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As early as the seventh century, the practice of drinking tea and wine became an important part of elite culture in Korea. Elites of the Goryeo period commissioned a variety of types of utensils and vessels including this elegant tea bowl not only to make their drinking experience more exciting, but also to show their appreciation of nature.
Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918–1392)
pottery
Diameter of mouth: 17.1 cm (6 3/4 in.); Overall: 5.4 cm (2 1/8 in.)
Did you know...
The floral pattern of this bowl was created by a mold with carved patterns.
Gift of John L. Severance
H. 5 1/8 in. (13 cm)
medium: Earthenware
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 38.165.3 1938
Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1938
From ancient times, a mirror assumed various roles; a ritualistic tool, a diplomatic gift, and a luxury commodity. During the Goryeo dynasty (918-1392), which saw the great advancement of metallurgy, the royal court was the center of distributing sophisticated bronze artifacts. According to historical records, on the 7th day of the Lunar New Year, the king bestowed a bronze mirror inscribed with auspicious symbols upon each court official as part of a ceremony to celebrate the Day of Humans. This explains why a large quantity of bronze mirrors were excavated from elite tombs.
Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918–1392)
bronze
Diameter: 20.7 cm (8 1/8 in.)
Did you know...
Due to its origin as an important tool in religion and politics, mirrors are often mentioned in many Korean proverbs that warn certain behaviors.
Gift of N. M. Heeramaneck
On the base of this carnelian scarab a sphinx wearing a royal war crown reclines over the body of a fallen enemy.
Egyptian
H: 7/16 x W: 5/8 x L: 7/8 in. (1.1 x 1.6 x 2.2 cm)
medium: carnelian; mount: gold
culture: Egyptian
dynasty: 18th Dynasty
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by bequest.
H. 3 1/16 in. (7.8 cm)
medium: Molded porcelain with raised gold
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 14.40.548a, b 1914
Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913
2016 East Jordan Iron Works Watermaster hydrant, Woodward Avenue, Birmingham, Michigan. September 2019
Diam. 10 1/2 in. (26.7 cm)
medium: Stoneware
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 38.165.13 1938
Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1938
As early as the seventh century, the practice of drinking tea and wine became an important part of elite leisure culture in Korea. A wide bowl like this example was especially suitable for drinking powdered tea shaved from a compressed tea cake, the most commonly enjoyed type during the Goryeo period.
Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918–1392)
pottery
Diameter of mouth: 10.6 cm (4 3/16 in.); Overall: 4 cm (1 9/16 in.)
Did you know...
This white bowl is highly likely to have served as a tea bowl.
Gift of John L. Severance
29 3/4 x 33 3/4 x 21 1/8 in. (75.6 x 85.7 x 53.7 cm)
medium: Japanned maple, japanned white pine, white pine, japanned birch; brass
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 40.37.2 1940
Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1940
Iranian potters created transparency by piercing and glazing frit-body walls. Here, triangles and rosettes decorate incised scallops beneath the blue rim. The footed shape is derived from Iranian metal bowls.
Iran, probably Kashan, Seljuq period, late 12-early 13th century
fritware, pierced and underglaze painting
Overall: 9.8 x 18.2 cm (3 7/8 x 7 3/16 in.)
Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust
Bottles or jars (<em>kruken</em>) of this type of six-sided form are most often associated with the ceramic tradition found in Kreussen (now Creussen) in the Bavarian region of Germany during the mid to late 1600s. With a threaded neck fitted with a pewter screw top and ring, they were ideal vessels for medicinal liquids as they could be easily connected to a belt for transport to the patient. Applied decoration depicting the twelve apostles, as on this example, allude to the spiritual nature of healing.
German, Bavaria, Kreussen
salt-glazed stoneware, applied and impressed decoration, pewter
Overall: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.)
Did you know...
The applied decoration on this bottle depicts the twelve apostles.
Gift of Charles G. King Jr.
