, 1979:1.
October 12, 1979
The City of Kanata Auditor’s Report for 1979 was published in the Standard. Kanata Standard, September 28, 1979:12-13.
October 13, 1979
There was a musical performance by David Gailbraith and Friends. Fred Boyd reported that the presentation made for a “very enjoyable evening.” Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:20.
October 15, 1979
A meeting was held to discuss the future of the Kanata Standard newspaper. Plans were put in place to ensure meeting growing needs and opportunities of the “enlarged” paper. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:1.
October 17, 1979
The Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association held its New Residents’ Night. Over 50 people attended. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:1.
October 17, 1979
Steinberg’s 9th and largest store was opened for business at Hazeldean Mall. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:5.
October 17, 1979
Towers Department Store opened in Hazeldean Mall. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:6.
October 18, 1979
The Stittsville and District Snowmobile Association held its Annual General Meeting. Kanata Standard, October 12, 1979:8.
October 20, 1979
The Kinsmen Club of West Carleton held their 1st Annual Lobster & Beef Night. Over 300 people attended the event.
October 24, 1979
The Kanata Theatre opened its season with Forty Carets. It was directed by Laurence Thornton and the cast included Marg Awthority, Murray Hayes, Rosie Keneford, Mary Mauger, Jennifer Jermyn, Paula Wilke, Liane Freedman, Bob Knight, Jim Ritchie, and Barrie Kirk. Kanata Standard, October 12, 1979:18.
October 26, 1979
A feature article in the Standard outlined events rendering a hydro utility possible in Kanata. Art Bowker was reported as stating that he was recommending that a hydro utility be established for the City, and that the final report would go to the Minister of Energy. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:1.
October 26, 1979
The Air Cadet League of Canada, in cooperation with the Kiwanis Club, announced their intent to form an Air Cadet Squadron in Kanata. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:11.
October 26, 1979
The New Amended Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association Constitution of October 3 was published in the Standard. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:14-15.
October 26, 1979
Regional Council held a Special Regional Council meeting to deal with the report on Environmental Lands, formerly called Conservation Lands for the Region. A provision was made to allow some use of plans of subdivision to permit both landowners and local municipalities to have a greater degree of flexibility in dealing with the use of environmental lands. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:18-19; Kanata Standard November 9, 1979:1,12; Kanata Standard, November 9, 1979:1,12.
October 26, 1979
Information on the new Kinsmen Participark was published in the Standard. Kanata Standard, October 26, 1979:21-3.
October 30, 1979
An official reception was held to celebrate the opening of Hazeldean Mall. Kanata Standard, November 9, 1979:10
November 6, 1979
The Carleton School Board Committee held a Whole Committee meeting to consider the five-year capital plan and the priorities for future school construction. Kanata Standard, November 9, 1979:2.
November 9, 1979
A feature in the Standard updated Project 4000 and the status of the first Vietnamese family sponsored in Kanata as part of the program. Kanata Standard, November 9, 1979:1,12.
November 20, 1979
There was a sod-turning ceremony to mark a major expansion of the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Commercial Products, located in the Kanata North Industrial Park. Kanata Standard, November 23, 1979:1.
November 22, 1979
Kanata youth Bill Casley was presented with a personal bravery award by the Kanata-Carleton Rotary Club. The previous August, Casley had pulled David Malloy from a burning car just before it exploded. November 23, 1979:11.
November 23, 1979
The President of the National Capital Equestrian Park announced that a Wintario grant approval was given to cover 50 percent, or $416,612, of an all-weather indoor riding arena. Kanata Standard, November 23, 1979:13.
November 26, 1979
A meeting was held in Rural March to discuss whether or not to remain part of Kanata or to become part of West Carleton.
November 27, 1979
Kanata City Council passed a by-law authorizing the acquisition of land, the design and construction of a library in Glen Cairn. It was estimated to cost $502,000. Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:13.
November 27, 1979
Kanata City Council approved the acquisition of land and the architectural design fees for a new rural fire hall, estimated at $155,000.
November 30, 1979
Mitel officially opened its Kanata headquarters. The company was already planning further expansion to its Kanata, Ogdensburg and Puerto Rico plants. Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:21.
December 1, 1979
The City of Kanata celebrated its 1st birthday. Approximately 400 people attended a the festivities at Glen Cairn Community Centre. Campeau Corporation provided several birthday gifts, including a Campeau University Scholarship, a giant outdoor skating rink, and a giant toboggan run. Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:1.
December 1, 1979
Mayor Wilkinson presented the Kingham family with a mounted picture of their winning logo design for the City of Kanata at the City’s 1st birthday. Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:31.
December 4, 1979
Kanata City Council opened their meeting with a tribute to Alderman Lund for his work on the Hydro Committees leading up to an agreement to set up a city Hydro Utility. Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:1.
December 4, 1979
Kanata City Council approved a motion in principle to change the name of Highway 17 to March Road. Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:4.
December 7, 1979
An article by Carol Dougherty, based on interview with Mayor Marianne Wilkinson with regard to the first year of the City of Kanata, was published in the Standard. Dougherty wrote: “Not unlike the parents of a first newborn, the mayor and council have frequently relied upon trial and error and upon their own judgment to make decisions. In fact the lack of precedent, policy or procedure has forced council to learn through experience and to grow with the city.” Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:6.
December 7, 1979
Bob Kingham commented in an article in the Standard on the first year of the City of Kanata. Kingham stated: “...you cannot make a community by Law. First and foremost it takes people — not a faceless legion, but neighbours and friends whose membership in Kanata derives from a conscious sense of belonging.” Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:7.
December 7, 1979
Doug Nash wrote A Year of Reflection, to commemorate Kanata’s birthday. He stated: “I count this first year as a beneficial learning experience. I now realize that the provincial government has a great deal of jurisdiction over how a municipality operates, and it has been a very revealing experience to study the fine points of the Ontario Municipal Act.” Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:8.
December 7, 1979
Charlie Rogers’ article, A Year in Review, outlined his participation in the first year of the City of Kanata. Rogers stated: “We are suffering from growing pains (possibly some headaches still around from motherhood), but I feel that we are progressing at a reasonable rate considering the circumstances and I look forward to a better progress rate in the next twelve months.” Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:9.
December 7, 1979
Marianne Wilkinson, in her Commentary, reflected on the past year as Mayor of the new City of Kanata. She stated that the year had been full of “challenges, of accomplishments, of frustrations, of pleasure, of hard work, of long hours, and of tremendous encouragement and assistance given to me by the residents of Kanata, the members of Council and particularly by the Kanata City Staff.” Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:14.
December 7, 1979
It was reported that three new refugee families had arrived in the Kanata area, as part of the ongoing Project 4000 program. Kanata Standard, December 7, 1979:30.
December 11, 1979
The speed limit on Eagleson Road from Highway 7 to Timm Drive was lowered from 80 km/h to 60 km/h. Kanata Standard, Jan. 11, 1980:4.
December 21, 1979
In a letter to the Editor, E. C. Prince criticized Kanata City Council for allowing the construction of the Participark, calling it “another pillaging of the natural landscape and thus the loss of the pastoral scene.” Kanata Standard, December 21, 1979:2.
Pentax K-3, DA 18-135mm f3.5-5.6 WR
I called this success as we tried getting Winnie in this yesterday and it was like we were trying to murder him. He growled, spat, hissed, bit and clawed to not get in. I need him to accept the carrier so I can bring him to the lake. Otherwise he stays at home and my Dad pops in and feeds him. Not a disaster but the cat really gets bent out of shape when I go away and I'd rather have him come and stay with me. Anyway we left it on the floor for him to check out and I will test out closing the door and carrying him and then take a test ride in the car. Eventually he'll hopefully adjust and be happy being a lake cat and a city cat.
Coyote Hills Regional Park: This white-tailed kite dove into the grass and came up with a mouse or a vole, and took it back to its perch to eat it.
Her curls came out nice and neat. No more matted or flattened sections. My concern now is how to keep it this way. I don't have a good place to store her upright, so I'm worried the curls will just get flattened again.
Image source: Queensland State Archives Item ID ITM1102540 Expo 88, Human Factor sculpture and living statue performer, Brisbane.
Australia was approaching its bicentennial celebrations, and after Brisbane’s success hosting the 1982 Commonwealth Games, Brisbane City Council and the Queensland State Government were confident they could win the bid to hold the next World Exhibition.
Brisbane won the right to hold the event and Expo 88 was officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on 30 April 1988. By the time it closed, it had changed the way the world saw Brisbane and helped shaped the city as we know it today.
Starting with an estimated budget of $645 million, the Queensland State Government developed a World Expo that would recoup and support its own costs and promote international investment in Queensland, both during and after the event. South Bank, badly damaged in the 1973–74 floods, was chosen and the site acquired for $150 million. Developers completed construction on time and within budget. The targets set for ticket sales were reached 11 weeks before Expo 88 had even opened. It was off to a smashing start.
Celebrating ‘Leisure in the age of technology’, there was an incredible range of pavilions, performances, parades, comedy and artwork on show. Guests could experience over 50 restaurants filled with flavours from around the globe. Hosted over six months, it drew more than 18 million people to the renewed South Bank parklands district. An average of 100,000 people a day entered the gates.
An influx of royalty, celebrities and international visitors came to Brisbane for the exhibition, but it was Queensland residents who attended the most often, purchasing 500,000 season tickets. Expo 88 provided something the city needed: an easy-to-access recreational facility with exciting things to do, see and experience. Brisbanites returned again and again to socialise and enjoy the festival atmosphere.
The monorail was one of the most popular attractions. Giving travellers a view of the entertainments from above, it operated along a 2.3-kilometre track during Expo 88, taking up to 44,000 visitors a day from one side of Expo to the other, along the Brisbane River. Built by Swedish manufacturer Von Roll, the monorail cost $12 million and comprised four MkII trains with nine carriages each. The idea of keeping the monorail operating after Expo and extending it into the Brisbane CBD was discussed. Ultimately, the existing monorail wasn’t a feasible long-term people-moving solution and it was disbursed. Three trains were sold back to Von Roll and were used in Germany’s Europa-Park. The remaining train and some tracks were incorporated into the Sea World theme park on the Gold Coast.
Some of the most significant installations, exhibitions and artworks from Expo 88 were relocated and continue to be enjoyed today. Ken Done AM, a prominent Australian artist and designer, was commissioned to produce the entry and exit statement art pieces for the Australia Pavilion. Using the word ‘Australia’, Done produced a sign nearly six metres tall that could not be missed by anyone who attended Expo 88. The letters have since been restored and are on display at the Caboolture Heritage Village. The Nepal Peace Pagoda was the only international pavilion that remained on-site, after a petition asking that it remain attracted about 70,000 signatures. The Japan Garden and Pond were gifted to the city of Brisbane and moved to the Botanic Gardens at Mt Coot-Tha.
The buzz of activity, the investment in South Bank’s infrastructure and the spotlight on Brisbane transformed the city. The physical legacy left by Expo 88 turned South Bank into a thriving social space and prominent cultural hotspot: 42 hectares was dedicated to the construction of the South Bank Parklands.
