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Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
Bologna, massacre of august,the 2nd. (85 morti, 200 feriti -08/02/1980)
A massacre studied, prearranged.
Raving strategy of terror
programmed by great hatred.
Choiced the inauspicious day of the action.
Choiced a public place:the station.
Choiced cynically our and moment
amog those of greatest crowding:
Cool calculation, pitiless execution
towara the final act, the explosicy.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
the deadly year was placed.
By following the plot of distorted minds,
the fasist killer carried the death
Hided on the botton of heavy bundle
an arm was ready to the insane trap.
According to the plan from time traced
directed his steps toward the indicated place.
the death and the killer crossed the threshold,
he put the gear, she put the shroud.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
All from time has been recomposed.
On the debris and the contorded irons
the same walls have rose.
There's always besides, smooth and whitish
a common marble plate
that has the names incised in file
of many that did not know his destiny cowardly killed.
Humble stone on the fresh wall
put at eternal remember.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
By many years awaited, justice has replied.
The law has reached the fierce killers
but not the leaders, only the followers.
In this way repeat themselves the known places
where the principal remain unknown.
Compelled in the limits already definite
the inquiry stops with too many unpunished,
and they covered, powerful and wike,
always threaten fanatic massacres.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
The just man is no more inclined.
He refuses the partial and precarios verditct,
is opposed at letting down on curtain.
He sollicits the top nan to do full light
on those which finance and conduct the attempts.
He reaffirms that a massacre how this
pretends justice not only in half.
And he throws a warning: IT DON'T SERVES TO FILE,
ITALY, AUGUST,THE 2nd, WILL CAN REMEMBER!
Poetry of Corrado Baroncini
Traduzione di Piero Tabarroni.
-----------
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto,
Un eccidio studiato, predisposto.
Strategia delirante del terrore
programmata con livido furore.
Scelto l'infausto giorno dell'azione.
Scelto un pubblico luogo;la stazione.
Scelti cinicamente ora e momento
tra quelli del maggiore affollamento.
Freddo calcolo, spietata esecuzione
sino all'atto finale, l'esplosione.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il micidiale ordigno fu deposto.
Seguendo la trama di menti distorte
sicario fascista portava la morte.
Calata sul fondo del grave fardello
un'arma era pronta al folle tranello.
Secondo il disegno da tempo tracciato
diresse i suoi passi sul luogo indicato.
Varcaron la soglia la morte e il sicario,
lui pose l'ordigno, lei stese il sudario.
Bologna, strage del 2 agosto.
Tutto da tempo è stato ricomposto.
Sulle memorie e i ferri contorti
gli stessi muri sono risorti.
C'è solo in più, liscia e biancastra,
una comune marmorea lastra
che porta i nomi in fila incisi
di tanti ignari vilmente uccisi.
Umile pietra sul fresco muro
posta a ricordo imperituro.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Per anni invocata, giustizia ha risposto.
La legge ha raggiunto i biechi sicari,
ma non i gerarchi, soltanto gregari.
Così si ripetono i luoghi già noti
nei quali i mandanti rimangono ignoti.
Costretta nei limiti già definiti
l'indagine chiude con troppi impuniti,
e loro coperti. potenti e malvagi
minacciano sempre fanatiche stragi.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il giusto all'oblio non è più disposto.
Rifiuta il verdetto parziale e precario,
si oppone che venga calato il sipario.
Sollecita l'alto a far piena luce
su chi gli attentati finanzia e conduce.
Riafferma che eccidio di tale entità
pretende giustizia non solo metà.
E un monito lancia: NON SERVE ARCHIVIARE,
L'ITALIA IL 2 AGOSTO SAPRA' RICORDARE!
Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
Bologna, massacre of august,the 2nd. (85 morti, 200 feriti -08/02/1980)
A massacre studied, prearranged.
Raving strategy of terror
programmed by great hatred.
Choiced the inauspicious day of the action.
Choiced a public place:the station.
Choiced cynically our and moment
amog those of greatest crowding:
Cool calculation, pitiless execution
towara the final act, the explosicy.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
the deadly year was placed.
By following the plot of distorted minds,
the fasist killer carried the death
Hided on the botton of heavy bundle
an arm was ready to the insane trap.
According to the plan from time traced
directed his steps toward the indicated place.
the death and the killer crossed the threshold,
he put the gear, she put the shroud.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
All from time has been recomposed.
On the debris and the contorded irons
the same walls have rose.
There's always besides, smooth and whitish
a common marble plate
that has the names incised in file
of many that did not know his destiny cowardly killed.
Humble stone on the fresh wall
put at eternal remember.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
By many years awaited, justice has replied.
The law has reached the fierce killers
but not the leaders, only the followers.
In this way repeat themselves the known places
where the principal remain unknown.
Compelled in the limits already definite
the inquiry stops with too many unpunished,
and they covered, powerful and wike,
always threaten fanatic massacres.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
The just man is no more inclined.
He refuses the partial and precarios verditct,
is opposed at letting down on curtain.
He sollicits the top nan to do full light
on those which finance and conduct the attempts.
He reaffirms that a massacre how this
pretends justice not only in half.
And he throws a warning: IT DON'T SERVES TO FILE,
ITALY, AUGUST,THE 2nd, WILL CAN REMEMBER!
Poetry of Corrado Baroncini
Traduzione di Piero Tabarroni.
-----------
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto,
Un eccidio studiato, predisposto.
Strategia delirante del terrore
programmata con livido furore.
Scelto l'infausto giorno dell'azione.
Scelto un pubblico luogo;la stazione.
Scelti cinicamente ora e momento
tra quelli del maggiore affollamento.
Freddo calcolo, spietata esecuzione
sino all'atto finale, l'esplosione.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il micidiale ordigno fu deposto.
Seguendo la trama di menti distorte
sicario fascista portava la morte.
Calata sul fondo del grave fardello
un'arma era pronta al folle tranello.
Secondo il disegno da tempo tracciato
diresse i suoi passi sul luogo indicato.
Varcaron la soglia la morte e il sicario,
lui pose l'ordigno, lei stese il sudario.
Bologna, strage del 2 agosto.
Tutto da tempo è stato ricomposto.
Sulle memorie e i ferri contorti
gli stessi muri sono risorti.
C'è solo in più, liscia e biancastra,
una comune marmorea lastra
che porta i nomi in fila incisi
di tanti ignari vilmente uccisi.
Umile pietra sul fresco muro
posta a ricordo imperituro.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Per anni invocata, giustizia ha risposto.
La legge ha raggiunto i biechi sicari,
ma non i gerarchi, soltanto gregari.
Così si ripetono i luoghi già noti
nei quali i mandanti rimangono ignoti.
Costretta nei limiti già definiti
l'indagine chiude con troppi impuniti,
e loro coperti. potenti e malvagi
minacciano sempre fanatiche stragi.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il giusto all'oblio non è più disposto.
Rifiuta il verdetto parziale e precario,
si oppone che venga calato il sipario.
Sollecita l'alto a far piena luce
su chi gli attentati finanzia e conduce.
Riafferma che eccidio di tale entità
pretende giustizia non solo metà.
E un monito lancia: NON SERVE ARCHIVIARE,
L'ITALIA IL 2 AGOSTO SAPRA' RICORDARE!
Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
2018 February Alphabet Month
The verdict is in: The Jewel Thief has been sentenced to jail. The evidence on the table clearly put her away. The lawyer filed a brief, but the judge said it was too brief. But this judge did not want any clowning around in his courtroom. He demanded odor in the court. And he got odor alright!
2018 February 19
Comments appreciated as much as faves!
ORIGINS
In 2085 the Orbital Gateway decloaked and appeared from the dark side of the moon. Drop Ships from World #2785 shattered the tranquillity of Earth soon after. The Ministry from Dimension X had arrived to spread their Gospel of Death.
ABOUT THE “DEATH SENTENCE” MECH
The Name "Death Sentence" was thought to have originated from the unlucky units who were sent to fight it. In actual fact the moniker was adopted by the Pilots of the mech division itself.
The mech is comprised of an organic exoskeleton and a Titanium-Ceranium metal alloy base. It has been invigorated by "Technomancy" (technological necromancy).
