The BMW R nineT is a standard motorcycle made by BMW Motorrad since 2014. It is a retro styled roadster marketed by BMW to custom builders and enthusiasts as a "blank canvas for customizing".

The BMW R nineT has several design elements configured to allow the bike to be easily modified, such as separate engine and chassis wiring harnesses and minimal bolts attaching the rear subframe, tail lights, and headlight.

The R nineT version of the bike has upside-down (USD) telescopic forks rather than BMW's usual Telelever front suspension. The other versions have conventional telescopic forks.

All variations have an air/oil-cooled oilhead flat twin (or boxer) 1,170 cc (71 cu in) engine, which has the inlet manifold at the rear of the cylinders and the exhaust at the front. The oilhead is arguably[by whom?] more suitable for customization as it has a more conventional appearance than the new water-cooled engine.

The R nineT Scrambler knows no conventions: rough, unadapted, individual. Its handling is balanced and unique. With the boxer, you can ride around with your head held high, it is available for every spontaneity. And the typical Scrambler look together with the relaxed seating position makes a lot of difference – and above all is a lot of fun. Design your R nineT Scrambler so that it fits perfectly into your life. No matter what the others say. Just typical Soulfuel.

Turn on the power: With the air/oil-cooled boxer of the Scrambler, you can do this in a playful way. We have optimised its power and torque curve and noticeably increased it in the 4,000 to 6,000 rpm range. This way, you have the power exactly where you need it and can remain powerful and completely relaxed out on the road. The peak torque remains at 116 Nm at 6,000 rpm. And of course the boxer complies with the Euro 5 standard.

Last night was a good night. I was able to get over 200 1-minute light frames (I use short exposures because of the excessive light pollution in my urban/suburban location; seems to work better for me. There was also a bit of moonlight to deal with.)

No experimenting with the Hubble Palette.

September 27, 2026; Tallahassee, Florida. Bortle 7/8, average transparency, average seeing. 206 1-minute subframes, calibration frames, AT60ED (f/6), ASI533MC Pro, L-Ultimate dual narrow-band filter, Sky Watcher GTi. I used an ASIAir for control; AstroWizard and PS for post processing.

The Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art

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Photographed near Coober Pedy, South Australia

(Outback Australia, 850 km northwest of Adelaide;

latitude 29 degrees south)

* Total exposure time: 10 minutes.

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Description:

This view of the centre of our home galaxy - the Milky Way - lies in the familiar constellations Sagittarius (left side) and Scorpius (right side). This part of the cosmos is always very low in the sky as seen from the northern Hemisphere.

When I captured the ten subframes that comprise this image, the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpius were almost directly overhead. The dark sky of the Australian Outback makes for a dramatic, high-contrast view.

Here is the equipment used to make this image:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/21202535154

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Technical information:

Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art Lens on Nikon D810a camera body, mounted on Sky-Watcher Star Adventurer tracking mount with a Kirk Enterprises ball head

Ten stacked frames; each frame:

50 mm focal length

ISO 2500; 1 minute exposure at f/4.5

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, levels, colour balance, colour desaturation)

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, between 02.57 and 03.16 EDT

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

* Altitude of the nebula at time of exposures: 46-50°

* Temperature 10° C.

* Total exposure time: 16 minutes

* 660 mm focal length telescope

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Description:

This faint and visually very elusive nebula can be photographed to advantage only in a good dark sky.

Known as the "California Nebula" because of its shape, this glowing cloud of red hydrogen gas is quite large; about five times as long as, and a little wider than, the Moon appears in our sky. The nebula is located 1,000 - 2,000 light years from our solar system, and is about 100 light years from end to end. Radiation from the nearby blue-white star Xi Persei (the brightest star in the frame, below the nebula) causes the nebula to fluoresce.

The California Nebula was discovered by famed American astronomer E.E. Barnard in 1884-5, just in time to be added to Dreyer's New General Catalog (NGC).

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Technical information:

Nikon D810a camera body on Tele Vue 127is (127 mm - 5" - diameter) apochromatic astrograph, mounted on iOptron CEM40 equatorial mount

Sixteen stacked frames; each frame:

660 mm focal length

ISO 5000; 1 minute exposure at f/5.2; unguided

Subframes registered in RegiStar;

Stacked and processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, colour balance, levels, colour desaturation)

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Drive-by-shooting…

M101 is in the constellation of Ursa Major, and is roughly 21 million light-years away. It is nearly 3 times as wide as our own Milky Way Galaxy and contains an estimated 1 trillion stars

I started this project in early April of this year, and due to weather just completed it last week. This is my first image of 2026 and my last was from Oct '25