H. 5 3/4 in. (14.6 cm)
medium: Porcelain
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 38.165.38 1938
Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1938
H. 18 in. (45.7 cm); W. 9 3/4 in. (24.8 cm); Diam. of base 4 3/4 in. (12.1 cm)
medium: Porcelain
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 26.260.4a, b 1926
Bequest of Annie C. Kane, 1926
H. 3 5/8 in. (9.2 cm); Diam. 7 1/2 in. (19.1 cm)
medium: Porcelain painted in underglaze blue
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 79.2.258 1879
Purchase by subscription, 1879
Oliver Trask
1792–1847
H. 5 1/4 in. (13.3 cm)
medium: Pewter
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 40.184.20 1940
Gift of Mrs. J. Insley Blair, in memory of her husband, 1940
H. 5 in. (12.7 cm); Diam. 6 1/2 in. (16.5 cm); Diam. of rim 6 in. (15.2 cm); Diam. of foot 2 3/4 in. (7 cm)
medium: Pottery; earthenware
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 15.158 1915
Gift of Lai-Yuan & Company, through C. T. Loo, 1915
This tall, slender bronze wine vessel, called a <em>hu</em>, has three bands of ornamentation: one above the foot, one around the neck, and one on the cover. Stylized birds or phoenixes are in the band around the neck, while the band on the cover and foot feature geometric dragons. The dragon and the phoenix may represent the Yin and Yang and would be equally appropriate on a bronze of either secular or religious purposes. When inverted, the cover forms a cup. It likely held liquids like wine at festive banquets or religious ceremonies.
China, Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–771 BCE)
bronze
Overall: 46.1 cm (18 1/8 in.); without cover: 41.7 cm (16 7/16 in.)
Did you know...
The cylindrical "handles" suggest that the vessel was carried by a cord.
Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund
Although the Zhou defeated the Shang, the performance of religious rites and the casting of ceremonial bronzes continued. Zhou bronze art, nevertheless, reveals the artistic sentiments of a new era. There was as much confidence in the achievements of the living as observance of ritual duties for the dead. For example, this wine vessel combines artistic imagination with a display of strength and force. Bold images of buffalo heads with protruding horns were cast onto the middle section. Together with the four notched flanges extending downward below the flaring mouth, there is an effect of overflowing energy.
China, Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–771 BCE)
bronze
Overall: 29.5 cm (11 5/8 in.)
Gift from Howard Hollis and Company
The tripod form and painted decoration of this vessel are characteristic of the ancient central Mexican city of Teotihucana, while the ceramic ware and carved scrollwork are similar to ceramics from Veracruz. A mythical blue jaguar climbs upward, holding a dripping cloud motif in his right paw. Recent studies have shown that this vessel was extensively reconstructed in the 20th century.
Teotihuacan style
8 3/8 x 11 5/16 in. (21.3 x 28.8 cm)
medium: earthenware with polychrome stucco
style: Teotihuacán
culture: Teotihuacan style
Walters Art Museum, 2003, by gift.
Albert Bierstadt
American, Solingen 1830–1902 New York
4 3/4 x 7 3/4 in. (12.1 x 19.7 cm)
medium: Graphite on wove paper
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 1995.379.4v recto 1995
Bequest of Marguerite H. Rohlfs, 1995
Cornelius Kierstede
1674–ca. 1757
Overall: 11 3/4 x 6 7/16 x 6 7/16 in. (29.8 x 16.4 x 16.4 cm); 26 oz. 2 dwt. (811.9 g)
Candlestick (without bobeche): H. 11 1/4 in. (28.6 cm); 22 oz. 18 dwt. (712.9 g)
Bobeche: 2 3/16 x 2 13/16 x 2 3/4 in. (5.6 x 7.1 x 7 cm); 3 oz. 4 dwt. (99 g)
medium: Silver
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 64.83a, b 1964
Gift of Mrs. Clermont L. Barnwell, 1964
Diam. 12 1/8 in. (30.8 cm)
medium: Earthenware
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 38.165.19 1938
Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1938
Jacob Hurd
American, Boston, Massachusetts 1702/3–1758 Boston, Massachusetts
Overall: 1 13/16 x 8 1/8 in. (4.6 x 20.6 cm); 8 oz. 14 dwt. (270.1 g)
Lip: Diam. 5 1/4 in. (13.3 cm)
Body: Diam. 5 7/16 in. (13.8 cm)
medium: Silver
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 53.195 1953
Anonymous Gift, in memory of Robert Gordon Butler, godson of Robert Gordon, a founder of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1953
As early as the seventh century, the practice of drinking tea and wine became an important part of elite leisure culture in Korea. A wide bowl like this example was especially suitable for drinking powdered tea shaved from a compressed tea cake, the most commonly enjoyed type during the Goryeo period. The inlaid image of ducks under willow trees on the inner wall of this tea bowl may have made the moment of drinking tea much enjoyable.
Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918–1392)
celadon with inlaid design
Diameter of mouth: 19.7 cm (7 3/4 in.); Overall: 9.1 cm (3 9/16 in.)
Did you know...
This bowl with a lightly bent inward rim possibly takes the shape of an alms bowl by Buddhist monks.
Gift of John L. Severance
Although now referred to by the Greek term <em>askos,</em> because of its resemblance to the animal skins used to hold wine in ancient Greece, this ceramic shape developed in the South Italian region of Daunia (north of Apulia, on the Adriatic coast). This example is unusual for its three openings—one covered by a lid, the others spouted with built-in strainers. Its profusely painted decoration, mostly geometric and vegetal patterns applied in black with added red and white, is arranged in bands that follow the contours of the vessel.
South Italian, Daunian or Canosan
ceramic
Diameter of mouth: 14.5 cm (5 11/16 in.); Overall: 37 x 31 cm (14 9/16 x 12 3/16 in.)
Did you know...
Each spout has a built-in strainer—one near the top, the other near the bottom.
Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust
William Forbes
baptized 1799, active New York, 1826–63
Overall: 4 11/16 x 5 5/8 in. (11.9 x 14.3 cm); 15 oz. 15 dwt. (489.3 g)
Body: H. 2 1/8 in. (5.4 cm); 6 oz. 9 dwt. (201.1 g)
Cover: H. 2 5/8 in. (6.7 cm); 6 oz. (187.2 g)
Insert: 3/4 x 5 1/8 in. (1.9 x 13 cm); 3 oz. 5 dwt. (101 g)
medium: Silver
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 1981.22.7 1981
Gift of Guerdon Holden Nelson, Cyril Irwin Nelson, Nicholas Macy Nelson and Michael Underhill Nelson, in devoted memory of their grandmother, Elinor Irwin Holden, and their mother, Elise Macy Nelson, 1981
H. 2 1/2 in. (6.4 cm); Diam. 2 1/4 in. (5.7 cm)
medium: Porcelain
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 38.165.42 1938
Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1938
H. 2 1/4 in. (5.7 cm); Diam. 2 7/8 in. (7.3 cm)
medium: Porcelain with underglaze blue (Hizen ware)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 1975.268.637 1975
The Harry G. C. Packard Collection of Asian Art, Gift of Harry G. C. Packard, and Purchase, Fletcher, Rogers, Harris Brisbane Dick, and Louis V. Bell Funds, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, and The Annenberg Fund Inc. Gift, 1975
L. 57 1/8 in. (145.1 cm); L. of blade 49 1/2 in. (125.7 cm); W. 5 in. (12.7 cm); D. 4 3/4 in. (12.1 cm); Wt. 1 lb. 12 oz. (793.8 g)
medium: Steel, wood
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 04.3.41 1904
Rogers Fund, 1904
H. 7/8 in. (2.2 cm); Diam. 8 3/8 in. (21.3 cm)
medium: Stoneware (Seto ware)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 1975.268.623 1975
The Harry G. C. Packard Collection of Asian Art, Gift of Harry G. C. Packard, and Purchase, Fletcher, Rogers, Harris Brisbane Dick, and Louis V. Bell Funds, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, and The Annenberg Fund Inc. Gift, 1975
H. 2 1/4 in. (5.7 cm); Diam. 7 1/2 in. (19.1 cm)
medium: Pottery
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 15.160.8 1915
Gift of Samuel T. Peters, 1915
H. 33 in. (83.8 cm); Diam. 16 in. (40.6 cm); Diam. of rim: 12 in. (30.5 cm); Diam. of foot: 12 in. (30.5 cm)
medium: Porcelain painted in overglaze polychrome enamels (Jingdezhen ware)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 14.40.164 1914
Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913
H. 3 1/4 in. (8.3 cm); Diam. 3 3/4 in. (9.5 cm)
medium: Porcelain
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 14.40.375 1914
Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913
Three dragons, auspicious symbols for good fortune, grasp the rim of this bowl. A large <em>shou </em>(longevity) character is visible on the outside wall. Drinking cups with dragon handles were elite luxuries. The yellowish-white color and refined techniques are characteristic of Suzhou workshops that served the court, scholar-officials, and the merchant class. The optimistic attribution to Lu Zigang (late 1500s), a jade master recorded to have been active in Suzhou, suggests that its maker used the master’s name to attract wealthy clients eager to demonstrate their refined taste and connoisseurship.