The mech does not use an atomic fuel core as per human technology, rather it is powered by Soul- Fusion technomancy (The CND Logo has been painted on by support Crew to mock Earth Mech pilots). A Pilots soul will power the mech for up to 1 year, exertion such as combat or self repair rapidly depletes this time frame leaving visible signs of physical degradation. Organic batteries (human sacrifices) can remove the leeching effect temporarily but piloting the mech is effectively a martyrdom. The memories and experiences of every pilot the mech bonds with are absorbed along with its life-force. In this way even "green" recruits are instant combat veterans.
ARMAMENTS
All Mechs are armed with short range shoulder mounted neural toxin shells and Hellfire "Barbecue" Missiles which incapacitate or burn rather than kill instantly. Carapace mounted tear gas and smoke launchers are also standard. The Right arm has fixed "baby monitor" which can pinpoint the atomic signature of any opposing mechs within a five mile radius. The Mechs primary armament and weapon load out, depends on its mission deployment.
This Mech is equipped with a Plexiglass/Kevlar composite shield & Vibro Katana for mech to mech combat.
When one this sentence into German translate wanted, could one the fact exploit, that the word order and the punctuation already with the German conventions agree.
Thank you.
View On Black · ƒ/3.5 is too wide for this level of magnification, it seems. Lesson learned.
Sentenced to drift far away now,
Nothing is quite what it seems,
Sometimes entangled in your own dreams.
I couldn't help but notice that these beautiful flowers were doomed to spend the rest of their life in their potted prison.
June 1977. Penn Central Baldwin DRS-4-4-1000 8302's life is over in June of 1977. It's death sentence has been spray painted under the cab: "Naporano Iron & Metal Co, Foot of Hawkins St., Newark, New Jersey, Conrail Delivery, 25 Miles Per HR"
"A scrupulous writer, in every sentence that he writes, will ask himself at least four questions, thus: What am I trying to say? What words will express it? What image or idiom will make it clearer? Is this image fresh enough to have an effect? And he will probably ask himself two more: Could I put it more shortly? Have I said anything that is avoidably ugly?" - George Orwell [in his essay Politics and the English Language]
It all began over a century ago when a druggist from Waco, Texas Ed Dismuke at the age of 40 was given a death sentence from his doctors. Mr. Dismuke was advised that there was no remedy for his ailing stomach and was told to prepare himself for his journey beyond his life. Being the state-of-the-art apothecary, he refused to believe this and began a search for a cure.
Ed Dismuke did not have to go far. He headed northwest about 100 miles to an acclaimed health resort town tucked away in the beautiful Palo Pinto Mountains. In the town of Mineral Wells, the pharmacist went on a drinking binge of mineral water and his ailments disappeared. He quickly sold his 25 year old pharmacy in Waco and moved lock, stock and ambition to Mineral Wells.
It was in 1904 that Ed Dismuke founded the Famous Mineral Water Company establishing himself as one of the town’s premier purveyors of the health-giving elixir. The Famous Pavilion was built in 1914, complete with a game parlor and a fortune telling booth. Drawing from his background, the successful pharmacist and author of “Dismuke’s Handy Formulas”, his book which sold nation wide, developed products from the curative waters. The nationally sought after products Pronto-lax, Residuum, Dismuke’s Famous Crystals and Dismuke’s Eyebath were an outstanding success.
Dismuke’s timing was perfect. Mineral Wells already had a worldwide reputation for its “Crazy Water” after curing a woman suffering from a nervous condition drank from a mineral well in the late 1800’s. Health seekers from all over the globe flooded to this tiny mountain community by the thousands every year. Mineral Wells, from the 1900’s to the 1950’s, was known to be the premier Spa Resort Town in Southern United States. People came to drink and bathe in the healing mineral waters.
Nearly 6 decades later, shortly before his death, Dismuke noted that his Waco doctors had been dead for a long time. “The only thing wrong with me is old age”, he told reporters after his 97th birthday. Claiming he was never again treated by doctors after beginning his daily regimen of Famous mineral water and Proto-Lax, Dismuke devotedly promoted the mineral waters’ health giving properties. Mr. Dismuke was born March 6, 1860 in Louisiana, MO and died November 6, 1957 at age 97 after falling and breaking his hip. He is buried in Elmwood cemetery in Mineral Wells.
Not a life sentence he said....
Bad experience, Bad feelings, Bad memories,
all swept under the carpet, forget, keep busy, move on,
they taught us all.
=
Child hurting, child abused, Child not wanting to except parent is to blame. Shame and name themselves they have been taught hide the truth pretend it didn't happen, dance my dance if you want my warmth back completely controlled by lower natures.
=
NOT A LIFE SENTENCE, escape, as soon as pos from any bad feelings. Escape the prison of self, condemnation, hate, self judgement and criticism ready to hand on to next generation and the next and the next designed for eternity of ancestral trauma handed on 7 generations we are told. IT'S YOUR LOT. The sins of the fathers may have been our shackles, ball and chains, Prison and housing our hearts and minds.
=
NO MORE...STOP...SHAKE IT OFF
learn from it all then step up,
Grow, evolve,
move on be free fly the cup of sorrow has been drained to its dregs
Fly sweet hearts Fly free as you have been designed to do.
I am going to risk putting myself out on a limb here (oh god, not even beyond the first sentence without a pun, bodes ill this does), but I want to discuss a bit about what makes photography...worthwhile, at least on a personal level. It is often a bit awkward for me to tackle such subjects in a forum such as Flickr, much easier to discuss things like this in a more personal nature, I often worry that tone or intent will be misconstrued. A small worry, but a bit of one nonetheless. Mainly because I don't want to sound like a know-it-all. I don't, in case you wondered. And as I often say, I don't even necessarily believe much of what I write to be true. I am perfectly capable of being wrong as well. But it is not really the being wrong or right, for which I write, it is the attempt to make myself more aware of how I think and act in regards to photography that is a valuable exercise in and of itself. Hence these "essays".
But moving on now. I get a fair number of e-mails, of which I try to answer most every one. My photography does a fair amount of inspiring ( a good thing, which always flatters me) but it also does a fair amount of impressing ( less of a good thing). I get a lot of e-mails asking for advice, which I happily give even if I never really feel like I know exactly what to say. Seems like such a simple question, but each time I wonder if I managed to say just the right thing to fan the flame of their creative spark, or if I missed the target altogether.
Anyway, I was laying on the couch just now, trying to drift off and take a nap and my brain had other ideas, some of them good enough that I decided to get up and make a post of them regarding the value we assign our photography, because this is an important concept when it comes to becoming a better photographer, in my opinion.
First off: Your photography is not limited by your camera, nor your lens. It is not limited by shutter speeds, aperture, film, focus, flash, white balance, color, black and white, grain, noise, etc. It is not limited by your budget nor your education. It is not, and I repeat, not, limited by light. It is certainly not limited by where you live or where you go. Your photography is limited simply and quite importantly, only by your own imagination and vision. All those factors I mentioned (and more) can certainly affect your photography, but ultimately you make of it what you will. Photography begins and ends with the photographer, the best light in the world, or most advanced metering system will not change that.
Second: Getting published is great. So is selling photographs. Making explorer can be flattering. So is getting hundreds of comments and favorites. Being profiled with a book or on TV is impressive. A long resume of accomplishments always looks nice. So does a polished portfolio of stunning images that draws oohs and aahs. But when it comes down to it, all this stuff is icing on the cake. Sweet but not too fulfilling. Whether you are just starting out in photography or not, but particularly if you are, don't approach it thinking one or more of things these have to be accomplished before you become a worthwhile photographer. As I said above, all your photography begins and ends with you, not with Popular Photography Magazine or MOMA or contest prizes or Explorer hits.
Your photography will never be more valuable than the value you place in it that split second before you hit the shutter button.
What matters most happens before the picture is even taken, not after. The worth of your photography is in what gets you up at 4 am in the morning to brave freezing conditions in hopes of a sunrise. It is what makes you follow your children around all day long patiently snapping frame after frame. It is what causes you to drive for miles, or walk them, in search of that moment, be it in the middle of a sprawling urban landscape or a natural one. It is significantly in what keeps you picking up that camera as the fractions of seconds become days, the days months, the months pool into years, and beyond. It is in this desire to see, to experience, to feel, to celebrate, to remember, to be a part of, to be amazed or amused, that you will find what makes your photography worthwhile. Everything that comes after the snap of the shutter is merely added drama, and it is never as important as you think it is.