It took this with an Orion ED102T & a QHY Minicam8. Shot through L-R-G-B filters(75- 3 minute subframes), for a total of 3h 45m. This was also blended with images from a 11" Celestron Edge with Hyperstar and a QHY268C for an additional 2h 26m(73-2 minute subframes)

Kind of sad that there has only been a handful of clear moonless nights since Oct of last year

Santa Maria della Salute, Venezia

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

between 23.58 and 00.13 EDT

* Altitude of the cluster at time of exposures: 33-34°

* Total exposure time: 8 minutes

* 660 mm focal length telescope

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Description:

This large, pretty and bright open cluster of stars, at the lower right in this view, happens to lie in our line of sight in front of one of the brighter, star-dense arms of our Milky Way galaxy. It is a favourite observational target of northern hemisphere astronomers on summer evenings. More than 30,000 stars can be seen in this photo.

From Wikipedia:

"The Wild Duck Cluster is one of the richest and most compact of the known open clusters, containing about 2900 stars. Its age has been estimated to about 250 million years. Its name derives from the brighter stars forming a triangle which could resemble a flying flock of ducks (or, from other angles, one swimming duck)."

For a wider angle view of Scutum and M11, made with a 740 mm focal length telescope in September 2016, click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/30487082573

For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/52227785371

___________________________________________

Technical information:

Nikon D810a camera body on Tele Vue 127is (127 mm - 5" - diameter) apochromatic telescope, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount

Eight stacked subframes; each frame:

ISO 4000; 1 minute exposure at f/5.2, unguided

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, levels, colour balance)

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Photographed 25 km east of Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia, long. 134.04° E., lat. 23.76° S., between 02.45 and 03.03 CAST (Central Australian Standard Time)

* Altitude of centre of frame at time of exposures: 20°

* Temperature 10° C.

* Total exposure time: 8 minutes

* 540 mm focal length telescope

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Description:

NGC 2602 is a bright open cluster of about 74 stars in the constellation Carina that is referred to as the "Southern Pleiades". The cluster, which can easily be seen with the unaided eye, was discovered by Abbe Lacaille in 1751 from South Africa. It is a very close star cluster, lying only about 547 light years from our solar system, as compared with the even closer (444 light years) Pleiades (also call M45).

NGC 2602 is the third brightest open cluster in the sky, after the Pleiades and the nearby Hyades, both of which are in the northern constellation Taurus (The Bull).

Nearby (near the top and just left of centre in this image) lies the fainter Melotte 101 (also designated Collinder 227), an 8th magnitude cluster of some 70 stars that lies a staggering 6,500 light years from us.

This is the telescope and mount that I used for my astrophotography on this trip:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/28602350028

For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/42506618052

__________________________________________

Technical information:

Nikon D810a camera body on Tele Vue 101is 101 mm (4") apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Sky-Watcher HEQ5 equatorial mount

Eight stacked subframes - each frame:

ISO 2500; 1 minute exposure at f/5.4, 540 mm focal length, unguided (with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (levels, masking of brightest stars)

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Seestar S50

Polar alignment. 180 thirty-second subframes

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Photographed outside Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, Northern Territory, Australia (440 km by road southwest of Alice Springs), long. 131.04° E., lat. 25.22° S., between 01.42 and 02.05 CAST (Central Australian Standard Time)

* Altitude of Crux at time of exposures: 45-42°

* Temperature 10° C.

* Total exposure time: 7 minutes

* 135 mm focal length lens

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Description:

One of the best known star patterns in the sky - but one that is visible only from the northern hemisphere south of latitude 25° or from the southern hemisphere - is the Southern Cross, which is formed by three very bright stars and one fainter star in the constellation Crux (The Cross).

Nearby (to the left of centre in this view) is the dark foreground nebula called the "Coal Sack".

This part of the sky is strewn with numerous open star clusters.

This is the telescope and mount that I used for my astrophotography on this trip:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/28602350028

For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/27581418417

__________________________________________

Technical information:

Nikkor AF-S 70-200 mm f/2.8 G ED VRII lens on Nikon D850 camera body, mounted on Sky-Watcher HEQ5 equatorial mount with Kirk Enterprises ball head

Seven stacked subframes; each frame:

ISO 3200; 1 minute exposure at f/4.5, unguided

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (levels, colour balance brightness, contrast)

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This is the first galaxy I have seriously put effort into. I used a Sony A7III camera mounted on a Celestron C14 EdgeHD telescope with a .7 focal reducer. I stacked 20 subframes and did some post processing in Lightroom.

Target: NGC281 Pac-Man Nebula

The Pacman nebula is named for the video game it resembles. If you put the moon in front of this nebula you would just block it. It is located 9200 light years away in the constellation of Cassiopeia, which resembles a W or M in the northern skies.