Story source: Queensland State Archives Blog: When the world comes to town: Expo 88
Fonte : Wikipedia
The group was founded in 1981 under the name Paradox by drummer Kelly David-Smith and guitarists Pete Mello and Dave Goulder, who were later joined by bassist Jason Newsted. Jason had answered a newspaper ad that Kelly had placed in the local newspaper looking for a bass player. Jason came to Phoenix with his band Gangster from Michigan on their way to California, but Gangster broke up while in Phoenix. Kelly got a call from a couple of his high school friends, Mark Vasquez and Kevin Horton, looking for some people to jam with playing covers of bands such as Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, MSG, and UFO. The band then morphed into "Dredlox" together with the new recruits, Jason was now the main vocalist.
Kelly saw "A.K." (Eric A. Knutson) singing "The Goodbye Girl" at his high school talent show. In 1982 they were in the same summer school class and Kelly asked Knutson if he wanted to audition. They put him on 2-week probation and he later joined the band. Due to the provisional nature of his membership, the band referred to Knutson as "the 2 weeker." Ed Carlson, from another local rival band called Exodus (not to be confused with the California Bay Area thrash metal band of the same name), also joined in 1983 after Kevin's departure from the band. The name of the band changed into The Dogz, but it didn't last long. Eventually the band renamed itself "Flotsam and Jetsam" after writing a song inspired by a chapter of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Two Towers.
The band made its live debuts in local clubs and in California and had the opportunity to play with bands such as Megadeth, Armored Saint, Alcatrazz, Malice, Exciter, Mercyful Fate, Riot, Autograph and Icon. In 1985 Mark Vasquez stepped out and 17-year-old Michael Gilbert joined the band. Flotsam and Jetsam released two demo tapes Iron Tears and Metal Shock in 1985.
They created their first video "Hammerhead" from the Metal Shock demo: "We taped it in Jason and Ed's apartment living room. We also made a live video at the infamous Bootlegger in Phoenix", (owned by Gloria Cavalera, currently married to Max Cavalera) These videos and the band's demos made a good impression on record labels. After the band contributed to the Speed Metal Hell II and Metal Massacre VII compilations, they then signed a deal with Metal Blade Records.
1986–1987: Doomsday for the Deceiver
Flotsam and Jetsam recorded their debut album Doomsday for the Deceiver in Los Angeles with producer Brian Slagel and engineer Bill Metoyer. The album was released on the 4th of July in 1986, and was the first in Kerrang!'s history to achieve the 6K rating.
Bassist Jason Newsted, who was also the band's main lyric writer, departed soon after to join Metallica, replacing their bassist Cliff Burton, who died in a bus accident. On Halloween night 1986, Jason played his last gig with Flotsam and Jetsam. The band had asked another local bassist Phil Rind of Sacred Reich to fill in Jason's place for a short time. They then hired Michael Spencer from the Sacramento band Sentinel Beast. Flotsam and Jetsam inked a deal with Metallica's then-label Elektra Records before opening for Megadeth in 1987 on the Peace Sells tour in Europe and America. After touring with Megadeth, the band played selected shows in America with Slayer, Dark Angel, Possessed, Celtic Frost, Sacred Reich and Excel.
1987–1994: No Place for Disgrace, When the Storm Comes Down and Cuatro
Michael Spencer left Flotsam and Jetsam shortly after a U.S. tour in the fall of 1987; his replacement was Troy Gregory. Their second studio album, No Place for Disgrace, was released in May 1988, and includes a cover of Elton John's hit "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" for which a music video was shot. The band toured heavily behind No Place for Disgrace throughout 1988 and 1989. They opened for King Diamond in America, and supported Megadeth, Testament and Sanctuary in Europe on the So Far, So Good... So What! tour. The band also played shows with The Crumbsuckers, Fates Warning, Destruction, Death Angel, D.R.I., Acid Reign and Kreator, and landed a billing for festivals, such as Milwaukee Metalfest, and played at Aardschokdag twice (in May 1988 and April 1989).
In 1989, Flotsam and Jetsam were signed to MCA Records and began work on their third album When the Storm Comes Down, released in May 1990. The band expected to gain recognition with this album, but it suffered from a variety of mixed reviews. Flotsam and Jetsam toured for about a year and a half in support of When the Storm Comes Down; they co-headlined a U.S. tour with Prong, and subsequently toured or played selected shows with bands such as Testament, Savatage, Exodus, Vio-Lence, Sacred Reich, Wrathchild America and a then-unknown Pantera.
Shortly after returning home, bassist Troy Gregory departed to join Prong. Holding auditions in Phoenix, the band hired Jason Ward to fill the role.
Released in 1992, Cuatro marked an evolution in style and songwriting. The band released four singles this time, two of which ("Swatting at Flies" and "Wading Through the Darkness") were shot as music videos. "Wading Through the Darkness" received regular rotation on MTV during their tours that year.
1995–1999: Drift and High
Their fifth album Drift was released in April 1995, with three singles released off of the record. Jason dedicated it to his older brother Jeff Ward, former drummer of such bands as NIN, Ministry, Revolting Cocks and Lard, who died in 1993. A long break followed the release of the album.
During Flotsam and Jetsam's tour with Megadeth and KORN, MCA and Flotsam parted ways, and Flotsam returned to their former label "Metal Blade Records".
Shortly after auditioning a new drummer, Nick Menza of Megadeth insisted that the band check out a friend of Nick's named Craig Nielsen. Nick was there for the auditioning, and Craig Nielsen was hired.
On their 1997 album High the song titles were designed with the font types/logos of famous bands like Iron Maiden, Metallica, Kiss, Van Halen, AC/DC, Judas Priest, Misfits, etc. to pay homage to those whom came before and inspired the band while it was coming up the ranks. The music was more experimental than before, and the album also featured the Lard cover song Fork Boy. Music video was released, Monster to follow-up.
Michael Gilbert and Kelly Smith left the band after the release and were replaced by guitarist Mark Simpson and drummer Craig Nielsen. With the new line-up Flotsam and Jetsam toured in Europe together with Anvil and Exciter.
1999–2002: Unnatural Selection and My God
Unnatural Selection was released in 1999 and Mark Simpson took a short break. He joined the band again in 2000 to record a new album, My God released in May 2001. At that time Eric A.K. had founded a country band, the A.K. Corral. He left the band for a short time to take a break from Metal and pursue his side project. (AK) "I had given Metal my life for a solid 15 years, I took some time to explore other musical flavors." Though Flotsam and Jetsam did not disband, there was a long break at that time. They found a new singer, James Rivera, who took over vocal duties live. Later the band felt that no one other than Eric A.K. could be their singer and Rivera left the band soon after.
2002–2006: Live In Phoenix and Dreams of Death
During 2002 and 2003 the band were active only sporadically, but Eric A.K. rejoined for live dates in the Phoenix and Los Angeles areas in 2003. Tory Edwards was a guest for this tour. A live recording of these shows was released in 2004 as a live concert DVD under the title Live in Phoenix. Signed to the Crash Music label in May 2004 and with Eric A.K. joining the band again officially, they hit the road with Overkill and Death Angel for a series of sold out concerts in Japan.
Spring 2005 Flotsam and Jetsam returned to the studio to work on their new album. The lyrics were mostly inspired by Eric's nightmares. This resulted into a concept album entitled Dreams of Death - like track 2 of No Place for Disgrace. The album was released July 2005.
2006–2011: Live In Japan, Once in a Deathtime, The Cold
The live DVD Live in Japan was released in February 2006 and shows their concert in front of hundreds of screaming Japanese fans at the Citta Club in Tokyo 2004.
Doomsday for the Deceiver was re-released in November 2006 by Metal Blade Records to celebrate the album's twentieth anniversary. This set (2 CD and DVD) includes the original recording of Doomsday and a re-mixed and re-mastered(Digitized)version and also the two Flotsam and Jetsam demos. The bonus DVD includes rare live material, an interview filmed at Kelly's High School and a photo slide-show.
In Spring 2008 Metal Mind Productions remastered and re-released the albums When the Storm Comes Down, Cuatro (including 5 bonus tracks), Drift (including 3 bonus tracks) and Dreams of Death. Unfortunately for the fans No Place for Disgrace could not be remastered due to existing legal issues between the band and their former label Elektra Records.
In March 2008 Flotsam and Jetsam toured in Europe and played at the Metalmania Festival in Poland. This show was filmed and released as DVD Once in a Deathtime in July. Midyear 2008 the band were signed to Driven Music Group, founded by former KORN guitarist Brian “Head” Welch.
After a tour in Europe with support act Neurasthenia in April 2010 Flotsam and Jetsam finished their album The Cold. It was released on September 14, 2010. It was the last album with Mark Simpson on guitar. He left the band in friendship and was replaced by returning guitarist Ed Carlson, who had quit the band in March 2010, to be replaced by Michael Gilbert.
2011–2013: Ugly Noise
Mid 2011, Craig Neilson departed the band soon after Mark Simpson's exit. Former Drummer and founder of Flotsam Kelly David Smith was asked to rejoin after a 14 years absence. The band then embarked on their newest release Ugly Noise. Flotsam would take a new turn and release and record Ugly Noise using the direct-to-fan platform, PledgeMusic. Ugly Noise was released through PledgeMusic on 12-21-12. Members on the Pledge site were the first to hear and download the recording before the public. Each Pledge purchased either a download of the new disc or a package of "exclusive items" only available through Pledge. All income from items sold went to fund the entire project.
Shortly after Flotsam inked a distribution deal with longtime friends '"Metal Blade Records" for worldwide distribution.
After tracking on Ugly Noise, Jason Ward was no longer able to commit to touring with the band any further due to his current personal commitments.
In Jan 2013, Flotsam and Jetsam jumped on board the acclaimed 70000 Tons of Metal in support of Ugly Noise. They then followed up on Testaments, Dark Roots of Thrash Tour US Package included Overkill and Australian metalers 4ARM.
During the tour, Edward Carlson started to have extreme physical pain in his lower back and numbness in his right arm. After the tour, an MRI revealed that he had bulging disks in his upper and lower back causing the dysfunction to occur. Flotsam and Jetsam then recruited guitarist Steve Conley of F5 to step in while they finished out their live commitments.
Flotsam and Jetsam also recruited Michael Spencer to rejoin the ranks in place of Jason Ward. Spencer was the first official bassist after Jason Newsted's departure to Metallica in 1986. He toured with Flotsam in 1987 to Europe on Megadeth's "Peace Sells" tour. Spencer also was a major player in the writing of classic acclaimed recording, "No Place for Disgrace" released on Elekra Records in 1988.
2013–2014: No Place For Disgrace 2014
In June 2013, the band headlined at the Warriors of Metal Festival in Columbus Ohio, then returning home, Flotsam hired manager Jeff Keller(JKM). His roster includes the likes of: UDO, Destruction, Lordi, Hirax, Primal Fear, Satan, Suicidal Angels.
