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This is the site of an old clay mining operation in Golden, Colorado. Soft clay horizons occurred between hard sandstone intervals of the Laramie Formation. The beds here are vertically oriented - structural tilting occurred during the Laramide Orogeny in the Tertiary. The Laramie Formation is a nonmarine, coastal plain to deltaic succession of mostly mixed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks - sandstones, siltstones, claystones, and coals.
After clay mining ceased, the site became a landfill for ash from coal burning operations. Landfill activity buried many dinosaur footprints preserved in the Laramie Formation sandstones. The locality is now a "fossil preserve" with dinosaur footprints, plant fossils, and other features that can be closely examined along trails. An odd-looking golf course makes up the rest of the old clay mine.
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Two versions of on-site signage:
Clay Mining
Since 1877, five generations of the Parfet Family have mined clay from this area. Previously operated as the Parfet Clay Pit, the ceramic and brick industry used clay from this area primarily for bricks and sewer pipe. The Governor’s mansion, East and South High Schools in Denver, and the Jefferson County Hall of Justice in Golden were built from the distinctive tan bricks.
The clay, deposited in lakes and swamps 68 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous, is part of the Laramie Formation. Uplift of the modern day Rocky Mountains some 67-55 million years ago tilted the rock strata to their near vertical position. The clay layers were excavataed as trenches, leaving the vertical fins of sandstone visible today. Trace fossils such as dinosaur tracks and leaf impressions are visible on many of the remaining sandstone walls. The pits on either side of the trail contain fossil footprints that have yet to be detailed.
Logs, wedged horizontally between the sandstone walls, served as a warning device to miners. If the walls started to give way, the miners would hear the logs creak or “sing” and move to safety.
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Clay Mining
Clay from the Fossil Trace Golf Course, previously operated as the Parfet Clay Pits, has been mined for the ceramic and brick industries since 1877 by five generations of the Parfet family. The predominant uses of this clay were for brick and sewer pipe. The tan brick was used to build the Governor’s mansion, East and South High Schools in Denver and the Jefferson County Hall of Justice in Golden. The clay was deposited in small ponds and depressions about 70 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period and became part of the Laramie Formation. The rock strata were tilted vertical by the uplift of the modern day Rocky Mountains to the west approximately 60-65 million years ago. Clay layers were excavated as trenches, leaving vertical fins of sandstone, which contain trace fossils. The sandstone was originally sand which was deposited when adjacent streams overflowed their banks during flood events.
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Stratigraphy: Laramie Formation, Maastrichtian Stage, upper Upper Cretaceous
Locality: outcrops at Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, southern side of the town of Golden, Colorado, USA
Movement from an 18th century Dutch Staartklok. Sorry no photo of the case, some of the glue joints were failing and I didn't want to move it from the wall. (Discretion being the better part.) These movements don't use conventional plates, instead the wheels are retained by the thick brass bars in the center. The four columns provide the structural support and must be pinned tightly with good pins, not whatever old nail you can find or the movement can flex. A previous repairman failed to pin the movement properly and to make matters worse, instead of re-pivoting a wheel with a badly worn pivot he filed it down to about 0.030" diameter and then bushed the plate tightly. The first time my customer tried to wind the clock, the movement flexed and snapped the pivot off.
This wooden bailey bridge connecting New Westminster and Coquitlam was recently closed when structural problems were discovered.
Some animals and plants manipulate light to produce eye-catching structural colours. Hear interviews from the festival at physicsworld.com
First responders from across the country were in Virginia Beach for a massive structural collapse training exercise hosted by the Virginia Beach Fire Department and Virginia Task Force 2. The annual School was held at the sprawling complex of crawl spaces and staged disaster zones representing different scenarios – things first responders have seen and experienced first-hand. This course gives urban search and rescue teams a chance to practice their skills. More than 160 people took part in the hands-on training lasting for 8 days with students coming from as far as San Francisco, California, Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Delaware.
Photographs by Craig McClure
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. Eye of London!
Looking the 'wrong' way on the way down to earth ♥
Note to my contacts, please do not feel you have to comment on all the photos I have posted today ~ there are too many ~ I just wanted to get them sorted out :)
Part of the ♥ London ♥ set
Leading the majors on their Structural Geology Field Mapping Problem in Pennsylvania. Visible are Sean , Alicja , me (yellow pack), Ryan, Chris, Melissa. Handheld photo by Natalie R.. I'll be busy with field work for the next two months.
After the visit to the Roman House, we headed to Piazza del Comune in Spoleto.
Where you will find Palazzo Comunale.
The town hall of Spoleto is located halfway between the forum , now Piazza del Mercato, and Piazza del Duomo, in an area where noble houses, private or representative residences have stood since ancient times. In fact , its foundations partially rest on the area of the Roman house discovered by Giuseppe Sordini in 1885 .
After a long renovation completed in 2007 , it houses the institutional and political bodies of the city.
