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Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) are the fruits of certain plants from the nightshade family.
They are related to chili peppers, tomatoes, and breadfruit, all of which are native to Central and South America.
Also called sweet peppers or capsicums, bell peppers are eaten as vegetables, either raw or cooked.
Like their close relatives, the chili peppers, bell peppers are sometimes dried and powdered. In that case they are referred to as paprika.
They are low in calories and exceptionally rich in vitamin C and other antioxidants, making them an excellent addition to a healthy diet.
Bell peppers are loaded with various vitamins and minerals, and are exceptionally rich in vitamin C.
•Vitamin C: One medium-sized red bell pepper contains 169% of the RDA for vitamin C, making it one of the richest dietary sources of this essential nutrient.
•Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine is the most common type of vitamin B6, which is a family of nutrients that are important for the formation of red blood cells.
•Vitamin K1: A form of vitamin K, also known as phylloquinone. It is important for blood clotting and bone health.
•Potassium: An essential mineral that may improve heart health if consumed in adequate amounts.
•Folate: Also known as folic acid, folacin, or vitamin B9, folate has a variety of functions in the body. Adequate folate intake is very important during pregnancy.
•Vitamin E: A powerful antioxidant, essential for healthy nerves and muscles. The best dietary sources of this fat-soluble vitamin are oils, nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
•Vitamin A: Red bell peppers are high in pro-vitamin A (beta-carotene), which is converted into vitamin A in the body.
Snow fell through the night. It was the first of the season. This much used easy chair commands an easterly view of the winter shrouded neighborhood, from an upstairs bedroom. December 14, 2020
Medium- Water soluble transparent colour on paper,
Size- 56.5 cm x 56.5 cm ( excluding frame),
Art by Tamal Sen Sharma,
#artcollectors #artexhibition #artbuyers #art #artgallery #artgalleries #artgalleryonline #artistsonlinkedin #paintings #painting #paintingart #painter #gallery #galleryart #artforsale #fineart #finearts #abstractart #abstractartist #abstract #modernart #modernart #arte #galeriedart #melbandhan
Canon EOS 6D - f/7.1 - 1/125sec - 100mm - ISO 320
encapsulated vitamins + sunlight !
- for challenge Flickr group Macro Mondays, theme Remedy.
- soft-gels
All modern soft-gel encapsulation uses variations of a process developed by R. P. Scherer in 1933. His innovation was to use a rotary die to produce the capsules, with the filling taking place by blow molding. This method reduced wastage, and was the first process to yield capsules with highly repeatable dosage.
Softgels can be an effective delivery system for oral drugs, especially poorly soluble drugs. This is because the fill can contain liquid ingredients that help increase solubility or permeability of the drug across the membranes in the body. Liquid ingredients are difficult to include in any other solid dosage form such as a tablet.
When it comes to White Stuff I prefer the New Mexico version to Norway’s. For one thing you need to wear a lot less clothing. Seriously it’s nearly the end of the year and I thought a few highlights of 2016 might be in order. The white sands national monument has got to be one of the strangest places I have ever visited you can the impression in the middle of these huge dunes that somehow you have been transported to another planet. I took a lot of photographs that will emerge in time but here is one for now.
A bit of info about White Sands
The White Sands National Monument is located about 16 miles southwest of Alamogordo in western Otero County and northeastern Doña Ana County in the state of New Mexico, at an elevation of 4,235 feet . The area is in the mountain-ringed Tularosa Basin and comprises the southern part of a 275 square miles field of white sand dunes composed of gypsum crystals. It is the largest gypsum dune field in the world.
Gypsum is rarely found in the form of sand because it is water-soluble. Normally, rain would dissolve the gypsum and carry it to the sea. The Tularosa Basin is enclosed; meaning that it has no outlet to the sea and that rain that dissolves gypsum from the surrounding San Andres and Sacramento Mountains is trapped within the basin. Thus water either sinks into the ground or forms shallow pools, which subsequently dry out and leave gypsum in a crystalline form, called selenite, on the surface.