If you can take this to heart, and mind, to shoot more freely from so many of these false limitations that we impose on ourselves way too often, the most common of which is to model your photography off of other people's expectations of it. Then you will also discover that the most important thing is to pursue your photography in a way that is your own. Make your photography yours, it will show.
And I will be honest, regardless of how lucid I described what I am hoping I described, or how easy I made it sound, the process is neither to go through, at least for me it wasn't. It does not happen overnight. Sometimes the proverbial lightbulb will switch on, but count yourself lucky if you experience this. I think most people reach that point by stumbling through murky gray areas feeling out their own creative nature. And this is something important to remember too. All those really good photographers you look up to and wish to emulate? They were all awkward novices at one point too. Stumbling along lost at times themselves. If a photographer tries to tell you otherwise, he is either full of himself (or herself) or has an awful memory. Really, one of the most important traits to adopt in your photography is not actually creativity, but dedication. You know, long term patience. Passion helps too. Passion is fuel for dedication.
Hmm, this is about the part where I finally decided to get up and start typing, so this is kind of the end of this train of thought (sorry another bad pun to close this out). I do hope some of this helps. I sometimes think photography is all about vision, but not always in terms of how well we see what is in front of us, quite often it involves how we see ourselves too. We each come with all the truly essential tools we need to be good photographers, but make no mistake, we can still do quite a bit to sabotage our own abilities if we aren't aware of the subversive ways in which we do it.
In terms of this photo, I took this one night a month or so ago out shooting the St. Johns Bridge with Aaron. In fact you can see his shot taken right beside me here. I figured the bridge would make a good subject to accompany what I wanted (to try) to say today.
Thanks again for reading along this far.
Challenge -Complete the Sentence 2
Owner : Gibby Frogett
Art work by me. |Hugs,1Westie xxx
Link to challenge :
www.flickr.com/groups/3940040@N21/discuss/721577219212839...
Hades
Sentenced to find their true Self
And some of the "Hell-Drivers" return - wise... :-)
HKD
Zur Selbsterkenntnis Verurteilte
Man kommt nicht nach dem Tod in die Hölle, die Erde, das Leben unter bestimmten äußeren oder psychischen Bedingungen ist die Hölle. Die glühenden Emotionen, die nicht ausgelebt werden dürfen und unterdrückt werden müssen, das ist die Hölle. Selbstverurteilung, Selbstunterdrückung und Selbstkasteiung, das ist die innere Hölle.
Die äußere Hölle erleben jene, die von Krieg oder Katastrophen heimgesucht werden. Menschen, die an ihrer Psyche leiden, die Psychopathen, sie erleben die Hölle. Manche vergessen in ihrem Leid, dass es einen Wiederaufstieg gibt. Die Auferstehung als Metapher ist eine psychisch erfahrbare Möglichkeit. Die griechische Göttin Persephone (Hades’ Gattin) zeigt in ihrem Mythos, dass man die eine Hälfte des Jahres in der Unter- und die andere Hälfte in der Oberwelt verbringen kann. Das ergibt die Weisheit der Tiefe mit den Freuden und Festen des Olymp. Gute Aussichten für Psychonauten und Unterweltreisende. Der unangenehme Spaß hat einen Sinn…
HKD
Urbex Session : Abandoned Morgue
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Thanks ;)
My website : www.spiritofdecay.com
Candid street shot, Hoi An Vietnam.
----------
Candid shots don't give your subject time to compose themselves. So sometimes you get this sort of Mid-sentence look.
77 years later, in 1898, Spain is again defeated, this time in Cuba, surrendering on this day in Santiago, Cuba.
In 180 - Christenen Cittinus/Donatus/Natzalus/Secunda/Speratus/Vestia sentenced to death in Carthago
180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
561 - John III begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Pelagius I
855 - St Leo IV ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1054 - Emperor Henry III crowns his son Henry IV king
1070 - Arnulf III the Hapless becomes earl of Flanders
1203 - Venetianen conquer Constantinople, emperor Alexius III flees
1245 - Pope bans emperor Frederik II Hohenstaufen for 3rd time
1393 - Osmanen occupy Turnovo, Bulgaria
1429 - Dauphin crowned king of France
1453 - 1st battle at Castillon: French beat English troops
1473 - Charles the Stout conquerors Nijmegen
1509 - Venice recaptures Padua
1549 - Jews are expelled from Ghent Belgium
1552 - Siena drives Spanish troops out of Verdun
1583 - Spanish & Walloon troops conquer Dunkerk
1585 - English secret service discovers Anthony Babingtons murder plot against queen Elizabeth I
1596 - At 10:30AM Dutch explorer Willem Barents arrives at Novaya Zemlya
1603 - Sir Walter Ralegh arrested
1686 - A meeting takes place at Lüneburg between several Protestant powers in order to discuss the formation of an 'evangelical' league of defence, called the 'Confederatio Militiae Evangelicae', against the Catholic League.
1712 - England, Portugal & France sign ceasefire [or 19th]
1727 - Simon van Slingelandt appointed Dutch pension advisor
1740 - Prospero Lambertini chosen Pope Benedictus XIV
1762 - Catherine II becomes tsar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia.
1774 - Capt Cook arrives at New Hebrides (Vanuata)
1775 - 1st military hospital approved
1788 - Russian fleet destroys Swedish
1791 - Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing as many as 50 people.
1794 - African Church of St Thomas in Philadelphia, dedicated
1794 - Richard Allen organizes Phila's Bethel African Meth Episcopal Church
1815 - Napoleonic Wars: In France, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort, Charente-Maritime to British forces.
1821 - Spain cedes Florida to US
1841 - British humor magazine "Punch" 1st published
1850 - Harvard Observatory takes 1st photograph of a star (Vega)
1856 - Sunday school excursion train collides killing 46 children (Phila)
1856 - The Great Train Wreck of 1856 occurs in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania killing over 60 people.
1861 - Congress authorizes paper money
1861 - Manassas, VA Gen Beauregard requests reinforcements for his 22,000 men, Gen Johnston is ordered to Manassas
1862 - Naval Engagement at Pascagoula River MS: USS Potomac Expedition
1862 - US army authorized to accept blacks as laborers
1862 - United army officially divides corps
1862 - R John Hunt Morgan:Cynthiana, KY CS24 US17 Skirmish at Columbia, TN
1863 - Battle of Honey Springs - largest battle in Indian Territory
1864 - CSA President Davis replaces Gen Joe Johnston with John Bell Hood
1866 - Italian fleet under adm Persano capture Austrian Fort Lissa
1867 - 1st US dental school, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, established
1879 - 1st railroad opens in Hawaii
1890 - Cecil Rhodes becomes premier of Cape colony
1893 - Arthur Shrewsbury is 1st to score 1,000 runs in Test Cricket
1897 - 1st ship arrives in Seattle carrying gold from Yukon
1898 - Spanish American War-Spaniards surrender to US at Santiago Cuba
1900 - NY Giant Christy Mathewson begins career losing to Bkln Superbas
1902 - Orioles forfeit to St Louis having only 5 players available to play they then forfeit their franchise back to the AL
1911 - Overthrown shah of Persia Mohammed Ali lands on Astrabad with army
1912 - IAF (Intl Amateur Athletic Federation) forms in Sweden
1914 - Giants outfielder Red Murray is knocked unconscious by lightning after catching a flyball, ending 21 inning game, Giants win 3-1
1915 - Italian offensive at Isonzo
1917 - British Royal family changes its name from Hanover to Windsor
1918 - Longest errorless game, Cubs beat Phillies 2-1 in 21 innings
1919 - Finland adopts constitution
1919 - Yanks 21 hits, Browns 17 hits Browns win 7-6 in 17, on squeeze play
1922 - Curacao harbor workers begin strike under Felix Chacuto
1922 - Ty Cobb gets 5 hits in a game for record 4th time in a year
1923 - Carl Mays gave up 13 runs & 20 hits in 13-0 lose to Indians
1924 - St Louis Card Jesse Haines no-hits Boston Braves, 5-0
1925 - Tris Speaker, is 5th to get 3,000 hits
1926 - Paavo Nurmi walks world record 4x1500m (16:11.4)
1929 - USSR drops diplomatic relations with China
1933 - After successfully crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the Lithuanian research aircraft Lituanica crashes in Europe under mysterious circumstances.
