View allAll Photos Tagged Subframing
I revisited a bunch of previous RGB data and now added about an hour of Hα data. This galaxy really needs it. All those pink areas are regions of intense star formation, where some of the most massive stars are being born. The particularly big pink blob in the upper right is known as NGC 604. It is an emission nebula in another galaxy that is so large and bright that it gets its own designation. Think of really outstanding examples like this in our own sky -- M17 or the Eta Carina Nebula. This one has both of them beat for size and luminance. It only looks small because it is 3 million light years away.
All subframes shot with a Celestron Edge HD 925 at f/2.3 with Hyperstar. RGB data taken over multiple nights with an Atik 314L+ color CCD; hydrogen-alpha data taken with an Atik 414-EX with Atik 7 nm bandpass filter. Preprocessing of images in Nebulosity; registration, channel combination, and processing in PixInsight; final touches in Photoshop.
Messier 101 - The Pinwheel Galaxy + SN
Credit: Giuseppe Donatiello
RA 14h 03m 12.6s DEC+54° 20′ 57″
Messier 101 (NGC 5457) is a face-on spiral galaxy at 21 million light-years (6 Mpc) in Ursa Major discovered by Pierre Méchain on March 27, 1781.
M101, with a diameter of 170,000 light-years, is comparable in size with the Milky Way. It has a disk mass on the order of 100 billion solar masses, along with a small central bulge of about 3 billion solar masses.
SN 2023ixf, the bright supernova that exploded in an arm of M101
taken on May 27, 2023 at 20:55 UTC
This is a very zoomed-in crop of the stack of just 10 subframes of 30 seconds at ISO 3200 300mm telephoto, uncalibrated.
The supernova, clearly visible in every single frame, exhibits an unusual cyan color in my images, in stark contrast to the yellow bulge of the galaxy.
Helix nebula (NGC7293), hAlpha, 36 h total exposure time with Hyperstar 14"/F1.9 with ASI 1600 and RASA 11"/F2.2 with ATIK 460, parallel mounted on a ASA DDM85. Single subframe exposure time between 90 sec unbinned for the center structures and 180 sec 2x2 bin for the faint environmental veils. I am very happy how many structures of the environment are getting visible. I look forward to your feedback! Tenerife November 2017.
The great Andromeda Galaxy M31 in messier catalog
This is a 4 panel mosaic capture during two cold nights.
Starless version : flic.kr/p/2mDSYEG
-Equipment-
Scope: TS-Optics 94/414 EPDH (414mm focal)
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro at -5°C
Guiding: ZWO OAG
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI 120MM
Mount: Skywatcher NEQ5
Filter: Astronomik L
-Acquisition-
Light :Panel-1 60x300s
Panel-2 60x300s
Panel-3 52x300s
Panel-4 60x300s
Dark-100x300s Flat-50 Bias-100
Date : Take on 2 night 05 September2021
and 10 October 2021
Location : France-Alsace Bortle 4/5
-Software-
Carte du Ciel, N.I.N.A, Phd2 , PoleMaster and PixInsight
Ez Processing Suite from darkarcon
darkarcon website : darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/
-Pre Processing each panels in PixInsight-
Image Calibration
Cosmetic Correction
Debayer
Subframe Selector
Star Alignement
Local Normalization
Drizzle x2
Dynamic crop
-Build the 4 panel mozaic
It's my first 4 panel mosaic so I follow this tutorial from Amy Astro www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0f8Tl_kC0A
-Processing
DBE master Light
Split L,R,G,B layer from Master light
__L__
Ez_Deconvolution
Ez_Denoise
Ez_Soft Streatch
Ez_HDR
UnsharpedMask with mask
__RGB__
Linear Fit
BackgroundNeutralization
PhotometricColorCalibration
Ez_Soft Streatch
Starnet++
CuvesTransformation with mask
A lot of curves...
Bring back stars with PixelMath
__LRGB__
LRGBCombination
Final CurvesTransformation
Ez_Star Reduction
DarkStructureEnhance script
Save as jpg
Clear Skies !