THANKS FOR YOUR VISIT AND FOR TAKING THE TIME TO WRITE A COMMENT IT’S MUCH APPRECIATED.
IF YOU WANT TO FOLLOW MY STREAM I SUGGEST YOU OUGHT TO READ MY PROFILE FIRST
Medium- Water soluble transparent colour on paper,
Size- 56.5 cm x 56.5 cm ( excluding frame),
Art by Tamal Sen Sharma,
#artcollectors #artexhibition #artbuyers #art #artgallery #artgalleries #artgalleryonline #artistsonlinkedin #paintings #painting #paintingart #painter #gallery #galleryart #artforsale #fineart #finearts #abstractart #abstractartist #abstract #modernart #modernart #arte #galeriedart #dooars #summer #summerofdooars
A friend shared her alcohol-soluble ink process with me, and this was the result of the first try. Practice would improve things! The trick is to not let too many colors run together and get muddy.
The frame was added digitally.
Continuing on with drawing the night. Here from my second floor window, looking down on the intersection. All is quiet. November 19, 2020
Marble Caves.
Along the shores of Lago General Carrera, the erosion of a marble peninsula led to the formation of the columns, tunnels and caves of the Capillas de Marmol. Calcium carbonate is slightly soluble in water and the fantastic formations were made as the lake waters rose and started to seep through small cracks in the marble at the water surface gradually eroding away the marble. Puerto Tranquilo, Patagonia.
11/05/2021 www.allenfotowild.com
La formación de las cascadas del río Urederra (Navarra, España) es el resultado de un proceso geológico e hidrológico largo y muy característico de los paisajes kársticos. Kársico se refiere a todo lo relacionado con el karst, un tipo de paisaje que se forma por la disolución de rocas solubles, sobre todo caliza, dolomía o yeso, por acción del agua.
Las aguas del Urederra son muy ricas en carbonato cálcico. Cuando el agua sale al aire y pierde CO₂, ese carbonato precipita formando travertino, una roca que se deposita en: bordes de pozas, represas naturales y salidas de agua.
Este travertino actúa como un “escalón natural”, creando diques que hacen que el agua caiga en forma de cascadas.
Tiene los triglicéridos altos y busca disminuirlos sin necesidad de tomar medicamento alguno, entonces a comer arvejas. Para que sepa, las arvejas como todas las legumbres son una importante fuente de fibra y, además, contienen fibra de los dos tipos: soluble e insoluble,
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No usar esta imagen sin mi autorización. © Todos los derechos reservados. así como las fotografías de la presente pagina Web.
Please don't use this image without my explicit permission. © All rights reserved,
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La formación de las cascadas del río Urederra (Navarra, España) es el resultado de un proceso geológico e hidrológico largo y muy característico de los paisajes kársticos. Kársico se refiere a todo lo relacionado con el karst, un tipo de paisaje que se forma por la disolución de rocas solubles, sobre todo caliza, dolomía o yeso, por acción del agua.
Las aguas del Urederra son muy ricas en carbonato cálcico. Cuando el agua sale al aire y pierde CO₂, ese carbonato precipita formando travertino, una roca que se deposita en: bordes de pozas, represas naturales y salidas de agua.
Este travertino actúa como un “escalón natural”, creando diques que hacen que el agua caiga en forma de cascadas.
Fantastic scenery: Assynt at its very best. A very windy moment flying the drone above one of my favourite lochs, the Maiden Loch near Clachtoll.
The landscape is typical knock-and-lochan Karst formation: shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, small undulating gneiss hillocks emerge amongst the lochs.
In the hazy distance, Suilven cuts its familiar outline on the far horizon.
Our new home is in the community of Rossmoor in Walnut Creek, California. We look out on rolling hills that are studded with oaks. This variety of oak is now leafless. From it, clumps of mistletoe hang.
This view, looking south from my studio window, is the first drawing I've done from my new abode.