Previously other spaces were used, but after the year 1296 the city's government activity was concentrated in this newly restored building . We do not know the building's appearance before the thirteenth century, we only know that it included a cloister under whose arcades the podestà and the captain of the people performed part of their duties.
The oldest part of the building (13th century) is the tower on the south façade in via del Municipio; expansions and improvements that took place in the fifteenth century were possible thanks to the interest of Pope Nicholas V , whose family (mother, brother and uncles) lived in the city, inside the Rocca; himself in 1449 , to escape the spread of the plague in Rome, he joined the family and remained there for a few months .
Around 1455 inside the palace there was a chapel, which no longer exists, decorated by the master Arcangelo di Giovanni with sacred representations of the patron saints of the city. Of other frescoes, painted by Bernardino Campilio da Spoleto in 1498 and by Antonio Brunotti in 1510 , especially in the Sala delle udienze , important fragments survive.
In 1703 , the entire building was seriously damaged by the earthquake, so much so that the Council was forced to meet elsewhere. The complete restoration, approved after 3 years, will be long and will take place very slowly, due both to the scarcity of resources in the municipal coffers and to the subsequent and frequent earthquakes. In the end it will not be a simple restoration, but a total renovation of the building which is considerably enlarged by merging adjacent private houses. In 1782 , the Spoleto architect Pietro Ferrari presented projects which, however, failed to be completed. In 1784 it was decided to complete the work despite the opposition of many citizens who found the headquarters too large and sumptuous.
The direction of the works was entrusted to Francesco Angelo Amadio known as Scheggino and to the architect Andrea Vici . A final unification took place in 1913 : the adjacent Palazzo Brancaleoni was incorporated into the town hall to increase the work spaces.
Until the early eighties it housed the government offices, the registry office and other services open to the public, as well as the art gallery on the main floor.
The recent structural restructuring completed in 2007 has made it possible to safeguard and enhance the historical-architectural aspects, to redevelop the spaces and to break down the architectural barriers .
Other departments and services are located in various nearby locations such as the Ancaiani palace , the Mauri palace and the Genga palace .
Description:
EN14399 High Tensile Strength Structural Bolts
Product Description
Description: EN14399 High Tensile Strength Structural Bolts
Material: 40cr
Size: M12-M36
Coating: H.D.G
Grade: 10.9
Export Markets: Euro
St Mary the Less (so titled to differentiate it from its much grander rival nearby) sits alongside Peterhouse College and for much of its life served the dual purpose of parish church and college chapel from the 1340s until a the latter role was transferred to a new building in 1632. The church's exterior is fairly unpretentious in that there is no tower to announce its presence on the skyline, though the abundance of large traceried windows gives it a certain grandeur nonetheless.
Inisde is a light and inviting space, a long single chamber of nave and chancel without structural division (though a small Lady Chapel was added in the early 20th century and can be accessed at the south east corner). Daylight floods through the great windows which have much plain glazing although there is some good stained glass too, several pieces by Kempe and some notable more recent panels. This church is a more 'high church' Anglo-Catholic place of worship and thus retains a sense of the sacred in its atmosphere like a quiet shrine in the middle of the city, an inviting place to sit peacefully and gather one's thoughts.
St Mary the Less is normally kept open and welcoming and it is worth stepping inside to refresh the soul when passing this way to and from the centre.
Support legs for the center rail were flimsy and collapsed on my initial weight test - what crap! I will probably eventually use a 2x4 or 2x6, and install a U joist hanger or something to that effect, and modify the headboard to accommodate on the other side. In the meantime, this works well.
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The Sundial Bridge was designed by the acclaimed Spanish artist, architect, and engineer Santiago Calatrava. It spans the Sacramento River at the Turtle Bay Exploration Park in Redding, California, USA. This steel and glass pedestrian bridge was opened in 2004 and is a gateway to the Sacramento River Trail.
Photo by Chuck Rogers.
Structurally tilted shales in the Cretaceous of Utah, USA.
At center is an outcrop of Mowry Shale in Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. The Mowry is a mid-Cretaceous unit having dark-colored siliceous shales. Upon weathering, the shale usually consists of silvery-gray chips. Fragmentary fish fossils are common in some Mowry Shale outcrops. In Wyoming and Montana, the Mowry is a significant source rock for hydrocarbons. It's been calculated that about 12 billion barrels of oil have been generated by the Mowry in the deep subsurface of those two states (see summary in Bremer, 2016).
Stratigraphy: Mowry Shale, mid-Cretaceous
Locality: Fossil Discovery Trail, western Dinosaur National Monument, northern Uintah County, northeastern Utah, USA
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Reference cited:
Bremer (2016) - Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Cretaceous of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale in the Northern Bighorn Basin of Wyoming: Implications for Unconventional Resource Exploration and Development. M.S. thesis. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. 55 pp.
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See info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_National_Monument
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Geologic map of Dinosaur National Monument:
apocalyptic consequences of the Linguistic turn
The whole history of humanity can (quite roughly) be considered as a constant alternation of classical and anti-classical. We live in an anti-classical phase (entropic phase).
So if you think you bring something new, you are wrong.