Old City, Philadelphia
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A regatta is a term commonly used in the world of sailing to refer to a competitive event where boats, typically sailboats, race against each other. Regattas can vary widely in scale and format, from small local races to large international competitions. Here are some key points to note about regattas:
Racing Format: Regattas feature organized racing events with specific rules and courses. The format can include different types of races, such as fleet races (where multiple boats race against each other), match races (one-on-one competition), or distance races (longer courses that test endurance).
Classes and Categories: Boats participating in a regatta are often grouped into classes or categories based on factors like size, design, and performance. This ensures fair competition and allows sailors with similar boats to compete against each other.
Competitors: Regattas attract a diverse range of participants, from amateur sailors and local yacht club members to professional racers and international teams. The level of competition can vary, with some regattas focused on fostering community participation, while others are highly competitive.
Events and Festivities: Regattas often extend beyond the races themselves. Many regattas incorporate social events, parties, and gatherings, fostering a sense of camaraderie among sailors and providing opportunities for networking and socializing.
Local and International: Regattas can be local, regional, or international in scope. Some famous international regattas, like the America's Cup or the Volvo Ocean Race, draw global attention and feature top-level professional sailors and cutting-edge technology.
Traditions: Regattas often have their own unique traditions and rituals, which can vary by location and the history of the event. These traditions can include ceremonial flag-raising, prize-giving ceremonies, and more.
Spectator Sport: Many regattas are open to spectators, allowing them to watch the races from the shore or designated viewing areas. Some regattas, like Cowes Week, are famous for their onshore festivities, making them attractive not only to sailors but also to spectators.
Safety and Rules: Regattas prioritize safety, with strict rules and regulations in place to ensure the well-being of participants. Organizers also monitor weather conditions closely to determine whether races should proceed.
Diverse Types: Regattas can focus on various types of sailboats, including dinghies, keelboats, multihulls, and more. They can also be specific to certain age groups or skill levels, making the sport accessible to a wide range of participants.
A regatta is a thrilling and organized sailing competition that brings together sailors of all levels and backgrounds to race their boats while fostering a sense of community and celebrating the sport of sailing. Whether you're a seasoned sailor or a spectator, regattas offer an exciting and enjoyable experience on the water.
Taken today, the last day of 2020. Not sorry to say goodbye to this year, but at the same time so grateful for the many who have worked tirelessly to look after the sick and develop vaccines; for those who have delivered food, worked in shops and all other essential services.
We are so grateful too that we have been well throughout the year, together with our family and friends. A year when our extended family said hello to two new babies, one of whom we have been lucky enough to meet.
Lastly, a big thank you to all our friends on Flickr, your photos, comments and camaraderie have been especially enjoyed this year when "face to face” social events have been mostly out of the question.
Let’s enter 2021 with hope in our hearts... Happy New Year!
Social events here in Second Life are made for satin, and if you are planning to make an appearance, get yourself this stunning [COSMOS] Quimey Bodycon Satin Dress. It is the perfect number for just about any occasion.
This [COSMOS] Quimey Bodycon Dress Satin comes with a 20 Color Fatpack
It fits Maitreya Lara X, Legacy, Legacy Pinup X Bombshell, Inithium Kupra, eBODY Reborn, and eBODY Reborn Waifu mesh bodies.
You will discover the beauty of this dress at the June SWANK Events "A Celebration of Color" Venue.
TAXI to SWANK EVENT:
Welcome to Corsica South Coasters – Are you a New Resident in Second Life?
Just starting out? We’ve got you covered!
At Corsica South Coasters (CSC), you’ll find free temporary housing for up to 3 months, friendly mentors, and fun social events to help you feel at home.
Whether you need a place to stay, some helpful tips, or just friendly faces to chat with, we’re here for you!
🏡 Free housing for your first 3 months – Settle in and make yourself comfortable. _ Interview process
Helpful mentors – Friendly residents ready to answer your questions
🎉 Social events & activities – Meet new friends and explore Second Life together!
Come join us and start your adventure in a welcoming, supportive community!
We can’t wait to meet you! 💙
Owl Dragonash
Ceakay Ballyhoo
LizzY Swordthain
Opening Night of Virtual Worlds Best Practices in Education the organizers offered a Jimmy Buffet Concert complete with a live tribute band.
Tonight, March 12, 2016 there will be another concert featuring David Bowie. Please do join us!
The calendar will give you the time based on SLT and location; vwbpe.org/program/vwbpe-calendar
SLURL: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/VWBPE%20South%203/117/67/24
In Paris, it appears many people buy just enough food for the day, and the daily walk or bike ride to a market is as much a social event as a shopping trip. I loved watching the interaction between the workers and patrons — exchanging small talk and well wishes. For my wife and I, the civility and kindness we experienced in Paris is something we’ll never forget, and a reason we will return again.
Paris, France
2023
© James Rice, All Rights Reserved
- Corria tanto por el trabajo que nunca pense si era joven o no....no tenia tiempo para eso... corria de un civil a otro,de la casa de la modista donde hacia los retratos de Novia a la Iglesia, de la iglesia al salon del hotel, antes que lleguen los novios y documentar salon ,mesas y decoracion...y a la espera de la recepcion de los novios y que no falten padrinos ni hermanos de ambas partes..registros de mesa ,baile del VALS , luego musica disco y casi al final CARNAVAL CARIOCA ..hasta que aparecia la pata de cordero en llamas y glaseada ...salia de los hoteles con el amanecer del sol de un nuevo dia Ufffff .-asi de una fiesta a otra siempre.....en la semana entraba como tromba a CASA DEL FOTOGRAFO ( decian ahi llego el loco a mil..jajajaja) ...compraba todo lo que necesitaba, luego corriendo a CASA KINEFOT ..cajas de 50 rollos fuyi de 36 ,,jajaa de ahi al encuadernador para a llevar y traer albumes y APURARME para ..estar a las 16 hs en EL ESTUDIO atendiendo clientes....hasta las 21 hs....cerrado el ESTUDIO seguia mi trabajo,levantando pedidos de fotos, compaginando y numerando las fotos de los albumes hasta las 3 o 4 de la madrugada....y eso que tenia secretarias que me atendian el estudio mañana y tarde...pero YO TENIA QUE ESTAR AHI...mi terapia por ratos era mirar mi acuario de peces tropicales en mi estudio y cada 15 dias cambiar parte de los 150 litros de agua del acuario...que traia en bidones de 25 litros a mano por las escaleras del subsuelo.... a eso de las 3 o 4 de la madrugada y jamas ..jamas me sentia cansado...solo me tomaba los dias lunes que era mi feriado...saliendo a pescar en mi embarcacion hasta la noche o regresar martes a la mañana....para llegar a horario..al ESTUDIO - .ASI CORRIENDO SIEMPRE SE ME PASO LA VIDA VOLANDO.....mientras corria en esos años ....NO SABIA QUE ERA JOVEN.!!!
Imagens do Social Media Week / São Paulo - 08/fev/2011
Evento: MemeFactory Show – What We Know So Far
Mike Rugnetta, Patrick Davison e Stephen Bruckert fazem parte da MemeFactory, um espetáculo criado pela What We Know So Far, que estuda os memes e faz apresentações em formato de pocket shows mundo afora, e que preparou uma apresentação especial para fazer no SMW/SP, com show exclusivo sobre memes, virais, mídias sociais e como eles interpretam esses fenômenos todos.
Another silly slideshow featuring photos taken in the lobby of another hotel at another social event.
My getup consisted of borrowed shoes, dress, hair, and prop furniture. I guess this might be called the "fake" Nora.
Others seemed to like the look.
I'll never model this outfit again but am curious - What do you think?
See: youtu.be/relLNv6KmAI
Enjoy!
Nora
P. S. Yes, a very similar photo was already posted. This one is to make viewers aware of the slideshow.
Imagens do Social Media Week / São Paulo - 08/fev/2011
Evento: Um olho no globo, outro na twittada
Se o digital trouxe uma onda de globalização para empresas e pessoas, qual a visão de quem acompanha esse contexto globalmente? B. Bonin Bough, Diretor Global da Área Digital e de Mídias Sociais da Pepsico vai nos trazer seu olhar sobre o que está acontecendo mundo afora, e sobre as diversas experiências puxadas pelas marcas da Pepsico, num papo guiado por Carolina Terra (Agência Ideal).
Today I attended my first cyclocross race as a spectator. Social events have been difficult for me due to my anxiety so I'm quite thrilled that I finally got out to something. I took many photos of the cyclists. This particular one stood out the most to me.
All of my photos are Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. You're welcome to download full size & do what you wish with them non-commercially as long as you attribute me as the creator. ie. "title Billy Wilson (thebillywilson.com)" You can also make prints of my photos, but please consider a donation or a pledge. For commercial purposes please contact me through my website linking the photo(s) you're interested in.
Find me Elsewhere: Google+ / Twitter / Facebook / Website & Blog
PLEASE, NO invitations, graphics or self promotions, THEY WILL BE DELETED. My photos are FREE to use, just give me credit and it would be nice if you let me know, thanks.
This is the library located off of the ballroom. Men congregated here during social events.
Imagens do Social Media Week / São Paulo - 10/fev/2011
Evento: Bia Granja Entrevista – Desvendando @s
@BiaGranja (+12k followers), uma das personalidades mais influentes das mídias sociais segundo o iG, terá o desafio de entrevistar/conversar alguns dos @s mais conhecidos do Brasil como @MussumAlive (+99k followers), @NairBello (+76k followers) e a @HebeCamargo (+34k followers) e entender o que essas “personalidades” pensam das mídias sociais, do poder de influência, dos fakes, etc. Se você está esperando descobrir quem está por trás destes @s famosos, terá uma surpresa.
20th biennial Finnish-American Festival, Naselle, Washington.
July 2022
Below are entries chock-full of information having to do with each of the plates shown above.
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Left: "Compliments of FORSMAN & COMPANY, Naselle"
This would be a useful plate to have around now, 102 years after it was made, because I've never had a good grip on the year the Great War (WWI) ended. The plate would reinforce the year the war began and ended. Or would it?
The prominence of the date 1920 might confuse matters further. However, with the war having ended in November, 1919, it makes sense that 1920 was when commemorative objects such as plates were produced.
While the passage of years appears to have erased all traces of Deep River's Forsman & Company, history has not forgotten the community of Deep River, not even a little bit!
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Many Finnish immigrants settled in Deep River and the surrounding areas of Washington. There were striking similarities between life in Finland and life in this area, including an economic life that depended largely on timber and salmon, both of which were plentiful in the Deep River area. The Pacific Northwest was an ideal destination for Finnish immigrants. There was free land that was covered with timber for them to claim.
Seasonal work opportunities were available all year. There was salmon fishing in the spring and summer. Work was available at logging camps the rest of the year.
The daughter of a Finnish immigrant described the early settlement of Deep River:
When asked how the area was settled, an elderly, buxom woman replied, "First the Finns came to fish. Then when Olsons opened the logging camp, they went to Sweden and brought back men to work in the woods. The Swedes married the Finn girls. Later a few Irishmen and Poles drifted in." (Appelo, 1986, p. 110)
This woman also related that her protective Finnish father had built the family’s house in the center of their property to prevent his daughters from seeing and associating with the railroad workers. In spite of his precautions, she waved at one of the railroad brakemen, a handsome Swede. She noted that this Swedish railroad worker later became her husband.
Carlton Appelo (1978, p. 12) listed the names of some of the early Finnish settlers in the Deep River area who arrived before Washington became a state in 1889: Erik Hanson; Henrik Denson (Deep River Cemetery land donor); Isak Herajarvi; Johan Pakanen; Antti Jakob Kantola (Kandoll); Henrik Harrison (Pirila); Mikael Homstrom; Lars Loukkanen (father of August and Chas. Larson); Johan Lueeni; Johan S. Nelson (Ahola); Antti Pirila (father of Albert and Gust Pirila); Johan Erik Rull; Johan Vilmi; Erik Johnson; Karl Forsman; Erik Melin; Antti Rippa (Andrew Rinell); Simon Keko (father of Ed Simmons); Johan Parpala; Johan Salmi (Santalahti); Johan Lamppa (Johnson); Matt, Fredricka, Matti, Joseph, Rosa, and Kalle (Charles) Riippa; Matt Hakala; Matti Harpet (Haapakangas); John Haapakangas; Antti Penttila; Gust Gustafson; Peter Maata; John Ehrlund Rantala; Erik Maunula; Andrew and August Eskola; Antti Johnson (Salmi); John Laakso; Matt Puskala; Abraham Wirkkala; Matt Mathison; and John Warra (Autiovarra).
The prevalence of Finnish immigrants in the Deep River area is evidenced by the many Finnish names that are listed in a cemetery transcription that was recorded for the Deep River Cemetery, and listed on a website that is maintained by the Genealogical Society of Finland. Many Scandinavian names are also found at a Wahkiakum County cemetery transcription site maintained by the "RootsWeb" genealogy organization that lists the names of persons buried in several cemeteries in the county.
The Early Deep River Community
The two major early industries of the Washington territory, particularly in Deep River, were the timber and salmon-fishing industries.
The Timber Industry.