December 29, 2022
where the weeds are bigger than people, lol at least in this image it is. They had the trail blocked off protecting a bald eagle nest to the left. If you take the trail to the right you can get images without tourists as in photo below. There is evidence a wildfire went through here a few years ago.
During the summer, glacier melt waters flood the lake, sometimes overflowing it and in fall and winter the lake disappears, becoming a mudflat with scattered pools of water connected by a stream, all of which is not so unusual, lakes empty all the time. What makes Medicine Lake unusual is that there is no visible channel for draining the lake – so where does the water go?
The answer is, “out the bottom,” like a bathtub without a plug. The Maligne River pours into the lake from the south and drains out through sinkholes in the bottom. The water then streams through a cave system formed in the slightly soluble limestone rock, surfacing again in the area of Maligne Canyon 16 kilometers downstream.
Cave Dale a dry limestone valley close to Castleton in the Peak District, Derbyshire.
The dale rises gently after leaving Castleton for approximately 200 metres before becoming steeper culminating in a fine viewpoint down the dale taking in Peveril Castle with Lose Hill behind. After the viewpoint the dale swings west and levels out with gentle gradients, becoming just a shallow depression as it peters out onto the open pastureland between Castleton and Chapel-en-le-Frith.
Cave Dale was initially formed by glacial meltwater carving a deep narrow valley in the local soluble limestone. The river then found a route underground leaving a dry valley with caverns underneath. Later on the caverns below Cave Dale collapsed making the valley even deeper and gorge-like at the northern end. The Castleton entrance to Cave Dale had a narrow natural arch as recently as 200 years ago, a relic of the roof collapse. The lower slopes of the dale have large amounts of scree, frost on the higher limestone cliffs having caused the rock to shatter.
A bridleway runs the entire length of the dale, part of the Limestone Way footpath which travels 80 kilometres from Castleton to Rocester in Staffordshire. Cave Dale is accessed through a narrow rocky opening almost from the centre of Castleton and Peveril Castle is seen high up on the almost vertical western slopes. The Normans chose this site because the steep sides of Cave Dale gave a natural defence and good lookout.
The chambers and caves of Peak Cavern run directly below Cave Dale and any small streams in the dale quickly disappear into the ground down limestone fissures and into the caverns beneath. Mineral veins can also be seen within the limestone of the dale. The cliffs at the northern end of Cave Dale are used by rock climbers and there are several routes in the Very Severe category. There are several small caves or old lead mines within the dale's limestone walls, with one being larger than the rest with bars preventing access.
At the southwestern extremity of the dale as it merges into the moorland between Castleton and Peak Forest are the remains of several old lead mines. The Hazard Mine was one of the major mines of the area. Over 5000 tonnes of lead ore were mined, and the main shaft goes down 700 feet. The Hollandtwine Mine lies 250 metres to the east. Drainage from both mines went directly into Peak Cavern.
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graphite, water-soluble graphite, water-soluble crayon, colourfix primer, and acrylic on fabriano paper
25.3 x 32.6 cm
Title Leonard Cohen
Text George Seferis
Medium- Water soluble transparent colour on paper,
Size- 56.5 cm x 56.5 cm ( excluding frame),
Art by Tamal Sen Sharma,
#artcollectors #artexhibition #artbuyers #art #artgallery #artgalleries #artgalleryonline #artistsonlinkedin #paintings #painting #paintingart #painter #gallery #galleryart #artforsale #fineart #finearts #abstractart #abstractartist #abstract #modernart #modernart #arte #galeriedart #dooars #sunset #sunsetofdooars
. . . so said William Gladstone, British Prime Minister in the 1800's, and so say I :-)
These journal pages are collaged and stenciled, then painted with acrylics and neocolor II water soluble crayons.
Cave Dale a dry limestone valley close to Castleton in the Peak District, Derbyshire.
