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An Important Collection of Roman Gold Coins Part II
Constantius II Caesar, 324 – 337
Solidus, Siscia 334, 4.30 g. FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C Laureate and cuirassed bust r. Rev. PRINCIPI – IVVE – NTVTIS Prince, in military dress, standing l., holding vexillum in r. hand and sceptre in l.; in field r., two standards. In exergus, SIS. RIC 227 (this coin). C 165. Depeyrot 22/3. Biaggi 2161 (this coin). Traces of mounting, otherwise good very fine.
NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG, Auction 34, lot 213.
Gold solidus of Constantine I at the Met. They had a lot of coins, but the lighting was too poor for good detail shots.
Los visigodos empezaron a acuñar moneda, imitando los modelos romanos, cuando dejaron de ser un pueblo nómada y se establecieron en el sur de la Galia. El valor que más fabricaron fue el triente de oro, que equivalía a 1/3 del solidus romano. Finalmente, tras establecerse en Hispania, los monarcas visigodos fundaron un reino que perduró hasta la invasión islámica. A partir del reinado de Leovigildo, con el objetivo de hacer patente su autonomía, los visigodos inscribieron en las monedas en nombre del monarca y grabaron en ellas su busto con un estilo muy esquemático.
Typeface design by myself, this is some supporting media.
Download the typeface soon here > saouke.net63.net/solidus.html
The vast number of surviving Byzantine coins attests to the level of trade across the empire. Controlled and supervised by the emperor, the producers of coins took care to represent his authority and reflect his stature. Talented artists were recruited to engrave the dies (molds) used for the striking of coins. Emperors increasingly came to include their heirs and co-emperors on their coinage, as well as other family members or even earlier rulers. Coins were recognized, then as now, as small, portable works of art. With their inscriptions and images, Byzantine coins provide valuable documentation of historical events and a record of the physical appearance of the emperors. The coins shown here include the solidus, the basic gold coin of 24 karats; the tremissis, a gold coin of one-third the weight and value of the solidus; and the nomisma, which in the 10th century replaced the solidus as the standard gold coin.
Byzantium, Constantinople, late 7th-early 8th century
gold
Diameter: 2 cm (13/16 in.)
Gift of William Mathewson Milliken, in memory of his father Thomas Kennedy Milliken
The Postcard
A postcard bearing no publisher's name. The image is a glossy real photograph.
Note the ropes strung across the pool - the man in the right foreground (forewater?) is hanging on to one of them.
If you search for the tag 34SAS43 you'll see a version of the photograph with people drawn in at the lower level.
The card was posted in Southend-on-Sea using a 1d. stamp on Thursday the 22nd. July 1926. It was sent to:
Miss Porle,
25, Montpelier Road,
Sutton,
Surrey.
The pencilled message on the divided back of the card was as follows:
"13, Sycamore Grove,
Southend-on-Sea.
Dear Eve,
We are going to Freda's
for tea today.
We went to these baths
yesterday to watch a
swimming gala. It was
nice but the weather
was cold and wet.
Love to Dad & yourself.
Your loving Mum."
The Westcliff Pool
The Westcliff Sea Water Swimming Pool at Southend-on-Sea was opened in 1915, and for many years it was the most popular attraction along the Western Esplanade.
Although the pool is no more, it is well-known to a generation of current adults, as it was regularly used for school tournaments.
Originally sea water was piped directly from the sea into the pool, but by 1936 a new filtering and heating system was in operation.
In 1936, the Westcliff Pool was proudly promoted as follows:
"Corporation Sea Water Swimming Bath.
This magnificent swimming bath is 300 ft. x 75 ft.
Special floodlighting and midnight bathing
parties a popular feature.
Diving platforms, chutes, spring boards,
rafts, etc. etc.
Shower and warm plunge baths and every
convenience for both sexes.
240 separate dressing boxes for ladies and
gentlemen.
Area of water 21,000 square feet.
Facing due south is the sun terrace, 350 feet
long, replete with mattresses, rest chairs and
every comfort.
Refreshments always available at the Sun Kiosk
on the terrace.
The combined facilities for seawater and sun
bathing are second to none in the country.
Admission 6d., children 3d.
Bathing cap 2d., towel 1d., costume 1d.
Book of tickets (12) 5s., (6) 2s. 6d.
Season Tickets:
Adults 1 guinea,
Children 16s. 6d.
Family, 15s. each adult, 7s. 6d. each child".
Pre-Decimal Currency
The UK 'went decimal' on the 15th. February 1971. (1971 is often called the 'Year of the Con' because manufacturers and retailers used the changeover to increase their prices).
Pre-decimalisation money (L S D) was divided into pounds (£/L), shillings (s.) and pennies (d.).