In 2006, after the successful remix and master of the debut album “Doomsday for the Deceiver”, there was a lot of fan requests to have “No Place for Disgrace” follow the same process. After spending some time at the 25-year mark, the band decided to go forward with this idea. The band had some issues with the original production and definition of some of the parts played, due to the speed it was recorded at. Having had success with Ugly Noise through the PledgeMusic process, the band would be able to again gain the rights to this classic with a re-recording and some minor changes.
In the middle of 2013, Flotsam and Jetsam embarked in this monumental task of reviving some songs that, for the most part, had not been played in 20 years. All tracks (except drums) were done at the Flotsam studio with Michael Gilbert at the helm. In December, the project was finished and the re-recording of the classic album "No Place For Disgrace", was again released using PledgeMusic to finance the project.
The album, No Place For Disgrace 2014, was set to release on Feb 14th, 2014 worldwide through Metal Blade Records distribution. NPFD 2014 would feature some of Flotsam's friends from the past as guest musicians, Mark Simpson, Chris Poland, Tory Edwards.
Flotsam and Jetsam is currently ramping up for their (29 show) European tour with Sepultura, Legion of the Damned and Mortillery. The tour kicks off on Feb 7th in Bochum, Germany.
2014–present: No Place on Tour and Beyond, Flotsam and Jetsam and next album
Flotsam toured Europe 4 times in 2014 with a total of 40 shows in all.
Returning home from Europe on 8/11 the band planned to start writing for a new release in 2015. Michael Spencer and Steve Conley would be involved this time in the process. Spencer had written some material previously in 1987 that he took with him after his departure. Flotsam used at some of the archive material from Spencer.
In December 2014, drummer and founding member, Kelly Smith decided to leave the band due to unexpected family matters that required him to be home with his family. Handpicked by Smith to replace him on drums, was longtime friend and Shadows Fall drummer, Jason Bittner. In 2015, Bittner was working on the next album.
On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Flotsam and Jetsam were replacing Bittner (who had recently joined Overkill) with Ken Mary (Fifth Angel, Alice Cooper, House of Lords, TKO, Chastain, Impellitteri). They have also begun work on their thirteenth studio album, which is expected to be released in the spring of 2018.
Impressions during the Session "Success through Ethics " at the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 18, 2017. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Valeriano Di Domenico.
Actress Deborah Clifton and actor/playwright John Kishline during the cast of SUCCESS's interview on Chennai Live 104.8 FM. (Photo by U.S. Consulate General, Chennai)
What became a group quest has ended in a captured bird. Talon (who was on guard duty thus listening to hip-hop music to stay focused) was the actual string man on this mission.
les Trente Glorieuses de Toulouse transfigurée ou défigurée? Curieux mélange entre passé empreint de ruralité et modernisme d'une nouvelle vie citadine, Toulouse a été bousculée durant les Trente Glorieuses. Elle en porte encore la marque. Cachez ce béton que Toulouse ne saurait voir ! Aujourd'hui, pour coller à l'image de Ville rose, les nouvelles constructions sont fréquemment parées de briquettes. Mais lors de son essor économique, de l'après-guerre aux années 70, la ville a aussi vu pousser des immeubles, des usines et des équipements qui rompaient avec la tradition. «Les Trente Glorieuses» imposaient l'image du progrès, ouvraient grandes des brèches pour la voiture (les allées Jean-Jaurès) et multipliaient les étages. «Aujourd'hui, tes buildings grimpent haut», chante Nougaro en 1967, au plus fort des constructions. La halle octogonale au dôme d'ardoises du marché des Carmes ? Jetée à terre. Même chose pour la halle Victor-Hugo, qui laissera la place à un immeuble blanc hérissé de compartiments de béton. Cinquante ans plus tard, parés des vertus du vintage, on les regarderait avec admiration.
500 bâtiments en 30 ans !
En ouvrant une collection «au temps des Trente Glorieuses»*, les éditions toulousaines Loubatières classent le progrès au rayon de la nostalgie. Son rédacteur, l'historien Rémy Pech qui présida l'université du Mirail (construite au début des années 70) rappelle qu'entre 1946 et 1975, «Toulouse gagne près de 110 000 habitants ; la vie quotidienne change profondément, les grands magasins supplantent les boutiques de quartier, on se presse à la foire internationale...». Le quartier du Mirail sortira bientôt de terre. Symbole de la Toulouse moderne, il en est éloigné : les bus 12 et 148 le relient péniblement en attendant l'arrivée du métro, en 1990, alors que la crise s'est installée durablement. Chargé d'un inventaire de l'architecture du siècle dernier en Midi-Pyrénées, l'architecte Rémi Papillault a recensé 693 bâtiments construits à Toulouse, dont 500 pour les seules Trente Glorieuses.
«C'est une période très riche, où des agences remarquées marient le béton aux matériaux traditionnels de la région, la brique et les galets», note l'architecte, citant les immeubles de Gardia et Zavagno, boulevard des Récollets ou l'école de la rue de la chaussée, signée Pierre Debeaux. Cette dernière se fait discrète, dans la continuité urbaine. Nettement plus visibles sont la résidence de la Comtale aux terrasses étagées, près de la gare, le Belvédère aux Récollets ou les premières HLM bien pensées (par Armandary) à Empalot. Il y a aussi le magasin Perry, place Esquirol, qui alterne vitres et panneaux pleins en façade d'un temple de la lingerie.
Perry, en cours de fermeture, est entré dans le paysage, comme le Monoprix de De Noyers et Le Maresquier, mais l'immeuble Citroën boulevard d'Arcole (actuellement Decathlon) a toujours ses détracteurs. Il est pourtant «un des plus beaux de la période», estime l'architecte.
Toulouse défigurée ou transfigurée ? «Le même bâtiment peut faire les deux !» prévient Rémi Papillault. Les Trente Glorieuses ne le sont pas pour tout le monde. Les éditions Loubatières, qui lui consacrent tout un album ont orné la couverture de leur principale victime : le marché des Carmes, construit par Galinier en 1892.
*Toulouse au temps des Trente Glorieuses, textes de Rémy Pech, éd. Loubatières, 109 pages, 25 €
«Entre 1946 et 1975, Toulouse gagne 110 000 habitants, la vie change profondément» Nettement plus visibles sont la résidence de la Comtale aux terrasses étagées, près de la gare, le Belvédère aux Récollets ou les premières HLM bien pensées (par Armandary) à Empalot. Il y a aussi le magasin Perry, place Esquirol, qui alterne vitres et panneaux pleins en façade d'un temple de la lingerie.
Perry, en cours de fermeture, est entré dans le paysage, comme le Monoprix de De Noyers et Le Maresquier, mais l'immeuble Citroën boulevard d'Arcole (actuellement Decathlon) a toujours ses détracteurs. Il est pourtant «un des plus beaux de la période», estime l'architecte.
Toulouse défigurée ou transfigurée ? «Le même bâtiment peut faire les deux !» prévient Rémi Papillault. Les Trente Glorieuses ne le sont pas pour tout le monde. Les éditions Loubatières, qui lui consacrent tout un album ont orné la couverture de leur principale victime : le marché des Carmes, construit par Galinier en 1892.
*Toulouse au temps des Trente Glorieuses, textes de Rémy Pech, éd. Loubatières, 109 pages, 25 €
«Entre 1946 et 1975, Toulouse gagne 110 000 habitants, la vie change profondément» www.ladepeche.fr/.../2232355-trente-glorieuses... Batir la vie - 311 pages. Quelques planches en noir et blanc. 2 photos disponibles.. . . . Classification Dewey : 840.091-XX ème siècle
Bâtir la vie est un récit autobiographique, recueilli et mis en forme en 1977 par Michel Lefebvre. Candilis raconte son extraordinaire parcours, de Bakou à Athènes, Paris, Casablanca ou La Martinique, de sa participation aux CIAM, puis au Team 10 à ses dernières réflexions sur l'habitat contemporain, de la Résistance grecque à l'enseignement à l'Ecole des Beaux Arts. Classification Dewey : 840.091-XX ème siècle. BATIR! www.franceculture.fr/.../batir-la-vie-un... Tel était le rêve de Georges Candilis. C'est devenu une passion. Une passion qui a fait de lui aujourd'hui un célèbre architecte. S'il a toujours tenté, à travers ses recherches et ses réalisations, de réconcilier la maison et la ville, c'est peut-être, en partie, parce que sa jeunesse fut une grande aventure, un long voyage, la quête permanente d'un havre où "se reposer" et où "voir se reposer" les autres.
Né à Bakou en 1913, il part à l'âge de 12 ans pour la Grèce et entre, après ses années de collège, à l'école Polytechnique d'Athènes, section architecture. Il n'abandonnera plus jamais cette discipline. Après la guerre contre les Italiens, la résistance contre les Allemands et les Anglais, une bourse du gouvernement français lui permet, en 1945, de gagner la ville de ses rêves : Paris. C'est là, en effet, que travaille l'un des plus grands architectes de l'époque : Le Corbusier. Intégré à son équipe, il participe de façon directe avec lui à la construction de la fameuse "Maison du Fada" à Marseille.
Déjà se dessinent dans son esprit les grands axes de ses recherches futures : faire des logements "riches" pour les pauvres, des lieux qui servent et respectent l'homme. Ce sont successivement des maisons pour Gitans, des réalisations à la Martinique pour l'habitat tropical, un grand ensemble à Toulouse - Le Mirail - où il tente de créer une ville sans ségrégation ; l'aménagement du Languedoc-Roussillon consacré aux loisirs populaires.
Aujourd'hui, Georges Candilis poursuit son rêve de toujours: mettre au service des plus déshérités- hier, ceux des bidonvilles, qu'il a pu voir en Amérique du Sud - aujourd'hui, ceux des populations sous-développées du Moyen-Orient, sont art de bâtir qui est en même temps un art de vivre. un architecte témoin de son temps - récit recueillli par Michel Lefebvre - Candilis Georges, Lefebvre Mic @ Un homme
D’origine grecque, né à Bakou (1913-1995), l’architecte français Georges Candilis a fait ses études à l’École polytechnique nationale d’Athènes avant de travailler, dès 1946, chez Le Corbusier, sur le projet d’unité d’habitation de Marseille, dont il dirigea le chantier avec l’architecte américain Shadrach Woods (1923-1973).
En 1951, Candilis et Woods vont diriger le bureau africain de l’Atbat (Ateliers des bâtisseurs), structure créée par Le Corbusier, Vladimir Bodiansky et André Wogensky. À son retour en France, Candilis rencontre à l’Atbat l’architecte yougoslave Alexis Josic (1921-2011).
L’aventure de l’équipe Candilis-Josic-Woods commence en 1954. En une dizaine d’années de travail commun (1955-1964), ces trois architectes installés en France ont posé les bases théoriques d’une critique du fonctionnalisme et, à travers d’innombrables chantiers, mis en application à grande échelle les principes d’une architecture nouvelle, dite « proliférante ».