The dale rises gently after leaving Castleton for approximately 200 metres before becoming steeper culminating in a fine viewpoint down the dale taking in Peveril Castle with Lose Hill behind. After the viewpoint the dale swings west and levels out with gentle gradients, becoming just a shallow depression as it peters out onto the open pastureland between Castleton and Chapel-en-le-Frith.
Cave Dale was initially formed by glacial meltwater carving a deep narrow valley in the local soluble limestone. The river then found a route underground leaving a dry valley with caverns underneath. Later on the caverns below Cave Dale collapsed making the valley even deeper and gorge-like at the northern end. The Castleton entrance to Cave Dale had a narrow natural arch as recently as 200 years ago, a relic of the roof collapse.
A bridleway runs the entire length of the dale, part of the Limestone Way footpath which travels 80 kilometres from Castleton to Rocester in Staffordshire. Cave Dale is accessed through a narrow rocky opening almost from the centre of Castleton and Peveril Castle is seen high up on the almost vertical western slopes. The Normans chose this site because the steep sides of Cave Dale gave a natural defence and good lookout.
The chambers and caves of Peak Cavern run directly below Cave Dale and any small streams in the dale quickly disappear into the ground down limestone fissures and into the caverns beneath. Mineral veins can also be seen within the limestone of the dale. The cliffs at the northern end of Cave Dale are used by rock climbers and there are several routes in the Very Severe category.
At the southwestern extremity of the dale as it merges into the moorland between Castleton and Peak Forest are the remains of several old lead mines. The Hazard Mine was one of the major mines of the area. Over 5000 tonnes of lead ore were mined, and the main shaft goes down 700 feet.
Information Source:
www.flickr.com/explore/2025/12/01
Reto Otoño/25.
El Nacedero del Urederra, en la Sierra de Urbasa (Navarra), es uno de esos lugares que parecen diseñados para la fotografía de paisaje: luz tamizada, contrastes suaves y una paleta de colores que, incluso sin edición, roza lo irreal.
El rasgo más icónico del Nacedero es el color azul turquesa intenso de sus pozas y cascadas. Esta tonalidad se debe a una combinación de factores: sedimentos carbonatados y partículas de caliza en suspensión, que reflejan selectivamente las longitudes de onda azuladas. Aguas extremadamente puras que actúan casi como un filtro óptico natural.
Fondos blanquecinos formados por depósitos de travertino, que potencian la luminosidad y saturación del color.
Poca profundidad en ciertos tramos, lo que permite que el turquesa se perciba aún más vibrante.
Para fotografía, esto significa que con luz suave —especialmente en días nublados— el color se intensifica, y se evita el exceso de brillos.
El valle está cubierto por un hayedo atlántico que, dependiendo de la época del año, aporta texturas, filtros de luz y atmósferas completamente distintas. En otoño, el contraste entre el oro y el cobre de las hojas con el turquesa del agua es una de las combinaciones cromáticas más fotogénicas de la península. La transparencia visual del bosque —sobre todo cuando la humedad es alta— permite captar capas en la fotografía: el arroyo, el musgo, la hojarasca y las laderas del valle, todo con un suave efecto atmosférico.
Imagen panorámica formada por dos tomas horizontales. Sony A7 IV, 16-35mm f/9, ISO 100
Sugarcane, or sugar cane, or simply cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, used for sugar production. The plant is two to six metres tall. It has stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sucrose, a simple sugar which accumulates in the stalk internodes. Sugarcane belongs to the grass family Poaceae, an economically important seed plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops. It is native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and South America. Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial grass that forms lateral shoots at the base to produce multiple stems, typically 3 to 4 m high and about 5 cm in diameter. The stems grow into cane stalk, which, when mature constitutes around 75% of the entire plant. A mature stalk is typically composed of 11–16% fiber, 12–16% soluble sugars, 2–3% non-sugars, and 63–73% water. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. The average yield of cane stalk is 60–70 tonnes per hectare per year. However, this figure can vary between 30 and 180 tonnes per hectare depending on knowledge and crop management approach used in sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane is a cash crop, but it is also used as livestock fodder. 22546
Canon EOS 6D - f/8 - 2.5sec - 100mm - ISO 200
- second choice for challenge Flickr group Macro Mondays, theme Staying Healthy.