Now the colour version. During the "Perseid night" I had a lot of luck (and maybe also a kind of skilled serendipity). Tons of luck indead that the meteor is captured in both systems (regarding the 10 sec+ CCD downloading time which is an effective exposure pause). Through the middle of a relatively tiny sky area (FOV 7. 2 x 10. 8 °) I could capture this meteor (which is, however, no Perseid but probably a late Delta-Aquariid) crossing Andromeda Galaxy and with multiple outbursts.
Technique: parallel exposure with two imaging systems:
(1) Canon 200mm/F1.8 (open), SX-36, L-pro filter, 240 sec exposure time,
(2) Canon 200mm/F1.8 (open), Sony A7s (CentralDS modded), ISO 3200, IDAS-V4 filter, 90 sec
both on EQ8 mount unguided.
Final image processed with 32 subframes from each system for the galaxy and the stars resulting in a L-RGB image.
Tenerife, 1180 m alt, 2016-08-12 00:45 UT
Comet 45P, at last there were some subframes usables, with individual background extraction, so that I could integrate some of them. Now the split tail is well visible.
Parallel exposure on ASA DDM 85 mount:
(1) 7 x 60 sec Hyperstar C14/F1.9, Lumicon comet filter, ASI 1600 mono, cooled (-32° C), processed as emerald green in the RGB image.
(2) 7 x 60 sec RASA 11"/F2.2, L-filter, ATIK 490 color, cooled (-18° C)
FOV 1° x 0,9°, location: Tenerife 1180 m altitude. 19:20 h - 19:50 h UT (with many missing subframes due to clouds)
This nebula is located at around 7500 lights years from the Earth and extend over 165 lights years.
On the upper right part you can see the Fish Head Nebula (IC 1795).
On the left it is a part of the Heart Nebula (IC 1805) and you can see Melotte 15 in the middle of the Heart Nebula, a little star cluster with a lot of dust
Starless version: flic.kr/p/2mA2B1y
One exposure 300s : flic.kr/p/2mwYXX5
-Equipment-
Scope: TS-Optics 94/414 EPDH (414mm focal)
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro at -15°C
Guiding: ZWO OAG
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI 120MM
Mount: Skywatcher NEQ5
Filter: Optrolong L-eXtreme
-Acquisition-
Light :218x300s ( 18h ) at Gain:101 Offset:49
Dark-100x300s Flat-50 Bias-100
Date : Take on 5 night 29, 30 september 2021
and 7, 8, 9 october 2021
Location : France-Alsace Bortle 4/5
-Software-
Carte du Ciel, N.I.N.A, Phd2 , PoleMaster and PixInsight
I use the ForaxX palette for HOO combination
ForaxX website : thecoldestnights.com
And the Ez Processing Suite from darkarcon
darkarcon website : darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/
-Pre Processing in PixInsight-
Image Calibration
Cosmetic Correction
Debayer
Subframe Selector
Star Alignement
Local Normalization
Drizzle x2
Dynamic crop
-Processing
Split the master_LRGB into L, R, G, B layer
DynamicBackgroundExtractor each layer
___RGB layer___
Split RGB channels for build Ha and Oiii
Ha=R Oiii= B*0.3+G*0.7
EZ_Soft Stretch
HOO combination with Foraxx formula
R=Ha
G=((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Ha + ~((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Oiii
B=Oiii
Starnet++ for remove stars and build a mask nebula
Color Saturation
Curves Tansformation (K,saturation,hue)
Saturate stars for push up stars color
SCNR with star Mask for remove green in stars (OSC camera)
Bring back the stars with PixelMath
___L layer___
Ez_Deconvolution
Ez_Denoise
Ez_Soft Stretch
Ez_HDR
Local Histogram Equalization with nebula mask
UnsharpedMask with nebula mask
___LRGB___
Final Curve Transformation
DarkStructureEnhance script
EZ_Star Reduction
Save as BMP 32bit file
Clear skies !
1962 Mercedes-Benz 190 SL Roadster
Further to posting the steering wheel and dash board the other day, here is the rest of the car, which didn't actually sell at the auction last September so it may still be up for sale.