An article in a special section of the Ilwaco, Washington Tribune in 1970 celebrated 100 years of logging at Deep River. The author, Larry Maxim, described the life of the men who worked in the timber industry and felled the gigantic trees as men who were "giants with muscles of laced steel cable and the stamina of an Olympic athlete." The men worked hard for extended periods of time and lived at the logging camps, which usually consisted of a bull barn, a cook shack, and a bunkhouse.
The bunkhouse was crude, just enough to keep out the rain. The bunks were just as crude, a few rough boards spread with straw. The logger had to do his own laundry. His laundry machine–each logger had one–was a five-gallon kerosene can in which he boiled his socks and underwear and sometimes took a sponge bath. (Maxim, 1970)
II. THE LASTING LEGACY OF THE DEEP RIVER FINNS
by Sandra Johnson Witt *
References
I. C. Arthur Appelö and Carlton Appelo: The contributions of two Swedish-Finns to Deep River, Washington and America
An important center of activity at the logging camps was the recreation hall, which the logging companies provided for their workers. The loggers and their families often gathered for dances that lasted until the early morning hours. Children came along too, and slept on mattresses that their parents brought.
Jessie Hindman, an Astorian Budget columnist, wrote an article about the history of the Deep River Timber Company in 1956.
This company owned 4,000 acres of land located above Deep River, one of the shortest and deepest rivers in the world. The logging area contained some of the best timber in the country, including top-grade fir, spruce, hemlock, and cedar.
She described how the local people and logging workers, mostly Finns and Swedes who had begun their lives here as fishermen, became the pioneers of the logging industry in this area. These early families lived together in close association with each other.
The early families along Deep River lived together in such a closely knit life that it was almost as if they had been hurled back into some clannish age. Travel was done entirely by boat as there were no roads except private ones. Towns just 50 miles away were spoken of as "The Outside." Yet, when talking to the older inhabitants of the valley, one is immediately impressed with the full realization that theirs was a happy, satisfying life. (Appelo, 1986, p. 103)
Early home life among the settlers in Deep River was simple. Kerosene lamps provided light and wood stoves provided heat. Most of the houses were made from rough unpainted boards. The women made the clothes and quilts for their families, which they washed by hand. They also planted the gardens and flower beds in addition to planning the recreational activities for their families, which included dances, picnics, boat rides, water carnivals, and playing cards. Playing cards was especially popular during the winter months when steady rainfall forced the families to stay inside. At times, the men would animate their poker games with the hard liquor or beer that they had purchased in Astoria.
Salmon Fishing.
The other major early industry in Deep River was fishing. Astoria had become a major salmon-fishing area by 1870. Because of its location on the Columbia River near the Pacific Ocean, riverboats provided access to the transcontinental railroad. Astoria’s facilities had access to the Pacific Ocean on the west.
Their experiences in Finland made many of the Finnish immigrants ideally suited for successful careers in the salmon-fishing industry.
The Columbia River Fishermen’s Protective Union was incorporated in 1884 and is one of the oldest conservation unions on the West Coast.
In 2003, an article in the Columbia River Gillnetter, the union’s official publication, outlined its early history. "The Story of Two Hundred Fishermen" describes how a group of fishermen successfully established the Union Fishermen’s Cooperative Packing Company in 1896 during troubled economic times, when the salmon industry’s future was uncertain because of some unethical practices that had taken place for 30 years.
The founders, many of whom were from Finland, risked their savings and worked hard to establish this company. They were convinced that their efforts to offer the consumers superior canned salmon would succeed. The cooperative was incorporated by Sofus Jensen, Anton Christ, Ole B. Olsen, J. W. Angberg, and Matt Raistakka:
With their savings for capital, our founders entered into the highly competitive and well-financed salmon packing industry of the Columbia…
Building of the net racks, except for pile driving, was done without charge by stockholders. They received $1.50 a day working on the cannery. They were eager and capable craftsmen. Many had been brought up in Scandinavia and Finland where they had learned trades under masters.
All were imbued with the cooperative movement then taking root in Western Europe. They had acquired a practical understanding of what it means to run a cooperative business successfully. (p. 19)
Community Life, Schools, and Churches.
Many of the immigrants’ children did not learn English until they attended school. The early rural schools in the area were small. The elementary schools were usually one-room buildings that served as many as 80 pupils. It was common for one female teacher to be responsible for teaching the children in all eight grades. Teachers were generally brought into the area from the "Outside," but often married the local farmers, loggers, or fisherman and stayed in Deep River to raise their families.
Church activities were an integral part of community life. The Finnish settlers of Deep River, Naselle, and Salmon Creek organized into a congregation in 1894 as the Finnish Holy Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church. They shared a pastor with the Astoria Finnish Church. The Deep River Holy Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church was built in 1898 near the Deep River Cemetery. The church was the first organized Evangelical Lutheran Church in the area and has been officially proclaimed a National Historical Site.
Women were deeply involved in community life. In 1906, the female members of Naselle Church formed the Nasellin Ompelu Seura (Naselle Sewing Circle), which functioned for 71 years to support missions and hospitals, with an emphasis on salvation and benevolence.
Athletic Activities and Music.
Finnish immigrants knew how to work hard, but they also knew how to play hard. They actively participated in all aspects of Deep River community life, including athletic activities. Baseball was especially popular. Most of the members of the official Deep River team, the "Coyotes," were Finnish loggers and fishermen. The team had a very successful pitcher, Arvo Davis, and catcher, Arthur Anderson.
Athletic activities, including footraces and baseball, were often held on the boardwalk road from the Deep River landing to Pentti’s Pool Hall. When the weather was good, Fred Pentti was often observed sitting on a bench in front of the pool hall to view the athletic events.
The Swedes used to sit on the railing on one side and the Finns on the other–hurling insults at one another. When things got too rough, Pentti would wind up his phonograph and play some nice accordion music. Even the kids were allowed to come down and listen to the music. (Appelo, 1997, p.1)
The Finns have always enjoyed music. Many of the Finnish settlers were accomplished musicians. Axel Larson, a well-known fiddler from the Olson’s Logging Camp, played for hundreds of dances with his wife Matilda, who played the piano, and his brother Ernest on the accordion. Charles Hertzen, a talented violinist, and Fred George, who played the guitar, later joined their band. Axel liked to relate their experience of leaving the logging camp by pump cars (also known as hand speeders, operated on railroad tracks) with their musical instruments, and pumping their way four miles to Deep River:
They transferred to row boats and rowed two miles to Svenson’s Landing, then walked nearly six miles by road (carrying their dress shoes in the pocket of their coats) wearing boots. Arriving at Meserve’s store they climbed the stairs to the large hall on the second floor to play for a local crowd plus the ten dancers they brought with them. This lasted until 3 a.m. and they retraced their route only to find that the railroad rails had become frosted. The hand speeders had to be pushed rather than pumped over the slippery areas. They arrived back at Olson’s camp in time to hear the breakfast bell at the cook house. Some of the men had to go to work for a full day in falling timber. (Appelo, 1978, p. 41)
Axel Larson, long-time employee of Deep River Logging Company, playing his fiddle as he did for countless local dances in southwest Washington.
World War I.
Twenty five years after the Washington territory became a state, the young Finnish immigrant men were asked to defend their new country in World War I. Carlton Appelo (1978) cites an article from the June 1917 edition of the Deep River newspaper:
A party of well known young men residing in Deep River were en route to Cathlamet to take physical exams for the selective service under which they were recently called to colors.
363 Arthur C. Appelo
368 Henry J. Johnson
373 Henry W. Lassila
379 Jacob W. Matta
383 Charles L. Eskola
388 Charles Koski
390 Arvo Davis
All seven are fine specimens of physical manhood and will no doubt pass the required examinations enabling them to enter the military service with the national army which is to be mobilized in the near future. (p. 78)
Accomplishments of Early Finnish Immigrants.
Many of the children of the Finnish immigrants were able to move into professional careers through hard work and steadfast personal dedication to education. At times they pursued adult education programs at night while they worked during the day to make a living for themselves and their families.
In a brief history of Finnish settlements along the Columbia River that Carlton Appelo prepared for the 1999 FinnFest USA, he listed the accomplishments of several Finnish immigrants to the Deep River area, B. S. Sjoborg, Erikki Maunula, and Oscar Wirkkala. B. S. Sjoborg (1841-1923) immigrated from Kristinestad. He was the cannery foreman at Astoria in 1875. After changing his name to Seaborg, he founded the Aberdeen Packing Company at Ilwaco and Aberdeen. He was Washington’s first senator when it became a state in 1889.
Erikki Maunula–who invented numerous devices that were used in the salmon-canning industry–donated land for the Deep River Holy Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church. The church has been designated a National Historical Site.
Oscar Wirkkala (1881-1959) was an extremely successful inventor of items used in the logging industry. He held more than 20 patents, including the Wirkkala choker hook, the Wirkkala propeller, and the widely-used skyline logging system.
In addition to the considerable professional accomplishments of many of the Finnish immigrants, certain aspects of the Finnish culture that the immigrants brought with them contributed to the culture of Deep River and the surrounding area. In addition to the immigrants’ willingness to work hard to improve the future lives of their families, there was a pervasive sense of community and mutual respect among the Finnish immigrants. This sense of community could be observed in all types of activities, including those related to the area schools, churches, athletics, and social events.
Many immigrant Finns became prominent entrepreneurs in business in industry as well as professional fields, but it was the rural Finnish immigrant who created a sense of community. Neighbors came to the rescue when misfortune hit, and food was shared at school gatherings or social events.
Attendance at Cottage Church Services was done without worrying about denominational sponsors. It is that same familial spirit uniting entire communities that survives today. We care about each other. (Appelo, 1999, p. 1)
The Finnish immigrants supported each other through difficult times. In 1918, when Fred Pentti–an immigrant from Kannus, Finland–was severely injured while working as a brakeman on the logging train, Deep River residents and businesses readily assisted him. The logging camp workers donated $5 each to him, the Deep River Land and Wharf Company donated a piece of land to him, the Olson brothers gave him lumber from their mill, and the community joined together to build a pool hall for Fred.
His business became the focal point for all types of sport including his favorite, baseball. It was the social club for many young men of the area…It was commonly called "Pentti’s College" (pronounced collitch). No one would say that moonshine didn’t change hands out front during those days of prohibition. When 3.2 beer became legal, it was Pentti’s tavern. (Appelo, 1978, p. 41)
In order to successfully farm the land, much of which was wetland, the settlers had to install dikes and extensive drainage systems. Because of the primitive roads that were generally limited to use in the summer, almost all travel was by water.
The riverboat "General Washington" made daily round trips to nearby Astoria–the source of supplies, mail, and medical services to Deep River–and provided the residents with transportation to and contact with the outside world.
This riverboat was built in 1909 by the North Shore Transportation Company. It served Deep River, Knappton, and Frankfort until the early 1930s, when the newly built area highway became more competitive for passenger and freight travel.
The General Washington steamship approaching Deep River Landing, circa 1915
II. THE LASTING LEGACY OF THE DEEP RIVER FINNS
by Sandra Johnson Witt *
The labor of immigrants was essential in order to build the infrastructure of North America. The immigrants cut timber and cleared land to build their homes and farms. Because there were no roads (only rivers) in the early Deep River area, travel was usually by foot or boat. The immigrants (and their horses) worked hard to build the roads in their new country.
Immigrant road builders
Ironically, the advent of the better roads that the Deep River citizens had worked so hard to construct resulted in a decline in the town. Construction of the bridge one mile downstream from the Deep River landing diverted traffic away from the main part of town. The railroad that had provided economic resources and brought people to the town was doomed by the use of trucks to transport lumber.
Although the improved roads relieved the isolation of the area, they brought an end to the riverboat era. Trucks replaced the boats as the main means of transporting various types of cargo to and from the community. The Deep River Timber Company ceased operating in 1956.
The elementary school was consolidated with other schools.
The movie house and Pentti’s Tavern closed. The Shamrock Hotel had depended on the loggers as boarders, and was forced to close.
Only local residences, the post office, and Appelo’s General Merchandise and Insurance Agency remained in Deep River.
sydaby.eget.net/emig/deep_river.htm
RIGHT: CHARLES A. NIEMI (ca. 1884-1961)
1930 Federal Census
Birth Year: abt 1894
Gender: Male
Race: White
Age in 1930: 36
Birthplace: Washington
Marital Status: Married
Relation to Head of House: Head
Home in 1930: Naselle, Pacific, Washington, USA
Home Owned or Rented: Owned
Home Value: 3000
Radio Set: Yes
Lives on Farm: No
Age at First Marriage: 26
Attended School: No
Able to Read and Write: Yes
Father's Birthplace: Finland
Mother's Birthplace: Finland
Able to Speak English: Yes
Occupation: Retail Merchant
Industry: General Merchandise
Class of Worker: Employer
Veteran: Yes
War: WW
Household Members Age Relationship
Charles A Niemi 36 Head
Esther E Niemi 35 Wife
C Albert Niemi 9 Son
Henry W Niemi 7 Son
Hilda M Nasi 27 Servant
31 August 1917: Charles A. Neimi was accepted by the local draft board, presumably in connection with military service in WWI.