Ils cherchent à produire de nouvelles typologies d’habitats, adaptées aux conditions économiques et sociales des habitants les plus démunis. L’humain est au centre de leurs préoccupations. « Le respect n’a pas de formule, pas de recette. C’est un sentiment que doit posséder l’architecte envers son client ; si la construction peut donner des satisfactions matérielles, l’architecture doit apporter quelque chose de plus : la dignité et la liberté » (Candilis, 1977).
Leur réflexion architecturale absolument nouvelle, centrée sur l’habitat, différera de celle de Le Corbusier et sera plus proche des recherches sur l’habitat minimal menées par les architectes allemands des années vingt.
L’abandon progressif d’une idée rationnelle et normative entraînera l’équipe d’architectes à se retrancher sur des « propositions pour un habitat évolutif », intégrant la problématique de la croissance et du changement à l’échelle de la maison individuelle.
Ils aborderont la question de l’habitat en donnant la priorité à l’organisation du plan.
L’équipe concevra selon un rationalisme subtil à la manière de Louis Kahn (espace servant/espace servi), des fonctions précises : accès, rangements, bains, etc.
Entre autres réalisations, citons l’extension de Bagnols-sur-Cèze et le quartier du Mirail à Toulouse. À partir de 1969, Candilis poursuit seul son activité en tant qu’architecte et urbaniste. Il travaille sur plusieurs projets de logements et d’écoles au Moyen-Orient, ainsi que sur l’aménagement de sites touristiques.
En 1970, entouré de nouveaux collaborateurs, Candilis concevra le village des Carrats à Port-Leucate suivant les principes mis au point antérieurement. Ils reprendront les systèmes en cluster (grappe) et en stem (tiges), métaphores anglo-saxonnes d’un urbanisme scientifique,
séduit par un mode d’organisation organique de l’habitat chère à Patrick Geddes.
Une citation
« L’œuvre la plus importante qui résulte de ce travail, de cette entente, de cette persévérance, est la création de conditions favorables pour permettre aux hommes de se rencontrer, de mieux se connaître. Et la connaissance conduisant à l’amitié renforce la paix entre les peuples. »
G. Candilis, 1977
Sources :
Cité du patrimoine archiwebture.citechaillot.fr/fonds/FRAPN02_CANGE
Granveaud, « Candilis Georges (1913-1995) », Encyclopædia Universalis.
Georges Candilis, Bâtir la vie : un architecte témoin de son temps, Stock, 1977
Un projet
Le village de vacances des Carrats à Port-Leucate a été conçu par les architectes Georges Candilis, Georges Wursteisen, Pierre Raoux et Zygmund Knyszewsky.
Il fait partie des opérations de construction de la Mission Racine, programme pour l’aménagement touristique du littoral du Languedoc-Roussillon, pour lequel Candilis a été nommé architecte en chef en 1964.
Pour l’équipe de Candilis, l’opération des Carrats devient un lieu d’expérimentation architecturale à dimension sociale. Composé de bungalows de formes cubiques, ses toits terrasses, ses patios, les bâtiments collectifs, les nombreux lieux publics (placettes, aires de jeux) ont permis la création d’un lieu idéal où tout était fait pour tendre vers un bonheur individuel et collectif.
Les architectes de la Team 10 (1), dont faisait partie Candilis, insistaient sur la relation de l’architecture avec la « quatrième dimension ». Les concepts clés « d’espace/temps » et de « mouvement », devaient être associés à ceux, de « plasticité », « mobilité », « flexibilité » et « évolution », dans le combat pour une redéfinition de l’architecture humaniste, une architecture de communauté.
En 1961, la Team X avec les concepts de Stem et de web récuse le dogme du zoning fonctionnel de la charte d’Athènes, et son outil de mesure le Zipaton : une trame plastifiée mécanique qui, une fois collée sur le papier, marquait un type général d’utilisation, plutôt qu’un volume ou une forme en particulier.
Se basant sur ces deux concepts, la prise en compte de la fonction ne se fonde plus seulement sur l’espace, elle intègre l’échelle de l’homme dans ses déplacements et son temps de parcours à l’intérieur des espaces (2).
Le concept de stem (tige) est utilisé comme un moyen d’organiser l’urbanisme de masse. Plus concrètement, le stem était une zone piétonne continue reliant les principaux équipements urbains. Le stem central est considéré comme la structure fondamentale, à la fois sociale et matérielle, des ensembles résidentiels.
Le stem apparaît pour la première fois dans leur projet pour le concours de Caen-Hérouville, puis à Toulouse-Le Mirail. Il s’enrichit par la suite avec le cluster des « grappes » de constructions de petites et de grandes hauteurs s’articulent autour des espaces publics (stem) qui se prolongent dans les îlots résidentiels.
Le concept continuera son évolution avec l’apparition du Web qui « n’est pas essentiellement un système de circulation, mais un système d’environnement. C’est le moyen d’établir une hiérarchisation à grande échelle, qui par son existence rend possible une expression individuelle à très petite échelle. Le Web doit être un système hautement flexible dans un monde d’une grande mobilité. La flexibilité est garantie par l’uniformité de l’intensité initiale des activités sur le Web, de telle sorte qu’il puisse être accroché à n’importe quel point, et qu’il puisse lui-même s’accrocher aux systèmes plus importants à n’importe quel endroit. Ces liaisons déterminent des points de très grande intensité mais la flexibilité première reste toujours et les points de densité qui surviennent à mesure que le Web en vivant devient polycentrique, gardent leur caractère de mobilité. Ces systèmes feront preuve, à leur commencement, d’une intensité d’activité également répartie, de manière à ne pas compromettre l’avenir ». Woods, Paris, août-décembre 1962 (3- 4)
La question du plus grand nombre poussera la Team 10 à innover non seulement sur le registre programmatique ou urbanistique, mais également dans le domaine esthétique.
Les architectes s’intéressent à la rythmique des nombres, grâce au rythme et à la géométrie, les grands nombres devenaient maniables pour la composition et visuellement intelligibles.
Les principes de base en étaient une relation de réciprocité entre la partie et le tout, ainsi qu’une structure non hiérarchique et polycentrique qui reliait entre elles les différentes échelles de l’environnement construit.
C’est dans le prolongement du courant général de l’architecture moderne et de cette restructuration idéologique que naîtra l’opération des Carrats de Port-Leucate en 1969.
Les membres de la Team 10, émergée des Ciam dans les années cinquante, par leurs analyses, dessins, publications, enseignements, ont suscité un profond renouvellement de la pensée moderne sur l’architecture et la ville, car pour eux :
« La structure d’une ville ne tient pas à sa géométrie mais aux activités humaines qu’elle recèle. » Candilis-Josic-Woods, 1964 (5).
Notes :
(1) Le nom de Team 10 fait référence au Xe congrès des CIAM (congrès international d’architecture moderne), pendant lequel, un groupe d’architectes issus du Mouvement moderne remettra en cause les principes de la charte d’Athènes.
Sources :
(2) Source éditoriale Le Carré Bleu quarante ans – 1958-1998, p. 1 à 3.
(3) Source première édition Carré bleu, n° 3, 1962
(4) Carré bleu, numéro 3-4, 1998, p. 44
(5) Dossier de presse Expo en 2008, Cité de l’architecture & du patrimoine. Mouvement moderne : premières autocritiques, Team X, une utopie du présent (1953-1981) LES GRANDS ENSEMBLES @ Bien qu’ils échappent à une définition unique, les grands ensembles sont ty-piquement des ensembles de logement collectif, souvent en nombre impor-tant (plusieurs centaines à plusieurs milliers de logements), construits entre le milieu des années 1950 et le milieu des années 1970, marqués par un urba-nisme de barres et de tours inspiré des préceptes de l’architecture moderne.
Ces grands ensembles, dont plusieurs centaines ont été construits en France, ont permis un large accès au confort moderne (eau courante chaude et froide, chauffage central, équipements sanitaires, ascenseur…) pour les ouvriers des banlieues ouvrières, les habitants des habitats insalubres, les rapatriés d’Algérie et la main-d’oeuvre des grandes industries.
Ils se retrouvent fréquemment en crise sociale profonde à partir des années 1980, et sont, en France, l’une des raisons de la mise en place de ce qu’on appelle la politique de la Ville.
Définition
Il n’y a pas de consensus pour définir un grand ensemble.
On peut toutefois en distinguer deux :
• Selon le service de l’Inventaire du ministère de la Culture français, un grand ensemble est un «aménagement urbain comportant plusieurs bâtiments isolés pouvant être sous la forme de barres et de tours, construit sur un plan masse constituant une unité de conception. Il peut être à l’usage d’activité et d’habitation et, dans ce cas, comporter plusieurs centaines ou milliers de logements. Son foncier ne fait pas nécessairement l’objet d’un remembrement, il n’est pas divisé par lots ce qui le différencie du lotissement concerté».
• Selon le «géopolitologue» Yves Lacoste, un grand ensemble est une «masse de logements organisée en un ensemble. Cette organisation n’est pas seulement la conséquence d’un plan masse; elle repose sur la présence d’équipement collectifs (écoles, commerces, centre social, etc.) […]. Le grand ensemble apparaît donc comme une unité d’habitat relativement autonome formée de bâtiments collectifs, édifiée en un assez bref laps de temps, en fonction d’un plan global qui comprend plus de 1000 logements».
Le géographe Hervé Vieillard-Baron apporte des précisions : c’est, selon lui, un aménagement en rupture avec le tissu urbain existant, sous la forme de barres et de tours, conçu de manière globale et introduisant des équipements règlementaires, comportant un financement de l’État et/ou des établissements publics. Toujours selon lui, un grand ensemble comporte un minimum de 500 logements (limite fixée pour les Zone à urbaniser en priorité (ZUP) en 1959). Enfin, un grand ensemble n’est pas nécessairement situé en périphérie d’une ag-glomération.
Comme on le voit ci-dessus, la détermination d’un seuil de logements peut être débattue. Les formes du grand ensemble sont assez récurrentes, inspirées (ou légitimées) par des préceptes de l’architecture moderne et en particulier des CIAM : ils se veulent une application de la Charte d’Athènes4. Pour autant, on ne peut pas dire qu’il s’agisse d’une application directe des principes de Le Corbusier. Ils sont aussi le fruit d’une industriali-sation progressive du secteur du bâtiment et, notamment en France, des procédés de préfabrication en béton.
Histoire
La Cité de la Muette à Drancy, construite par Eugène Beaudouin, Marcel Lods et Jean Prouvé entre 1931 et 1934 pour l’Office public HBM de la Seine, est traditionnellement considérée comme le premier grand en-semble en France. Elle est même à l’origine du terme de «grand ensemble» puisque c’est ainsi que la désigne pour la première fois Marcel Rotival dans un article de l’époque6. Cette cité, initialement conçue comme une cité-jardin, se transforme en cours d’étude en un projet totalement inédit en France, avec ses 5 tours de 15 étages et son habitat totalement collectif. Cependant, cette initiative reste sans lendemain du moins dans l’immédiat.
Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le temps est à la reconstruction et la priorité n’est pas donnée à l’habitat. Le premier plan quinquennal de Jean Monnet (1947-1952) a avant tout pour objectif la reconstruction des infrastructures de transport et le recouvrement des moyens de production. Par ailleurs, le secteur du bâtiment en France est alors incapable de construire des logements en grande quantité et rapidement : ce sont encore de petites entreprises artisanales aux méthodes de constructions traditionnelles.
Les besoins sont pourtant considérables : sur 14,5 millions de logements, la moitié n’a pas l’eau courante, les 3/4 n’ont pas de WC, 90 % pas de salle de bain. On dénombre 350 000 taudis, 3 millions de logements surpeu-plés et un déficit constaté de 3 millions d’habitations. Le blocage des loyers depuis 19147, très partiellement atténué par la Loi de 1948, ne favorise pas les investissements privés.
L’État tente de changer la situation en impulsant à l’industrialisation des entreprises du bâtiment : en 1950, Eugène Claudius-Petit, ministre de la reconstruction, lance le concours de la Cité Rotterdam à Strasbourg. Ce programme doit comporter 800 logements, mais le concours, ouvert à un architecte associé à une entreprise de BTP, prend en compte des critères de coût et de rapidité d’exécution. Le projet est gagné par Eugène Beau-douin qui réalise un des premiers grands ensembles d’après guerre en 1953. En 1953 toujours, Pierre Courant, Ministre de la Reconstruction et du Logement, fait voter une loi qui met en place une série d’interventions (appelée «Plan Courant») facilitant la construction de logements tant du point de vue foncier que du point de vue du financement (primes à la construction, prêts à taux réduit, etc.) : la priorité est donnée clairement par le ministère aux logements collectifs et à la solution des grands ensembles.
La même année, la création de la contribution obligatoire des entreprises à l’effort de construction (1 % de la masse des salaires pour les entreprises de plus de 10 salariés) introduit des ressources supplémentaires pour la réalisation de logements sociaux : c’est le fameux «1 % patronal». Ces fonds sont réunis par l’Office Central Interprofessionnel du Logement (OCIL), à l’origine de la construction d’un certain nombre de grands ensembles.
Mais le véritable choc psychologique intervient en 1954 : le terrible hiver et l’action de l’Abbé Pierre engage le gouvernement à lancer une politique de logement volontariste. Un programme de «Logements économiques de première nécessité» (LEPN) est lancé en juillet 1955 : il s’agit de petites cités d’urgence sous la forme de pavillons en bandes. En réalité, ces réalisations précaires s’avèrent catastrophiques et se transforment en tau-dis insalubres dès l’année suivante. La priorité est donnée alors résolument à l’habitat collectif de grande taille et à la préfabrication en béton, comme seule solution au manque de logements en France.
Une multitude de procédures administratives
Grands ensembles du quartier Villejean à Rennes par l’architecte Louis Arretche.
Il n’existe pas une procédure type de construction d’un grand ensemble pendant cette période. En effet, de très nombreuses procédures techniques ou financières sont utilisées. Elles servent souvent d’ailleurs à désigner les bâtiments ou quartiers construits à l’époque : Secteur industrialisé, LOPOFA (LOgements POpulaires FAmiliaux), Logecos (LOGements ÉCOnomiques et familiaux), LEN (Logements économiques normalisés), l’opération Million, l’opération «Économie de main d’oeuvre». L’unique objectif de toutes ces procédures est de construire vite et en très grande quantité. Le cadre de la Zone à urbaniser en priorité intervient en 1959, avec des constructions qui ne commencent réellement qu’en 1961-1962.
Les contextes de constructions
Le quartier de La Rouvière (9ème arrondissement) à Marseille construit par Xavier Arsène-Henry.
On peut distinguer 3 contextes de construction de ces grands ensembles à la fin des années 1950 et début des années 1960 :
• de nouveaux quartiers périphériques de villes anciennes ayant pour objectif de reloger des populations ins-tallées dans des logements insalubres en centre-ville ou pour accueillir des populations venues des campagnes environnantes (cas les plus fréquents).
• des villes nouvelles liées à l’implantation d’industries nouvelles ou à la politique d’aménagement du ter-ritoire : c’est le cas de Mourenx (avec le Gaz de Lacq), Bagnols-sur-Cèze ou Pierrelatte (liées à l’industrie nucléaire). On voit aussi des cas hybrides avec la première situation, avec des implantations proches de villes satellites de Paris, dans le but de contrebalancer l’influence de cette dernière : c’est le cas de la politique des «3M» dans le département de Seine-et-Marne avec la construction de grands ensembles liés à des zones in-dustrielles à Meaux, Melun, Montereau-Fault-Yonne.
• des opérations de rénovation de quartiers anciens : le quartier de la Porte de Bâle à Mulhouse, l’îlot Bièvre dans le 13e arrondissement de Paris, le centre-ville ancien de Chelles.
Il est à noter qu’un grand ensemble n’est pas forcément un ensemble de logements sociaux : il peut s’agir aussi de logements de standing, comme le quartier de la Rouvière à Marseille.
Les modes de constructions
Le Haut du Lièvre (3000 logements, construits à partir de 1954), deux des plus longues barres de France, construite par Bernard Zehrfuss sur une crête surplombant Nancy.
Tout est mis en oeuvre pour qu’un maximum d’économies soient réalisées sur le chantier :
• la préfabrication : de nombreux procédés de préfabrications sont mis en oeuvre sur les chantiers permettant un gain de temps et d’argent. Expérimentés au cours des chantiers de la Reconstruction après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ces procédés permettent la construction en série de panneaux de bétons, d’escaliers, d’huisseries mais aussi d’éléments de salles de bains à l’intérieur même du logements. Ces procédés ont pour nom : Camus (expérimenté au Havre et exporté jusqu’en URSS), Estiot (au Haut-du-Lièvre à Nancy) ou Tracoba (à la Pierre Collinet à Meaux). Les formes simples (barres, tours) sont privilégiées le long du chemin de grue (grue posée sur des rails) avec des usines à béton installées à proximité du chantier, toujours dans une recherche de gain de temps.
• une économie de main d’oeuvre : la préfabrication permet de faire appel à une main d’oeuvre peu qualifiée, souvent d’origine immigrée. De grands groupes de BTP bénéficient de contrats pour des chantiers de construc-tion gigantesques, favorisés par l’État.
• les maîtres d’ouvrages sont eux aussi très concentrés et favorise les grandes opérations. La Caisse des dépôts et consignations est ainsi l’un des financeurs incontournables de ce mouvement de construction avec notam-ment sa filiale, la SCIC (Société Civile immobilière de la Caisse des dépôts et consignations), créée en 1954. Elle fait appel à des architectes majeurs des années 1950 et 1960, tels que Jean Dubuisson, Marcel Lods, Jacques Henri Labourdette, Bernard Zehrfuss, Raymond Lopez, Charles-Gustave Stoskopf et elle est à l’ori-gine de nombreux grands ensembles situés en région parisienne, tels que Sarcelles (le plus grand programme en France avec 10 000 logements), Créteil, Massy-Antony.
Les désignations de ces grands ensembles sont à cette époque très diverses : unité de voisinage, unité d’habitation, ville nouvelle (sans aucun rapport avec les villes nouvelles de Paul Delouvrier), villes satellites, ou encore cités nouvelles, etc.Pendant 20 ans, on estime à 300 000 le nombre de logements construits ainsi par an, alors qu’au début des années 1950, on ne produisait que 10 000 logements chaque année. 6 millions de logements sont ainsi construits au total. 90 % de ces constructions sont aidées par l’État.
En 1965, le programme des villes nouvelles est lancé, se voulant en rupture avec l’urbanisme des grands ensembles. En 1969, les zones à urbaniser en priorité sont abandonnées au profit des zones d’aménagement concerté, créées deux ans auparavant. Enfin, le 21 mars 1973, une circulaire ministérielle signée par Olivier Guichard, ministre de l’Équipement, du Logement et des Transports, «visant à prévenir la réalisation des formes d’urbanisation dites « grands ensembles » et à lutter contre la ségrégation sociale par l’habitat», interdit toute construction d’ensembles de logements de plus de 500 unités. La construction des grands ensembles est définitivement abandonnée. La loi Barre de 1977 fait passer la priorité de l’aide gouvernementale de la construction collective à l’aide aux ménages : c’est le retour du pavillonnaire et du logement.
Les guerres jouent un rôle majeur dans l'histoire architecturale d'un pays. Alors que les commémorations orchestrées par la mission Centenaire 1914-1918 battent leur plein, il paraît intéressant de revenir sur ce que la Grande Guerre a représenté pour les architectes, au-delà des destructions et du traumatisme. Ce premier épisode de « mobilisation totale » - suivant les termes utilisés par Ernst Jünger en 1930 -, a notamment entraîné une industrialisation accéléré des processus de production, qui a marqué les esprits. Certains architectes comme Félix Dumail et Marcel Lods se sont alors engagés dans la définition d'un cadre urbanistique nouveau pour le logement social : au sein de l'Office public d'habitations à bon marché du département de la Seine, ils ont largement contribué à l'invention du « grand ensemble ».
La reconstruction de l'après Première Guerre mondiale a souvent été présentée comme une occasion manquée. Cette antienne a même servi de repoussoir après la Seconde. C'est pourtant un bilan à tempérer, puisqu'au sortir de l'une et l'autre, on est parvenu à reconstruire un nombre de logements comparable en valeur relative, dans à peu près le même laps de temps. Plus généralement, les vicissitudes des chantiers de l'entre-deux-guerres tiennent au contexte économique et politique, au problème du moratoire des loyers, aux effets de la crise de 1929, etc., plutôt qu'à une défaillance des savoir-faire des entreprises et des architectes. Dans cette période ouverte cohabitent, au contraire, des procédés constructifs aussi nombreux qu'efficaces. L'élaboration des programmes modernes - logement social, équipements sportifs, sociaux et éducatifs, grande distribution, etc. - est l'objet d'un éventail de recherches d'une grande pluralité. On aura rarement inventé autant de types architecturaux. Ainsi, pour paraphraser ce que Jean-Louis Cohen écrit de la Seconde Guerre (1), on peut suggérer que la Première ne représente pas seulement quatre années de « page blanche », ni même une répétition de la suivante, mais bien, elle aussi, un temps de condensation « technologique, typologique et esthétique ». Si la Seconde Guerre coïncide avec la « victoire » et la « suprématie » de la modernité architecturale, la Premièren'est pas en reste, qui pose les conditions de diffusion du fordisme, de la préfabrication des bâtiments et dessine les contours urbanistiques de la construction de masse.