- soft-gels
All modern soft-gel encapsulation uses variations of a process developed by R. P. Scherer in 1933. His innovation was to use a rotary die to produce the capsules, with the filling taking place by blow molding. This method reduced wastage, and was the first process to yield capsules with highly repeatable dosage.
Softgels can be an effective delivery system for oral drugs, especially poorly soluble drugs. This is because the fill can contain liquid ingredients that help increase solubility or permeability of the drug across the membranes in the body. Liquid ingredients are difficult to include in any other solid dosage form such as a tablet.
Looking SW towards Deer Isle - bright midday sun.
Toyo 45G Nikkor SW 150mm/5.6 Rollei IR 400 ASA film. Hoya 720nm filter - rated @5 stops. Developed in Ilfosol-3 1:3 @68F 5:00.
There are faint vertical streaks present on the negative which I suspect are due to the water-soluble anti-halation layer - pre-washing before developing will probably take care of this (Ilford also uses an anti-halation coating but does not recommend initial washing of the film, and I have not had a problem with their film.)
For those who may be interested, I believe that Rollei is the only manufacturer still making infrared film. The film base is very thin, making it prone to sag and slip out of the film holders in the Stearman processing tank. It is also very susceptible to scratches from handling.
This plant is a natural astringent, antiseptic, antibacterial, anti -inflammatory, antitoustics, antididium, antidiatico, antidochetic, detox, diuretic, expeater, hemolytic, laxative, mumcilaginoz and secretive. In folk medicine, this is a sought after and used plant for the treatment of lung diseases, by which it is named (Latin pulmonaria, which means lungs, as well as because of white dots on lung leaves that are reminiscent of the lungs).
The plant contains allantoin, resin, flavonoids - quercentrin, mucus, kemperol, silicate (soluble and insoluble), minerals - calcium, iron, calcium carbonate, tannin (7%), essential oil, vitamin C, etc.
Sunset
Sonnenuntergang
White Sands National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located in the state of New Mexico on the north side of Route 70 about 16 miles (26 km) southwest of Alamogordo in western Otero County and northeastern Doña Ana County. The monument is situated at an elevation of 4,235 feet (1,291 m) in the mountain-ringed Tularosa Basin and comprises the southern part of a 275 sq mi (710 km2) field of white sand dunes composed of gypsum crystals. The gypsum dune field is the largest of its kind on Earth.
Gypsum rarely occurs as sand because it is water-soluble. Normally, rain would dissolve the gypsum and carry it to the sea. The Tularosa Basin has no outlet to the sea, so it traps rain that dissolves gypsum from the surrounding San Andres and Sacramento Mountains. Thus water either sinks into the ground, or forms shallow pools that subsequently dry out and leave gypsum on the surface in a crystalline form called selenite. Groundwater that flows out of the Tularosa Basin flows south into the Hueco Basin. During the last ice age, a lake now called Lake Otero covered much of the basin. When it dried out, it left a large flat area of selenite crystals that is now the Alkali Flat. Another lake, Lake Lucero, at the southwest corner of the park, is a dry lake bed, at one of the lowest points of the basin, which occasionally fills with water.
The ground in the Alkali Flat and along Lake Lucero's shore is covered with selenite crystals that reach lengths of up to three feet (1 m). Weathering and erosion eventually break the crystals into sand-size grains that are carried away by the prevailing winds from the southwest, forming white dunes. The dunes constantly change shape and slowly move downwind. Since gypsum is water-soluble, the sand that composes the dunes may dissolve and cement together after rain, forming a layer of sand that is more solid and could affect wind resistance of dunes. This resistance does not prevent dunes from quickly covering the plants in their path. Some species of plants, however, can grow fast enough to avoid being buried by the dunes.