The Spokesman-Review, Spokane, p. 6.
26 April 1928: Niemi sues the state road contractor for $5,031.44 for materials and merchandise furnished in connection with the contractor's work in Wahkiakum and Pacific Counties in Washington.
The Olympian, Olympia, Washington, p. 14.
A restored half stereo negative (16 x 9 crop) of "Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman and Staff at Arlington House," from the Library of Congress at: www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cwp/item/2018670640/
On Oct. 18, 1862, Mathew Brady and Alexander Gardner took six photographs of Gen. Heintzelman and staff officers, in different arrangements on the steps of Arlington House, Robert E. Lee's former home overlooking the Potomac. This classic version, taken by Gardner, has a sense of spontaneity, and is by far the best of the lot. The inclusion of the women and Mathew Brady, among the well dressed officers, most in informal poses, has the look of a high society social event, as opposed to an obligatory group portrait of the General’s staff.
While restoring the image, I became interested in who these people were, and what they did during the war. I had identified a few individuals when I spotted a version of the group in a web article on Union Private Robert Knox Sneden. He served on Gen. Heintzelman’s staff as a topographical engineer, kept a diary and made hundreds of sketches and watercolors of what he saw and experienced. Afterwards, Sneden put together a five volume scrapbook, his own history of the Civil War, based on his writings and illustrated by his own artwork. In Vol. 3, page 993, Sneden pasted a copy, an alternate version, of "Gen. Heintzelman and Staff," and underneath he numbered each officer.
Eventually, it dawned on me that Sneden must have identified these officers on the next scrapbook page, which is unpublished, sitting in the collection of the Virginia Historical Society. I emailed the society and they kindly sent me a copy of page 994, and it contained the numbered key and names that I had been searching for. In his own handwriting, Sneden remarked, “Brady and Gardiner [sic] Photographers of New York took this picture Octr 18th 1862.”
To learn more about Heintzelman, I purchased a copy of Jerry Thompson’s book, “Civil War to the Bloody End: The Life and Times of Major General Samuel P. Heintzelman,” published in 2006. Thompson mentions that Heintzelman kept a diary, beginning in 1824, and maintained it for the next forty-seven years. The diary and related journals, where Heintzelman jotted down everything – from the weather to what he saw and did, the letters he read, his private thoughts, and conversations with others, these Thompson uses to great effect to create a most interesting biography. By coincidence, Thompson includes in his book the same image (of Heintzelman and Staff at Arlington), that Sneden used in his scrapbook. However, without Sneden’s numbered key, none of the individual officers are identified. If you read Thompson’s book, you can use this flickr post to put faces to much of his narrative.
For this 16 x 9 crop, I've removed the numbers along the bottom (looks a little better) - see my previous post if it's too confusing without them. The officers’ identities are based on Sneden’s scrapbook photo and key, but with the ID's reordered to go with the changed positions in this particular version. I’ve given the names that Sneden listed a sanity check, by consulting service records, biographical sources, and by scrutinizing individual portraits (if available) to see if their appearance matches up. The listed ranks and positions are from “General Orders, No. 11,” dated Dec. 6, 1862, issued “By Command of Major-General Heintzelman,” issued soon after this photograph was taken.
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The ID's going from left to right:
1. Lieut. Col. Samuel McKelvy – commissary of subsistence, born 1814, died 1889, aged 74.
Robert Knox Sneden identified this man as, “Capt. Saml. McKelvy of Pittsburg. Commissary –“
A bio on McKelvy, from the book “History of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania,” by Thomas Cushing, published 1889: “COL. SAMUEL MCKELVY was born May 1, 1814, in Pittsburgh, Pa., son of Hugh McKelvy, Jr. ….Samuel succeeded his father in business, became the founder of the cast-steel business in Pittsburgh, and started the McKelvy & Blair Cast-steel and File Manufacturing company…. In 1855 he had a tract of land in Pridevale, W. Va., of 13,000 acres, on which he had three blast-furnaces in operation. When the war broke out he abandoned business and volunteered for the service. He was early connected with the Duquesne Greys, of which organization he was for a time captain.
He was appointed to the commissary department, eventually becoming chief of the commissary of the third army corps, on the staff of Gen. Heintzelman. After the second battle of Bull run he was placed in charge of the convalescent camp near Washington, DC., where he did duty until toward the close of the war, when he was appointed chief commissary of cavalry under Gen. Sheridan. He resigned, but Secretary Stanton declined his resignation. After the war Col. McKelvy was appointed United States marshal for the western district of Pennsylvania and took an active part in politics…..He died somewhat suddenly, March 24, 1889, having been in ill health for some years…..”
Find a Grave link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/123935106/samuel-mckelvy
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2. Unidentified Man. Of the six different photographs of “Gen. Heintzelman and staff” taken by Brady and Gardner, this is the only version where this particular man is included, therefore he’s not in Private Sneden’s scrapbook photo with ID’s. I don’t believe he is an officer - his “uniform” doesn’t appear to be standard issue - no insignia, no shiny buttons, no side arms, etc. Perhaps he was one of Mathew Brady’s assistants?
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3. Capt. Henry Norton – aide-de-camp, born 1841, died 1878, aged 37.
Robert Knox Sneden identifies him as, “Lt Norton (nephew of Genl Heintzelman.) Aide.” Henry Norton is the son of Mary Stuart, sister of Gen. Heintzelman’s wife, Margaret Stuart.
On July 10, 1862, Brig Gen. Joseph Hooker writes a letter addressed to the Secretary of War: “1st Lieut. Henry Norton 63d New York Vols., now Aide de Camp to Brig. Gen’l Heintzelman desires to obtain a commission in the army, and it gives me great pleasure to commend him to your favorable consideration….He is a young gentleman of good attainments, has been well reared, and is of irreproachable moral character. Not many candidates for the army are of more promise.”
In camp near Harrison's Bar, Va., July 24, 1862, Gen. Heintzelman’s report on the Battle of Malvern Hill states that, “Lieut. Henry Norton, one of my aides, particularly distinguished himself at Malvern Hill by communicating with General Couch at the extreme front during the hottest part of the engagement and previously, showing much personal gallantry.”
On Sept. 3, 1862, Norton writes a letter from Ft. Lyon, Va., to Brig. Gen. Thomas: “I have the honor to accept the appointment of Aide de Camp with the rank of Captain. I am twenty one (21) years of age – birthplace Albany N.Y. – and reside permanently in the State of New York….”
In a Nov. 5, 1870 letter to an examination board, Gen. Heintzelman summarizes Norton’s service and disability: “From his conduct since his relapse after an attack of yellow fever at Galveston Texas in 1867, his friends believe that his mind has been seriously impaired. He served with me as Aide de Camp on the Peninsular Campaign…at the second Bull Run; with me whilst in command of the Defenses South of the Potomac, with me whilst in the command of the Defenses of Washington of the Northern Department. During all this time he was a perfectly sober active energetic officer performing his duties thoroughly & efficiently. After Texas relieved from my command of the Northern Department he was commissioned Major of the 6th NY Volunteers served until some time after the close of the war actively & efficiently on our Indian frontier. For these services he was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 17th Infy & served under my command at Galveston until a very short time before the yellow fever broke out there. He had it & a relapse. When I left there in 1867, he was a perfectly sober exemplary Officer. His case should come before the Retiring Board for disability contracted in the service – S.P Heintzelman, Major Gen’l Retd ”
Notwithstanding the good reports on Norton’s character, at one point he apparently succumbed to the stress of military service during wartime. Author Thompson writes of an episode in Cincinnati, recorded in Heintzelman’s diary, of Norton getting into an argument with an Army quartermaster and beating him “so badly with a rawhide whip” that Heintzelman thought he would be reported and dismissed. Heintzelman characterized the beating as “unjustifiable.”
Norton's field desk recently came up for auction and can be seen at this link: bid.fleischersauctions.com/online-auctions/fleischers-auc...
Find a Grave link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/286195061/henry-norton
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4. Unidentified Woman. None of the women appear in the Sneden scrapbook photo, and I’ve been unable to find another source to ID her. Perhaps she is Fanny McKeever, the wife of Chauncey McKeever, as she is sitting near him in this photo and standing next to him in another.
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5. Capt. Edwin Cody Sturges (sitting next to column) - commander of ambulance corps, born 1837, died 1900, aged 63 years.
Robert Knox Sneden identified this man as, “Capt ----Sturgis, chief of ambulances.”
This is the officer that has an uncanny resemblance to the famous Union cavalryman, Hugh Judson Kilpatrick. Over a couple months of research, I tried to make the connection but to no avail – it’s not him. Note that Sturges has multiple name spellings in the historical records. From “General Order 11,” issued by Major-General Heintzelman, “…the following named officers will be transferred to these headquarters for duty, in addition to the present staff…Capt. E. C. Sturges, commander ambulance corps…”
The 1870 book, “History of the Seventh Regiment National Guard, State of New York, during the War of the Rebellion,” lists Sturges in the “Roll of Honor,” (he was previously a member of the Seventh), and provided his regiment: “Captain Edward C. Sturgis. Captain, One Hundred and First Regiment, New York Volunteers. Aide-de-Camp to General Heintzelman.”
The roster of the One Hundred and First, published in a NY Adjutant Report provided the correct name spelling and a brief summary of his service, but only up to the time he was officially discharged from the NY regiment in Dec 1862: “STURGES, EDWIN C—Age, 21 years. Enrolled, November 1, 1861, at New York city, to serve three years; appointed captain, Co. G, First Regiment, Union Brigade, January 28, 1862....mustered out on consolidation, December 24, 1862; prior service as private, Seventh Militia...."
An obituary for Sturges from the New York Daily Tribune of Feb 19, 1900: “STURGES— On Friday, 16th inst. At his residence, 141 East 18th-st., Edwin C Sturges, in his 63d year. Funeral from his late residence. Monday, February 19, at 10 a. m. Military Order, Loyal Legion, United States, Commandery State of New-York….Funeral services will be held this morning at 10 o’clock…Companions are requested to attend. By Order of Brigadier General Henry L. Burnett, U.S. Volunteers…”
Find a Grave link (which provides his middle name): www.findagrave.com/memorial/169171652/edwin-cody-sturges
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6. Lieut. Edward Parker Deacon (standing next to and leaning on column) – volunteer aide, birth date 1843-44, died unknown.
In Robert Knox Sneden’s scrapbook photo, he has apparently switched the identities of two officers by mistake. This man (No. 6), who looks like a teenager, is identified as, “Maj. John Milhau, Chief Surgeon.” According to Thompson’s book, John Milhau resigned from Heintzelman’s staff in early September 1862. John Milhau was born in 1828, and based on other Civil War period photographs of him on the web, looked nothing like a teenager. The older looking officer, who doesn’t appear in this image, Sneden has mistakenly identified as “Lt. E.P Deacon of Boston, Volunteer Aide.” So this man is not John Milhau, but is he E.P. Deacon of Boston?
The sixth version of this group portrait at Arlington, is in the Army’s MOLLUS-MASS collection, Vol. 31, Page 1510. Handwritten in the lower margin, are the names of Gen. Heintzelman, and three of the other nine officers, including this man, identified as, “Capt. E. P. Deacon.” The MOLLUS-MASS collection has another photo of Deacon in Vol. 98, page 5016, that also matches his appearance, a Cdv labeled “Capt. E. Parker Deacon, A.D.C., U.S.V.,” placed right next to a photo of Gen. Heintzelman.
Prior to his military service, Deacon was an undergraduate student, mentioned in a letter dated Oct 4, 1862, concerning the closing of the Epsilon Chapter of Zeta Psi Fraternity at Brown University: “….The "Old Fraternity" no longer exists in Brown University…. At the time the Rebellion broke out, our Chapter numbered twelve members within the mystic circle. Of these, eight have since engaged in the services of their country, thus reducing our chapter below the minimum. And as there appeared no probability of its being continued as we could wish, we decided to close it. I give you a list of those of our chapter now in service with their rank. It may serve to show the character of our members….Capt. E. P. Deacon, aid on Gen'l Heintzelman's staff….”
Upon leaving Brown University, in early 1862, Deacon perhaps used family connections and secured a position on Heintzelman’s staff, which lasted only a year or less, but in time to participate in McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign. In “General Orders No. 6,” dated Feb. 25, 1863, “Edward Deacon is relieved from duty as Acting Aide-de-camp on the Major General’s Staff. To Lieutenant Deacon the Major General commanding returns his thanks for his valuable services during the late campaign on the Peninsula.”
Deacon’s file at NARA contains a handwritten letter, dated Nov. 2, 1863, from the Union cavalryman, General Wesley Merritt, addressed to “My dear Deacon” informing him that, ”there are vacancies in the Regular Cavalry Service,” and encouraging him to apply. It continues, “I need not tell you that having served with you and known you for some time past that I would use every exertion in my power to secure you an appointment…”
A month later, Deacon does apply, in a letter addressed to Edwin Stanton, dated Dec. 18, 1863, “Sir, I respectfully apply for a 2nd Lieutenancy in the U.S Cavalry. I served during the Peninsular Campaign…and during the Pennsylvania Campaign on the staff of Genl Merritt.”