Gear:

Mount: ZWO AM5

Main Cam: ZWO ASI294MC Pro @ gain 121 and 14F

Guide Cam: ZWO ASI120MM Mini with ZWO 30mm f/4 scope

Lens: Sigma 150-600 @ 600

Filter: Antlia ALP-T 5nm Ha and Oiii

Acquisition:

Light frames: Best 48 of 66 5 minute subs totaling 4 Hr integration

Sessions: 20-Sep-23

Location: Waller, Texas country road

Bortle: 5/6 ?

Moon: none for most of session

Processing

• PI - Subframe selector, WBPP

• GraXpert background

• PI SPCC

• PI Russel Croman - BXT NXT STX

• PI Starless Edits

○ Bill Blanshan Mike Cranfield Narrowband Normalization Tool

○ Bill Blanshan GHS Stretch

○ Curves

○ Dark Structure Enhance

• PI Stars Edits

○ Arcsinh Stretch

○ SCNR, Invert and SCNR

○ Curve Saturation

• PS ACR Black point, Highlights, Clarity, Dehaze

• PS Selective Colors

• PS Screen stars layer, copy stars layer/brighten it/mask in selective stars

• PS Watermark

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, between 00.19 and 00.45 EDT

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

* Altitude of centre of frame at time of exposures: 21°

* Temperature 11° C.

* Total exposure time: 12 minutes

* 200 mm focal length lens

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Description:

As it revolves around the Sun in its stately 30-year orbit, the gas giant planet Saturn passes through each constellation of the zodiac in about two and half years. 2018 finds Saturn in the constellation Sagattarius (the Archer), set against the star clouds and nebulae that lie toward the centre of our Milky Way galaxy.

Saturn is the brightest object left of and below centre in this view. The massive red-pink Lagoon Nebula appears at lower right, with the smaller Trifid Nebula (with both blue and red components) above it. Many star clouds and tendrils of dark foreground gas can be seen throughout this region of the galaxy.

Right now Saturn shines at magnitude 0.0, and lies about 9 AU (astronomical units, the average distance between the Sun and Earth) from us. Light takes 1 hr 15 min to travel from Saturn to Earth. It is moving in retrograde motion (i.e., backwards, from east to west, or from left to right in this view), and will do so until mid-September, when it will come to a standstill and resume direct motion from west to east. At that time in September, Saturn will lie much closer to the Lagoon and Trifid nebulae.

For a closer view of the Lagoon and Trifid nebulae made two and a half months earlier, click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/41619562501

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Technical information:

Nikkor AF-S 70-200 mm f/2.8 G ED VRII lens on Nikon D810a camera body, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount with Kirk Enterprises ball head.

Here is a photo of the equipment that I use for astrophotography:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/37143140824

Twelve stacked frames - each frame:

200 mm focal length

ISO 3200; 1 minute exposure at f/4.5; unguided

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes registered in RegiStar;

Stacked and processed in Photoshop CS6 (levels, brightness, contrast, colour balancing & desaturation)

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This image was taken at the end of August 2019. With a Vixen Visac and a ZWO ASI 071 ​​MC.

I didn't post it until today.

I still have some more images that I have not shared on my social networks and I hope to present them.

Telescope: Vixen Visac

CMOS: ZWO ASI 071MC

Mount: Skywatcher AZ-EQ6

60 subframes of 180"

Processed with Pixinsight and Photoshop CC2022

We had clear skies for a few hours last week, so I tried grabbing data in 5 channels from my light polluted backyard.

L channel: combination of 25 s and 60 s subframes

R channel: 29 60 s subframes

G channel: not usable

B channel: 41 60 s subframes

H-alpha: 11 180 s subframes

There was a weird artifact in my green channel images, so I mixed the signal from red and blue and used photometric color correction on the resulting RGB image to try to adjust for it.

Celestron Edge HD 925 at 1530 mm focal length

Atik 414-EX mono camera

Optolong filter set

The supernova is the brightest "star" in the image, at about the 8 o'clock position.

Preprocessing in Nebulosity; registration, stacking, channel combination, and initial processing in PixInsight; final touches in GIMP

This is a wide-field shot of the Heart Nebula I took last night using a QHY23M & 50mm F/1.8(at F/2.8) camera lens w Ha filter.

I dont have any kind of filter holder or wheel, but as luck would have it, the Optolong 2" Ha filter lays inside the indention of the lens.(Just have to be careful slewing the scope )

I combined 18- 5 minute subframes

The image covers 13.3x10.7 degrees of the sky.

M31 with M32 lower middle and M110 upper right. This image was taken in light polluted skies with a colour deep sky camera and is a stack of just 20x2minutes subframes. I was experimenting with its settings to see what would work effectively on this target without the usual problem of over-exposing the central area. Normally with deep sky CCD cameras I need two or three hours of data to get a similar result.