1934 - Babe Ruth draws his 2,000th base on balls at Cleveland
1935 - Variety's famous headline "Sticks Nix Hick Pix"
1936 - Carl Hubbell begins winning streak, beating Pittsburgh 6-0
1936 - Military uprising under Gen Franco/begins Spanish civil war
1938 - Douglas (Wrong Way) Corrigan leaves NY for LA, wound up in Ireland
1939 - 22nd PGA Championship: Henry Picard at Pomonok CC Flushing NY
1941 - NY Yankee Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak ends in Cleveland
1942 - 3' of rain falls on Pennsylvania, flooding kills 15
1942 - Estimated 34.5" (87.5 cm) of rainfall, Smethport, Pa (state record)
1942 - Transport nr 6 departs with French Jews to nazi-Germany
1943 - RAF bombs Germany rocket base Peenemunde
1944 - 2 ammunition ships explodes at Port Chicago, California kills 322
1944 - Russian troops cross river Bug/march into Poland
1945 - Potsdam Conference (FDR, Stalin, Churchill) holds 1st meeting
1948 - Israeli army captures Nazareth
1948 - Proclamation of constitution of Republic of (South) Korea
1950 - Indonesian troops land on Buru, South-Molukka
1951 - King Leopold II of Belgium gives up throne to son Boudouin I
1951 - Western New England College in Springfield, Massachusetts is chartered.
1952 - Shah of Persia named Ghavam Sultaneh premier
1954 - 1st major league game where majority of team is black (Dodgers)
1954 - Construction begins on Disneyland. . .
1954 - Theodor Heuss re-elected president of West Germany
1955 - Disneyland opens its doors in rural Orange County
1955 - Arco Idaho becomes 1st US city lit by nuclear power
1955 - Disneyland televises its grand opening in Anaheim, California.
1958 - King Hussein declares himself head of Jordan/Iraqi federation
1958 - Peter Shaffer's "Five Finger Exercise," premieres in London
1958 - US performs atmospheric nuclear Test at Enwetak
1959 - 2,000 ft long by 1,300 foot wide section of ridge falls into Madis
1959 - Dr Leakey discovers oldest human skull (600,000 years old)
1959 - Tibet abolishes serfdom
1959 - River Canyon extending man-made Lake Hebgen by 5 miles. (Montana)
1961 - John Chancellor becomes news anchor of Today Show
1961 - Roger Maris loses a HR (of his 61) due to a rain-out in 5th
1961 - Ford Frick rules that if anyone breaks Babe Ruth 60 HR record, it must be done in 1st 154 games
1962 - East Berliner Peter Fechter flees over Berlin Wall
1962 - Robert White in X-15 sets altitude record of 108 km (354,300 ft)
1962 - Senate rejects medicare for aged
1962 - US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site
1963 - Telstar soccer team forms in Ijmuiden
1964 - Don Campbell sets record for turbine vehicle, 690.91 kph (429.31 mph)
1964 - Great Britain performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site
1965 - WLCY (now WTSP) TV channel 10 in St Petersburg-Tampa, FL (ABC) begins
1966 - "It's a Bird... It's Superman" closes at Alvin NYC after 129 perfs
1966 - Clifford Ann Creed wins LPGA Lady Carling Golf Open
1966 - Indians set club record by hitting 7 HR in 15-2 win over Detroit
1966 - Jim Ryun sets mile record (3m51s3)
1966 - Pioneer 7 launched
1967 - Monkees perform at Forest Hills NY, Jimi Hendrix is opening act
1967 - Race riots in Cairo Illinois
1968 - Beatle's animated film "Yellow Submarine" premieres in London
1968 - Revolt in Iraq
1970 - 30,000 attend Randall's Island Rock Festival, NYC
1971 - Kathy Whitworth/Judy Kimball wins LPGA Four-Ball Golf Championship
1972 - 1st 2 women begin training as FBI agents at Quantico
1973 - Military coup in Afghanistan; King Mohammad Zahir Shah flees
1974 - 1st quadrophonic studio in UK is open by Moody Blues
1974 - Bob Gibson becomes 2nd pitcher to strike-out 3,000 (Cesar Geronimo)
1974 - France performs nuclear Test at Muruora Island
1974 - John Lennon is ordered to leave US in 60 days
1975 - Apollo 18 & Soyuz 19 make 1st US/USSR linkup in space
1975 - Ringo Starr & Maureen Cox divorce
1976 - 21st modern Olympic games opens in Montreal
1976 - Indonesian president Suharto annexes East Timor
1976 - The opening of the Summer Olympics is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the New Zealand team.
1977 - Joanne Carner wins LPGA Borden Golf Classic
1978 - NY Yank manager Billy Martin & Reggie Jackson fight in dug out
1978 - Reggie Jackson refusal to bunt causes mgr Billy Martin to suspend him
1979 - 50th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 7-6 at Kingdome, Seattle
1979 - All star MVP: Dave Parker (Pitts Pirates)
1979 - David Gower 200* in England score of 5-633 v India at Edgbaston
1979 - Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza flees to Miami
1979 - Sebastian Coe runs world record 3:49 mile in Oslo
1979 - Simone Veil becomes chairman of European Parliament
1980 - Bolivian military coup; general Garcia Meza becomes president
1980 - Ronald Reagan formally accepts Republican nomination for president
1980 - Zenko Suzuki becomes premier of Japan
1981 - "This is Burlesque" closes at Princess Theater NYC after 28 perfs
1981 - Humbar Estuary Bridge, UK, world's longest span (1.4 km), opens
1981 - Israeli bombers destroy PLO/al-Fatah headquarters in Beirut
1981 - Lobby Walkways at KC's Hyatt Regency collapse 114 die, 200 injured
1981 - USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1981 - Fulton County (Atlanta) grand jury indicts Wayne B William 23 year old photographers, for murder of 2 of 28 blacks killed in Atlanta
1983 - 112th British Golf Open: Tom Watson shoots a 275 at Royal Birkdale
1983 - 1st USFL championship (Mich Panthers beats Phila Stars 24-22)
1983 - Beth Daniel wins LPGA McDonald's Kids Golf Classic
1984 - Pierre Mauroy resigns as premier of France
1984 - Soyuz T-12 carries 3 cosmonauts to space station Salyut 7
1986 - Emmy 13th Daytime Award presentation - Susan Lucci loses for 7th time
1987 - "Les Miserables," opens at Imperial Theatre, Tokyo
1987 - 10 teens die in Guadalupe River flood (Comfort, Tx)
1987 - Don Mattingly is 2nd to hit HRs in 7 straight AL games (en route to 8)
1987 - Dow Jones closes above 2,500 (2,510.04) for 1st time
1987 - Iran & France breaks diplomatic relations
1988 - 117th British Golf Open: Seve Ballesteros shoots 273 at Royal Lytham
1988 - 4 Billion tv-viewers watch Mandela's 70th Birthday Tribute
1988 - Colleen Walker wins LPGA Boston Five Golf Classic
1988 - Florence Griffith Joyner of USA sets 100m woman's record (10.49)
1988 - Highest temperature ever recorded in San Francisco, 103°F (39°C)
1989 - 1st Test flight of US stealth-bomber
1989 - Paul McCartney releases "This One"
1989 - Reds reliever Kent Tekulve retires after 1,070 appearances
1990 - Hussein's Revolutionary Day speech claims Kuwait stole oil from Iraq
1990 - NY Yankee Deion Sanders hits an inside park homer
1990 - PLO-leader Jasser Arrafat marries Soha Tawil in Tunis
1990 - Minn Twins become 1st team to turn 2 triple plays in a game but lose to Boston Red Sox 1-0
1992 - Slovak parliament asks for self rule
1993 - Graeme Obree bicycles world record time, 51,596 km
1994 - 123rd British Golf Open: Nick Price shoots a 268 at Turnberry Scotland
1994 - Beth Daniel wins LPGA JAL Big Apple Golf Classic
1994 - Brazil beats Italy in a shoot out, for their 4th soccer world cup
1994 - French youngster (4) becomes Buddhist Lama Tulkou Kalou Rinpoche
1994 - Hulk Hogan beats Ric Flair to win WCW wrestling championship
1995 - Forbes Mag announces Bill Gates is the richest man in world ($12.9B)
1996 - 230 people die when TWA 800 crashes outside of NYC
1996 - Yank John Weteland blows save after record 24 consecutive saves
1996 - TWA Flight 800: Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound TWA Boeing 747 explodes, killing all 230 on board.