China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Kangxi reign (1662-1722)
Pale gray-green white jade
Diameter: 14.6 cm (5 3/4 in.); Overall: 4.6 cm (1 13/16 in.)
Did you know...
Auspicious inscriptions on the base and front of the jade cup convey wishes for longevity.
Gift of J. H. Wade
H. 27 in. (68.6 cm)
medium: Porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over black ground (Jingdezhen ware, famille noire)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 14.40.227 1914
Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913
William Bloor's East Liverpool Porcelain Works
H. 10 3/4 in. (27.3 cm)
medium: Porcelain
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 1982.192 1982
Friends of the American Wing Fund, 1982
William Forbes
baptized 1799, active New York, 1826–63
Overall: 7 3/8 x 5 15/16 x 3 5/8 in. (18.7 x 15.1 x 9.2 cm); 14 oz. 19 dwt. (464.9 g)
Base: Daim. 3 1/16 in. (7.8 cm)
medium: Silver
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 1981.22.5 1981
Gift of Guerdon Holden Nelson, Cyril Irwin Nelson, Nicholas Macy Nelson and Michael Underhill Nelson, in devoted memory of their grandmother, Elinor Irwin Holden, and their mother, Elise Macy Nelson, 1981
Providence Flint Glass Works
1830–33
2 3/16 x 3 in. (5.6 x 7.6 cm)
medium: Lacy pressed green glass
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 51.171.110 1951
Gift of Mrs. Charles W. Green, in memory of Dr. Charles W. Green, 1951
H. 2 3/4 in. (7 cm); W. 1 1/2 in. (3.8 cm)
medium: Wood
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 10.211.2344 1910
Gift of Mrs. Russell Sage, 1910
This distinctively shaped celadon vessel is a <em>kundika. </em>With a spout on one side, this type of vessel is often used in Buddhist purification rituals. Unlike most existing examples that have an image of a willow tree, this work has a rare flying phoenix design incised on its surface. During the Goryeo period (918-1392), about 260 kilns operated in mainly Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces, meeting a soaring demand for high-end products like this example.
Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918–1392)
stoneware with celadon glaze, incised and carved decoration
Overall: 35.3 cm (13 7/8 in.)
Did you know...
Unlike most existing examples that have an image of a willow tree or lotus pond, this ewer bears an image of flying parrots delicately incised on its surface.
Gift of John L. Severance
H. 1 1/4 in. (3.2 cm); Diam. 6 1/4 in. (15.9 cm)
medium: Stoneware with iron glaze and blue-drip glaze (Shimoshirakawa Arita ware, Suisaka type)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 1975.268.578 1975
The Harry G. C. Packard Collection of Asian Art, Gift of Harry G. C. Packard, and Purchase, Fletcher, Rogers, Harris Brisbane Dick, and Louis V. Bell Funds, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, and The Annenberg Fund Inc. Gift, 1975
H. 19 in. (48.3 cm)
medium: Porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over a yellow ground (Jingdezhen ware, famille jaune), silver mouth rim
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY 14.40.421 1914
Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913
Dish with Carved Floral Design, 1100s–1200s. South China, Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279). Porcelain with pale bluish-white (qingbai) glaze; overall: 4.5 x 18 cm (1 3/4 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift 2020.183
More at clevelandart.org/art/2020.183