"Announced in 1954 and based on the 180 saloon whose all-independently-suspended running gear it used, the 190 SL did not enter production until January 1955, the delay being caused by alterations aimed at strengthening the saloon's shortened platform to compensate for the open body's reduced stiffness. Mounted on a detachable subframe along with the four-speed manual gearbox, front suspension and steering, the power unit was a 1,897cc overhead-camshaft four - the first such engine ever to feature in a Mercedes-Benz. Breathing through twin Solex down-draft carburettors, the M121 unit produced 105bhp at 5,700rpm, an output sufficient to propel the 190SL to 60mph in 13 seconds and on to a top speed of 107 miles per hour."
Flickr Friday theme: Subframing
Thanks to everyone who took the time to view, comment, and fave my photo. It’s really appreciated. 😊
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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada
(285 km by road north of Toronto)
* Temperature 11 degrees C.
Total exposure time: 15 minutes.
* 540 mm focal length telescope
___________________________________________
Description:
This large hydrogen gas nebula lies about 6,000 light-years away in the constellation Cassiopeia, and in the Perseus Arm of our Milky Way galaxy. The nebula is energized by hot stars near the centre in this view, some of which are about 50 times the mass of our own Sun. The nebula has a diameter of about 200 light years.
For a wider angle view of Cassiopeia and this nebula, made with a 50 mm lens on the same evening, click here:
www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/31139391496
For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:
www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/31079227441
__________________________________________
Technical information:
Nikon D810a camera body on Teleview 101is apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount
Fifteen stacked frames; each frame:
540 mm focal length
ISO 5000; 1 minute exposure at f/5.4; unguided
(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)
Subframes registered in RegiStar;
Stacked and processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, colour balance, levels)
******************************************************************************
This is a single simple stack of 30 subframes taken through my 130mm refractor with my deep sky camera of the whole of the Moon. I've also captured a more detailed mosaic that I will post once I have had time to process all the individual videos.
Peter
NGC2070
I used remote observatory, iTelescope, to took this image.
The plan started at the beginning of September 2019. I acquired L, R, G, B, SII, H-alpha, OIII each 300s*1. I did LRGB, SHO, HOO color mapping, and I found out that the luminous frame is bright (or less noise), but the nebulosity is not as sharp as narrowband frames. Since the SII frame is much dimmer than others, I experimentally took single 900s SII subframe. The Hubble Palette image with S:H:O=9:3:3 still shows water blue color (bule+green) in nebulosity and, badly, very red color in star. I did some google search, notice that there might be not so many SII emission at this place. "Ok, I need to change the strategy." I talked to myself at that time.
After that, I focus on HOO composition. I took an extra nine subframes each with H-alpha and OIII filter. Finally, HOO color nebula combines with LRGB stars makes this image more nature.
The plan will be continuous...
Time: 2019/09
iTelescope T31
OTA: Planewave 20" CDK
Aperture: 510mm
Focal Length: 2259mm
F/Ratio: f/4.4
CCD: FLI-PL09000
LRGB: 300s*1 (each)
H-alpha: 300s*10
OIII: 300s*10
Data Source: iTelescope remote observatory. My friend offers me observe time, and I make the observational plan.
This is the first time I've attempted to image the Lagoon nebula, which from my location doesn't rise higher than 14 degrees above the horizon while visible from my garden observatory.
It was only after some recent adjustments that allow my south wall to go a little lower when open that I have been able to get one of my telescopes completely covering the target area long enough to image it.
It is a stack of nine seven-minute subframes through a Hydrogen Alpha filter, total image time 63 minutes.
Peter
Equipment used:
Atik 460EX mono CCD, 130mm trriplet APO refractor, EQ8 mount. Autoguided with Lodestar CCD and 60mm refractor.
Target: IC63 Ghost of Cassiopeia.
About 550 light-years away in the constellation of Cassiopeia lies IC 63, a fitting nebula for Halloween time.
Also known as the ghost of Cassiopeia, IC 63 is being shaped by radiation from a variable star, Gamma Cassiopeiae, which is slowly eroding away the ghostly cloud of dust and gas.