1997 - STS 94 (Columbia 23), lands
1998 - Russia buries tsar Nicholas II & family, 80 years after they died
2005 - Tiger Woods wins his 10th major winning The British Open Championship by 5 strokes. Woods becomes only the second golfer, after Jack Nicklaus, to win each major more than once
2007 - TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas) Flight 3054 crashes upon landing during rain in São Paulo. This is Brazil's deadliest aviation accident to date with an estimated 199 deaths.
2009 - Jakarta double bombings at the JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton Hotels killed 9 people including 4 foreigners.
Commute that sentence...
or
Get Pushed - Round 12
For this round, I was paired up with Elodie - another incredibly talented photographer currently in England - be sure to check out her work - it's fantastic!
Elodie's challenge to me went like this: "I tried to think of what would push you out of your comfort zone and noticed you didn't have that many people shots. So what I'd like you to do is to take a candid shot, but not a simple candid of people say walking in the street, one that really tells a story. The story can be left to the interpretation, or you can tell us what story YOU make up from the scene."
I was very excited about this, but of course a little apprehensive - I don't do much of this and I didn't want to cheat and use people I know. Another difficulty in this is that it gets dark a bit earlier now, so by the time I get home from work, it's almost too late to shoot. So today I headed toward the train station in Elgin - a place i knew I would find people.
Here's my story - what's yours?
Meet Sam - Sam has just gotten off the 551 commuter train from Chicago to Elgin. There was only a couple paragraphs left in the chapter in the latest Sookie Stackhouse novel and just couldn't put his book down during the to walk to his car. Will Sookie make it through this harrowing situation? Well, he's determined to find out - and hopefully before he puts his car in drive...
See another version below in the comments - I liked both post work and couldn't decide...
Charles Burns was sentenced to 3 months at Newcastle City Gaol for the crime - false pretences.
Age (on discharge): 19
Height: 5.5
Hair: Dark
Eyes: Hazel
Place of Birth: Liverpool
Status: Single
Occupation: Miner
These photographs are of convicted criminals in Newcastle between 1871 - 1873.
Reference:TWAS: PR.NC/6/1/1253
(Copyright) We're happy for you to share this digital image within the spirit of The Commons. Please cite 'Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums' when reusing. Certain restrictions on high quality reproductions and commercial use of the original physical version apply though; if you're unsure please email archives@twmuseums.org.uk.
To purchase a hi-res copy please email archives@twmuseums.org.uk quoting the title and reference number.
Shot through thick, cloudy glass. Played with it in photoshop. The face came out decent There is noise on shoulder area. I just thought he looked so sad in his confined living quarters.
Cut-paper collage postcard. The French sentence, "Parfois le rire de Dada fait pousser une chimère," means "Sometimes Dada's laugh makes a chimera grow." (A chimera is a mythical beast composed of three different creatures.) Foot is that of a Rüppell's vulture (Gyps rueppellii), resident of the African plains. Middle section is the stinky part of a wild arum (Arum maculatum), related to the famous giant corpse flower. The human (Homo sapiens) is from a 1950s ad by Clipper Craft men's clothes for their "Mr. Cool" suit. Speech bubble is from Haunted comics.
I'm so frustrated with new Flickr, I may not be uploading here anymore. I thought I might get used to how ugly and dysfunctional it is, but my feelings are getting worse, not better. This article says it better than I could. My page at ipernity is here.
Heavily inspired by Profound Whatever. I wish it were as neatly layed out, but I have neither his talent nor his graphics tools.
The Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum is a museum chronicling the Cambodian genocide. Located in Phnom Penh, the site is a former secondary school which was used as Security Prison 21 (S-21; Khmer: មន្ទីរស-២១) by the Khmer Rouge regime from 1975 until its fall in 1979. From 1976 to 1979, an estimated 20,000 people were imprisoned at Tuol Sleng and it was one of between 150 and 196 torture and execution centers established by the Khmer Rouge. On 26 July 2010, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia convicted the prison's chief, Kang Kek Iew, for crimes against humanity and grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. He died on 2 September 2020 while serving a life sentence.
To accommodate the victims of purges that were important enough for the attention of the Khmer Rouge, a new detention center was planned in the building that was formerly known as Tuol Svay Prey High School, named after a royal ancestor of King Norodom Sihanouk, the five buildings of the complex were converted in March or April 1976 into a prison and an interrogation center. Before, other buildings in town were used already as prison S-21. The Khmer Rouge renamed the complex "Security Prison 21" (S-21) and construction began to adapt the prison for the inmates: the buildings were enclosed in electrified barbed wire, the classrooms converted into tiny prison and torture chambers, and all windows were covered with iron bars and barbed wire to prevent escapes and suicides.
From 1976 to 1979, an estimated 20,000 people were imprisoned at Tuol Sleng (the real number is unknown). At any one time, the prison held between 1,000 and 1,500 prisoners. They were repeatedly tortured and coerced into naming family members and close associates, who were in turn arrested, tortured and killed. In the early months of S-21's existence, most of the victims were from the previous Lon Nol regime and included soldiers, government officials, as well as academics, doctors, teachers, students, factory workers, monks, engineers, etc. Later, the party leadership's paranoia turned on its own ranks and purges throughout the country saw thousands of party activists and their families brought to Tuol Sleng and murdered. Those arrested included some of the highest ranking politicians such as Khoy Thoun, Vorn Vet and Hu Nim. Although the official reason for their arrest was "espionage", these men may have been viewed by Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot as potential leaders of a coup against him. Prisoners' families were sometimes brought en masse to be interrogated and later executed at the Choeung Ek extermination center.
In 1979, the prison was uncovered by the invading Vietnamese army. At some point between 1979 and 1980 the prison was reopened by the government of the People's Republic of Kampuchea as a historical museum memorializing the actions of the Khmer Rouge regime.
Upon arrival at the prison, prisoners were photographed and required to give detailed autobiographies, beginning with their childhood and ending with their arrest. After that, they were forced to strip to their underwear, and their possessions were confiscated. The prisoners were then taken to their cells. Those taken to the smaller cells were shackled to the walls or the concrete floor. Those who were held in the large mass cells were collectively shackled to long pieces of iron bar. The shackles were fixed to alternating bars; the prisoners slept with their heads in opposite directions. They slept on the floor without mats, mosquito nets, or blankets. They were forbidden to talk to each other.
The day began in the prison at 4:30 a.m. when prisoners were ordered to strip for inspection. The guards checked to see if the shackles were loose or if the prisoners had hidden objects they could use to commit suicide. Over the years, several prisoners managed to kill themselves, so the guards were very careful in checking the shackles and cells. The prisoners received four small spoonfuls of rice porridge and a watery soup of leaves twice a day. Drinking water without asking the guards for permission resulted in serious beatings. The inmates were hosed down every four days.
The prison had very strict regulations, and severe beatings were inflicted upon any prisoner who disobeyed. Almost every action had to be approved by one of the prison's guards. The prisoners were sometimes forced to eat human feces and drink human urine. The unhygienic living conditions in the prison caused skin diseases, lice, rashes, ringworm and other ailments. The prison's medical staff were untrained and offered treatment only to sustain prisoners' lives after they had been injured during interrogation. When prisoners were taken from one place to another for interrogation, they were blindfolded. Guards and prisoners were not allowed to converse. Moreover, within the prison, people who were in different groups were not allowed to have contact with one another.[5]
Most prisoners at S-21 were held there for two to three months. However, several high-ranking Khmer Rouge cadres were held longer. Within two or three days after they were brought to S-21, all prisoners were taken for interrogation. The torture system at Tuol Sleng was designed to make prisoners confess to whatever crimes they were charged with by their captors. Prisoners were routinely beaten and tortured with electric shocks, searing hot metal instruments and hanging, as well as through the use of various other devices. Some prisoners were cut with knives or suffocated with plastic bags. Other methods for generating confessions included pulling out fingernails while pouring alcohol on the wounds, holding prisoners' heads under water, and the use of the waterboarding technique. Women were sometimes raped by the interrogators, even though sexual abuse was against Democratic Kampuchea (DK) policy. The perpetrators who were found out were executed. Although many prisoners died from this kind of abuse, killing them outright was discouraged, since the Khmer Rouge needed their confessions. The "Medical Unit" at Tuol Sleng, however, did kill at least 100 prisoners by bleeding them to death. It is proven that medical experiments were performed on certain prisoners. There is clear evidence that patients in Cambodia were sliced open and had organs removed with no anesthetic. The camp's director, Kang Kek Iew, has acknowledged that "live prisoners were used for surgical study and training. Draining blood was also done."