'L S D' also stands for the hallucinogenic drug Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, but in this context it stands for the Latin words 'Libra', 'Solidus' and 'Denarius'. The coinage was as follows:
- 20 shillings (s.) in £1 (L)
- 12 pennies (d.) in 1 shilling (s.)
- 240 pennies in £1
- 480 halfpennies in £1
- 960 farthings in £1
The £ was represented by a printed note, and there was also a 10-shilling note.
A 'Guinea' (beloved of private medical consultants and solicitors) was 21 shillings - a way of extracting an additional 5% from the patient or client.
-- The British Pound and Inflation
The British pound has lost 94% its value since 1971, such that £100 in 1971 is equivalent in purchasing power to about £1,806 today. The pound has had an average inflation rate of 5.51% per year between 1971 and today.
This means that today's prices are 18 times as high as average prices since 1971, according to the Office for National Statistics. A pound today only buys 5.54% of what it could buy back then.
Closure of the Pool
The pool was closed to the bathing public in October 1969.
It was turned into a dolphinarium in 1970, but the project did not last long, and the site was sold to Brent Walker, who developed the area into the Westcliff Leisure Centre, and then the Westcliff Casino.
After a further renaming, the footprint of the pool is now (2018) occupied by Maxim's Casino.
The Pool's Outer Walls
The original outer walls of the pool survive to this day - these are curved walls built in a wave shape in order to break the power of incoming sea waves.
At their thickest these walls are approx. 26 feet deep at their base, with only half their height visible above ground - the other half is sunk in a continuing curve below the mud.
The Catenary Curve
If anyone's interested, if nothing is hanging on a rope strung between two points, it adopts the shape of a catenary curve.
The catenary curve has a U-like shape, superficially similar in appearance to a parabola, but it isn't a parabola.
The mathematical properties of the catenary curve were first studied by Robert Hooke in the 1670's, and its equation was derived by Leibniz, Huygens and Johann Bernoulli in 1691.
The Use of Catenary Arches
Inverted catenaries are used in architecture and engineering when designing bridges and arches, so that internal forces do not create stresses within the structure.
Catenary arches are also often used in the construction of kilns.
Sir Christopher Wren incorporated the catenary arch into the design of the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral.
Antoni Gaudi employed a series of catenary arches in 1906 to support the roof of Casa Milà, a modernist residential building in Barcelona. It is popularly known as La Pedrera or 'The Stone Quarry', because of its unconventional rough-hewn appearance.
The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, is a weighted catenary - its shape corresponds to the shape of a chain having lighter links in the middle.
Babe Ruth
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, on the 22nd. July 1926, in a publicity stunt for the Citizens' Military Training Camp, Babe Ruth caught a baseball dropped from an altitude of about 300 feet from a passing airplane at Mitchel Field on Long Island. It took him seven tries.
The Astoria Column
Also on that day, the Astoria Column was dedicated in Astoria, Oregon.
The Astoria Column is a tower in the northwest United States, overlooking the mouth of the Columbia River on Coxcomb Hill in Astoria, Oregon. The concrete and steel structure is part of a 30-acre (12 ha) city park.
The 125-foot (38 m)-tall column has a 164-step spiral staircase ascending to an observation deck at the top. The column was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
The spiral frieze on the exterior of the structure has a width of nearly seven feet (2.1 m) and a length of 525 feet (160 m).
Projected by Electus D. Litchfield and painted by Attilio Pusterla, the mural shows 14 significant events in the early history of Oregon, as well as 18 scenes from the history of the region, including Captain Gray's discovery of the Columbia River in 1792, and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
The frieze starts with pristine forest and concludes with the arrival of the railway in Astoria.
Willard Louis
The 22nd. July 1926 also marked the death at the age of 44 of the American stage and film actor of the silent era Willard Louis.
Willard Louis, who was born in San Francisco on the 19th. April 1882, appeared in more than 80 films between 1911 and 1926.
Louis had an art studio before he became an actor at the age of 20. He acted on stage for four years before moving into films.
In addition to his work in dramatic films, Louis performed in comedic roles. In 1926, he signed a five-year contract with Warner Bros., with some of the proposed films having him co-starring with Louise Fazenda.
However before these films could come to fruition Louis died of typhoid fever and pneumonia in Glendale, California.
Gratian Solidus from the Lugdunum (Lyon) Mint
Figure 3 - Specimen from Münzkabinett, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, © Dresen
Image courtesy of Philippe de Henaut
Typeface design by myself, this is some supporting media.