Certes, le XIXe siècle, avec le Paris d'Haussmann et les expositions universelles, avait largement plus que défricher les champs de la rapidité, de l'étendue et de la quantité, mais, spécifiquement, l'entre-deux-guerres est marqué par le perfectionnement de la répétition (2). Un des effets de la Grande Guerre réside dans l'accélération de la mise en place d'un cadre de production pour le logement collectif et dans la définition progressive du « grand ensemble ». Ce concept, apparu en juin 1935 sous la plume de Maurice Rotival dans L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, ressortit à la tentative « d'un urbanisme contemporain : un urbanisme des habitations » (3). Son héraut est l'Office public d'habitations à bon marché du département de la Seine (OPHBMS) d'Henri Sellier, futur ministre de la Santé publique du Front populaire. Imaginé en 1913, organisé pendant la guerre, l'OPHBMS sera, avant 1939, le maître d'ouvrage de plus de 17 000 logements répartis en une vingtaine d'opérations banlieusardes.
Dans une perspective de généalogie du logement de masse français, il y a grand intérêt à suivre les parcours des architectes de l'OPHBMS pendant la Grande Guerre. Parmi la vingtaine de protagonistes concernés, seuls deux étaient trop âgés pour participer au conflit : Raphaël Loiseau (1856-1925), architecte-conseil, et Alexandre Maistrasse (1860-1951), qui s'applique dès avant l'armistice au projet de la « cité-jardins » de Suresnes, dont Sellier sera maire de 1919 à 1940. Il y livrera près de 2 500 logements. Bien que plus jeune, Maurice Payret-Dortail (1874-1929) n'est pas mobilisé et participe à la mise en place de l'Office durant la guerre, avant de travailler jusqu'à son décès prématuré à une autre grande cité-jardins, celle du Plessis-Robinson. Nés entre 1868 et 1900, les autres architectes correspondent exactement aux classes d'âge appelées au front.
Les figures de Marcel Lods et de Felix Dumail
Deux d'entre eux (4) ont laissé des archives significatives sur ces années : Félix Dumail (1883-1955), un des plus fidèles compagnons de Sellier, et Marcel Lods (1891-1978), brillant cadet entré dans un second temps à l'OPHBMS avec son associé Eugène Beaudouin (1898-1983). Dumail est diplômé de l'Atelier Bernier en 1908 et lorsqu'il est mobilisé, il figure déjà parmi les pionniers du logement social. Lods, quant à lui, est admis dans le même atelier en 1911, mais, conscrit l'année suivante, il ne quitte l'uniforme qu'une fois la guerre terminée. Il obtient son diplôme en 1923, tout en collaborant dès 1921 sur d'importantes opérations HBM avec Albert Beaudouin, architecte de la Société des logements économiques pour familles nombreuses depuis 1907. Celui-ci lui cédera son agence en 1929, ainsi qu'à son neveu Eugène.
Vers des logements sociaux en grande série
Il faut rappeler qu'à l'approche de la guerre, ce que l'on nomme le logement ouvrier se situe à un tournant : fin 1912, la loi Bonnevay a affirmé son caractère public. Elle autorise alors les collectivités locales à constituer des offices d'habitations à bon marché, domaine jusque-là réservé des sociétés anonymes et des fondations philanthropiques. Peu avant, la Ville de Paris a obtenu la possibilité de produire elle-même des logements sociaux. Si les résultats du concours qu'elle lance en 1912 sont suspendus, du fait de ses terrains petits et irrégulier ayant inspiré des propositions peu généralisables, quelques architectes se sont d'ores et déjà essayés à décliner des plans en immeubles libres et cours ouvertes. C'est le cas de Payret-Dortail, lauréat sur le site de l'avenue Émile-Zola, et du jeune groupement Dumail, Jean Hébrard et Antonin Trévelas. Au concours de 1913, ce trio peut développer ses principes à l'échelle plus favorable de vastes terrains. Il se retrouve lauréat de 600 logements rue Marcadet, avec un projet désigné dix ans plus tard comme un des plus avancés des « standards d'avant-guerre » (5). Ce deuxième concours, qui porte l'ambition d'entamer un processus de construction en grande série sur la base de plans-modèles, suscite l'engouement, puisque près de 700 châssis ont été adressés et que, comme l'affirme L'Architecture : « On sent qu'il y a maintenant une génération d'architectes s'intéressant à la question des habitations à bon marché, et qui l'ont comprise. » (6) Sellier ne s'y trompe pas, qui forme, entre 1916 et 1921, la première équipe d'architectes-directeurs de l'OPHBMS en puisant parmi les lauréats des concours parisiens : Albenque et Gonnot ; Arfvidson, Bassompierre et de Rutté ; Hébrard et Dumail, Maistrasse, Payret-Dortail, Pelletier, Teisseire.
L'entrée en guerre, dans un premier temps, coupe net l'élan de cette génération, avant de la décimer. Ainsi, Trévelas aura son nom gravé sur le monument aux morts de la cour du mûrier, au cœur de l'École des beaux-arts. Mobilisé dans l'infanterie, Dumail décrit dans ses courriers et dans son journal, le manque d'organisation, la faim, la fatigue, les douleurs corporelles, l'ampleur des destructions et les atrocités : blessures par obus, barricades élevées avec des couches de cadavres, etc. Si l'épisode napoléonien avait déjà provoqué des tueries de masse, celles-ci se singularisent. Leur mécanisation et l'annihilation du territoire représenteront une source inextinguible de réflexions pour les architectes, faisant écho à une sensibilité récente : les théories premières de Prosper Mérimée ou Viollet-le-Duc - suite au « vandalisme » de la révolution et aux effets de l'industrialisation - venaient justement d'accoucher le 31 décembre 1913 de l'actuelle loi sur les monuments historiques. Après guerre, les architectes se passionneront du sort des monuments endommagés - la cathédrale de Reims notamment - et du statut des ruines, quasi sacralisées par un Auguste Perret. Simultanément les avant-gardes mettront en avant l'idée de la table rase. Le spectacle des manœuvres de nuit sous le feu des projecteurs procure ainsi à Dumail un sentiment ambigu de fascination-répulsion, évoquant la sidération exprimée par un Apollinaire.
Dumail manifeste des capacités d'observation hors du commun, qui lui vaudront la légion d'honneur. Sous les bombardements, il exécute des plans et des panoramas des positions ennemies, permettant de mieux diriger les tirs. Nommé sous-lieutenant en octobre 1915, il entame des démarches pour être affecté à l'aviation. À l'appui de sa demande, il mentionne sa passion pour les sports mécaniques, sa pratique assidue de la moto et souligne son succès en 1912 au concours Chenavard consacré à une école d'aviation militaire. C'est pourtant un projet dans lequel l'aéroport représentait surtout un emblème. À l'instar, du reste, de l'aéroport de la cité-jardins du Grand Paris imaginée par l'OHBMS en 1919 en marge des projets du Plessis-Robinson et de la Butte-Rouge (Châtenay-Malabry), ou encore, à partir de 1922, de celui qu'associe Le Corbusier à une autoroute sur la rive droite de Paris, dans son fameux Plan Voisin soutenu par le fabricant automobile et aéronautique éponyme. Bien que Dumail juge plus aisé de piloter un avion qu'une auto et malgré le soutien de ses officiers, ses démarches n'aboutissent pas. Pas plus que ses tentatives d'entrer au Génie puis au service technique de Peugeot ou encore, en 1917, ses propositions d'adaptation d'une mitrailleuse Hotchkiss auprès du sous-secrétariat d'État des inventions. Comme beaucoup d'appelés, Dumail attendra sa démobilisation quasiment jusqu'au traité de Versailles, en 1919. Durant ces années incertaines, alors que ne se concrétisent ni le chantier de la rue Marcadet ni sa nomination définitive par l'OPHBMS - il y est inscrit avec Hébrard sur la liste d'architectes depuis 1917 -, il voyage dans les régions dévastées. Dumail et Hébrard sont agréés pour la reconstruction des Ardennes en 1921, au moment où les études de la rue Marcadet reprennent et celles de la cité-jardins de Gennevilliers deviennent opérationnelles.
Cette concentration de commandes explique que leur activité de reconstruction se limite au seul village d'Attigny (Ardennes), d'autant que leurs aspirations vont bientôt dépasser l'horizon hexagonal. En effet, lorsque Dumail retrouve Hébrard, celui-ci enseigne l'architecture dans le cadre de l'American Expeditionary Forces University, prolongeant son expérience à l'université Cornell-Ithaca entre 1906 et 1911. Leurs deux frères, eux aussi architectes, sont à l'étranger : GabrielDumail, fait prisonnier en 1915, est parti pour la Chine ; quant à ErnestHébrard, Grand Prix de Rome 1904, il a aussi été fait prisonnier avant de se voir confier, en 1918, la reconstruction de Salonique, puis de devenir architecte en chef d'Indochine. Pionnier de l'urbanisme - néologisme de 1910 -, il est membre fondateur de la Société française des architectes urbanistes en 1911, et l'une des premières figures de l'architecture internationale, voire « mondialisée ». Il avait entraîné, peu avant la guerre, son frère et les Dumail dans l'aventure de l'International World Centre : un essai de capitale pour les États-Unis du monde, précurseur de la Société des Nations, dans lequel La Construction moderne voyait en janvier 1914 « une école mondiale de la paix »... arrivée trop tard ! De cette tentation de l'ailleurs, Dumail tire quelques réalisations en Indochine entre 1924 et 1928. Jean Hébrard, lui, s'expatrie en 1925 pour devenir un des théoriciens du City Planning dans les universités de Pennsylvanie puis du Michigan.
Des chantiers d'expérience
Dumail consacrera dès lors l'essentiel de sa carrière à l'OPHBMS, en tant qu'architecte-directeur des cités-jardins de Gennevilliers, du Pré-Saint-Gervais, de Dugny, de l'achèvement de Suresnes, et d'un ensemble HBM pour militaires à Saint-Mandé, immédiatement reconnus pour la qualité de leurs logements et de leur greffe urbaine. Comme pour la cité de la rue Marcadet, il y conçoit « des bâtiments isolés, absolument entourés d'air et de lumière » (7). Ces « chantiers d'expériences », suivant une expression des années 1920 qui deviendra emblématique à la Libération, sont souvent mis en œuvre par des entreprises ayant fourbi leurs premières armes avec les troupes américaines pour des constructions de baraquements préfabriqués. Ils permettront à Dumail de figurer parmi les rares architectes français à avoir édifié plus de 2 000 logements avant la Seconde Guerre, dans lesquels il étrennera les chemins de grue et les principes de coffrage des Trente Glorieuses.On ne peut que faire le lien entre ses aspirations pendant la guerre, sa culture technique, son goût pour la mécanique, et ceux d'autres acteurs de la modernité architecturale. Quelques années avant lui, en 1904, son associé Hébrard brille lui aussi au concours Chenavard, avec pour sujet un Palais de l'automobile. En 1908, le Salon de l'automobile accueille à Paris ses premiers exposants aéronautiques et c'est justement un architecte de la même génération, AndréGranet (1881-1974), futur gendre d'Eiffel, qui contribue l'année suivante à lancer au Grand Palais la première exposition internationale de la locomotion aérienne, ancêtre du salon du Bourget. Plus précisément, le passage de l'observation militaire à l'aviation renvoie à WalterGropius (1883-1969). Comme Dumail ou encore André Lurçat, mais dans le camp d'en face, le fondateur du Bauhaus dessine d'abord ses repérages de ligne de front à pied, avant d'être affecté à l'aviation et d'y connaître une révélation, déterminante pour sa carrière (😎. Cette passion de la photographie aérienne sera partagée par son alter ego français dans l'expérimentation de la préfabrication, Marcel Lods, en pleine résonance avec une attention voulue « scientifique » au territoire et à sa documentation - une des constantes des équipes de l'OPHBMS. Si Lods s'engage comme aviateur en 1939, il est vingt-cinq ans plus tôt affecté comme instructeur d'artillerie. Et il ne lui échappe pas qu'avec presque 900 millions d'obus tirés, son arme représente l'instrument par excellence de l'industrialisation de la guerre. Puis, il suit l'arrivée des troupes américaines et de leurs engins et se passionne pour le développement spectaculaire des industries automobile et aéronautique aux États-Unis. Pays où était née, dès 1908, la fameuse Ford T, premier véhicule de série. Du début des années 1920 jusqu'à la fin de sa carrière, aux côtés de grands ingénieurs, Lods tente d'exporter ce modèle à celui du bâtiment et de ses composants. Ce seront notamment les chantiers de la Cité du Champ des Oiseaux, à Bagneux (1927-1933), et de La Muette, à Drancy (1931-1934). Puis, après guerre, les Grandes Terres de Marly-le-Roi (1952-1960) et surtout la Grand'Mare de Rouen (1960-1977). C'est aussi une myriade de petites réalisations prototypiques, à commencer par l'aéroclub de Buc abordé au moment où Lods obtient son brevet de pilote, en 1932.