In 1868, Brown University published a book titled, “Brown University in the Civil War - A Memorial,” with a “Roll Call” of students who served, including a brief summary of their wartime service. The entry for Deacon: “Edward P. Deacon. Aide-de-Camp, on staff of Major-General Heintzelman, commanding Third Army Corps, May, 1862 ; Captain, Second United States Cavalry, February, 1864 ; June, 1864, ordered to duty with Eighteenth Army Corps ; Acting Aide-de-Camp to Brevet Major-General Devens, commanding Third Division, Twenty-Fourth Army Corps ; Twice Officer at Aiken's Landing, Virginia ; Brevet Major, United States Volunteers ; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel. Served in Virginia and Maryland. Mustered out of service, June 25, 1865.”
After 1865, online records concerning Deacon’s life peter out. However, using the MOLLU-MASS Cdv description, and his service records, Deacon’s full name can be pieced together – “Edward Parker Deacon.” If you Google this name (put it in quotes) some interesting results come up for an individual that the NY Times described as a “member of a wealthy Boston family, prominent in society some years ago, and principal in a sensational shooting affair in Paris.” In 1892, this Edward Parker Deacon (also born 1844), an American who had lived in Paris for some years, shot and killed his wife’s lover in a Paris apartment, after the man jumped out of her bed and attempted to hide. Deacon was imprisoned in France for a year, and was later sent to an insane asylum where he died in 1901. There are dozens of newspaper articles on Deacon and the “sensational shooting,” but by 1892, no one seemed to know much about his background. Although I could find no period articles (1892-1901) that discussed him having previous service with the U.S. military, I suspect this Deacon might be the same “E.P Deacon of Boston” on Heintzelman’s 1862 staff – more research is needed to confirm.
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7. Lieut. Col. Chauncey McKeever (sitting second to right from column) – adjutant general, born 1829, died 1901, aged 72.
Robert Knox Sneden identified this man as, “Capt. Chauncey McKeever – Chief of Staff.”
Author Jerry Thompson writes of a Heintzelman journal entry, made on Nov. 3, 1862, (a couple weeks after this Gardner photograph) that two staff officers, Leavitt Hunt (No. 14) and Granville E. Johnson (No. 9) had, “submitted their resignations, saying they could no longer work with recently promoted Lieutenant Colonel McKeever. He has made himself so obnoxious.” Shortly after, Heintzelman confronted McKeever, informing him of the situation. The Nov. 1862 journal entry spells out the situation: “no one will serve with him or have anything to do with him.” Thompson writes that McKeever then found another position in the War department and resigned from Heintzelman’s staff.
From the Saint Paul, Weekly Pioneer and Democrat, of Dec. 5, 1862: “Assistant Adjutant General Chauncey McKeever, who has been acting lately upon General Heintzelman’s staff in that capacity, has been assigned to duty in the War Department, and ordered to report to the Secretary of War in person.”
An obituary for McKeever, from the book, “Annual Reunion, United States Military Academy. Association of Graduates,” published in 1901: “CHAUNCEY MCKEEVER….Class of 1849, Died, September 4, 1901, at Bad Reichenholl-Bavaria, aged 72. Brevet Brigadier General CHAUNCEY MCKEEVER, Colonel United States Army, retired, was a son of Commodore Isaac McKeever, United States Navy. He was born in Baltimore, Md., August 31, 1829, and graduated from the United States Military Academy on July 1, 1849, entering the service as Brevet Second Lieutenant, First Artillery. His first active service was in Florida against the Seminole Indians, 1849-50…..appointed Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the Military Academy, serving in that capacity until September, 1855. He then joined his regiment at Fort Vancouver, Puget Sound, with the active service incidental to the Indian hostilities in that quarter in 1855 and 1856, taking part in the Utah expedition and in the march of the first train of artillery across the Plains, of which he always retained lively interest.
…..After serving as Instructor of Artillery to Major W. T. Sherman's command at Washington at the outbreak of the Civil War, he was appointed Assistant Adjutant General, serving as such on the staffs of General Heintzelman, General McDowell and General Fremont, with the rank of Captain, August 3, 1861, participating in the Battle of Bull Run, July 26, 1861, in the Virginia Peninsula Campaign of the Army of the Potomac he was engaged in the siege of Yorktown, battle of Williamsburg, Oak Grove, Glendale and Malvern-Hill, and in the Northern Virginia Campaign the Battle of Manassas.
Appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Assistant Adjutant General of Volunteers, August 20, 1862. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, September 24, 1864, for meritorious and faithful services during the Rebellion; Brevet Colonel, March 13, 1865, for diligent, faithful and meritorious services in the Adjutant General's Department during the Rebellion, and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Army, March 13, 1865, for faithful and meritorious services during the Rebellion; promoted Lieutenant Colonel and Assistant Adjutant General, March 3, 1875, and Colonel and Assistant Adjutant General, February 28, 1887. After continuous active services at various Departments and Divisions, he was retired by age limit on August 31, 1893.
General McKeever died at Bad Reichenholl-Bavaria, after a very short illness, September 4, 1901, and his remains brought back to his native country and buried beside his father in the family plot at Greenwood Cemetery, New York….”
Find a Grave Link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/5951268/chauncey-mckeever
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8. Unidentified Woman (standing next to Mathew Brady). This woman is not included in the Sneden scrapbook photo, and I’ve been unable to find another source to ID her. She is looking towards Mathew Brady, could she possibly be Mrs. Brady? I could find only two photos of his wife on the web, one very young, the other much older, and neither looks like the other. She could possibly be one of Heintzelman’s sisters, as she is next to him in a second pose, and they did visit Arlington around this time.
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9. Capt. Granville E. Johnson (back to camera) – aide-de-camp, born 1839, died 1876, aged 37.
Robert Knox Sneden identified this man as, “Capt. Granville E. Johnson of Boston – Aide.” In the Sneden scrapbook photo, Johnson’s face is turned towards the camera (not his backside), identified here by his clothing and process of elimination. This same man is also identified as “Captain G. E. Johnson” in the MOLLUS-MASS version, Vol. 31, Page 1510.
The Library of Congress has two very good carte de visite portraits of Johnson, where you can see what he looks like. Links are below, and note that the “unidentified Union Officer” in the second photo is No. 3, above, Capt. Henry Norton. By some twist of fate, both officers survived the war but died at the same relatively young age of 37.
(1): www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/lilj/item/2025160274/
(2): www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/lilj/item/2025160275/
Johnson was with Heintzelman during the Peninsula Campaign, and is mentioned in his report on the Battle of Williamsburg, as having “behaved with much gallantry.”
Johnson remained on Heintzelman’s staff, and was later transferred with him to Ohio. In the files at NARA is a letter dated April 30, 1864, in which Johnson states he is “on duty at Head Quarters, Northern Department, Columbus, Ohio.” In another NARA file, a note states he was “nominated for appt. of Major & A.D.G. and confirmed but the resolution of confirmation was recalled by the Senate… There have been charges against him in the Judge Advocate General’s Office…”
The nature of the charges against Johnson I couldn’t find at NARA, but author Thompson mentions an incident, from Heintzelman’s journal, where Johnson was arrested for badly beating a restaurant owner in an argument over a bill. The last straw was apparently a report, that got back to Washington, that Johnson had spoken disrespectfully of President Lincoln, and was in favor of Gen. McClellan for President in the 1864 election. The end of Johnson’s military career is noted in a record at NARA, dated Sept. 14, 1864, stating that Granville E. Johnson is “to be mustered out of the service By order of the Secy of War.”
After the Civil War, the 1870 Federal census shows Johnson, age 30, living with his parents in the Boston sixth ward, with an annotation of “no occupation.”
Six years later, on Nov. 23, 1876, Granville E. Johnson, age “37 years, 20 days,” dies of double pneumonia, as recorded in the Boston City deaths register.
Find Grave Link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/154460517/granville-e-johnson
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10. Mathew B. Brady (wearing a fancy top hat), born 1822, died 1896, aged 73.
Mathew Brady, the famous Civil War photographer, is standing next to Gen. Heintzelman in this image; this is the only one of six versions where he is included. Author Jerry Thompson characterized Brady as a close friend of Gen. Heintzelman, but unfortunately provided no reference. I previously posted a 3D image of Brady and included some background information on his photography career. That flickr post can be found here: www.flickr.com/photos/110677094@N05/54546313782/in/datepo...
Find a Grave Link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/128/mathew-b-brady
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11. Mary Lathrop Heintzelman (sitting on steps under Mathew Brady) – Gen. Heintzelman’s Daughter, born 1848, died 1927, aged 79.
Mary Lathrop was the Heintzelman’s second child, born Feb. 27, 1848, in Buffalo, while Gen. Heintzelman was stationed in Mexico City, at the conclusion of the Mexican War. In this group portrait, Mary’s age would be 14 yrs and 7 months; I’ve identified her here based on her apparent age and placement near her parents, with whom she was living in 1862.
The Library of Congress has another group portrait titled, “Gen. S. P. Heintzelman and group, convalescent camp, near Alexandria, Va.” (LC-DIG-ppmsca-34102) where Mary is pictured again (a year or so older) standing right next to Heintzelman, her mother Margaret standing to the General’s other side, within the doorway. NARA apparently has the negative, and an excellent scan can be seen at this link: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Gen._Samuel_P...
Author Jerry Thompson indicated that at birth she had some sort of leg deformity and would “be slightly crippled, walking with a limp for the rest of her life.” Thompson relates how an army surgeon convinced Heintzelman that she needed a leg operation, which did not go well, the chloroform wearing off too soon and leaving the young girl screaming in agony.
On at least a couple of occasions, Mary accompanied her parents to White House parties where she would have met President and Mrs. Lincoln. Thompson writes that Mary was Gen. Heintzelman’s constant companion when he was older, “vigilantly guarding his military reputation.” The 1870 Federal Census shows Mary, age 22, living with her parents in Brooklyn, NY.
Her obituary from the Evening Star of March 25, 1927: “HEINTZELMAN. On March 24. 1927 at Washington. D. C., MARY LATHROP, daughter of the late Maj. Gen. S. P. Heintzelman, U.S.A. Services and interment in Buffalo, N. Y.”
There is no “Find a Grave record” for Mary Heintzelman. Thompson has a note that the “beloved semi-invalid daughter” is buried next to her parents in Forest Lawn cemetery.
Mary kept her father’s papers after his death, and used them as evidence to rebut criticisms of his Civil War record. Later, in 1913 and 1914, she deposited the huge collection at the Library of Congress – diaries, journals, notebooks, military documents, letters, etc., (now on 13 microfilm rolls), they were converted to a gift by his great-granddaughter, Dorothy Heintzelman Mallan, in 1953.
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12. Major-General Samuel Peter Heintzelman (standing to the right of Brady), born 1805, died 1880, aged 74.
Below, a brief summation of Heintzelman’s career, from an obituary, published in the Congressional Record.
“HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, Washington, May 1, 1880. The General announces to the Army and the country the death of Maj. Gen Samuel P. Heintzelman (retired), at his residence in this city at 1 o'clock this morning, at the age of seventy-five years.
Thus parts another link in the golden chain of memory which binds us to the past, and naught now remains of this noble soldier and gentleman except his example and the record of deeds which have contributed largely to the development and glory of his country in the last half century.
Samuel P. Heintzelman was born at Mannheim, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, September 30, 1805; entered the military academy at West Point July 1, 1822; graduated in 1826; commissioned as brevet second lieutenant Third Infantry and second lieutenant Second Infantry July 1, 1826. In this capacity he served on the northern frontier at Forts Gratiot, Mackinac, and Brady, when, on the 4th of March, 1833, he was appointed first lieutenant, and served on quartermaster's duty in Florida and the Creek country.
On the 7th of July, 1838, he was commissioned as captain of the staff in the Quartermaster's Department, remaining in Florida till the close of that war in 1842, and in 1847 joined General Scott's army in Mexico, taking an active part in several engagements, for which he was brevetted major October 9, 1847.
In 1848-'49 he accompanied his regiment around Cape Horn to California, and for several years was very busily employed in what is now the Territory of Arizona, receiving the brevet of lieutenant-colonel for his conduct in the campaign against the Yuma Indians, which terminated hostilities in that quarter.
March 3, 1855, he was promoted to major of the First Infantry, and served with that regiment on the Texas frontier, rendering most valuable service against the organized marauders under Cortinas, and contributing largely to the safety of that newly-acquired region of our country.
The civil war of 1861 found him at Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, superintending the general recruiting service, and with the ardor of his nature, and with his whole soul and might he embarked in that terrible conflict; first, appointed colonel of the now Seventeenth Infantry, he was rapidly advanced to brigadier and major general, holding high and important commands throughout the entire war, attaining the rank of major-general of volunteers, and brevet major-general of the regular Army. A record of these services would pass the limits of this obituary notice, but when the war closed no name on our register bore a more honorable record.
On the 22d of February, 1869, having attained the age of sixty-five, and having served continuously in the Army forty-five years, he voluntarily retired, as major-general, and has since spent most of his time here in Washington till this bright day of May, 1880.