Peter

Equipment:

Atik Horizon colour CMOS camera set to medium gain, Baader-S filter, 80mm triplet APO refractor, EQ8 mount.

A shock find on streetview. While prepping for a spotting trip, I thought I'd have a look in a random newbuild estate, just because the streetview had been done pretty recently. To my surprise, this pre-facelift Ulysse was sitting, so I went to go and see it the next day.

Long term ownership and off the road since last year, after failing it's MOT on the dreaded Front Subframe. I'd say it's the end of the road for this rare MPV, but kudos to the owners for keeping it about.

P797 FJA

Messier 45, the closest of any of the 110 Messier objects. It is located in the constellation of Taurus, 444 light years away, visible with the naked eye.

I took this over 7 nights from Sept 15-Dec 12, 2023

Camera: QHY268M

Telescope: 11" Celestron Edge HD with Hyperstar V4.0

Optolong LUM-224x120sec

Camera: QHY128C

Telescope: Astrotech AT65EDQ

Optolong LUM-9x480sec

Optolong LUM-17x300sec

10h 5m

I have been trying longer subframes with the Hyperstar, outside of the 30sec I have been stuck on for years. Each panel has a minimum of 20 frames at 120 seconds through an Optolong LUM filter. I'm starting another round hoping to double them by the end of the season

Resolution ............... 1.432 arcsec/px

Rotation ................. -19.722 deg

Reference system ......... ICRS

Observation start time ... 2023-12-12 12:00:00 UTC

Focal distance ........... 540.27 mm

Pixel size ............... 3.75 um

Field of view ............ 5d 17' 16.9" x 3d 9' 0.2"

Image center ............. RA: 3 46 18.110 Dec: +24 10 51.43

Image bounds:

top-left .............. RA: 3 55 02.484 Dec: +26 32 11.56

top-right ............. RA: 3 33 00.671 Dec: +24 44 12.27

bottom-left ........... RA: 3 59 28.195 Dec: +23 33 13.77

bottom-right .......... RA: 3 37 52.872 Dec: +21 47 43.30

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, between 23.30 and 00.01 EDT

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

* Altitude of M51 at time of exposures: 41°, decreasing to 36°

* Temperature 16° C.

* Total exposure time: 15 minutes

* 2483 mm focal length telescope

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Located just south of the end star of the Big Dipper in the constellation Ursa Major (The Great Bear) (but actually across the border in the constellation Canes Venatici - The Hunting Dogs) the Whirlpool galaxy is a favourite target of amateur astronomers, especially in the northern hemisphere spring and early summer.

M51, which has a black hole at its core, is about 35% of the size and mass of our own Milky Way galaxy. It was the first galaxy to be identified as spiral in structure. The two portions of this galaxy interact with each other; the smaller satellite portion is named NGC 5195. The distance to this galaxy is still quite uncertain; estimates are between 15 and 35 million light years. By contrast, the great Andromeda Galaxy lies a mere 3 million light years from us.

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Click here to see the equipment used to photograph this galaxy:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/49937525648

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Technical information:

Nikon D810a camera body at prime focus of Meade 30 cm (12") LX-850 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount

Fifteen stacked frames; each frame:

2483 mm focal length

ISO 5000; 60 seconds exposure at f/8, unguided

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, levels, colour balance)

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The first clear nights after the rainy season and I needed to test some new gear and combos and that was my excuse for picking some easy targets. This was taken with a Canon 400mm f5.6L lens on a QHY183C colour camera connected via an Astromechanics EF focus adapter which enabled Sequence Generator Pro's autofocus routine to work with the lens. The image is an integration of nearly 10 hours total exposure (199 x 180 second subframes). The mount was a Skywatcher AZ-EQ5. Image capture was managed via SGP and PHD2 and all post-processing was carried out in PixInsight. As usual, I was defeated by Alnitak.

Observed from Prachinburi, Thailand.

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, between 21.57 and 22.18 EDT

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

* Altitude of M17 at time of photo: 27°

* Temperature 14° C.

* Total exposure time: 10 minutes

* 540 mm focal length telescope

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Description:

One of the showpieces of the northern hemisphere summer sky is this diffuse nebula of hydrogen gas, which can be seen in amateur telescopes quite low in the southern sky, just outside the band of the Milky Way.

Known as the "Omega Nebula" because of the similarity of its shape to the last letter in the Greek alphabet, M17 is a hotbed of star formation.

From Wikipedia: "The Omega Nebula is between 5,000 and 6,000 light-years from Earth and it spans some 15 light-years in diameter. The cloud of interstellar matter of which this nebula is a part is roughly 40 light-years in diameter and has a mass of 30,000 solar masses. The total mass of the Omega Nebula is an estimated 800 solar masses.