Gear:
Mount: ZWO AM5
Main Cam: ZWO ASI294MC Pro @ gain 121 and 14F
Guide Cam: ZWO ASI120MM Mini with ZWO 30mm f/4 scope
Lens: Sigma 150-600 @ 575
Filter: Antlia ALP-T 5nm Ha and Oiii
Acquisition:
Light frames: Best 60 of 84 5 minute subs totalling 5 Hr integration
Sessions: 01-Nov-23
Location: Houston Colorado County, Texas
Bortle: 5
Moon: 87%, 60degrees off target
Processing
• PI - Subframe selector, WBPP
• GraXpert background
• PI SPCC
• PI Russel Croman - BXT NXT STX
• PI Starless Edits
○ Bill Blanshan Mike Cranfield Narrowband Normalization Tool
○ GHS Stretch
○ Curves
• PI Stars Edits
○ Arcsinh Stretch
○ SCNR, Invert and SCNR
○ Curve Saturation
• PS ACR Black point, Highlights, Clarity, Dehaze
• PS Selective Colors
• PS Screen stars layer, copy stars layer/brighten it/mask in selective stars
• PS Watermark
The Heart and Soul Nebulae are two emission nebulae located in the constellation Cassiopeia, about 6,000 light-years from Earth. Together, they form a vast star-forming complex, making them fascinating objects for astronomers and stargazers alike.
This is a revisit of some older data sets from 2017 and 2018. It was originally supposed to be a 6 panel mosaic of the Heart and Soul region. Unfortunately, I had far too many gaps in the overall field of view, so the panorama project was scrapped. And with my skills and tools at the time, I had never been able to get a good result out of any of the subframes.
Fast forward a few years, and I managed to use at least 2 frames in the panorama to create this image. And with the extra experience and better tools, I was able to finally do this nebula justice!
-= Tech Data =-
-Equipment-
Imaging Scope: Esplore Scientific ED80
Mount: Celestron AVX
Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI 1600MC-Pro
Guide Camera: Orion
Guide Scope: Orion
- Acquisition -
∙ 60 x 5 minute exposures per frame.
Shot at the L&A Country Dark Sky Viewing Area near Erinsville, Ontario
NGC 2264 is the designation number of the New General Catalogue that identifies two astronomical objects as a single object: the Cone Nebula, and the Christmas Tree Cluster.
All of the objects are located in the Monoceros constellation, near Orion and are located about 2300 light-years from Earth.
-Equipment-
Scope: TS-Optics 94/414 EPDH (414mm focal)
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro at -15°C gain 101 offset 49
Guiding: ZWO OAG
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI 120MM
Mount: Skywatcher AZ-EQ6
Filter: Optolong L-eXtreme
-Acquisition-
Light : 60x300s
Total integration time 5h
Dark: 34x300s Flat-50 Bias-100
Date : 9 February 2022
Location : France-Alsace Bortle 4/5
-Software-
Carte du Ciel, N.I.N.A, Phd2 , PoleMaster and PixInsight
Ez Processing Suite from darkarcon
darkarcon website : darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/
-Pre Processing each panels in PixInsight-
Image Calibration
Cosmetic Correction
Debayer
Subframe Selector
Star Alignement
Local Normalization
Image Integration
Drizzle x2
Dynamic crop
-Processing
DBE master Light
Split L,R,G,B layer from Master light
__L__
Ez_Deconvolution
Ez_Soft Streatch
UnsharpedMask
LocalHistogramEqualization
__RGB__
Linear Fit
BackgroundNeutralization
PhotometricColorCalibration
Ez_Soft Streatch
Starnet++
CuvesTransformation with mask
SCNR star mask
Bring back stars with PixelMath
__LRGB__
LRGBCombination
Ez_Denoise
Final CurvesTransformation
DarkStructureEnhance Script
Save as jpg
Clear Skies !
Comet 45/P from this evening between 19:55 h and 20:05 h UT. Despite the fog close to surface and only seven degrees above the horizon, the comet’s tail still can be seen in a length of more than two degrees.
Sony A7s (CentralDS modded), ISO3200, no filter, Borg Apo 3.9/480mm, 40 x 15 sec, landscape from one single subframe, FOV 4.2° x 3°, EQ8 mount.
IC 443 also known as the Jellyfish Nebula is a galactic supernova remnant in the constellation Gemini, at 5000 Light years from Earth.