General Heintzelman was a man of an intense nature, of vehement action, guided by sound judgment and a cultivated taste. Universally respected and beloved, at a ripe old age he leaves us, universally regretted. "Well done, thou good and faithful servant." May our end be as peaceful and as much deplored as his.
The funeral will take place from his residence, No. 1123 Fourteenth street, at 9 a. m., on Monday, May 3 instant, and will be escorted to the Sixth-street depot by a battalion of the Marine Corps and a battalion of the Second Artillery. The commanding officer of the artillery troops at the Washington Arsenal will detail an officer, a non-commissioned officer, and three men to accompany the remains to Buffalo for final interment.
The officers of the Army in this city are requested to attend the funeral ceremonies on Monday. By command of General Sherman.”
Find a Grave link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/3138/samuel-peter-heintzelman
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13. Margaret Stuart Heintzelman - Wife of Gen. Heintzelman (standing in center of column at right), born abt. 1818, died 1893, aged abt. 75.
Heintzelman met Margaret Stuart in 1843 when he was 38 years old, while stationed in Buffalo, NY; she was from Albany and was 25 years old. They were married in Buffalo, in Dec. 1844, and a year later their son Charles Stuart was born, in Dec. 1845. They had four children in all, a daughter Mary Lathrop (No. 11 above), and two others that died as infants. Margaret Heintzelman is identified by Thompson (in this same image) in his 1998 book on Gen. Heintzelman, “Fifty Miles and a Fight.”
Margaret Heintzelman led an interesting life, accompanying her husband to many of his military posts, and moving in elite social circles while he was stationed in Wash., D.C. Thompson relates that in March 1862, she traveled with the general and his staff aboard the steamer “Kent” to Fortress Monroe, and was an eye witness to the immense floating armada which ferried the Union army down the Chesapeake to launch Gen. McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign. She and her husband attended numerous White House parties, hosted by President and Mrs. Lincoln, with another author stating that she was a personal friend of Mary Lincoln. On April 18, 1863, the couple, along with daughter Mary, spent the evening at the White House with Mrs. Lincoln, who told Margaret that “Charles Heintzelman will go to West Point.” This and other White House visits are documented in the Lincoln Sesquicentennial Commission book, “Lincoln Day by Day.”
On August 8, 1862, while the General was at Harrison’s Landing, during the Peninsula Campaign, she went to the Old Soldiers Home (Lincoln’s summer retreat) and met with Lincoln to transmit her husband’s views on the military situation. The next day she wrote Lincoln a letter which provided more details as to Gen. Heintzelman’s proposed strategy; this document is online at the Library of Congress.
Throughout her husband’s career, she did what she could to advance it or protect it from political intrigue, on one occasion denying admittance to her home for two radical senators, who came to enlist the General’s support. When Heintzelman was to be forcibly retired, she went to see Gen. Grant, who “refused to change the order,” writes author Jerry Thompson.
With all that she saw and experienced in her lifetime – all the famous people that she knew and met - the obituary for Margaret Heintzelman is striking for its brevity. From the Army and Navy Journal of Aug. 19, 1893: “Mrs. Margaret Stuart Heintzelman, widow of Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman, U.S. Army, died suddenly at Boyce, Va., Aug. 9. Gen. Heintzelman died May 1, 1880.”
Find a Grave link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/119815343/margaret-heintzelman
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14. Major Leavitt Hunt – aide-de-camp, born 1831, died 1907, aged 75.
Robert Knox Sneden identified this man as, “Major Leavitt Hunt of Vermont – Asst Adjt Genl.” The sixth version print in Vol. 31, Pg. 1510, of the MOLLUS-Mass collection of Civil War photographic prints also identifies this same man as “L Hunt.”
Without the Sneden scrapbook photo with accompanying ID’s, probably no one would know that besides Mathew Brady, there was Alexander Gardner, and a third accomplished photographer, Leavitt Hunt, largely forgotten today, present at this Oct. 18, 1862, photo shoot at Arlington House.
From Wikipedia: “Col. Leavitt Hunt (1831–February 16, 1907) was a Harvard-educated attorney and photography pioneer who was one of the first people to photograph the Middle East. He and a companion, Nathan Flint Baker, traveled to Egypt, the Holy Land, Lebanon, Turkey and Greece on a Grand Tour in 1851–52, making one of the earliest photographic records of the Arab and ancient worlds……..Hunt's and Baker's photographs were dazzling, especially for a brand-new medium many had never seen before. They photographed the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids at Giza, the temple complex at Karnak, the Ramesseum at Thebes, and the ruins on the Island of Philae. They travelled farther to photograph the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai, the tombs and temples of Petra, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the ruins at Baalbek, and finally the buildings of the Acropolis in Athens.The 60 extant photographs from their journey show that Hunt and Baker were keen on the new medium and familiar with its techniques….
Following their extraordinary journey, the two men took divergent paths…Hunt completed his studies at the Swiss Military Institute, then returned to America, where he took a second law degree, this one from Harvard. He began practicing law in New York City, the home of his brother Richard Morris Hunt, until the outbreak of the American Civil War, when he enlisted as lieutenant on the staff of General Heintzelman. Eventually he was promoted to lieutenant colonel for bravery at the Battle of Malvern Hill. Hunt subsequently attained the rank of full colonel and assistant adjutant general in the Union Army.”
….As far as is known, neither Hunt nor his companion Baker ever showed much interest in the photographic medium after their journey. Their prints are rarely seen, very scarce, and are among the most valuable early photographic images. Hunt's personal album is now in the collection of the Bennington Art Museum, Bennington, Vermont. Baker's album evidently disappeared…..Hunt's personal negatives are believed lost, but the prints he made became the property of his brother Richard Morris Hunt and were donated to the American Institute of Architects. The photos are now at the Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division in Washington, D.C….”
A brief excerpt from Hunt’s obituary in the Vermont paper, The United Opinion, of Mar. 15, 1907:
“Col. Leavitt Hunt, aged 77 years, a member of one of Brattleboro’s most distinguished families who died February 16 at the Hotel Claremont in Claremont, N. H., where he had been since last fall with his wife, daughter and private secretary…
…..He engaged in business for a time after the war, but for many years his home had been in Weathersfield, where he owned a valuable estate. He lost the sight of one eye while in the military service. In 1880 the sight of the other eye began to fail and the last twelve years of his life he was blind…”
A link to Leavitt Hunt’s leather bound album of 55 calotype images of Egypt and Nubia at the Bennington Museum website: bennington.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/E3AE6BA0-B2D2-...
Find a Grave Link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/44674333/leavitt-hunt
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15. Lieut. Col. Elias M. Greene (full beard - facing the camera) - chief quartermaster, born 1831, died 1899, aged 68.
Robert Knox Sneden identified this man as, “Elias M. Greene – Chief Quartermaster.”
From the National Park Service: “On May 5, 1863, Lieutenant Colonel Elias M. Greene, chief quartermaster of the Department of Washington, and Danforth B. Nichols of the American Missionary Association officially selected the Arlington Estate as the site for Freedmen’s Village, which they intended to be a model community for freedpersons.
As Greene wrote to Major General S. P. Heintzelman in 1863, the creators believed that the open air would improve the health of the freedmen and have other benefits: “There is the decided advantage afforded to them of the salutary effects of good pure country air and a return to their former healthy avocations as field hands under much happier auspices than heretofore which must prove beneficial to them and will tend to prevent the increase of disease now present among them.”
Within a few weeks, 100 formerly enslaved people settled on the chosen site, located about one half mile to the south of the Arlington mansion. The following December, Freedmen’s Village was officially dedicated with a ceremony attended by members of Congress and other notables.”
Obituary for Greene from the New York Daily Tribune, Dec. 9, 1899:
“Elias M. Greene died at 2:30 o'clock morning at the Colonnade Hotel after a brief illness. He suffered about a week ago with the grip, and on Tuesday night last had a stroke of apoplexy, which caused his death. Mr. Greene was a son of Dr. Daniel Greene and Anna Thompson Greene, both of this city, and a great grandson of the famous General Nathaniel Greene, of the Revolutionary Army. He was educated in this city and at Bowdoin College, and when seventeen years old he engaged in business. When war against Mexico was declared in 1846, he enlisted in the United States Army and served throughout that war. At the outbreak of the Civil War he again enlisted, and in 1862 was made a quartermaster, with the rank of captain, Later he was promoted to be an assistant quartermaster general, with the rank of colonel of volunteers, serving under General Meigs. Mr. Greene was at one time a member of the firm of Burtis & Greene, dealers in crockery ware, of this city, and of the clothing house of Gardner & Greene, Afterward he became a promoter of various enterprises. He had always lived in this city. He leaves two nieces…”
Find a Grave link: www.findagrave.com/memorial/124205578/elias-m-greene
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16. Lieut. Col. Solon H. Lathrop - assistant inspector general , born 1823, died 1867, aged 44.
Robert Knox Sneden identified this man as, “Lt-Col. Solon H. Lathrop – Inspector Genl.” Lathrop was married to Elizabeth Stuart, sister of Heintzelman’s wife, Margaret Stuart. In his book, Thompson wrote that Lathrop was Heintzelman’s closest friend and confidant. The obituary below appeared in the Army and Navy Journal of Oct 26, 1867, without any credit line. Upon reading, it’s pretty obvious that it was written by Gen. Heintzelman himself. In the last paragraph, a heart-broken Heintzelman paints Lathrop as almost without human faults, but previously, in his daily journals, the General was more candid.
In 1867, Heintzelman noted how Lathrop had developed a bad drinking problem – and could “soon go to the dogs.” Apparently, Elizabeth Lathrop had severe mental issues, with Heintzelman writing that Solon was living “in a house with a half-crazed woman.” Author Thompson relates that at his San Antonio post, early in 1867, Lathrop once “took a large dose of laudanum while consuming alcohol,” and became abusive toward his commanding officer, “for which he was arrested and charged.” Heintzelman got the commanding officer to drop the charges and destroy the paperwork.
From the Army and Navy Journal, Oct 26, 1867: “OBITUARY. BREVET MAJOR SOLON H. LATHROP. We must add another to the long list of brave and good men of the Regular Army who have fallen at their posts in the Gulf States during the present terrible epidemic of yellow fever. On the 7th of October, Brevet Major Solon H. Lathrop, captain in the Thirty-fifth Infantry, U. S. A. died at Victoria, Texas, of yellow fever, aged 44 years.
Major Lathrop was with his company on his way from San Antonio to Indianola, when he received orders to halt at Victoria, and await the cessation of the fever at the place of his destination. There the fever found him and there he died. Born at Lebanon, N. H., in 1822, Major Lathrop's early life was that of an eminently successful business man. Removing at an early age to Buffalo, N. Y., he became a partner in the well-known firm of E. R. Jewett & Co, of the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. The senior partner retiring in 1853, the firm became known as Thomas & Lathrop under which title it did a large publishing and printing business, until in 1857 it was swept away by the financial crisis of that year….
In his emergency he soon accepted the responsible and difficult position of Treasurer of the Heintzelman Silver-Mining Company in Arizona, and spent three years on that frontier, hunting Apaches, controlling turbulent Mexican miners and advancing the interests of his company. Forewarned of the approach of the war, he joined his brother-in-law, Major, now General, Heintzelman, at Camp Verde, Texas; and the two came north in time to escape the disgraceful Twiggs surrender, and to be present at the first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, where Lathrop, with many others, wore his pistols in anticipation of a disturbance from the Secessionists with whom Washington was crowded.
Remaining at the capital when the war actually broke out, he enlisted as a private in that memorable company commanded by Cassius M. Clay, which made its camp in the parlors of the White House…..early in the Summer of 1861 he accepted a commission as captain in the Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, a regiment in the organization of which he assisted as Adjutant at Fort Preble, Maine. After the peninsular campaign Lathrop was appointed an assistant inspector general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of Volunteers, a position which he held successively on the different staffs of General Heintzelman, commanding the defences of Washington, Twenty-second Army Corps, and subsequently the Northern Department; Gen. Hooker, commanding the Northern Department, and General Ord, commanding the Department of the Lakes. During a considerable part of this tour of duty, he was the president of an inspection board, visiting the various hospitals and correcting the serious abuse of the detention of able-bodied men as attendants. At the close of the war, he was returned to his company with the rank of brevet major. In the breaking up of the" three-battalion regiments" the Seventeenth Infantry was divided and Lathrop was assigned to the Thirty-fifth Infantry….
He died leaving a wife and one child, the former convalescing from the fever, the latter in comparative safety with the family of General Mason at San Antonio. He was the brother-in-law and attached friend of General Heintzelman, and the Uncle of Lieutenant Henry Norton, of the Seventeenth Infantry, who also had the fever at Galveston where he is stationed.
In all the various positions held by Major Lathrop, he was distinguished for an entire devotion to the service, mingled with a spirit of leniency for the short-comings of others. The accidents of the service deprived him of the privilege of distinction in the field, but as an executive officer his reputation was excellent. All the various generals with whom he served have spoken in earnest words of his high merit as a man and soldier…..The cheerful steadfast heart that never faltered; the brave soul that met all sorrows with a smile; the honest, manly spirit that never thought a meanness; the shrewd well-tempered brain that always had an excuse for the faults of others, and always had a friend to help; are sleeping in death beside the rapid-running Colorado. One, at least, of his oldest friends who knew him long and well, will mourn his loss.”