The open cluster NGC 6618 lies embedded in the nebulosity and causes the gases of the nebula to shine due to radiation from these hot, young stars."

For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/29309651576

And for a wider angle view of this entire region, showing neighbouring nebulae and stars clusters, click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/28874267555

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Technical information:

Nikon D810a camera body on Teleview 101is apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount with a Kirk Enterprises ball head

Ten stacked frames; each frame:

540 mm focal length

ISO 4000; 1 minute exposure at f/5.4; unguided

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes registered in RegiStar;

Stacked and processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, unsharp mask, levels)

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Photographed from mid-town Toronto, Canada, at 18.43 EST (Moon altitude: 54° | Sun 7.6° below the horizon)

* Temperature 5° C.

Although this evening was very clear, there was a persistent gusty wind from the west, which made it difficult to keep the telescope steady during the ten subframes that make up this image.

Here the Moon, gliding through the constellation Gemini (The Twins) was 78.7% sunlit, on its way to its full phase in the early evening of March 1 (four days from now).

Although it is subtle, some colour can be seen on the lunar disk, particularly in the Moon's so-called maria ("seas"), which of course are lava plains and not water.

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Nikon D850 camera body on Explore Scientific 152 mm (6") apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Sky-Watcher AZ-EQ6 SynScan mount.

Best eight of ten identical stacked frames; each frame:

* ISO 100, 1/100 sec. exposure, f/8

Stacked in Registax

Processed in Photoshop CS6

(brightness, contrast, colour saturation)

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Manufacturer: Auto Union AG, Auto Union AG, Chemnitz - Germany

Type: Lastwagen

Engine: 692cc straight-2 two-stroke water-cooled

Power: 20 bhp / 4.000 rpm

Speed: 85 km/h

Production time: 1934 - 1936

Production outlet: unkown

Curb weight: 800 kg

Special:

- Auto Union was the result of a merger between four companies in 1932: Wanderer, DKW, AUDI and Horch.

- The emblem represents this amalgamation with its four rings, one representing each company.

- The shares were sold in 1964 to Volkswagen and from that time on they were called Auto Union (without DKW).

- In 1969, NSU became part of the union and became known as AUDI NSU. In 1985, it offically became known as AUDI.

- From 1931 until Juli 1963 they were build at Audi works in Zwickau, Germany.

- This DampfKraftWagen (DKW) "Lastwagen" / lorry was based on the F4 Series (1934-1935), having front wheel drive.

- It has a three-speed manual gearbox (with a lockable freewheel device), a "Krückstockschalthebel" / "umbrella stick" coming out of the dahsboard, a 6-Volts electric system, a 32 liter fuel tank and front wheel drive.

- Its self-supporting body was supported by a U-profile plywood subframe, has rear hinged "suicide" doors for easier access and egress, independent suspension and drum brakes all around.

For July 21-27, 2023.

Looking upstream, the Assiniboine River framed between the trees on the bank.

Captured from my backyard in Gérgal, Almeria Spain over 3 nights.

This project was to be paired with RGB stars from the RGB image also posted here. Unfortunately the stars were not good enough due to a rotator tilt problem I had during some of the imaging sessions. Instead, this the whole image with Ha, Sii and Oiii data.

Captured on 21, 22, 23rd of February 2022.

Subframes

59 x Ha 300s : 4h 55min

42 x Sii 300s : 3h 30min

51 x Oiii 300s : 4h 15min

Calibration:

20 Bias and Darks

20 Flats for each filter per night.

Manufacturer: Volkswagen AG (VAG), Wolfsburg - Germany

Type: Typ 3 Variant 1600 Luxus (L)

Production time: 1965 - 1973

Production time: 1961 - 1973 (all Typ 3's)

Production outlet: 1,202,483 (all 1500/1600 Variant models)

Production outlet: 2,583,015 (all Typ 3's / all models)

Engine: 1584cc four-cylinder boxer forced air-cooled

Power: 54 bhp / 4.000 rpm

Torque: 110 Nm / 2.200 rpm

Drivetrain: rear wheels

Speed: 135 km/h

Curb weight: 1000 kg

Wheelbase: 94.5 inch

Chassis: central tubular frame with continuous deck, rear forked subframe and monocoque body

Steering: worm & roller with hydraulic damper

Gearbox: four-speed manual / all synchronized / floor shifter

Clutch: dry plate disc

Carburettor: twin Solex PDSIT downdraft

Fuel tank: 40 liter

Electric system: 12 Volts

Ignition system: distributor and coil

Brakes front: hydraulic ATE discs

Brakes rear: hydraulic drums

Suspension front: independent lengthwise crank trailing arms, anti-roll bar connected to upper trailing links, crossed transverse round torsion spring rods + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers

Suspension rear: double jointed CV joint trailing arms, transverse torsion bars (Variant model with additional compensating springs) + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers

Rear axle: live swing type

Differential: spiral bevel

Wheels: 4½J x 15 safety rim wheels

Tires: 6.00 x 15 Bias 6 Ply

Options: Fichtel & Sachs Saxomat semi-automatic four speed transmission (an electromagnetic clutch with a centrifugal clutch used for idle), Bosch D-Jetronic electronic fuel injection (from 1967 ”E” models), Air Conditioning (USA)

Special:

- Typ 3 (Projekt EA 142: 1961 – 1973, introduced at the 1961 Frankfurt Motor Show) was the first "big Volkswagen" and the last series with the air-cooled boxer engines.