IC 443 may be the remains of a supernova that occurred 3,000 - 30,000 years ago.
-Equipment-
Scope: TS-Optics 94/414 EPDH (414mm focal)
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro at -25°C gain 101 offset 49
Guiding: ZWO OAG
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI 120MM
Mount: Skywatcher AZ-EQ6
Filter: Optolong L-eXtreme
-Acquisition-
Light : 124x300s
Total integration time 10h
Dark: 34x300s Flat-50 Bias-100
Date : 4 March 2022
Location : France-Alsace Bortle 4/5
-Software-
Carte du Ciel, N.I.N.A, Phd2 , PoleMaster and PixInsight
Ez Processing Suite from darkarcon
darkarcon website : darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/
-Pre Processing each panels in PixInsight-
Image Calibration
Cosmetic Correction
Debayer
Subframe Selector
Star Alignement
Local Normalization
Image Integration
Drizzle x2
Dynamic crop
-Processing
DBE MasterLRGB
___RGB layer___HOO
Split RGB channels to build Ha and Oiii
Ha=R Oiii= B*0.3+G*0.7
EZ_Soft Stretch
HOO combination with Foraxx formula
R=Ha
G=((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Ha + ~((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Oiii
B=Oiii
Starnet++ for remove stars and build a mask nebula
Color Saturation
Curves Tansformation
Saturate stars for push up stars color
SCNR star mask
Bring back the stars with PixelMath
___L layer___
Ez_Deconvolution
Ez_Soft Stretch
Local Histogram Equalization with nebula mask
UnsharpedMask with nebula mask
___LRGB___
Ez_Denoise
Final Curve Transformation
Annotation
Save as JPG
Clear skies !
A one owner from new car up until very recent.
Now at 36.5k, this Uno covered only a few hundred miles every year. A clean MoT history bar corroded subframes on both sides in 2013, to which it received the necessary welding.
This is two simultaneously taken views of the region around the Great Orion nebula, M42. On the left a luminance only view taken through my 80mm triplet APO refractor with a ZWO ASI174MM mono CMOS camera, to the upper left the Running Man nebula can be clearly seen.
On the right, through my 130mm triplet APO (the 80mm sits on top of it) usng an Atik460EX mono CCD and three narrowband filters, Hydrogen Alpha, Hydrogen Beta and Oxygen III to create a RGB image. The H Beta filter proved very useful for picking up the whispier parts of the nebulosity. M43 is the small bright nebula towards the top of this image. I was careful to keep individual subframe exposures short enough to stack without the bright part of the M42 nebula obscuring the Trapezium.
Peter
Hi everybody.
This is an image of M78 in Orion made with the Officina Stellare UCRC 12" f5.2 telescope during the last (2012) ATT at Sattlegger (Austria).
The picture is an LLRGB consisting of 5:3:3:3, 30min subframes (7hours total) through an LRGB Astrodon type2 filters using a FLI ML11002 CCD camera.
Thanks!
Mosaic of 8 separate images, each from a stack of 20 subframes.
It is a large file, so check the bigger viewing options.
Here it is guys! My entry into McLaren's design competition.
Performance
• Acceleration: 0-100 km/h in 2.0
• Top Speed: (electronically limited): 350km/h
• Braking: 97-0 in 2.5 seconds (in 30 meters).
• Fuel Consumption: 8.3L/100km/h
Design
Drivetrain:
• 5 liter counter-rotating flatplane twin crank V8
• Variable ratio twin screw supercharger
• 6-speed triple clutch gearbox with KERS and hybrid 500kW electric motor
Chassis:
• Carbon cockpit tub with titanium rollover frame
• Titanium trellis front subframe with inboard suspension
• Rear suspension mounted directly to engine and gearbox
• Forged magnesium wheels and airless tires with internal aluminium skeleton
Computer:
• 1.2 Billion bit solid state optical processor with braided carbon nanotube optical paths
• Honeycomb aluminium nitrogen cooling cell in center of bonnet
Specs credit goes to my good friend Kieran.
Let me know what you think!