Finda a Grave Link (Cenotaph): www.findagrave.com/memorial/100077426/solon-huntington-la...
Find a Grave Link (actual grave Site): www.findagrave.com/memorial/51474577/solon-huntington-lat...
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Keld is a village in the English county of North Yorkshire. It is in Swaledale, and the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The name derives from the Viking word Kelda meaning a spring and the village was once called Appletre Kelde – the spring near the apple trees.
Keld is the crossing point of the Coast to Coast Walk and the Pennine Way long-distance footpaths at the head of Swaledale, and marks the end of the Swale Trail, a 20 km mountain bike trail which starts in Reeth. At the height of the lead-mining industry in Swaledale in the late 19th century, several notable buildings – now Grade II listed – were erected: they include the Congregational and Methodist chapels, the school and the Literary Institute.
A tea room and small shop operate at Park Lodge from Easter to autumn. Out of season, local volunteers provide a self service café for visitors in the village’s Public Hall. Keld’s Youth Hostel closed in 2008 and has since reopened as Keld Lodge, a hotel with bar and restaurant. There is a series of four waterfalls close to Keld in a limestone gorge on the River Swale: Kisdon Force, East Gill Force, Catrake Force and Wain Wath Force.
The Keld Resource Centre, a local charity, is restoring a series of listed buildings in the village centre and returning them to community use. The first phase involved restoring the Manse, the minister's house attached to the United Reformed Church, which was completed in 2009 and is now used as a holiday cottage, proceeds from which support the Centre's work.
In 2010 the Centre created the Keld Well-being Garden in the chapel churchyard. It provides a quiet spot for visitors to contemplate their well-being in the beautiful natural environment of Upper Swaledale.
The Keld Countryside and Heritage Centre opened in 2011; it provides interpretation of the countryside, buildings and social history of Keld, and displays of artefacts relevant to Upper Swaledale. It is open throughout the year, operating alongside The Upper Room which is used for meetings, exhibitions, workshops and social events. A range of guided walks, exhibitions, talks and other activities take place during the summer months.
Further projects will involve restoring Keld’s former school.
The ruins of Crackpot Hall lie about a mile east of Keld on the northern slope of the dale at grid reference NY906008. There may have been a building on this site since the 16th century when a hunting lodge was maintained for Thomas, the first Baron Wharton, who visited the Dale occasionally to shoot the red deer. Survey work by the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority has shown that the building has changed many times over the years. At one time it even had a heather or "ling" thatched roof.
The current ruin is of a farmhouse dating from the mid 18th century. It was an impressive two-storey building with a slate roof and matching "shippons" or cowsheds at each end for animals. The building may also have been used as mine offices, as intensive lead mining was carried out in the area, and there were violent disputes over mine boundaries in the 18th century.
In the 1930s Ella Pontefract and Marie Hartley wrote of a wild 4-year-old child named Alice. On 7 November 2015, BBC Radio 3 broadcast a documentary about the story in the Between the Ears strand titled Alice at Crackpot Hall.[5]
The current building was abandoned in the 1950s because of subsidence. Crackpot Hall has been saved from further decay by Gunnerside Estate with the aid of grants from the Millennium Commission and European Union through the Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust.
The name Crackpot is said to mean "a deep hole or chasm that is a haunt of crows".
The Yorkshire Dales National Park is a 2,178 km2 (841 sq mi) national park in England covering most of the Yorkshire Dales, with the notable exception of Nidderdale. Most of the park is in North Yorkshire, with a sizeable area in Cumbria and a small part in Lancashire. The park was designated in 1954, and extended in 2016. Over 95% of the land in the Park is under private ownership; there are over 1,000 farms in this area.
In late 2020, the park was named as an International Dark Sky Reserve. This honour confirms that the area has "low levels of light pollution with good conditions for astronomy".
Some 23,500 residents live in the park (as of 2017); a 2018 report estimated that the Park attracted over four million visitors per year. The economy consists primarily of tourism and agriculture.
The park is 50 miles (80 km) north-east of Manchester; Otley, Ilkley, Leeds and Bradford lie to the south, while Kendal is to the west, Darlington to the north-east and Harrogate to the south-east.
The national park does not include all of the Yorkshire Dales. Parts of the dales to the south and east of the national park are located in the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The national park also includes the Howgill Fells and Orton Fells in the north west although they are not often considered part of the dales.
In 1947, the Hobhouse Report recommended the creation of the Yorkshire Dales National Park covering parts of the West Riding and North Riding of Yorkshire. The proposed National Park included most of the Yorkshire Dales, but not Nidderdale. Accordingly, Nidderdale was not included in the National Park when it was designated in 1954. In 1963 the then West Riding County Council proposed that Nidderdale should be added to the National Park, but the proposal met with opposition from the district councils which would have lost some of their powers to the county council.
Following the Local Government Act 1972 most of the area of the national park was transferred in 1974 to the new county of North Yorkshire. An area in the north west of the national park (Dentdale, Garsdale and the town of Sedbergh) was transferred from the West Riding of Yorkshire to the new county of Cumbria. In 1997 management of the national park passed from the county councils to the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority.
A westward extension of the park into Lancashire and Westmorland encompassed much of the area between the old boundaries of the park and the M6 motorway. This increased the area by nearly 24% and brought the park close to the towns of Kirkby Lonsdale, Kirkby Stephen and Appleby-in-Westmorland. The extension also includes the northern portion of the Howgill Fells and most of the Orton Fells. Before the expansion, the national park was solely in the historic county of Yorkshire, the expansion bringing in parts of historic Lancashire and Westmorland.
The area has a wide range of activities for visitors. For example, many people come to the Dales for walking or other exercise. Several long-distance routes cross the park, including the Pennine Way, the Dales Way, the Coast to Coast Walk and the Pennine Bridleway. Cycling is also popular and there are several cycleways.
The DalesBus service provides service in the Dales on certain days in summer, "including the Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty". In summer, these buses supplement the other services that operate year-round in the Dales.
Tourism in the region declined due to restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and into 2021. Later in 2021, the volume of visits was expected to increase as a result of the 2020 TV series All Creatures Great and Small, largely filmed within the Dales. The first series aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire Web sites had increased significantly by late September 2020. By early 2021, the Discover England Web sites, for example, were using the tag line "Discover All Creatures Great and Small in Yorkshire".
The Dales Countryside Museum is housed in the converted Hawes railway station in Wensleydale in the north of the area.The park also has five visitor centres. These are at:
Aysgarth Falls
Grassington
Hawes
Malham
Reeth
Other places and sights within the National Park include:
Bolton Castle
Clapham
Cautley Spout waterfall
Firbank Fell
Gaping Gill
Gayle Mill
Hardraw Force
Horton in Ribblesdale
Howgill Fells
Kisdon Force (waterfall) in Swaledale
Leck Fell
Malham Cove, Gordale Scar, Janet's Foss and Malham Tarn
Orton Fells
River Lune
Sedbergh
Settle
Settle and Carlisle Railway including the Ribblehead Viaduct
Wild Boar Fell
The Yorkshire Three Peaks (Ingleborough, Pen-y-ghent and Whernside)
North Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber and North East regions of England. It borders County Durham to the north, the North Sea to the east, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the south-east, South Yorkshire to the south, West Yorkshire to the south-west, and Cumbria and Lancashire to the west. Northallerton is the county town.
The county is the largest in England by land area, at 9,020 km2 (3,480 sq mi), and has a population of 1,158,816. The largest settlements are Middlesbrough (174,700) in the north-east and the city of York (152,841) in the south. Middlesbrough is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into County Durham and has a total population of 376,663. The remainder of the county is rural, and the largest towns are Harrogate (73,576) and Scarborough (61,749). For local government purposes the county comprises four unitary authority areas — York, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, and North Yorkshire — and part of a fifth, Stockton-on-Tees.
The centre of the county contains a wide plain, called the Vale of Mowbray in the north and Vale of York in the south. The North York Moors lie to the east, and south of them the Vale of Pickering is separated from the main plain by the Howardian Hills. The west of the county contains the Yorkshire Dales, an extensive upland area which contains the source of the River Ouse/Ure and many of its tributaries, which together drain most of the county. The Dales also contain the county's highest point, Whernside, at 2,415 feet (736 m).
North Yorkshire non-metropolitan and ceremonial county was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. It covered most of the North Riding of Yorkshire, as well as northern parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire, northern and eastern East Riding of Yorkshire and the former county borough of York. Northallerton, as the former county town for the North Riding, became North Yorkshire's county town. In 1993 the county was placed wholly within the Yorkshire and the Humber region.
Some areas which were part of the former North Riding were in the county of Cleveland for twenty-two years (from 1974 to 1996) and were placed in the North East region from 1993. On 1 April 1996, these areas (Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton borough south of the River Tees) became part of the ceremonial county as separate unitary authorities. These areas remain within the North East England region.
Also on 1 April 1996, the City of York non-metropolitan district and parts of the non-metropolitan county (Haxby and nearby rural areas) became the City of York unitary authority.
On 1 April 2023, the non-metropolitan county became a unitary authority. This abolished eight councils and extended the powers of the county council to act as a district council.
The York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority held its first meeting on 22 January 2024, assumed its powers on 1 February 2024 and the first mayor is to be elected in May 2024.
The geology of North Yorkshire is closely reflected in its landscape. Within the county are the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales, two of eleven areas in England and Wales to be designated national parks. Between the North York Moors in the east and the Pennine Hills. The highest point is Whernside, on the Cumbrian border, at 2,415 feet (736 m). A distinctive hill to the far north east of the county is Roseberry Topping.
North Yorkshire contains several major rivers. The River Tees is the most northerly, forming part of the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham in its lower reaches and flowing east through Teesdale before reaching the North Sea near Redcar. The Yorkshire Dales are the source of many of the county's major rivers, including the Aire, Lune, Ribble, Swale, Ure, and Wharfe.[10] The Aire, Swale, and Wharfe are tributaries of the Ure/Ouse, which at 208 km (129 mi) long is the sixth-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river is called the Ure until it meets Ouse Gill beck just below the village of Great Ouseburn, where it becomes the Ouse and flows south before exiting the county near Goole and entering the Humber estuary. The North York Moors are the catchment for a number of rivers: the Leven which flows north into the Tees between Yarm and Ingleby Barwick; the Esk flows east directly into the North Sea at Whitby as well as the Rye (which later becomes the Derwent at Malton) flows south into the River Ouse at Goole.
North Yorkshire contains a small section of green belt in the south of the county, which surrounds the neighbouring metropolitan area of Leeds along the North and West Yorkshire borders. It extends to the east to cover small communities such as Huby, Kirkby Overblow, and Follifoot before covering the gap between the towns of Harrogate and Knaresborough, helping to keep those towns separate.
The belt adjoins the southernmost part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and the Nidderdale AONB. It extends into the western area of Selby district, reaching as far as Tadcaster and Balne. The belt was first drawn up from the 1950s.
The city of York has an independent surrounding belt area affording protections to several outlying settlements such as Haxby and Dunnington, and it too extends into the surrounding districts.
North Yorkshire has a temperate oceanic climate, like most of the UK. There are large climate variations within the county. The upper Pennines border on a Subarctic climate. The Vale of Mowbray has an almost Semi-arid climate. Overall, with the county being situated in the east, it receives below-average rainfall for the UK. Inside North Yorkshire, the upper Dales of the Pennines are one of the wettest parts of England, where in contrast the driest parts of the Vale of Mowbray are some of the driest areas in the UK.
Summer temperatures are above average, at 22 °C. Highs can regularly reach up to 28 °C, with over 30 °C reached in heat waves. Winter temperatures are below average, with average lows of 1 °C. Snow and Fog can be expected depending on location. The North York Moors and Pennines have snow lying for an average of between 45 and 75 days per year. Sunshine is most plentiful on the coast, receiving an average of 1,650 hours a year. It reduces further west in the county, with the Pennines receiving 1,250 hours a year.
The county borders multiple counties and districts:
County Durham's County Durham, Darlington, Stockton (north Tees) and Hartlepool;
East Riding of Yorkshire's East Riding of Yorkshire;
South Yorkshire's City of Doncaster;
West Yorkshire's City of Wakefield, City of Leeds and City of Bradford;
Lancashire's City of Lancaster, Ribble Valley and Pendle
Cumbria's Westmorland and Furness.
The City of York Council and North Yorkshire Council formed the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority in February 2024. The elections for the first directly-elected mayor will take place in May 2024. Both North Yorkshire Council and the combined authority are governed from County Hall, Northallerton.
The Tees Valley Combined Authority was formed in 2016 by five unitary authorities; Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland Borough both of North Yorkshire, Stockton-on-Tees Borough (Uniquely for England, split between North Yorkshire and County Durham), Hartlepool Borough and Darlington Borough of County Durham.
In large areas of North Yorkshire, agriculture is the primary source of employment. Approximately 85% of the county is considered to be "rural or super sparse".