- It shared the Beetles gearbox, rear axle and the engine mounted in the back (into a subframe which contained the complete rear suspension) and almost half of the total production were Variants (43 %).

- Since 1966 all models became a 12 Volts electric system and were called "VW 1600", but the "1600 A" still had the old 1493cc engine with only 45 bhp/4.000 rpm.

- Typ 3 Series was available as this 3-door “Squareback”, as 2-door Notchback Sedan, as 2-door Fastback Coupé, as 3-door Delivery Sedan and as 2-door Convertible (only 12 built) in Europe. Cars built in Brasil (nicknamed “Zé do Caixão” (meaning "Coffin Joe") and Argentina could be delivered with 4 doors.

- Type 3 output continued in Clayton (Australia) until 1974 and in São Bernardo do Campo (Brazil) until 1982.

This is my project for October 2017: Helix Nebula (NGC 7293) or: "The Eye of God". This is a preliminary version of this ongoing project, this one only without narrow band filters. 24 h total exposure time (180 sec for each subframe). Only data of the RGB camera with a L-pro filter.

ATIK 490 color on Hyperstar 14" /F1.9. ASA DDM85 mount with pointing file guiding. Six nights of capturing in October 2017. Later I will process the narrow band filter data (h-Alpha, OIII, SII and infrared) collected in parallel for another 24 hours. Tenerife 1180 meters above sea level.

IC 63 is an emission nebula in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is about 550 light-years from Earth. It is is being shaped by radiation from the nearby variable star, Gamma Cassiopeiae, which is slowly eroding away the surrounding clouds of dust and gas. The star is estimated to be 3-4 light-years from the nebula.

This image is a broadband image using an Antlia Triband RGB filter. I was pleasantly surprised by how pronounced the Ha is in this broadband image with just 45 minutes of integration time.

Date: October 29, 2025

Bortle Class 5 backyard, SF Bay Area (East Bay)

Capture: 30 x 90-sec subframes, OSC

Telescope: Celestron C9.25 SCT

Accessory: Starizona HyperStar C9.25-v4 lens

Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI 2600MC

Antlia Triband RGB Ultra, 2"

Mount: iOptron GEM45

ZWO ASIAIR Plus Control and Capture

Calibrated with Darks, Flats and Dark Flats

Processed with PixInsight, Photoshop

Atik 314L+ with Sigma 70-300 zoom lens (set to 135mm) and Baader 7nm Ha filter (1.25") piggybacked to main scope on a CEM60. Four subframes of fifteen minutes each stacked in Deepskystacker and processed in PS CS2.

Taken early hours of 30th Sept 2021

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Photographed 11 km east-southeast of Coober Pedy, South Australia, long. 134.85° E., lat. 27.08° S., between 23.10 and 23.44 CAST (Central Australian Standard Time)

* Altitude of centre of LMC at time of exposures: 20°, declining to 17.5°

* Temperature 10° C.

* Total exposure time: 16 minutes

* 540 mm focal length telescope

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Description:

The LMC is satellite galaxy of our own Milky Way that is part of the Local Group of galaxies, lies about 163,000 light years from us, and has a diameter of about 14,000 light years. Nearby is the smaller galaxy called the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC).

To the unaided eye in a dark sky site the LMC is a large, faint glowing patch that appears detached from the band of the Milky Way.

From Wikipedia:

"Although both clouds have been easily visible for southern nighttime observers well back into prehistory, the first known written mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud was by the Persian astronomer `Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Shirazi, (later known in Europe as "Azophi"), in his Book of Fixed Stars around 964 AD.

Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope, announced in 2006, suggest the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds may be moving too fast to be orbiting the Milky Way."

The Tarantula Nebula is a region of glowing hydrogen gas within the LMC. It is extremely luminous, so much so that if it were at the distance of the Orion Nebula it would cast shadows.