The famous Spaghetti nebula, more properly known as Simeis 147, on the border of Auriga with Taurus is a supernova remnant of a star which exploded around 40,000 years ago. It is a large object, spanning more than 3 degrees, but also very dim. This image is a 6 panel mosaic with each panel being a stack of 300 second subframes integrating to 10 or more hours total exposure. The imaging camera was a QHY168C with an STC duo-narrowband filter. The scope was a WO Zenithstar 102. Sequence Generator Pro was used to plan the mosaic and manage the image capture. Guiding was via PHD2. The mount was a Skywatcher EQ6R Pro. All post-processing was carried out in PixInsight.
Observed from Prachinburi, Thailand.
Manufacturer: Adam Opel AG, Rüsselsheim - Germany / General Motors Company, Detroit - USA
Type: Kapitän Mk 5
Production time: September 1955 - Februari 1958
Production outlet: 92,555 (incl. 7,983 Kapitän L from May 1957)
Engine: 2473cc straight-6
Power: 75 bhp / 3.900 rpm
Torque: 173 Nm / 1.700 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 140 km/h
Curb weight: 1240 kg
Wheelbase: 108 inch
Chassis: with self-supporting steel pontoon body
Steering: worm & roller
Gearbox: three-speed manual / all synchronized from 1956 / steering column shift
Clutch: single dry plate disc
Carburettor: Opel downdraft with accelerator pump
Fuel tank: 45 liter
Electric system: Bosch 6 Volts
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: hydraulic Duplex drums
Brakes rear: hydraulic drums
Suspension front: independent trapezoidal double wishbones, sway bar, coil springs + telescopic shock absorbers (inside standing)
Suspension rear: live axle reinforced by a subframe, cast housing with support tubes, two semi-elliptical leaf springs with 7 leaves (intermediate bearings), sway bar + telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 4 1/2 J x 13
Tires: 6.40 x 13
Options: four-speed-overdrive transmission, whitewall tires
Special:
- This executive Opel (fifth generation Kapitäns) was in the base the old model with new bumpers, trim and parking lights.
- With increased compression, 82 bhp / 4.000 rpm, and the all synchronized gearbox with overdrive, it was a nice “travel car”.
Manufacturer: Daimler-Benz AG, Stuttgart - Germany
Type: 300 SE Coupé Typ W 112.021
Production time: February 1962 - December 1967
Production outlet: 2,419
Engine: 2996cc straight-6 M 189 VI / 189.987 SOHC big block
Power: 185 bhp / 5.200 rpm
Torque: 278 Nm / 4.000 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 195 km/h
Curb weight: 1570 kg
Wheelbase: 108.3 inch
Chassis: X-frame chassis with auxiliary front subframe for receiving suspension with motor-gear unit and steel unibody (frame-floor unit with body welded)
Steering: DB servo recirculating ball with damper
Gearbox: four-speed automatic transmission / steering column shift
Clutch: not applicable
Fuel system: mechanical Bosch fuel injection:
Fuel tank: 65 liter
Electric system: 12 Volts
Ignition system: electronic
Brakes front: ATE T 50/26 brake assist hydrauliic 9.96 inch Dunlop discs
Brakes rear: ATE T 50/26 brake assist hydraulic 10.04 inch Dunlop discs with anti-dive
Suspension front: independent self-leveling air suspension, double trapezoidal wishbones, sway bar, rubber auxiliary springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: swing axle with low pivot point and sliding struts, self-leveling air suspension, sway bar/torsionsstabllisator, rubber auxiliary springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 5½JK x 13 B
Tires: 7.50 H 13 Nylon Sport
Options: four-speed manual gearbox, ZF five-speed manual gearbox
Special:
- The new “fin tail” body style was designed by Friedrich Geiger and at first shown at the 1959 Frankfurt Auto Show.
- The 300 SE Series was available as this 2-door Coupé, as 2-door Convertible W 112.23 (1962-1967: 708 units built), as 4-door Limousine W 112.014 (1961-1965: 5,202 units built) and as 4-door Limousine SE lang W 112.015 (1963-1965: 1,546 units built and often wrongly referred to as the 300 SEL, a designation not used until 1966 - Typ W 109), all assembled (hand-built) in Stuttgart Untertürkheim - Germany.