Download the typeface soon here > saouke.net63.net/solidus.html
Byzantine Gold Coins The vast number of surviving Byzantine coins attests to the level of trade across the empire. Controlled and supervised by the emperor, the producers of coins took care to represent his authority and reflect his stature. Talented artists were recruited to engrave the dies (molds) used for the striking of coins. Emperors increasingly came to include their heirs and co-emperors on their coinage, as well as other family members or even earlier rulers. Coins were recognized, then as now, as small, portable works of art. With their inscriptions and images, Byzantine coins provide valuable documentation of historical events and a record of the physical appearance of the emperors. The coins shown here include the solidus, the basic gold coin of 24 karats; the tremissis, a gold coin of one-third the weight and value of the solidus; and the nomisma, which in the 10th century replaced the solidus as the standard gold coin.
Byzantium
gold
Diameter: 2.9 cm (1 1/8 in.)
The Norweb Collection
on the advice of the framebuilders list I tried some fillets with low fuming bronze. It took a few tries to get a decent looking one, I think this one looks pretty good. though. LFB sets up smoother but my the same token the solidus-liquidus transition is much tighter and it wants to glop all over the place under the influence of gravity. Stick with #4 tip (like a Victor 0), first pass goes downhill with a 1/16" rod to get the internal wetting, then for the fillet adjust to a bigger flame held further away, and build uphill, in quarters, ear-to-crotch, with a 3/32" rod.
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Delmatius, 335 – 337
Solidus, Constantinopolis 336–337, AV 4.54 g. FL DELMATIVS NOB CAES Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust r. Rev. PRINCIPI – IV – VE – NTVTIS Delmatius standing l., in military attire, holding vexillum in r. hand and sceptre in l.; in r. field, two standards. In exergue, CONS. C 15 var. (in exergue, TSE). RIC 113. Alföldi 406. Depeyrot 7/10. Extremely rare. Several scratches and nicks, otherwise very fine.
Provenance:
- Colonel R.H. Morcom, Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, 2-3 December 1924, lot 258.
- NAC sale 33, 2006, 601 sales.
NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG, Auction 52, lot 614.
THE LATE ROMAN COLLECTION
Constant Auguste 337-350.
Solidus 337-340, Trèves. FL IVL CONSTANS AVG Buste lauré, drapé et cuirassé de Constant à droite / SECVRITAS - REI PVBLICAE La Sécurité debout de face, s'appuyant du coude gauche sur une colonne et levant la main droite au-dessus de sa tête; à l'exergue, TR. 4,28g. C. 105; RIC VIII 140, 3. Petites marques sur le bord. Très bel exemplaire.
Provenance:
- Rodolfo Ratto sale, 7 June 1926 (Pompeo Bonazzi), 2473.
- Vente Monnaies et Médailles SA XI (1953), 168.
- Collection Biaggi 2111.
Photo courtesy of Numismatica Genevensis SA. www.ngsa.ch
Numismatica Genevensis 8, 2014, lot 150.
Los visigodos empezaron a acuñar moneda, imitando los modelos romanos, cuando dejaron de ser un pueblo nómada y se establecieron en el sur de la Galia. El valor que más fabricaron fue el triente de oro, que equivalía a 1/3 del solidus romano. Finalmente, tras establecerse en Hispania, los monarcas visigodos fundaron un reino que perduró hasta la invasión islámica. A partir del reinado de Leovigildo, con el objetivo de hacer patente su autonomía, los visigodos inscribieron en las monedas en nombre del monarca y grabaron en ellas su busto con un estilo muy esquemático.
The image above shows a representative output from the simulation. The localized carbon dioxide flux transported in melt channels is shown in panel (a). Volatile-induced channeling is most effective around 80-50 km depth. The phase diagram in panel (b) shows the solidus and liquidus temperatures on top of the three-component space used to model the carbonated mantle. The three components are (i) dunite, the olivine-rich residue of mantle melting, (ii) mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), the product of carbon-free mantle melting, and (iii) carbonated (cMORB), the product of carbon-rich mantle melting, containing 20% CO2. Any rock or melt composition is modeled as a mixture of these three.
This is a tapeworm I found inside a stickleback.
It is called Schistocephalus solidus, and it is common in fish and fish eating birds.
7ft x 7ft
tape and mixed media on newsprint
Photo Credit goes to "Ring of Fire Hot Sauce" www.flickr.com/photos/ringoffirehotsauce/4794724194/
Constantine III AV Solidus. Lugdunum, AD 409-411. D N CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust to right / VICTORIAA AVGGG, Emperor standing to right, holding labarum and Victory on globe, treading on captive to right; L-D across fields, COMOB in exergue. RIC X 1512; Depeyrot 22/2. 4.47g, 22mm, 12h. Extremely Fine.
Provenance:
- From the David Miller Collection.
- Beaussant-Lefèvre - Thierry Parsy, 2 July 2015, lot 20.
- Guy Vermot Collection, acquired c.1976-1982.
Photo courtesy of Roma Numismatics Limited. www.RomaNumismatics.com
Roma Numismatics sale XXIII, 2022, lot 713.