Various forms of dunes are found within the limits of White Sands. Dome dunes are found along the southwest margins of the field, transverse and barchan in the core of the field, and parabolic dunes occur in high numbers along the northern, southern, and northeastern margins. From the visitor center at the entrance of the park, the Dunes Drive leads 8 miles (13 km) into the dunes. Four marked trails allow one to explore the dunes by foot. During the summer, there are also Ranger-guided orientation and nature walks.
Unlike dunes made of quartz-based sand crystals, the gypsum does not readily convert the sun's energy into heat and thus can be walked upon safely with bare feet, even in the hottest summer months. In areas accessible by car, children frequently use the dunes for downhill sledding. Because the park lies completely within the White Sands Missile Range, both the park and U.S. Route 70 between Las Cruces, New Mexico and Alamogordo are subject to closure for safety reasons when tests are conducted on the missile range. On average, tests occur about twice a week, for a duration of one to two hours. Located on the northernmost boundaries of White Sands Missile Range, the Trinity Site can be found, where the first atom bomb was detonated.
(Wikipedia)
Das White Sands National Monument [waɪt ˌsændz -] (deutsch Weißer Sand) ist ein rund 25 km südwestlich von Alamogordo (New Mexico) gelegenes Naturschutzgebiet am nördlichen Ende der Chihuahua-Wüste. Es umfasst in einem weiten Tal – dem Tularosa-Becken – den südlichen Teil eines 712 km² großen Gipsfeldes, auf dem sich riesige Dünen gebildet haben.
Der Gips, aus dem die White Sands bestehen, lag auf dem Grund eines flachen Meeres, das diese Region vor 250 Millionen Jahren bedeckte. Schließlich wurde der Gips zu mit Meeresablagerungen angereichertem Stein, der vor rund 70 Millionen Jahren, als die Rocky Mountains sich formten, zu einer gigantischen Kuppel aufgeworfen wurde. Vor rund zehn Millionen Jahren begann die Mitte dieser Kuppel einzustürzen und bildete fortan das Tularosa Basin. Die verbliebenen Ränder der abgesackten Kuppelformation bilden heute die San Andres Mountains und Sacramento Mountains.
Der Gips (dihydriertes Kalziumsulfat) ist ein Mineral, das weit oben in den San Andres und Sacramento Mountains vorkommt. Durch die Hebung der Berge wurde er im Laufe der Zeit durch Schnee und Regen aus den Felsen gelöst. Anschließend gelangte er in das Tularosa Basin und wurde dort sukzessive als Sediment abgelagert. Dieses würde von Flüssen normalerweise in das Meer getragen werden, doch da es im Tularosa-Becken keinen Abfluss gibt, sind der Gips und andere gelöste Sedimente innerhalb des Tals gefangen. Nachdem das Wasser aus dem Sediment verdunstete, kristallisierte der Gips aus. Die Kristalle zerbrachen wiederum zu Körnern, die durch den Wind zu riesigen weißen, staubigen Dünen aufgetürmt wurden.
Einer der tiefsten Punkte des Tals ist ein großer ausgetrockneter See, der sich zeitweilig mit Wasser füllt: der Lake Lucero. Sobald dessen Wasser wieder verdunstet, sammelt sich gelöster Gips auf der Oberfläche.
Während der letzten Eiszeit gab es noch mehr Gipsablagerungen, da ein großer See – der Lake Otero – den größten Teil des Tals bedeckte. Er trocknete aus und hinterließ eine große Alkali-Ebene.
Während feuchter Wetterperioden, in denen das Wasser langsam verdunstet, lagert sich der Gips am Grund des trockenen Sees in kristalliner Form ab, bekannt als Selenit. Entlang der Küste des Lake Lucero und der Alkali-Ebene bedecken Selenitkristalle den Boden, manche bis zu einem Meter lang, und bilden Lagen. Die Kräfte der Natur, Kälte und Wärme sowie Feuchte und Trockenheit zerbrechen die Kristalle schließlich zu kleinen Sandpartikeln, die leicht genug sind, um vom Wind davongetragen zu werden.