Other sectors in 2019 included some manufacturing, the provision of accommodation and meals (primarily for tourists) which accounted for 19 per cent of all jobs. Food manufacturing employed 11 per cent of workers. A few people are involved in forestry and fishing in 2019. The average weekly earnings in 2018 were £531. Some 15% of workers declared themselves as self-employed. One report in late 2020 stated that "North Yorkshire has a relatively healthy and diverse economy which largely mirrors the national picture in terms of productivity and jobs.
Mineral extraction and power generation are also sectors of the economy, as is high technology.
Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy. A study of visitors between 2013 and 2015 indicated that the Borough of Scarborough, including Filey, Whitby and parts of the North York Moors National Park, received 1.4m trips per year on average. A 2016 report by the National Park, states the park area gets 7.93 million visitors annually, generating £647 million and supporting 10,900 full-time equivalent jobs.
The Yorkshire Dales have also attracted many visitors. In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The parks service estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy. The North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales are among England's best known destinations.
York is a popular tourist destination. A 2014 report, based on 2012 data, stated that York alone receives 6.9 million visitors annually; they contribute £564 million to the economy and support over 19,000 jobs. In the 2017 Condé Nast Traveller survey of readers, York rated 12th among The 15 Best Cities in the UK for visitors. In a 2020 Condé Nast Traveller report, York rated as the sixth best among ten "urban destinations [in the UK] that scored the highest marks when it comes to ... nightlife, restaurants and friendliness".
During February 2020 to January 2021, the average property in North Yorkshire county sold for £240,000, up by £8100 over the previous 12 months. By comparison, the average for England and Wales was £314,000. In certain communities of North Yorkshire, however, house prices were higher than average for the county, as of early 2021: Harrogate (average value: £376,195), Knaresborough (£375,625), Tadcaster (£314,278), Leyburn (£309,165) and Ripon (£299,998), for example.
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added for North Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.
Unemployment in the county was traditionally low in recent years, but the lockdowns and travel restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the economy during much of 2020 and into 2021. The UK government said in early February 2021 that it was planning "unprecedented levels of support to help businesses [in the UK] survive the crisis". A report published on 1 March 2021 stated that the unemployment rate in North Yorkshire had "risen to the highest level in nearly 5 years – with under 25s often bearing the worst of job losses".
York experienced high unemployment during lockdown periods. One analysis (by the York and North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership) predicted in August 2020 that "as many as 13,835 jobs in York will be lost in the scenario considered most likely, taking the city's unemployment rate to 14.5%". Some critics claimed that part of the problem was caused by "over-reliance on the booming tourism industry at the expense of a long-term economic plan". A report in mid June 2020 stated that unemployment had risen 114 per cent over the previous year because of restrictions imposed as a result of the pandemic.
Tourism in the county was expected to increase after the restrictions imposed due the pandemic are relaxed. One reason for the expected increase is the airing of All Creatures Great and Small, a TV series about the vet James Herriot, based on a successful series of books; it was largely filmed within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The show aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.
The East Coast Main Line (ECML) bisects the county stopping at Northallerton,Thirsk and York. Passenger service companies in the area are London North Eastern Railway, Northern Rail, TransPennine Express and Grand Central.
LNER and Grand Central operate services to the capital on the ECML, Leeds Branch Line and the Northallerton–Eaglescliffe Line. LNER stop at York, Northallerton and on to County Durham or spur over to the Tees Valley Line for Thornaby and Middlesbrough. The operator also branch before the county for Leeds and run to Harrogate and Skipton. Grand Central stop at York, Thirsk Northallerton and Eaglescliffe then over to the Durham Coast Line in County Durham.
Northern operates the remaining lines in the county, including commuter services on the Harrogate Line, Airedale Line and York & Selby Lines, of which the former two are covered by the Metro ticketing area. Remaining branch lines operated by Northern include the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull, York–Scarborough line via Malton, the Hull to York Line via Selby, the Tees Valley Line from Darlington to Saltburn via Middlesbrough and the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Whitby. Last but certainly not least, the Settle-Carlisle Line runs through the west of the county, with services again operated by Northern.
The county suffered badly under the Beeching cuts of the 1960s. Places such as Richmond, Ripon, Tadcaster, Helmsley, Pickering and the Wensleydale communities lost their passenger services. Notable lines closed were the Scarborough and Whitby Railway, Malton and Driffield Railway and the secondary main line between Northallerton and Harrogate via Ripon.
Heritage railways within North Yorkshire include: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, between Pickering and Grosmont, which opened in 1973; the Derwent Valley Light Railway near York; and the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. The Wensleydale Railway, which started operating in 2003, runs services between Leeming Bar and Redmire along a former freight-only line. The medium-term aim is to operate into Northallerton station on the ECML, once an agreement can be reached with Network Rail. In the longer term, the aim is to reinstate the full line west via Hawes to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle line.
York railway station is the largest station in the county, with 11 platforms and is a major tourist attraction in its own right. The station is immediately adjacent to the National Railway Museum.
The main road through the county is the north–south A1(M), which has gradually been upgraded in sections to motorway status since the early 1990s. The only other motorways within the county are the short A66(M) near Darlington and a small stretch of the M62 motorway close to Eggborough. The other nationally maintained trunk routes are the A168/A19, A64, A66 and A174.
Long-distance coach services are operated by National Express and Megabus. Local bus service operators include Arriva Yorkshire, Stagecoach, Harrogate Bus Company, The Keighley Bus Company, Scarborough & District (East Yorkshire), Yorkshire Coastliner, First York and the local Dales & District.
There are no major airports in the county itself, but nearby airports include Teesside International (Darlington), Newcastle and Leeds Bradford.
The main campus of Teesside University is in Middlesbrough, while York contains the main campuses of the University of York and York St John University. There are also two secondary campuses in the county: CU Scarborough, a campus of Coventry University, and Queen's Campus, Durham University in Thornaby-on-Tees.
Colleges
Middlesbrough College's sixth-form
Askham Bryan College of agriculture, Askham Bryan and Middlesbrough
Craven College, Skipton
Middlesbrough College
The Northern School of Art, Middlesbrough
Prior Pursglove College
Redcar & Cleveland College
Scarborough Sixth Form College
Scarborough TEC
Selby College
Stockton Riverside College, Thornaby
York College
Places of interest
Ampleforth College
Beningbrough Hall –
Black Sheep Brewery
Bolton Castle –
Brimham Rocks –
Castle Howard and the Howardian Hills –
Catterick Garrison
Cleveland Hills
Drax Power Station
Duncombe Park – stately home
Eden Camp Museum –
Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway –
Eston Nab
Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo –
Helmsley Castle –
Ingleborough Cave – show cave
John Smith's Brewery
Jorvik Viking Centre –
Lightwater Valley –
Lund's Tower
Malham Cove
Middleham Castle –
Mother Shipton's Cave –
National Railway Museum –
North Yorkshire Moors Railway –
Ormesby Hall – Palladian Mansion
Richmond Castle –
Ripley Castle – Stately home and historic village
Riverside Stadium
Samuel Smith's Brewery
Shandy Hall – stately home
Skipton Castle –
Stanwick Iron Age Fortifications –
Studley Royal Park –
Stump Cross Caverns – show cave
Tees Transporter Bridge
Theakston Brewery
Thornborough Henges
Wainman's Pinnacle
Wharram Percy
York Castle Museum –
Yorkshire Air Museum –
The Yorkshire Arboretum
HORACIO PATRONE :
- Del año 1970 hasta el año 2010 ...me dedique a fotografias sociales en mi propio estudio ,en especial Retratos Estudio de Novias con Rollei 6x6 lente planar 2.8, e iluminacion de sombrillas , ademas eventos de empresas y fotografia publicitaria ., realizando mas de 7.500 eventos.- incluidos los casamientos de dos hijos de presidentes de la Republica Argentina en plenas funciones , ademas representando a mi estudio fui fotografo oficial del staff de INTEL CORPORATION en seminarios, fotografo oficial de Dow Chemical Company en eventos deportivos,por cinco años fotografo particular de fotos familiares de Mastellone Hnos S.A ., Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat ,Kalpakian Brothers S.A.C.I..entre otros Empresarios exitosos, freelance para revista WEEKEND para notas y fotos de pesca - en 1965 ingrese al periodico LA NACION .- luego de 40 años de actividad fotografica social a full me fui a vivir por 2 años a la Patagonia Argentina Chubut...arriba de una montaña frente al lago Carlos Pellegrini...a mi regreso en capital federal, dejando los muchos años de pesca en modo de flay cast y motonautica en el recuerdo ., como un nuevo hooby., adopte FOTOGRAFIA DE NATURALEZA.-HORACIO PATRONE:
- From the year 1970 to the year 2010 ... I dedicate to social photography in my studio, especially Portraits Studio of Brides with Rollei 6x6 lens planar 2.8, business event and advertising photography, performing more than 7,500 events.- including The marriages of two children of presidents of the Argentine Republic in full function, also representing my studio I was official photographer of the staff of INTEL CORPORATION in seminars, official photographer of Dow Chemical Company in sporting events, For five years, private photographer of family photos of Mastellone Hnos S.A., Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat, Kalpakian Brothers S.A.C.I .. among other successful Entrepreneurs, Freelance for WEEKEND magazine for fishing notes and photos- in 1965 enter the newspaper LA NACION .- after 40 years of photography Social activity to full I went to live for 2 years to Patagonia Argentina Chubut ... up a mountain in front of the lake Carlos Pellegrini ... ja to my return in federal capital, leaving the many years of fishing in mode of flay cast And mechonautica in the memory., Like a new hooby., Adopt PHOTOGRAPH OF NATURE.
Imagens do Social Media Week / São Paulo - 08/fev/2011
O SMW/SP foi apresentado por:
Oi
Co-patrocínio:
Fiat
IG
Lomadee
Pepsico
Santander
The first major railway line in
South Australia from Adelaide to Gawler reached Salisbury in 1857. A local land owner then subdivided some of his land to create Salisbury West which was west of the new railway line. Trevaskis did this in 1856 before the railway came. he created 61 town blocks.
This fine old stone Wesleyan Church had rounded windows not Gothic pointed ones. The slate roof is the original 1858 roof. The larger arch was the front door. It had a window each side for balance and symmetry.
Oranges along the Para.
The orange tree is botanically known as citrus sinensis which comes from China but is grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The fruit of this tree gave us the name for one of our primary colours. This colour was first recoded in the English language in 1512. Orange is a Sanskrit Indian word. In Europe oranges have been grown in Italy and Spain since they were brought there by the Crusaders in 1100s from the Middle East. The first mention of commercial orange growing along the Para was in 1870 when Mr Urlwin exhibited Salisbury oranges at the Adelaide Royal Show. Then Mr F Fendon was described in newspapers in 1876 as a pioneer of commercial orange growing at Salisbury as he had been experimenting with orange trees since 1850. He hoped his display at the Salisbury Show of 1876 would encourage others to turn to orange growing. He had 20 varieties growing along Para when he exhibited them at the Salisbury Annual Show in 1876. More oranges were grown in the 1880s and by the 1890s hundreds of cases a year were being exported by P & O steamers to London. Thus the big expansion of commercial orange growing was in the 1880s. The oranges grown were Navel, Valencias, Washingtons and Lisbons( lemon) and these were the four” houses” in the Salisbury Primary School in the 1950s. Other earlier varieties grown included Sabina (a sour Italian orange), Rio (a red grapefruit), Seville oranges etc. Navel orange is a variety that was developed in Brazil in the 1820s, Washingtons were also from Brazil but Navels were developed for commercial orchards in California. Mr Russsell of Paralowie House is a good example of what Salisbury farmers did. He converted from growing oats and wheat to oranges in 1890. He planted 82 acres of his 122 acres in citrus trees 21 feet apart giving him over 1,000 trees. The annual floods of the Little Para were the secret of providing the rich alluvial soils in the Para valley. Other early citrus growers in Salisbury were the Kuhlmann, Moss, Tate, Jenkins, Harvey, Ponton and Sayer families. In the 1970s as the citrus industry died the flood plains of the Little Para were converted to parklands if they flooded or to housing if they were not flood prone. But once the Little Para Reservoir was completed the annual floods stopped anyway. Oranges were also extensively grown at Golden Grove. During the dry of summer water was taken from the Little Para to irrigate the oranges and one old stone waterwheel used for this purpose has been restored in Salisbury. That waterwheel was built for orange grower Frederick Kuhlmann of the Old Spot Hotel in 1899 and used until the 1940s.
Salisbury.