Ses chantiers qui se veulent de pur montage, rêvés en gants blanc, ne sont pas dénués d'utopie. Ils participent au sentiment qui sourd au début du XXe siècle, selon lequel l'homme s'apprête à faire quasi corps avec la machine. Charlie Chaplin a génialement montré dans Les Temps modernes en 1936 la part tragique de cette nouvelle condition. Elle apparaît comme un des effets les plus paradoxaux de la guerre, dans laquelle toute une génération a été confrontée aux corps mutilés en masse, soumis aux éléments et à la putréfaction en plein champ, mais aussi possiblement transcendés par la mécanisation et la science. Alfred Jarry en avait eu l'intuition dès 1902 avec Le Surmâle : roman moderne dans lequel il dressait le récit de la course - en forme d'hécatombe - d'un train à vapeur et de cyclistes dopés à la « perpetual-motion food ». Le Corbusier est l'architecte qui, au contact des Planistes et du théoricien eugéniste Alexis Carrel, captera le mieux ce nouveau rapport au corps, avec ses recherches sur l'immeuble-villa puis sur l'« unité d'habitation de grandeur conforme », instruments d'une « fabrique de l'homme nouveau » liant sport, biologie et habitation. Intégré à la fondation Carrel entre 1943 à 1945 (9), Dumail n'échappera pas à ce programme « d'hygiène sociale et de prophylaxie » énoncé par Sellier lui-même au moins dès 1921.Ces proches de Sellier que sont Dumail et Lods ont vu leurs réalisations de l'OPHBMS données en 1935 comme modèles du programme du grand ensemble du futur, dans cette période accidentée où s'élaborait une culture politique de gestion de la croissance des périphéries urbaines. À la Libération, ils affirment ensemble le logement comme la grande « affaire » du XXe siècle dans un livret du comité Henri-Sellier (10). En 1951, ils s'engagent presque simultanément dans les chantiers respectifs des deux SHAPE Villages : Dumail à Saint-Germain-en-Laye, aux côtés de Jean Dubuisson, et Lods à Fontainebleau. Les logements qu'ils bâtissent, chacun à sa façon mais tous deux en un temps record, pour les sous-officiers et officiers du quartier général des forces alliées en Europe, constituent un des moments fondateurs de la politique de construction à venir : les grands ensembles français ne sont décidément pas tombés du ciel avec la croissance et le baby-boom. * Architecte, Hubert Lempereur a consacré de nombreux articles à la généalogie et à l'histoire matérielle et culturelle des premiers grands ensembles français et à la construction de masse. À paraître, Félix Dumail, architecte de la « cité-jardins », aux éditions du patrimoine et La Samaritaine, Paris, aux éditions Picard, ouvrage codirigé avec Jean-François Cabestan. 1. J.-L. Cohen, Architecture en uniforme. Projeter et construire pour la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Hazan/Centre Canadien d'Architecture, 2011. 2. Voir P. Chemetov et B. Marrey, Architectures. Paris 1848-1914, Dunod, 1980. 3. M. Rotival, « Urbanisme des H.B.M. - Formes de la cité », L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, n° 6, juin 1935. 4. Leurs archives sont conservées au centre d'archives d'architecture du XXe siècle. La famille Dumail conserve de son côté ses correspondances de guerre. 5. J. Posener, « Historique des H.B.M. - Naissance du problème, premières solutions », L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, n° 6, juin 1935. 6. G. Ernest, « Concours pour la construction par la Ville de Paris d'immeubles collectifs à bon marché », L'Architecture, 28 fév. 1914. 7. A. Gaillardin, « Les derniers concours de la Ville de Paris pour la construction d'habitations à bon marché », La Construction moderne, 28 juin 1914. 8. J. Gubler, « L'aérostation, prélude à l'aviation ? Notes sur la découverte architecturale du paysage aérien », Matières, 1998. 9. H. Lempereur, « La fondation Carrel (1941-1945), Le Corbusier et Félix Dumail : portraits d'architectes en bio-sociologues », fabricA, 2009. 10. F. Dumail, P. Grünebaum-Ballin, R. Hummel, M. Lods, P. Pelletier et P. Sirvin, L'affaire du logement social, préface de Léon Blum, Éditions de la Liberté, 1947. TEXTE DU MONITEUR @ les #Constructions #Modernes #BANLIEUE @ l' #Urbanisme & l es #Chantiers d'#ApresGuerre ici #Mémoire2ville le #Logement Collectif* dans tous ses états..#Histoire & #Mémoire de l'#Habitat / Département territoire terroir region ville souvenirs du temps passé d une époque revolue #Archives ANRU / #Rétro #Banlieue / Renouvellement #Urbain / #Urbanisme / #HLM #postwar #postcard #cartepostale twitter.com/Memoire2cite Villes et rénovation urbaine..Tout savoir tout connaitre sur le sujet ici via le PDF de l'UNION SOCIALE POUR L HABITAT (l'USH)... des textes à savoir, à apprendre, des techniques de demolition jusqu a la securisation..& bien plus encore.. union-habitat.org/.../files/articles/documents/...
www.dailymotion.com/video/xk6xui Quatre murs et un toit 1953 - Le Corbusier, l'architecte du bonheur 1957 conceptions architecturales le modulor, l'architecture de la ville radieuse, Chandigarh, Marseille, Nantes www.dailymotion.com/video/xw8prl Un documentaire consacré aux conceptions architecturales et urbanistiques de Le Corbusier.Exposées par l'architecte lui-même et étayées par des plans, dessins et images de ses réalisations en France et à l'étranger, ces théories témoignent d'une réflexion approfondie et originale sur la ville et sa nécessaire adaptation à la vie moderne, notamment Paris dont l'aménagement révolutionnaire rêvé par Le Corbusier est ici exposé. Un classique du documentaire.Les premiers projets de Le Corbusier resteront à l'état de maquette : le plan de modernisation de la ville d'Alger. Certains seront réalisés par d'autres architectes : ministère de l'éducation à Rio de Janeiro, Palais de l'ONU à New York. Dès l'après-guerre en moins de 10 ans, Le Corbusier réalise de grandes unités d'habitation à Marseille, Nantes une chapelle à Ronchamps, une usine à Saint-Dié, une ville Chandigarh en Inde. Par des schémas, l'architecte présente sa théorie de la "ville radieuse", le modulor clef mathématique de son œuvre ainsi que son projet de réorganisation de la campagne, des cités industrielles et urbaine en un regroupement autour d'un système coopératif. Le film expose les conceptions architecturales de Le Corbusier, dans la ligne des précurseurs de l'architecture moderne comme Claude-Nicolas Ledoux. Paris et le désert français 1957 réalisation : Roger Leenhardt et Sydney Jezequel, résoudre le déséquilibre démographique ville campagne www.dailymotion.com/video/x177lrp Film réalisé par Roger Leenhardt et Sydney Jezequel en 1957, d'après le livre de Jean-François Gravier. Document d'information général proposant les solutions de l'époque pour éviter la désertification des campagnes et la folie concentrationnaire des villes. Dès 1957, la désertification des campagnes prend des proportions tragiques. L'exemple est donné pour le village de Gourdon dans le Quercy.