In their confessions, the prisoners were asked to describe their personal background. If they were party members, they had to say when they joined the revolution and describe their work assignments in DK. Then the prisoners would relate their supposed treasonous activities in chronological order. The third section of the confession text described prisoners' thwarted conspiracies and supposed treasonous conversations. At the end, the confessions would list a string of traitors who were the prisoners' friends, colleagues, or acquaintances. Some lists contained over a hundred names. People whose names were in the confession list were often called in for interrogation.
Typical confessions ran into thousands of words in which the prisoner would interweave true events in their lives with imaginary accounts of their espionage activities for the CIA, the KGB, or Vietnam. Physical torture was combined with sleep deprivation and deliberate neglect of the prisoners. The torture implements are on display in the museum. It is believed that the vast majority of prisoners were innocent of the charges against them and that the torture produced false confessions.
For the first year of S-21's existence, corpses were buried near the prison. However, by the end of 1976, cadres ran out of burial spaces, the prisoner and family members were taken to the Boeung Choeung Ek ("Crow's Feet Pond") extermination centre, fifteen kilometers from Phnom Penh. There, they were killed by a group of teenagers led by a Comrade Teng, being battered to death with iron bars, pickaxes, machetes and many other makeshift weapons owing to the scarcity and cost of ammunition. After the prisoners were executed, the soldiers who had accompanied them from S-21 buried them in graves that held as few as 6 and as many as 100 bodies.
Almost all non-Cambodians had left the country by early May 1975, following an overland evacuation of the French Embassy in trucks. The few who remained were seen as a security risk. Though most of the foreign victims were either Vietnamese or Thai, a number of Western prisoners, many picked up at sea by Khmer Rouge patrol boats, also passed through S-21 between April 1976 and December 1978. No foreign prisoners survived captivity in S-21.
Even though the vast majority of the victims were Cambodian, some were foreigners, including 488 Vietnamese, 31 Thai, four French, two Americans, two Australians, one Laotian, one Arab, one Briton, one Canadian, one New Zealander, and one Indonesian. Khmers of Indian and Pakistani descent were also victims.
Two Franco-Vietnamese brothers named Rovin and Harad Bernard were detained in April 1976 after they were transferred from Siem Reap, where they had worked tending cattle. Another Frenchman named Andre Gaston Courtigne, a 30-year-old clerk and typist at the French embassy, was arrested the same month along with his Khmer wife in Siem Reap.
It is possible that a handful of French nationals who went missing after the 1975 evacuation of Phnom Penh also passed through S-21. Two Americans were captured under similar circumstances. James Clark and Lance McNamara in April 1978 were sailing when their boat drifted off course and sailed into Cambodian waters. They were arrested by Khmer patrol boats, taken ashore, where they were blindfolded, placed on trucks, and taken to the then-deserted Phnom Penh.
Twenty-six-year-old John D. Dewhirst, a British tourist, was one of the youngest foreigners to die in the prison. He was sailing with his New Zealand companion, Kerry Hamill, and their Canadian friend Stuart Glass when their boat drifted into Cambodian territory and was intercepted by Khmer patrol boats on August 13, 1978. Glass was killed during the arrest, while Dewhirst and Hamill were captured, blindfolded, and taken to shore. Both were executed after having been tortured for several months at Tuol Sleng. Witnesses reported that a foreigner was burned alive; initially, it was suggested that this might have been John Dewhirst, but a survivor would later identify Kerry Hamill as the victim of this particular act of brutality. Robert Hamill, his brother and a champion Atlantic rower, would years later make a documentary, Brother Number One, about his brother's incarceration.
One of the last foreign prisoners to die was twenty-nine-year-old American Michael S. Deeds, who was captured with his friend Christopher E. DeLance on November 24, 1978, while sailing from Singapore to Hawaii. His confession was signed a week before the Vietnamese army invaded Cambodia and ousted the Khmer Rouge. In 1989, Deeds' brother, Karl Deeds, traveled to Cambodia in attempts to find his brother's remains, but was unsuccessful. On September 3, 2012, DeLance's photograph was identified among the caches of inmate portraits.
As of 1999, there were a total of 79 foreign victims on record, but former Tuol Sleng Khmer Rouge photographer Nim Im claims that the records are not complete. On top of that, there is also an eyewitness account of a Filipino, a Cuban and a Swiss who passed through the prison, though no official records of either are shown.
Out of an estimated 20,000 people imprisoned at Tuol Sleng, there were only twelve known survivors: seven adults and five children. One child died shortly after the liberation.[5] As of mid-September 2011, only three of the adults and four children are thought to still be alive: Chum Mey, Bou Meng, and Chim Meth. All three said they were kept alive because they had skills their captors judged to be useful. Bou Meng, whose wife was killed in the prison, is an artist. Chum Mey was kept alive because of his skills in repairing machinery. Chim Meth was held in S-21 for 2 weeks and transferred to the nearby Prey Sar prison. She may have been spared because she was from Stoeung district in Kampong Thom where Comrade Duch was born. She intentionally distinguished herself by emphasising her provincial accent during her interrogations. Vann Nath, who was spared because of his ability to paint, died on September 5, 2011. Norng Chan Phal, one of the surviving children, published his story in 2018.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia has recently estimated that, in fact, at least 179 prisoners were freed from S-21 between 1975 and 1979 and approximately 23 prisoners (including 5 children, two of them siblings Norng Chanphal and Norng Chanly) survived when the prison was liberated in January 1979. One child died shortly thereafter. Of the 179 prisoners who were released, most disappeared and only a few are known to have survived after 1979. It was found that at least 60 persons (out of the DC Cam list) who are listed as having survived were first released but later rearrested and executed.
The prison had a staff of 1,720 people throughout the whole period. Of those, approximately 300 were office staff, internal workforce and interrogators. The other 1,400 were general workers, including people who grew food for the prison. Several of these workers were children taken from the prisoner families. The chief of the prison was Khang Khek Ieu (also known as Comrade Duch), a former mathematics teacher who worked closely with Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot. Other leading figures of S-21 were Kim Vat aka Ho (deputy chief of S-21), Peng (chief of guards), Mam Nai aka Chan (chief of the Interrogation Unit), and Tang Sin Hean aka Pon (interrogator). Pon was the person who interrogated important people such as Keo Meas, Nay Sarann, Ho Nim, Tiv Ol, and Phok Chhay.
The documentation unit was responsible for transcribing tape recorded confessions, typing the handwritten notes from prisoners' confessions, preparing summaries of confessions, and maintaining files. In the photography sub-unit, workers took mug shots of prisoners when they arrived, pictures of prisoners who had died while in detention, and pictures of important prisoners after they were executed. Thousands of photographs have survived, but thousands are still missing.
The defense unit was the largest unit in S-21. The guards in this unit were mostly teenagers. Many guards found the unit's strict rules hard to obey. Guards were not allowed to talk to prisoners, to learn their names, or to beat them. They were also forbidden to observe or eavesdrop on interrogations, and they were expected to obey 30 regulations, which barred them from such things as taking naps, sitting down or leaning against a wall while on duty. They had to walk, guard, and examine everything carefully. Guards who made serious mistakes were arrested, interrogated, jailed and put to death. Most of the people employed at S-21 were terrified of making mistakes and feared being tortured and killed.
The interrogation unit was split into three separate groups: Krom Noyobai or the political unit, Krom Kdao or the hot unit and Krom Angkiem, or the chewing unit. The hot unit (sometimes called the cruel unit) was allowed to use torture. In contrast, the cold unit (sometimes called the gentle unit) was prohibited from using torture to obtain confessions. If they could not make prisoners confess, they would transfer them to the hot unit. The chewing unit dealt with tough and important cases. Those who worked as interrogators were literate and usually in their 20s.
Some of the staff who worked in Tuol Sleng also ended up as prisoners. They confessed to being lazy in preparing documents, to having damaged machines and various equipment, and to having beaten prisoners to death without permission when assisting with interrogations.
When prisoners were first brought to Tuol Sleng, they were made aware of ten rules that they were to follow during their incarceration. What follows is what is posted today at the Tuol Sleng Museum; the imperfect grammar is a result of faulty translation from the original Khmer:
You must answer accordingly to my question. Don't turn them away.