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For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/42979795051

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This is the telescope and mount that I used for my astrophotography on this trip:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/28602350028

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Technical information:

Nikon D810a camera body on Tele Vue 101is 101 mm (4") apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Sky-Watcher HEQ5 equatorial mount

Fourteen stacked subframes - each frame:

ISO 2500; 1 minute exposure at f/5.4, 540 mm focal length, unguided (with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness / contrast, levels, colour balance, masking of centre of Tarantula Nebula)

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, between 23.29 and 23.51 EDT

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

* Temperature 17° C.

* Total exposure time: 6 minutes.

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Description:

One of the brightest sections in our home galaxy, the Milky Way, appears in the small constellation Scutum (the Shield), which appears in the southern sky half way from the horizon to the zenith as seen from southern Canada and the northern United States.

In this area appear many foreground cold, dark nebulae, which obscure the light of the stars beyond. These dark regions were photographed and catalogued by the great American astronomer E. E. Barnard (1857 - 1923) (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Emerson_Barnard), and bear the designation "B", numbered from 1 to 370.

Near the centre of this view is a favourite target of amateur astronomers with modest telescopes: M11, the "Wild Duck Cluster". This is a rich open cluster of stars that looks like a duck in flight. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Duck_Cluster for more information about M11.

For a version of this photo WITH labels, click on the RIGHT side of your screen, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/28867652495

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Technical information:

Nikkor AF-S 70-200 mm f/2.8 G ED VRII lens on Nikon D810a camera body, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount with a Kirk Enterprises ball head

Six stacked frames; each frame:

200 mm focal length

ISO 4000; 1 minute exposure at f/4.5; unguided

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes registered in RegiStar;

Stacked and processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, levels, colour balance, colour desaturation)

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FR : Musée du cheval

Chantilly (60)

Détail de l'essieu avant directionnel en bois laqué d'un "Brougham", voiture hippomobile produite en Angleterre par Barker & Co vers 1880.

EN; Horse museum

Chantilly

Detail of the lacquered wooden directional front axle of a "Brougham", horse-drawn carriage produced in England by Barker & Co around 1880.

✨ Heart Nebula (IC 1805) Overview The Heart Nebula, officially designated IC 1805, is a vast emission nebula located about 7,500 light-years away in the constellation Cassiopeia. Named for its striking resemblance to a human heart, this celestial cloud glows intensely red due to ionized hydrogen gas energized by a cluster of young, massive stars at its core known as Melotte 152.

🌌 Key Features

Type: Emission nebula (H II region)

Distance: ~7,500 light-years

Size: Spans about 150 arcminutes—roughly four times the diameter of the full Moon

Core Cluster: Melotte 15, containing stars up to 50 times the mass of the Sun

Colouration: Rich reds from hydrogen, with blues and oranges from ionised oxygen and sulfur.

Center (RA, hms): 02h 33m 18.552s

Center (Dec, dms): +61d eg 22' 27.823"

Size: 47.1 x 46.9 arcmin

Radius: 0.554 deg

Pixel scale: 1.01 arcsec/pixel

### Session Log: January 9, 2024

- Target: Heart/Fish Head Nebula (NGC 896)

- Location: Havant, UK

- Telescope: Skywatcher Evostar 120mm, Skywatcher 0.85x reducer flattener, f6.375, 768mm

- Mount: iOptron CEM40g

- Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI533MM Pro

- Gain: 101, (Offset: 70 if one is used)

- Temp: -10°C (cooled)

- Subframes:

- Ha : 50 x 300s

- R: 66 x 90s

-G: 55 x 90s

- B: 50 x 90s

- Calibration frames:

- BIAS:

- Flats:

- Darks:

- Dark flats

- Filters: ZWO Ha, ZWO Red, ZWO Blue, ZWO Green

- Guiding: iOptron iGuider f4 integrated to the mount, dither every 5 frames

- Accessories: Primalucelab Eagle 5, Primalucelab ECCO, Primalucelab ESATTO, Primalucelab ARCO, Primaluce lab ALTO/GIOTTO

- Environmental: Bortle 5

- Software: Primalucelab Eagle Manager, N.I.N.A, PHD2

- Notes: No notes from the session, no calibration frames were taken on the night, the plan was to use the pre-done catalogue.

📚 Software & Processing Summary:

- Stacking: Starpx.com

- Processing: Starpx.com with the enhanced further processed in Pixinsight to bring out the nebulosity

- Final Editing: Photoshop with colour correction and crop

RT plays trumpet inside historic Treadwell Mine office building, Douglas, Southeast Alaska.

The Crab Nebula, also known as Messier 1 or NGC 1952, is a famous astronomical object located in the constellation of Taurus. It is a supernova remnant, resulting from a massive stellar explosion that was observed by Chinese astronomers in the year 1054. The nebula is approximately 6,500 light-years away from Earth and spans about 10 light-years in diameter.