Manufacturer: Pontiac Division of General Motors, Detroit, Michigan - USA
Type: Firebird 326 Series 22400 / model 22437 Hardtop Sport Coupé
Production time: February 1967 - mid-year 1968
Production outlet: 67,032
Engine: 5342cc Pontiac L30 326 V-8 overhead valve
Power: 250 bhp / 4.600 rpm
Torque: 452 Nm / 2.800 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 185 km/h
Curb weight: 1500 kg
Wheelbase: 108 inch
Chassis: GM F-body platform with front subframe and semi-unibody (by Fisher)
Steering: Saginaw recirculating ball
Gearbox: three-speed manual / all synchromesh / floor shift
Clutch: 10 13/32 inch single dry plate disc
Carburettor: Rochester dual downdraft
Fuel tank: 70 liter
Electric system: 12 Volts 53 Ah
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: 9.5 inch hydraulic self-adjusting drums
Brakes rear: 9.5 inch hydraulic self-adjusting drums
Suspension front: independent ball joint, unequal length trapezoidal wishbones, sway bar, coil springs + hydraulic telescopic dampers
Suspension rear: beam axle, radius arms, longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs + hydraulic telescopic dampers
Rear axle: live semi-floating type
Differential: hypoid 3.23:1
Wheels: 6 x 14 inch steel discs
Tires: E70 x 14
Options: four-speed manual gearbox (by Muncie), two-speed automatic transmission, three-speed automatic transmission, Ram Air package (functional hood scoops, higher flow heads with stronger valve springs and a different camshaft), Delco-Moraine power brakes, Delco-Moraine front disc brakes, heavy-duty coil springs, heavy-duty version shock absorbers, power windows, Saginaw power steering, adjustable steering column, speed control device, air conditioning, radio, different axle ratios
Special:
- "What Chevrolet can do, we can too," Pontiac thought, when Chevrolet released their Camaro, designed by Pontiac Motor Division General Manager John DeLorean.
- They (heavily) shared the same coach work (the F-body platform), but with detailed changes, such as grille (twin grilles of a bumper-integral design), chrome trim strips, three vertical air slots on the front edge of the rear body panels and vent windows in the front.
- Unfortunately the Camaro outsold the Firebird two to one in the beginning.
- The Camaro and the Firebird were at the forefront of America's muscle car generation.
- A Firebird was the 1967 Pace Car of the Daytona International Speedway.
- In the period that Pontiac released the Firebird, the demand for convertibles dropped, like the Mustangs and the Camaros. The average American would rather buy a draft-free coupe with air conditioning.
- This first generation Firebird Series 22400 (1967-1969), with its characteristic Coke bottle styling, was available as this 2-door Sport Coupé and as 22467 2-door Convertible (15,528 units built).
- The were assembled in Lordstown (Ohio), Norwood (Ohio: from 1969 on) and in Van Nuys (California).
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Photographed from mid-town Toronto, Canada, at 21.05 EST (Moon altitude: 61° | Sun 42° below the horizon)
* Temperature -10° C.
The weather has been so bad in southern Ontario for the last almost two months that tonight was the first time since Nov. 22 that I have had the telescope out under a clear sky!
The Moon, in its waxing gibbous phase and 78% sunlit, was riding high over Toronto tonight, just four nights before the total eclipse of the Moon this coming Sunday night. It was quite cold, but there was no wind to blow the telescope around, so I was able to get very clear, high resolution base images from which to make this image.
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Nikon Z7 camera body on Explore Scientific 152 mm (6") apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Sky-Watcher AZ-EQ6 SynScan mount.