Don't try to hide the facts by making pretexts this and that, you are strictly prohibited to contest me.
Don't be a fool for you are a chap who dare to thwart the revolution.
You must immediately answer my questions without wasting time to reflect.
Don't tell me either about your immoralities or the essence of the revolution.
While getting lashes or electrification you must not cry at all.
Do nothing, sit still and wait for my orders. If there is no order, keep quiet. When I ask you to do something, you must do it right away without protesting.
Don't make pretext about Kampuchea Krom in order to hide your secret or traitor.
If you don't follow all the above rules, you shall get many lashes of electric wire.
If you disobey any point of my regulations you shall get either ten lashes or five shocks of electric discharge.
During testimony at the Khmer Rouge Tribunal on April 27, 2009, Duch claimed the 10 security regulations were a fabrication of the Vietnamese officials that first set up the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum.
In 1979, Hồ Văn Tây, a Vietnamese combat photographer, was the first journalist to document Tuol Sleng to the world. Hồ and his colleagues followed the stench of rotting corpses to the gates of Tuol Sleng. The photos of Hồ documenting what he saw when he entered the site are exhibited in Tuol Sleng today.
The Khmer Rouge required that the prison staff make a detailed dossier for each prisoner. Included in the documentation was a photograph. Since the original negatives and photographs were separated from the dossiers in the 1979–1980 period, most of the photographs remain anonymous to this day.
The buildings at Tuol Sleng are preserved, with some rooms still appearing just as they were when the Khmer Rouge were driven out in 1979. The regime kept extensive records, including thousands of photographs. Several rooms of the museum are now lined, floor to ceiling, with black and white photographs of some of the estimated 20,000 prisoners who passed through the prison.
The site has four main buildings, known as Building A, B, C, and D. Building A holds the large cells in which the bodies of the last victims were discovered. Building B holds galleries of photographs. Building C holds the rooms subdivided into small cells for prisoners. Building D holds other memorabilia including instruments of torture.
Other rooms contain only a rusting iron bedframe, beneath a black and white photograph showing the room as it was found by the Vietnamese. In each photograph, the mutilated body of a prisoner is chained to the bed, killed by his fleeing captors only hours before the prison was captured. Other rooms preserve leg-irons and instruments of torture. They are accompanied by paintings by former inmate Vann Nath showing people being tortured, which were added by the post-Khmer Rouge regime installed by the Vietnamese in 1979.
The museum is open to the public from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. On weekdays, visitors have the opportunity of viewing a 'survivor testimony' from 2:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Along with the Choeung Ek Memorial (the Killing Fields), the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum is included as a point of interest for those visiting Cambodia. Tuol Sleng also remains an important educational site as well as memorial for Cambodians. Since 2010, the ECCC brings Cambodians on a 'study tour' consisting of the Tuol Sleng, followed by the Choeung Ek, and finishing at the ECCC complex. The tour drew approximately 27,000 visitors in 2010.
S-21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine is a 2003 film by Rithy Panh, a Cambodian-born, French-trained filmmaker who lost his family when he was 11. The film features two Tuol Sleng survivors, Vann Nath and Chum Mey, confronting their former Khmer Rouge captors, including guards, interrogators, a doctor and a photographer. The focus of the film is the difference between the feelings of the survivors, who want to understand what happened at Tuol Sleng to warn future generations, and the former jailers, who cannot escape the horror of the genocide they helped create.
A number of images from Tuol Sleng are featured in the 1992 Ron Fricke film Baraka.
The Killing Fields are a number of sites in Cambodia where collectively more than 1,000,000 people were killed and buried by the Communist Party of Kampuchea during Khmer Rouge rule of the country from 1975 to 1979, immediately after the end of the Cambodian Civil War (1970–1975). The mass killings were part of the broad, state-sponsored Cambodian genocide.
Analysis of 20,000 mass grave sites by the DC-Cam Mapping Program and Yale University indicates at least 1,386,734 victims of execution. Estimates of the total deaths resulting from Khmer Rouge policies, including death from disease and starvation, range from 1.7 to 2.5 million out of a 1975 population of roughly 8 million. In 1979, Vietnam invaded Democratic Kampuchea and toppled the Khmer Rouge regime, ending the genocide.
The Cambodian journalist Dith Pran coined the term "killing fields" after his escape from the regime.
The Khmer Rouge regime arrested and eventually executed almost everyone suspected of connections with the former government or with foreign governments, as well as professionals and intellectuals. Ethnic Vietnamese, ethnic Thai, ethnic Chinese, ethnic Cham, Cambodian Christians, and Buddhist monks were the demographic targets of persecution. As a result, Pol Pot has been described as "a genocidal tyrant". Martin Shaw described the Cambodian genocide as "the purest genocide of the Cold War era".
Ben Kiernan estimates that about 1.7 million people were killed. Researcher Craig Etcheson of the Documentation Center of Cambodia suggests that the death toll was between 2 and 2.5 million, with a "most likely" figure of 2.2 million. After five years of researching some 20,000 grave sites, he concludes that "these mass graves contain the remains of 1,386,734 victims of execution". A United Nations investigation reported 2–3 million dead, while UNICEF estimated 3 million had been killed. Demographic analysis by Patrick Heuveline suggests that between 1.17 and 3.42 million Cambodians were killed, while Marek Sliwinski suggests that 1.8 million is a conservative figure. Even the Khmer Rouge acknowledged that 2 million had been killed—though they attributed those deaths to a subsequent Vietnamese invasion. By late 1979, UN and Red Cross officials were warning that another 2.25 million Cambodians faced death by starvation due to "the near destruction of Cambodian society under the regime of ousted Prime Minister Pol Pot", who were saved by international aid after the Vietnamese invasion.
Process
The judicial process of the Khmer Rouge regime, for minor or political crimes, began with a warning from the Angkar, the government of Cambodia under the regime. People receiving more than two warnings were sent for "re-education," which meant near-certain death. People were often encouraged to confess to Angkar their "pre-revolutionary lifestyles and crimes" (which usually included some kind of free-market activity; having had contact with a foreign source, such as a U.S. missionary, international relief or government agency; or contact with any foreigner or with the outside world at all), being told that Angkar would forgive them and "wipe the slate clean." They were then taken away to a place such as Tuol Sleng or Choeung Ek for torture and/or execution.[citation needed]
The executed were buried in mass graves. In order to save ammunition, the executions were often carried out using poison or improvised weapons such as sharpened bamboo sticks, hammers, machetes and axes. Inside the Buddhist Memorial Stupa at Choeung Ek, there is evidence of bayonets, knives, wooden clubs, hoes for farming and curved scythes being used to kill victims, with images of skulls, damaged by these implements, as evidence. In some cases the children and infants of adult victims were killed by having their heads bashed against the trunks of Chankiri trees, and then were thrown into the pits alongside their parents. The rationale was "to stop them growing up and taking revenge for their parents' deaths."[citation needed]
Prosecution for crimes against humanity
In 1997 the Cambodian government asked for the UN's assistance in setting up a genocide tribunal. It took nine years to agree to the shape and structure of the court—a hybrid of Cambodian and international laws—before the judges were sworn in, in 2006. The investigating judges were presented with the names of five possible suspects by the prosecution on 18 July 2007. On 19 September 2007 Nuon Chea, second in command of the Khmer Rouge and its most senior surviving member, was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. He faced Cambodian and foreign judges at the special genocide tribunal and was convicted on 7 August 2014 and received a life sentence. On 26 July 2010 Kang Kek Iew (aka Comrade Duch), director of the S-21 prison camp, was convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to 35 years' imprisonment. His sentence was reduced to 19 years, as he had already spent 11 years in prison. On 2 February 2012, his sentence was extended to life imprisonment by the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. He died on 2 September 2020.
Legacy
The best known monument of the Killing Fields is at the village of Choeung Ek. Today, it is the site of a Buddhist memorial to the victims, and Tuol Sleng has a museum commemorating the genocide. The memorial park at Choeung Ek has been built around the mass graves of many thousands of victims, most of whom were executed after interrogation at the S-21 Prison in Phnom Penh. The majority of those buried at Choeung Ek were Khmer Rouge killed during the purges within the regime. Many dozens of mass graves are visible above ground, many which have not been excavated yet. Commonly, bones and clothing surface after heavy rainfalls due to the large number of bodies still buried in shallow mass graves. It is not uncommon to run across the bones or teeth of the victims scattered on the surface as one tours the memorial park. If these are found, visitors are asked to notify a memorial park officer or guide.