At the heart of the Crab Nebula lies a pulsar, which is a rapidly rotating neutron star. This pulsar, also known as the Crab Pulsar, is only about 6 miles in diameter, has a mass greater than the Sun and spins 30 times per second. Observations indicate that the Crab Nebula is expanding at a rate of 1,500 km per second since its explosion over 900 years ago.

AQUISITION:

Telescope: SkyWatcher Esprit 150

Camera: QHY268MM

Filters: Astronomik Deep Sky Ha/OIII

SUBFRAMES:

Ha: 96 x 300"

OIII: 98 x 300"

Total exposure time: 16.2hrs

Taken Jan/Feb 2024 by Hector Jimenez

My new winter project. A 1979 Mini 850. Its had rebuilt subframes and a reconditioned engine so drives really nice. I'm intending on a full respray fairly soon but still deciding on a colour!

Battle of the Sexes: Males in the frame…

Dwarf III

Equatorial mode | 285 30-second subframes | 30 gain

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

between 22.01 and 22.24 EDT

* Altitude of centre of frame at time of exposures: ~27°, declining to 24°

* Temperature 3° C.

* Total exposure time: 12 minutes

* 150 mm focal length lens

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Description:

Although Scutum is the fifth smallest constellation in the sky, it contains many open star clusters, a globular star cluster, and many dark foreground gas clouds. Located in the heart of northern hemisphere summer Milky Way, Scutum also features a bright starcloud that is easily visible to the unaided eye, and is magnificent to observe in binoculars - as long as you are in a dark sky location well away from the light pollution of our cities!

For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/52403087835

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Technical information:

Nikkor AF-S 70-200 mm f/2.8 G ED VRII lens on Nikon D810a camera body, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount with Kirk Enterprises ball head

Twelve stacked subframes; each frame:

ISO 4000; 1 minute exposure at f/4.5

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (levels, colour balance)

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Photographed from mid-town Toronto, Canada, at 22.15 EST (Moon altitude: 53° | Sun 57° below the horizon)

* Temperature -10° C.

► I have redone this image by stacking multiple identical frames, and reprocessing with a different, more realistic colour balance. ◄

This was the first clear night in some weeks in Toronto. Yes it was very cold, but this was the day when I received my new Nikon Z7 mirrorless camera, and I just had to try it out on the Full Moon. Actually, the Moon was not yet quite full when I got the subframes from which this image was made; it would not reach its full phase for another 2 hours, 26 minutes. Also, the Moon was 5° south of the ecliptic, so we could look "over" the north limb (or edge) of the Moon's disk, and see some of the shadows inside the craters along the north (upper) limb that are apparent in this view.

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Nikon Z7 camera body on Explore Scientific 152 mm (6") apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Sky-Watcher AZ-EQ6 SynScan mount.

Best nine of twelve identical stacked frames - each frame:

● 1253 mm focal length

● ISO 100, 1/400 sec. exposure, f/8

Subframes stacked in Registax

Processed in Photoshop CS6

(cropping, field rotation, brightness, contrast, colour saturation, colour balance, sharpening)

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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, between 00.53 and 01.14 EDT

(285 km by road north of Toronto)

* Altitude of GALAXIES at time of exposures: 39°, declining to 35°

* Temperature 0° C.

* Total exposure time: 10 minutes

* 660 mm focal length telescope

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Description:

The constellations Leo, Ursa Major and Canes Venatici, which are well seen in the northern hemisphere spring, are populated with many galaxies that can be seen in amateur telescopes, as long as the observer gets out of the light-polluted city and finds a dark rural sky.

Near the familiar star pattern of Leo (the Lion) are three bright galaxies that are favourite targets of amateur stargazers. M66 (lower left) is a spiral galaxy located about 31 million km from our Milky Way galaxy. It has loosely wound arms and prominent dust lanes, and recedes from us at the rate of ~700 km per second.

The nearby M65 (lower right) is another spiral galaxy that is a little fainter and 4 million km further away than M66.

Both of these galaxies were discovered by famed French astronomer and comet hunter Charles Messier on 1780 March 1 at the Paris Observatory.

The larger but fainter galaxy NGC 3628 (top centre, also called the "Hamburger Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy at the same distance (35 million km) as M65. Discovered by English astronomer William Herschel in 1786, this galaxy appears almost edge-on as seen from Earth, and has a very prominent dark dust lane along its outer edge.

Foreground stars to about 16th magnitude can be seen in this image.

For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:

www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/40825176593

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Technical information:

Nikon D810a camera body on Tele Vue 127is (127 mm - 5" - diameter) apochromatic astrograph, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount

Ten stacked subframes; each frame:

ISO 2500; 1 minute exposure at f/5.2, unguided

(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)

Subframes stacked in RegiStar;

Processed in Photoshop CS6 (levels, brightness / contrast, colour balance)

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