Starke Winde blasen über den trockenen See, nehmen Gipspartikel auf und tragen sie mit sich. Wenn sich die Sandkörnchen zu Dünen aufhäufen, prallen sie gegen die sanftgeschwungene, windwärts gelegene Seite der Düne und produzieren kleine Wellen auf deren Oberfläche. Am steilen Kamm der Düne baut sich der Sand solange auf, bis ihn die Schwerkraft abrutschen lässt; dadurch bewegt sich die Düne vorwärts.
Ausgehend vom Besucherzentrum am Eingang des National Monuments führt der Dunes Drive zwölf Kilometer mitten in die Dünen hinein, von wo aus sie über vier markierte Wege zu Fuß erkundet werden können. Im Sommer werden von den Rangern zudem auch geführte Touren angeboten. Etwa ein- bis zweimal in der Woche wird der Park jedoch aus Sicherheitsgründen gesperrt, wenn in der dem Park umgebenden White Sands Missile Range (White-Sands-Raketenbasis) Raketentests durchgeführt werden.
Im Jahr 2008 wurde das National Monument in die Tentativliste zur Nominierung für das UNESCO-Welterbe aufgenommen.
(Wikipedia)
Dark streaks on red sandstone in the desert southwest are pretty common. The prevalent name for them is desert varnish. A Google search for this phenomenon reveals this:
"Desert varnish, the dark coating found on rocks in arid regions, is primarily formed by the interaction of water, microbes, and minerals over long periods of time. Water flowing over rocks allows microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi, to grow, and this, in turn, allows windblown clay dust to adhere. Microbes, particularly those that oxidize manganese, play a crucial role in transforming soluble manganese and iron into insoluble forms, which then cement the clay and other minerals to the rock surface, creating the varnish."
This image of the varnish comes from Canyon de Chelly National Monument in Arizona. For perspective, these streaks are around 200 feet long.
A park visitor stands in the exit tunnel of The Lewis and Clark Caverns in Montana. This 538 foot tunnel was the most significant accomplishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps during their time at Lewis and Clark Caverns during their 1935-41 stay. The exit tunnel allows visitors to exit the cavern without having to turn around and retrace the tedious route back through the cave. The cave entrance and other historic roads and facilities are part of the Lewis and Clark Caverns Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
Geologically the Lewis and Clark Caverns are located in a group of carbonate rocks called the Madison Limestone which is Mississippian in age. The caves formed at the base of one of the units of the Madison, the Mississippian Mission Canyon Limestone. There groundwater flow was perched above a less-soluble unit of the Madison called the Lodgepole Limestone. Because the beds were inclined, the CCC dug the exit tunnel in the Lodgepole Limestone straight back until it reached the caves in the Mission Canyon.
Any water-soluble witch who leaves buckets of the stuff sitting around her castle is asking for trouble.
--Nicolas Barber, The subversive messages hidden in The Wizard of Oz, BBC, 12 August 2019
Canon EOS 6D - f/7.1 - 1/125sec - 100mm - ISO 320
- second choice for challenge Flickr group Macro Mondays,
theme Remedy.
- soft-gels
All modern soft-gel encapsulation uses variations of a process developed by R. P. Scherer in 1933. His innovation was to use a rotary die to produce the capsules, with the filling taking place by blow molding. This method reduced wastage, and was the first process to yield capsules with highly repeatable dosage.
Softgels can be an effective delivery system for oral drugs, especially poorly soluble drugs. This is because the fill can contain liquid ingredients that help increase solubility or permeability of the drug across the membranes in the body. Liquid ingredients are difficult to include in any other solid dosage form such as a tablet.