Quelles évolutions proposer pour éviter l'exode rural et le développement anarchique, qui s'amorce, des villes champignons, construites en plein champ sans urbanisme et sans âme ? Le commentaire propose les solutions de l'époque : modernisation de l'agriculture, adaptation de l'artisanat, implantations d'industries dans les provinces. Gazoducs dans le sud-ouest, barrage en Haute-Savoie, polder en Bretagne semblaient à l'époque pouvoir résoudre le déséquilibre ville campagne. Visages de la France 1957 Production - réalisation Atlantic-Film Marcel de Hubsch www.dailymotion.com/video/x19g59p Le film commence avec des vues de villages et d'architecture traditionnelle du Pays Basque, des Landes, de la Touraine, de la Normandie, de la Bretagne, d'Alsace. La voix off s'interroge : faut il transformer la France en un musée de ses vieilles demeures ? et poursuit : pourquoi des maisons de 10 à 15 mètres de hauteur à Honfleur n'ont elles que 3 à 5 mètres de large ? Le commentaire se pose la question du nombre de maisons individuelles dans les villes qui entrainent l'étalement urbain. Lorsque les villes ont bâtit des immeubles, le commentaire se demande que cachent ces façades ? Des coures étroites que le soleil ne visite jamais, un enchevêtrement inouï de constructions hétéroclites. L'époque de grande prospérité de la troisième république n'a rien su construire de grand poursuit la voix off. Ce document nous propose ensuite une animation de maquette pour l'aménagement d'une friche. Dans un premier temps à la façon d'avant avec la maison individuelle. La voix off s'exclame : ce n'est pas autrement que d'affreuses banlieues naquirent que tant de villes furent à jamais enlaidies, essayons autre chose. L'animation se met à empiler les maisons individuelles et propose des bâtiments collectifs dans des jardins. Le commentaire poursuit : maintenant c'est l'heure de l'urbaniste à lui de répartir les constructions dans la cité. Plusieurs organisation de logements collectifs sont proposées en maquettes. La voix off pointe les défauts d'un urbanisme des grands ensemble trop ennuyeux. Puis une solution émerge de l'animation : pour que la cité vive il faut mettre au place d'honneur école, dispensaire, bibliothèque, salle de réunion, puis viennent les deux pièces maîtresse deux grands immeubles puis les rues se glissent dans la composition et enfin les pelouse et les jardins apparaissent et voila conclue le commentaire. Le film montre ensuite de réalisation de grands ensemble et on entre dans un immeuble au sein d'une famille : air et lumière sont au rendes-vous. On voit des enfants faire du patin à roulette dans le parc de l'immeuble la voix off annonce : finit l'individualisme renfrogné de l'échoppe d'antan : la cité tout entière est un jardin, les jeux d'enfants se mêlent aux fleurs. Le film se termine sur des vues de réalisation de grands ensemble sur toute la France (vue entre autre de la cité radieuse de Le Corbusier à Marseille). Production Films Caravelle MRU (ministère de la reconstruction et de l'urbanisme) Scenario et réalisation : Pierre JaLLAUDSur les routes de France les ponts renaissent 1945 reconstruction de la France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije , www.twitter.com/Memoire2cite Les 30 Glorieuses . com et la carte postale.. Il existe de nos jours, de nombreux photographes qui privilégient la qualité artistique de leurs travaux cartophiles. A vous de découvrir ces artistes inconnus aujourd’hui, mais qui seront peut-être les grands noms de demain. 69 BRON PARILLY LA VILLE NOUVELLE LES UC, UNE CITÉ DU FUTUR @ UN TOUR DE VILLE AUTOUR DU TEMPS
Le quartier des UC à Parilly, a été la première des grandes cités construites en France, au milieu du 20e siècle, et fut en son temps un modèle. 1950. La Seconde guerre mondiale a laissé derrière elle un champ de ruines. En France, plus de 800.000 habitations ont été détruites. Partout on manque de logements : sur la côte atlantique, où des villes entières ont été rasées, mais aussi à Paris et en région lyonnaise. Pour couronner le tout, les Français se mettent à faire des bébés à tour de berceaux - le baby boom commence ! Du coup, les jeunes mariés ne peuvent dénicher un toit et restent chez leurs parents. Les mieux lotis s’entassent à 4 ou 5 dans une seule pièce, avec WC à l’étage et un évier en guise de salle de bains. Les personnes sans le sou, elles, peuplent les bidonvilles qui cernent Lyon comme à Bombay ou à Rio. Souvenez-vous de l’abbé Pierre, et de son appel de l’hiver 1954. Reloger la population constitue pourtant une priorité du gouvernement. On a nommé ministre de la Reconstruction et de l’Urbanisme un héros de la Libération, pétri des idéaux sociaux de la Résistance : le député de la Loire, Eugène Claudius-Petit (1907-1989). Monsieur le Ministre veut non seulement redonner un toit aux Français, mais les doter du nec plus ultra en matière de logement, une architecture moderne et colorée, entourée de verdure et d’espace. Dès 1951, Claudius-Petit programme la construction de six grands ensembles : à Angers (677 logements), Boulogne-Billancourt (800), Le Havre (1400), Pantin (800), Saint-Etienne (1262) et enfin à Bron, où doit naître la plus imposante de toutes ces cités, avec 2608 logements. Il en confie la réalisation à l’Office des HLM du Rhône, alors dirigé par Laurent Bonnevay, tandis que sa conception revient à de jeunes architectes Lyonnais disciples de Le Corbusier, dont René Gagès et Franck Grimal.
L’emplacement de la future cité est vite trouvé : dans la partie nord du parc de Parilly, sur 27 hectares de terrains appartenant au Conseil général. Ainsi, les immeubles se glisseront entre les arbres et les pelouses, en un mariage heureux de la nature et du béton. La desserte du quartier sera assurée par le boulevard de Ceinture et par l’avenue Jean-Mermoz, deux belles avenues où il fait bon se promener, à pieds ou à vélo, au milieu de quelques autos - l'une et l'autre n'ont pas encore été transformées en voies autoroutières… Cinq ans à peine, de 1951 à 1956, suffisent pour faire sortir de terre une douzaine de grands immeubles, l’équivalent d’une ville : les quatre tours et les deux barres en S des "Unités de Construction" (UC) 5 et 7 le long du boulevard Laurent-Bonnevay ; l’UC 1 à l’angle du boulevard et de l’autoroute A43 ; enfin les quatre immeubles en L des UC 2 à 5, le long de l’A43, à l'endroit où vous vous trouvez. Leur construction utilise des procédés révolutionnaires pour l’époque : chaque appartement, qu’il s’agisse d’un T2 ou d’un T6 en duplex, reproduit un plan type aux dimensions standardisées de 5 mètres de large, 11 mètres de long et 2,5 mètres de haut, dont les éléments sont fabriqués en usine et seulement assemblés sur le chantier, ce qui permet d’énormes gains de temps. Les premiers habitants découvrent leurs appartements, ébahis. Un F3 par exemple, leur offre une salle de séjour de 18 m2, deux chambres de 10 m2, une cuisine équipée de placards et plans de travail, des WC, une salle de bains, d’immenses baies vitrées et, luxe inouï, un grand balcon peint en jaune, en rouge ou en bleu vif, transformant leur immeuble en une mosaïque multicolore. Les Brondillants passent d’un coup du taudis à l’Amérique, et de Zola au 20e siècle. Telles étaient les UC, il y a une soixantaine d'années. Une cité modèle, dont les photos couvraient les cartes-postales locales, et les magazines du monde entier. Après les UC, d'autres grands ensembles voient le jour à Bron au cours des années 1950 à 1970 : les immeubles du quartier des Essarts, près des Galeries Lafayette ; les copropriétés de la route de Genas, à côté de l'ancienne caserne Raby, et surtout les immeubles du quartier du Terraillon, au nord-est de Bron. Ces nouveaux logements, tous très prisés au moment de leur construction, font bondir la population de Bron de 12.500 habitants en 1946, à 42.000 habitants en 1968. Les experts de l'époque prédisent même que le seuil des 100.000 habitants serait atteint vers l'an 2000 ! Le temps du village était révolu. Bron devenait une ville importante de la banlieue lyonnaise.
@ LES GRANDS ENSEMBLES @ Bien qu’ils échappent à une définition unique, les grands ensembles sont ty-piquement des ensembles de logement collectif, souvent en nombre impor-tant (plusieurs centaines à plusieurs milliers de logements), construits entre le milieu des années 1950 et le milieu des années 1970, marqués par un urba-nisme de barres et de tours inspiré des préceptes de l’architecture moderne.
Ces grands ensembles, dont plusieurs centaines ont été construits en France, ont permis un large accès au confort moderne (eau courante chaude et froide, chauffage central, équipements sanitaires, ascenseur…) pour les ouvriers des banlieues ouvrières, les habitants des habitats insalubres, les rapatriés d’Algérie et la main-d’oeuvre des grandes industries.
Ils se retrouvent fréquemment en crise sociale profonde à partir des années 1980, et sont, en France, l’une des raisons de la mise en place de ce qu’on appelle la politique de la Ville.
Définition
Il n’y a pas de consensus pour définir un grand ensemble.
On peut toutefois en distinguer deux :
• Selon le service de l’Inventaire du ministère de la Culture français, un grand ensemble est un «aménagement urbain comportant plusieurs bâtiments isolés pouvant être sous la forme de barres et de tours, construit sur un plan masse constituant une unité de conception. Il peut être à l’usage d’activité et d’habitation et, dans ce cas, comporter plusieurs centaines ou milliers de logements. Son foncier ne fait pas nécessairement l’objet d’un remembrement, il n’est pas divisé par lots ce qui le différencie du lotissement concerté».
• Selon le «géopolitologue» Yves Lacoste, un grand ensemble est une «masse de logements organisée en un ensemble. Cette organisation n’est pas seulement la conséquence d’un plan masse; elle repose sur la présence d’équipement collectifs (écoles, commerces, centre social, etc.) […]. Le grand ensemble apparaît donc comme une unité d’habitat relativement autonome formée de bâtiments collectifs, édifiée en un assez bref laps de temps, en fonction d’un plan global qui comprend plus de 1000 logements».
Le géographe Hervé Vieillard-Baron apporte des précisions : c’est, selon lui, un aménagement en rupture avec le tissu urbain existant, sous la forme de barres et de tours, conçu de manière globale et introduisant des équipements règlementaires, comportant un financement de l’État et/ou des établissements publics. Toujours selon lui, un grand ensemble comporte un minimum de 500 logements (limite fixée pour les Zone à urbaniser en priorité (ZUP) en 1959). Enfin, un grand ensemble n’est pas nécessairement situé en périphérie d’une ag-glomération.
Comme on le voit ci-dessus, la détermination d’un seuil de logements peut être débattue. Les formes du grand ensemble sont assez récurrentes, inspirées (ou légitimées) par des préceptes de l’architecture moderne et en particulier des CIAM : ils se veulent une application de la Charte d’Athènes4. Pour autant, on ne peut pas dire qu’il s’agisse d’une application directe des principes de Le Corbusier. Ils sont aussi le fruit d’une industriali-sation progressive du secteur du bâtiment et, notamment en France, des procédés de préfabrication en béton.
Histoire
La Cité de la Muette à Drancy, construite par Eugène Beaudouin, Marcel Lods et Jean Prouvé entre 1931 et 1934 pour l’Office public HBM de la Seine, est traditionnellement considérée comme le premier grand en-semble en France. Elle est même à l’origine du terme de «grand ensemble» puisque c’est ainsi que la désigne pour la première fois Marcel Rotival dans un article de l’époque6. Cette cité, initialement conçue comme une cité-jardin, se transforme en cours d’étude en un projet totalement inédit en France, avec ses 5 tours de 15 étages et son habitat totalement collectif. Cependant, cette initiative reste sans lendemain du moins dans l’immédiat.
Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le temps est à la reconstructi
Spent most of the day at the hospital, but the surgery took only 40 minutes. I walked out of the hospital standing up straight. Something I had not done for 5 weeks....so happy I made the decision to have this done. As long as it heals well, I am good to go!
Monthly Scavenger Hunt
March 2016
#4 Yellow
NHSGGC CELEBRATING SUCCESS AWARDS - STAFF AWARDS EVENT. SEE NHSGGC COMMUNICATIONS FOR INFO. GORDON ROBERTSON.
NHSGGC CELEBRATING SUCCESS AWARDS - STAFF AWARDS EVENT. SEE NHSGGC COMMUNICATIONS FOR INFO. GORDON ROBERTSON.
The cast of SUCCESS during their interview on Chennai Live 104.8 FM. From left to right: actor/director Edward Morgan, actress Kriti Pant, actress Deborah Clifton and actor/playwright John Kishline. (Photo by U.S. Consulate General, Chennai)
Amirhossein Sharifzadeh ’18, at left, and graduate student Huanping Huang show their FLIP teacher Pam Crandall ’88 the sticks they retrieved from the bottom of the pool during their first time going underwater. “I love this photo because they were both so proud and happy,” says Crandall, who took the photo. She teaches swimming to beginners. (Photo by Pamela Crandall ’88)
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