Best nine of twelve identical stacked frames - each frame:
● 1253 mm focal length
● ISO 100, 1/250 sec. exposure, f/8
Subframes stacked in Registax
Processed in Photoshop CS6
(cropping, brightness, contrast, colour desaturation)
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Manufacturer: Volkswagen AG (VAG), Wolfsburg - Germany
Type: Typ 3 1500S Stufenheck / Notchback
Production time: 1963 - 1965
Production time: 1961 - 1973 (all Typ 3's)
Production outlet: 1,202,483 (all 1500/1600/Variant models)
Production outlet: 2,583,015 (all Typ 3's / all models)
Engine: 1493cc (HO4 OHV) four-cylinder boxer forced air-cooled
Power: 54 bhp / 4.200 rpm
Torque: 106 Nm / 2.600 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 135 km/h
Curb weight: 880 kg
Wheelbase: 94.5 inch
Chassis: central tubular frame with continuous deck, rear forked subframe and monocoque body
Steering: worm & roller with hydraulic damper
Gearbox: four-speed manual / all synchronized / floor shifter
Clutch: dry plate disc
Carburettor: twin Solex 32 PDSIT downdraft
Fuel tank: 40 liter
Electric system: 6 Volts 77 Ah
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: hydraulic drums
Brakes rear: hydraulic drums
Suspension front: independent lengthwise crank trailing arms, anti-roll bar connected to upper trailing links, crossed transverse round torsion spring rods + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: double jointed CV joint trailing arms, transverse torsion bars + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live swing type
Differential: spiral bevel
Wheels: 4½J x 15 safety rim wheels
Tires: 6.00 x 15 Bias 6 Ply
Options: Fichtel & Sachs Saxomat semi-automatic four speed transmission (an electromagnetic clutch with a centrifugal clutch used for idle), fog lamps, Air Conditioning (USA)
Special:
- Typ 3 (Projekt EA 142: 1961-1973), introduced at the 1961 Frankfurt Motor Show, was the first "big Volkswagen" and the last Volkswagen with the air-cooled rear mounted boxer engine (411/412).
- It shared the Beetles gearbox, rear axle and the engine mounted in the back (into a subframe which contained the complete rear suspension) and almost half of the total production were Variants (43 %).
- Typ 3 Series was available as this 2-door Stufenheck , as 3-door Variant “Squareback” and as 3-door Variant Delivery Van.
- This first Typ 3 1500 Series was assembled in Wolfsburg - Germany.
- Cars built in Brasil (nicknamed “Zé do Caixão” (meaning "Coffin Joe") and Argentina could be delivered with 4 doors.
- Type 3 output continued in Clayton (Australia) until 1974 and in São Bernardo do Campo (Brazil) until 1982.
This is a combination of 26 subs, one set from April 2020, of 10 x 10 minutes duration and another set of 16 x 5 minutes duration from 2018. All at ISO400. Taken with my 480mm f/6 refractor on a modified Canon 80D.
Technical card for 2020 session is in my Backyard Astrophotography Album.
I’ve not cropped this, so some background galaxies can be seen in the corners.
M81 is a large spiral galaxy in Ursa Major that is reasonably local to us at 12 million light years. Its companion, M82 has been disrupted by an encounter with M81 in the past.
M82 is a starburst galaxy with intense star formation triggered by the gravitational influence of M81. The red fan-like filaments at right angles to the axis of the galaxy are formed by a "superwind". The intense star formation has resulted in multiple supernovae explosions occurring about once every 10 years - the explosions power the super wind. The filaments are expanding outwards at about 600 miles a second and glow brightly in hydrogen alpha (red). They are also a very strong source of radio emission, listed as 3C 231 in the 3rd Cambridge catalogue of radio sources.
NGC3077 lies top left. It’s classified as a peculiar galaxy and may have interacted with M81 in the past and become disrupted. Some radial dust bands are just visible in this image - couldn’t see this detail before so nice to pick up in this longer integration.
The faint galaxy Holmberg IX lies just above M81, seen here as a faint triangular smudge contained in a trapezoid set of stars. It seems to be a companion dwarf galaxy to M81, a bit like our Magellanic Clouds.
The small galaxies bottom left and right are PGC28563 and PGC28225 respectively.
Image scale: 1.59 arcsecond/pixel
Field-of-view: 1d 37' 34.0" x 1d 9' 3.6"
Image centred on:
RA: 9hr 55min 25.931s
DEC: +67d 10min 05.69s
I tried a few new things in PixInsight processing to try and get the best integrated image. I used a custom expression in SubFrame Selector and graded all the subs based on that expression (using Eccentricity, SNR and FWHM). The integration then used the weighted images (via a FITS keyword) so that the best made the most contribution and the worst, least.