Medium- Water soluble transparent colour on paper,
Size- 47.5 cm x 65.5 cm ( excluding frame),
Art by Tamal Sen Sharma,
#artcollectors #artexhibition #artbuyers #art #artgallery #artgalleries #artgalleryonline #artistsonlinkedin #paintings #painting #paintingart #painter #gallery #galleryart #artforsale #fineart #finearts #abstractart #abstractartist #abstract #modernart #modernart #arte #galeriedart #visionthird #thirdvision
Though great care was taken in developing the Lewis and Clark Cavern, development will impact any cave system. Here the boken ends on these stalagtites were caused by blasting the exit tunnel. Damage was minimal but any damage to these fragile cave formations is too much.
Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. Due to subterranean drainage, there may be very limited surface water, even to the absence of all rivers and lakes. Many karst regions display distinctive surface features, with sinkholes or dolines being the most common. However, distinctive karst surface features may be completely absent where the soluble rock is mantled, such as by glacial debris, or confined by a superimposed non-soluble rock strata. Some karst regions include thousands of caves, even though evidence of caves that are big enough for human exploration is not a required characteristic of karst
China
Medium- Water soluble transparent colour on paper,
Size- 47.5 cm x 65.5 cm ( excluding frame),
Art by Tamal Sen Sharma,
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Cave Dale a dry limestone valley close to Castleton in the Peak District, Derbyshire.
The dale rises gently after leaving Castleton for approximately 200 metres before becoming steeper culminating in a fine viewpoint down the dale taking in Peveril Castle with Lose Hill behind. After the viewpoint, the dale swings west and levels out with gentle gradients, becoming just a shallow depression as it peters out onto the open pastureland between Castleton and Chapel-en-le-Frith.
Cave Dale was initially formed by glacial meltwater carving a deep narrow valley in the local soluble limestone. The river then found a route underground leaving a dry valley with caverns underneath. Later on, the caverns below Cave Dale collapsed making the valley even deeper and gorge-like at the northern end. The Castleton entrance to Cave Dale had a narrow natural arch as recently as 200 years ago, a relic of the roof collapse. The lower slopes of the dale have large amounts of scree, frost on the higher limestone cliffs having caused the rock to shatter. Halfway up the valley is an outcrop of basaltic lava with a few small columns.
A bridleway runs the entire length of the dale, part of the Limestone Way footpath which travels 80 kilometres from Castleton to Rocester in Staffordshire. Cave Dale is accessed through a narrow rocky opening almost from the centre of Castleton and Peveril Castle is seen high up on the almost vertical western slopes. The Normans chose this site because the steep sides of Cave Dale gave a natural defence and good lookout.
The chambers and caves of Peak Cavern run directly below Cave Dale and any small streams in the dale quickly disappear into the ground down limestone fissures and into the caverns beneath. Mineral veins can also be seen within the limestone of the dale. The cliffs at the northern end of Cave Dale are used by rock climbers and there are several routes in the Very Severe category. There are several small caves or old lead mines within the dale's limestone walls, with one being larger than the rest with bars preventing access.
At the southwestern extremity of the dale as it merges into the moorland between Castleton and Peak Forest are the remains of several old lead mines. The Hazard Mine was one of the major mines of the area. Over 5000 tonnes of lead ore were mined, and the main shaft goes down 700 feet. The Hollandtwine Mine lies 250 metres to the east. Drainage from both mines went directly into Peak Cavern.
In 1983 Cave Dale was the scene of the murder of a 21-year-old Manchester Polytechnic student, Susan Renhard. Norman Smith, a local 17-year-old, was subsequently jailed for life at Nottingham Crown Court in 1984. Cave Dale features in the 1987 film The Princess Bride, and the 2008 film The Other Boleyn Girl.
Information Source:
© Dan McCabe
How can I improve this photo? All CONSTRUCTIVE criticism is welcome.
Yellowstone National Park is known for its flows of boiling hot water. Which is appropriate, given that it sits on top of a massive super-volcano.
One of the things you see in these boiling pools is water tainted by mineral impurities. In this case, I suspect the deep blue color comes from soluble copper minerals, rendering this lovely blue color.
Another thing you commonly see in Yellowstone is how the shores of the water have a crust of mineral deposits forming over them, letting you see the shadow of that crust in the water below.