Sir Montague( or Montagu) Chapman, Third Baronet of Westmeath near Dublin Ireland, used a loop hole in the Special Survey regulations of 1839 and selected his 4,000 acres for £4,000 in different areas. He took 800 acres at Koonunga near Kapunda; 500 acres at Kapunda (a friend of his Bagot also got land there); 500 acres near Waterloo and Marrabel; and later in 1842 he selected a further 2,200 acres between the Little Para River and Dry Creek at what is now Mawson Lakes, Salisbury and Cross Keys. At Killua Castle in Ireland he had 9,000 acres and hundreds of tenant farmers. He wanted to do the same in SA. In 1840 he sent out Captain Charles Bagot from Ireland with 224 Irish immigrants to settle his, and Bagot’s lands, at Kapunda with Irish labourers and tenants. Then in 1842 he sailed out to SA himself with 120 Irish tenant farmers whom he installed on his lands at Cross Keys. Sir Montague Chapman returned to Ireland the next year. Then in 1847 he sent out a further 214 Irish immigrants to be tenant farmers on his Cross Key to Salisbury lands. They came out on the ships named Trafalgar and Aboukir. Sir Montague Chapman lived in Ireland not SA but returned to his SA estates in 1852 and drowned at sea in 1853 off Portland when returning to SA from Melbourne. His brother inherited the SA lands and estates. The lasting effect of Sir Montague Chapmans tenant farming ideas was a large number of Irish Catholics around the Salisbury and Kapunda districts. Many of these immigrants soon became independent landowners themselves rather than Montague’s tenants.
Daniel Brady, another Irishman was a self-made Irish immigrant to the area. He purchased 100 acres, now the Parafield Airport in 1845. He then got the license to the Cross Keys hotel. Much later Brady laid out the town of Virginia in 1858.But there were other Catholic influences in Salisbury too. William Leigh of Staffordshire (and of Leigh Street Adelaide) was a great land investor and speculator in SA and donated lands early to the Anglican Church ( in Leigh St.) then he converted to Catholicism and donated lands to the SA Catholic Church for the first church and bishop’s palace on West Terrace etc. At Salisbury he donated 500 acres to the local Catholic Church along the Little Para where the reservoir is now situated. The local church rented that farm out as income until it was sold in 1896. Thus because of two major Catholic British aristocrats Salisbury thrived as a centre of Catholicism and had one of the largest Catholic Churches in SA in the mid-19th century. The church itself was set up when the state Government was offering glebe lands for churches to get established. The Catholics of Salisbury received 20 acres of land under this system through Bishop Murphy in 1850. The foundations of St Augustine’s Church were laid in 1851 with the church being used before its final official opening in 1857. This grand stone church replaced an earlier pug and pine church which had opened in 1847 on the site. The tower was added in 1926.
But the main story of Salisbury is centred on Scottish born John Harvey of Wick. But who was John Harvey? Is his main claim to fame that he brought out from South Africa soursob bulbs? He was a man of ideas wanting to make money. He came out to SA alone when he was 16 years old arriving in 1839 on the ship named Superb. By 1843 Harvey had moved to Gawler where he drove mails between Adelaide and Gawler. This gave him the idea of grazing cattle on the unoccupied plains between the two settlements. He started squatting. He let overlanders from NSW depasture their flocks on these lands, for a fee, although he had no legal right to do so. He accepted cattle for fees and soon had stock of his own. To this he added some horses which he bred for sale (or export to India) and once he had fattened the cattle he sold them for meat for the Adelaide market or through his butcher shop in growing Gawler. He became a major meat supplier for Adelaide and Gawler. He also experimented with cereal growing on the Salisbury plains and claims to be have been the first to do so. Within a few years he had amassed a sizeable amount of money from almost nothing and he purchased his first land at Gawler, where he built his first stone house, and at Salisbury when the Hundred of Yatala was declared in 1846. He was temporarily forced off the land he was squatting upon until he purchased 147 acres in 1847. He subdivided a small part of it to create the town of Salisbury with the main street named after himself and the street parallel to it named Wiltshire where his wife Ann Pitman (cousin of Sir Isaac Pitman of shorthand fame) was born. His town plans were submitted in 1848 as he hoped to make money from this action. Harvey continued living in Salisbury and went into building houses for people, breeding race horses and encouraging agriculture. He was elected to parliament in 1857 for one term and served on the Yatala District Council. His land deals included selling the area of Gawler that became Bassett Town by the old Gawler railway station. He was a mainstay of the Royal Horticultural Society and the Adelaide Racing Club. He was a local Justice of the Peace. John Harvey died in Salisbury in 1899, aged 78 years but his descendants stayed on in the town to be orange growers. John and his wife Ann are buried in St John’s Anglican cemetery. He left three sons and daughter.
By 1854 there were churches being erected in Salisbury; a flour mill; a hotel; and many houses for residents. The earliest SA settlers has eschewed the Adelaide Plains as they were hot and dry and they preferred the wetter, cooler Adelaide Hills. By 1845 less hills land was available and some saw the potential of this fertile little river valley close to the Adelaide and on the main copper mine routes from Adelaide to Kapunda and Burra. Apart from the Catholics the town attracted Anglicans, who were to construct their first church in 1849 or 1850 although the date on the building says 1846 which was before the land was even surveyed. John Harvey is known to have sold two lots to the Anglican Bishop Short for a nominal amount for an Anglican Church in 1850. It is therefore unlikely that the Anglicans built anything before 1850 but John Harvey might have allowed a building on his land before it was officially handed over to Bishop Short. A number of Primitive Methodists were also drawn to Salisbury and they who formed their congregation in 1849 with services on the banks of the Little Para. In 1851 they opened their Primitive Methodist Church called Hephzibah which was replaced with a second solid stone church in 1858. The Primitive Methodists purchased their land from John Harvey. They then established satellite Primitive Methodist churches at Burton, Sturton, Greenwith and other further out districts like Carclew, Two Wells etc. The Wesleyan Methodists had a church at the Old Spot (1857) but they too constructed a Wesleyan church in Salisbury West in 1858 after the arrival of the railway to the town. It has been a residence since 1904 but is defaced with ugly 1950s additions.
Salisbury grew quite quickly because it was only a few years before the town was connected with Adelaide by the Gawler train line. North of the Para River John Porter purchased land at the same time as John Harvey in 1847 and he too create a small private town with Porter, Gawler and Commercial streets etc. His town merged with Harvey’s as did the later 1856 subdivision of Salisbury West by William Trevaskis. No cathedral emerged but the town had its churches, hotels, a flour mill and industry. It soon had a private school too. Charles James Blatche Taplin, my great great grandfather had a licensed school in Salisbury from 1855 until his death in 1867. His wife Eliza Taplin had a separate school for girls which she continued after his death. After the Education Act of 1875 the government built the old Salisbury School in 1876. Charles Taplin was also the treasurer of the St Johns Anglican Church for many years and was present at the laying of its foundation stone with architect Daniel Garlick in 1858. The town remained a local service centre until World War Two when the government purchased land at Edinburgh for an ammunitions works and secure storage area and a further 58 acres of land, mainly from descendants of John Harvey, along Park Terrace in Salisbury for emergency war housing. It was required to house all the workers required for the war time industry at Penfield. Some 284 fibro “cabin homes” were erected in Salisbury on vacant land and the population grew rapidly. After the war the town grew further with the establishment of Salisbury North in 1949 as a Housing Trust suburb with over 500 new homes. Shortly after this in 1954 the new satellite city of Elizabeth and its associated industries was created in the Salisbury Council area abutting on to the Para River. In the 1950s most of the pioneering families from the late 1840s were still living in Salisbury as it was just a small rural town with a water trough for horses in the main street and a hitching post! By the 1970s the town had become a city and changed dramatically for ever.
Some Historic Salisbury Properties.
•Anglian Church and cemetery. See details above. Early building 1849 or 1846? The Garlick designed church opened 1865 but the foundation stone was laid in 1858. In 1989 a fire destroyed the interior and the roof of the church was rebuilt.
•Former Primitive Methodist Hephzibah Church and cemetery. After open air services the first Primitive Methodist church was built on this site in 1851. In 1858 a new grand church called Hephzibah was erected here to replace it. The land for the church was purchased from John Harvey for £10. The church name means “in her delight”. The church was restored in 1904 and then became the only Methodist church in Salisbury. In 1960 the church was sold to Coles who replaced it with a supermarket and a new Methodist Church was built on Park Terrace. That new church is now the Uniting Church.
•Salisbury Institute. This important building for social events also providing the original reading room and library which opened in 1884.The land was donated by William Kelly of One Tree Hill and the architect was Frederick Dancker originally from Macclesfield where he designed their institute too. Like many institutes it became a community hall run by the Council in 1939 who started showing movies in it.
•Salisbury Schools. The northern wing of Salisbury School was built in 1876 with pointed gothic windows in the west gable. The southern wing was added in 1879. Notice the slightly different windows etc. The first school operated in the 1846/49 Anglican Church for many years. A High School opened in Salisbury in 1959.
•Salisbury Police Station and Courthouse now the town museum. This police station with cells and outbuildings and Courthouse was opened in 1859 after a request by MP John Harvey to the Commissioner of Public Works. E.A Hamilton was the architect for the government. The station cost £730. It is now a museum.
Salisbury West, the Gawler railway and Shirley Hall.
The first major railway line in South Australia was from Adelaide to Gawler and it reached Salisbury in 1857. A local land owner then subdivided some of his land to create Salisbury West which was west of the new railway line. William Trevaskis did this in 1856 before the railway came when he divided off a few acres from his original 1846 freehold estate of 82 acres (one section). As a land speculator he created 61 town blocks which he advertised as “adjoining Salisbury Station of the Adelaide Gawler Town Railway.” This worked well. This area just west of the railway station soon had residences, a hotel, and a Wesleyan Church. When Trevaskis subdivided this estate he named one street East Terrace facing the railway line. This is where Edmund Paternoster later established his windmill, pumps and engineering works in 1878. His Little Gem windmills were sold in all colonies. East Tce was later changed to Paternoster Street to commemorate this important local industrialist of the 19th century. The Assistant Engineer for the construction of the railway Adelaide-Gawler railway, W Coulls purchased three blocks and built the Australian Heritage Listed Shirley Hall is on one of them with outbuildings, coach house and stables on the others. Shirley Hall was built just behind the old Wesleyan Church of 1858 with cellars and 7 main rooms and a separate kitchen in the outbuildings. The original brick and cast iron fence (made at James Martin foundry Gawler) still survives as does the original slate tiles. Coulls died in 1861 and the house had several owners before it was purchased by James Thompson in 1898. He renamed it Chelsea. Sir Jenkin Coles, Speaker of the South Australian parliament for the lower Mid North was a friend of James Thompson and often held political meetings at Chelsea House. The house was only sold out of the Thompson family in 1975. The nearby Wesleyan Methodist Church was built in Romanesque style in 1858. With the three Methodist churches union in 1900 all services were conducted in the former Wesleyan Church between 1900 and 1904 when repairs to Hephzibah were completed and Hebzibah then became the one and only Methodist church in Salisbury. Not long after 1904 this Wesleyan church was sold as a residence.
Paralowie.
Paralowie House overlooks the Little Para River and the owner in 1894 had a fine stone Gate House and stone pillar gates built right on the edge of the river on Waterloo Corner Road. Paralowie House and this gate house was built in 1894 for Frank Russell an investor and farmer. His story is related above how he changed from dairying and cereal growing to orange and lemon orchards in 1890. The land on which Paralowie now stands was earlier owned by the Bagster family who sold it on in 1883. The Russells liked to host functions at their residence and it was reported in the press that the whole town attended celebrations here when Mafeking was successfully relived by the British forces in 1900 during the Boer War. Russells sold their Paralowie estate in 1917. A later resident of Paralowie House for many years was the state Coroner lawyer T.E.Cleland. Cleland lived at Salisbury and travelled to the Coroner’s Court by train daily rom Salisbury. Cleland served as Coroner from 1947 into the 1960s. Cleland was a pig breeder.
Chancel - Church of St Margaret Hempnall Norfolk . -in 1986 the pews were replaced by chairs, now the church is used for social events and concerts as well as services. The lady who showed me round was clearly very happy with the new layout.
It's always a thrill to meet an icon and in this photo Joni is seen posing with a true icon in the transgender community, the one and only Lucille Spencer. Ms. Spencer is a longtime veteran of the transgender lifestyle. Many consider her to be a pioneer and a legend. In her younger years, Lucille graced a number of TG magazines as a cover girl, and has managed to still maintain an attractive feminine appearance over the years which she combines with an insatiable appetite to party, which one can see in the photo above.
Anyone who is plugged into the transgender community in the New York metropolitan area is likely familiar with Lucille, and if they have ever patronized any LGBTQ clubs, bars, or social events in the area, they have probably had the pleasure of meeting her. In the photo above, lovely Lucille traveled from her home in "Lawn Guyland" (as she likes to say) all the way to South Hackensack to spend an evening with some "Joisey" girls at Amanda's Hideaway. Joni was only too happy to accept an Invite from Lucille to join her in posing for a selfie. I almost asked her for an autograph! Thanks, Lucille!
Tribal art, Warli is the vivid expression of daily and social events of the Warli tribe of Maharashtra.Warli is the name of the largest tribe found on the northern outskirts of Mumbai, in Western India. Despite being in such close proximity of the largest metropolis in India, Warli tribesmen shun all influences of modern urbanization.
These tribal paintings of Maharashtra are traditionally done in the homes of the Warlis. Painted white on mud walls, they are pretty close to pre-historic cave paintings in execution and usually depict hunting, dancing, sowing and harvesting scenes. The only colour used in creating Warli paintings is white, with occasional dots in red and yellow. This colour is obtained from grounding rice into white powder.