A survivor of the genocide, Dara Duong, founded The Killing Fields Museum in Seattle, US.
The Khmer Rouge is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. The name was coined in the 1960s by then Chief of State Norodom Sihanouk to describe his country's heterogeneous, communist-led dissidents, with whom he allied after his 1970 overthrow.
The Khmer Rouge army was slowly built up in the jungles of eastern Cambodia during the late 1960s, supported by the North Vietnamese army, the Viet Cong, the Pathet Lao, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Although it originally fought against Sihanouk, the Khmer Rouge changed its position and supported Sihanouk following the CCP's advice after he was overthrown in a 1970 coup by Lon Nol who established the pro-American Khmer Republic. Despite a massive American bombing campaign (Operation Freedom Deal) against them, the Khmer Rouge won the Cambodian Civil War when they captured the Cambodian capital and overthrew the Khmer Republic in 1975. Following their victory, the Khmer Rouge, who were led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen, and Khieu Samphan, immediately set about forcibly evacuating the country's major cities. In 1976, they renamed the country Democratic Kampuchea.
The Khmer Rouge regime was highly autocratic, totalitarian, and repressive. Many deaths resulted from the regime's social engineering policies and the "Moha Lout Plaoh", an imitation of China's Great Leap Forward which had caused the Great Chinese Famine. The Khmer Rouge's attempts at agricultural reform through collectivization similarly led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, including the supply of medicine, led to the death of many thousands from treatable diseases such as malaria.
The Khmer Rouge regime murdered hundreds of thousands of their perceived political opponents, and its racist emphasis on national purity resulted in the genocide of Cambodian minorities. Summary executions and torture were carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during genocidal purges of its own ranks between 1975 and 1978. Ultimately, the Cambodian genocide which took place under the Khmer Rouge regime led to the deaths of 1.5 to 2 million people, around 25% of Cambodia's population.
In the 1970s, the Khmer Rouge were largely supported and funded by the Chinese Communist Party, receiving approval from Mao Zedong; it is estimated that at least 90% of the foreign aid which was provided to the Khmer Rouge came from China. The regime was removed from power in 1979 when Vietnam invaded Cambodia and quickly destroyed most of its forces. The Khmer Rouge then fled to Thailand, whose government saw them as a buffer force against the Communist Vietnamese. The Khmer Rouge continued to fight against the Vietnamese and the government of the new People's Republic of Kampuchea until the end of the war in 1989. The Cambodian governments-in-exile (including the Khmer Rouge) held onto Cambodia's United Nations seat (with considerable international support) until 1993, when the monarchy was restored and the name of the Cambodian state was changed to the Kingdom of Cambodia. A year later, thousands of Khmer Rouge guerrillas surrendered themselves in a government amnesty.
In 1996, a new political party called the Democratic National Union Movement was formed by Ieng Sary, who was granted amnesty for his role as the deputy leader of the Khmer Rouge. The organisation was largely dissolved by the mid-1990s and finally surrendered completely in 1999. In 2014, two Khmer Rouge leaders, Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan, were jailed for life by a United Nations-backed court which found them guilty of crimes against humanity for their roles in the Khmer Rouge's genocidal campaign.
The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge under the leadership of Communist Party of Kampuchea general secretary Pol Pot. It resulted in the deaths of 1.5 to 2 million people from 1975 to 1979, nearly a quarter of Cambodia's population in 1975 (c. 7.8 million).
Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge had long been supported by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its chairman, Mao Zedong; it is estimated that at least 90% of the foreign aid which the Khmer Rouge received came from China, including at least US$1 billion in interest-free economic and military aid in 1975 alone. After it seized power in April 1975, the Khmer Rouge wanted to turn the country into an agrarian socialist republic, founded on the policies of ultra-Maoism and influenced by the Cultural Revolution. Pol Pot and other Khmer Rouge officials met with Mao in Beijing in June 1975, receiving approval and advice, while high-ranking CCP officials such as Politburo Standing Committee member Zhang Chunqiao later visited Cambodia to offer help. To fulfill its goals, the Khmer Rouge emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to labor camps in the countryside, where mass executions, forced labor, physical abuse, malnutrition, and disease were rampant. In 1976, the Khmer Rouge renamed the country Democratic Kampuchea.
The massacres ended when the Vietnamese military invaded in 1978 and toppled the Khmer Rouge regime. By January 1979, 1.5 to 2 million people had died due to the Khmer Rouge's policies, including 200,000–300,000 Chinese Cambodians, 90,000–500,000 Cambodian Cham (who are mostly Muslim), and 20,000 Vietnamese Cambodians. 20,000 people passed through the Security Prison 21, one of the 196 prisons the Khmer Rouge operated, and only seven adults survived. The prisoners were taken to the Killing Fields, where they were executed (often with pickaxes, to save bullets) and buried in mass graves. Abduction and indoctrination of children was widespread, and many were persuaded or forced to commit atrocities. As of 2009, the Documentation Center of Cambodia has mapped 23,745 mass graves containing approximately 1.3 million suspected victims of execution. Direct execution is believed to account for up to 60% of the genocide's death toll, with other victims succumbing to starvation, exhaustion, or disease.
The genocide triggered a second outflow of refugees, many of whom escaped to neighboring Thailand and, to a lesser extent, Vietnam. In 2003, by agreement between the Cambodian government and the United Nations, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Court of Cambodia (Khmer Rouge Tribunal) were established to try the members of the Khmer Rouge leadership responsible for the Cambodian genocide. Trials began in 2009. On 26 July 2010, the Trial Chamber convicted Kaing Guek Eav (alias Duch) for crimes against humanity and grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. The Supreme Court Chamber increased his sentence to life imprisonment. Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan were tried and convicted in 2014 of crimes against humanity and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions. On 28 March 2019, the Trial Chamber found Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan guilty of crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, and genocide of the Vietnamese ethnic, national and racial group. The Chamber additionally convicted Nuon Chea of genocide of the Cham ethnic and religious group under the doctrine of superior responsibility. Both Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan were sentenced to terms of life imprisonment.
Bridgeview Illinois 7.29.13
"Mr. View Minder, apprehended by the authorities on July Fourth for his allegedly 'excessive' display of pyrotechnics during his alleged annual 'Wickedest Display of Fireworks on the Block' event allegedly had his alleged case dismissed in the alleged Fifth District Circuit Court of Cook County today.
The Honorable Judge Daniel Lawrence Peters presided over the case and a half a dozen others charged with the same thing, dismissing all of them except for one kid that plead guilty to shooting a police car with fireworks.
That dude, rightfully so, was 'crucified' by the court.
'At best you were extremely careless with the fireworks' Judge Peters admonished the defendant.
'Or maybe you were just unlucky... but very often it's being unlucky that brings people to appear before me in my courtroom.'
Judge Peters sentenced him to 32 hours community service and something like a five hundred dollar fine.
After the Judge ordered Mr. Minder and about a half a dozen other alleged defendants to have a talk with the prosecutor while he left the room it was decided that all of the defendants would plead guilty only to 'being idiots' and have their charges dismissed by the very good natured and patriotic prosecutor whose name I forgot.
'Your having to take a day off of work and spend the afternoon in my courtroom is punishment enough' said Judge Peters 'fireworks aren't cheap and neither is a fine... and next time you come back you're going to get a two hundred dollar fine' the judge warned.
And so with that Viewminder's and the other defendant's cases were dismissed by Judge Peters."
I gotta say that I enjoyed the court session of Judge Daniel Lawrence Peters today.
He really invested himself into each case and he seemed to have a way of really looking like he considered every case on it's own.
I never saw him 'belittle' anyone... he just judged their actions... what they did... not who they were.
'What are you doing with marijuana... that's kid stuff... you're past that' he told one defendant as he asked him if he was headed to college... 'you know what you've done here would make it so that you didn't get accepted into a lot of schools' the judge told him... 'I'm going to give you a gift this one time and do you a favor' he said 'but next time you get caught with marijuana there won't be any favors... come on... this stuff'll get you in trouble.'
There were shoplifters that he banned from going to the the store that they shoplifted from for life.
He gave out a lot of community service sentences.
I watched him for about an hour and a half and my case was one of the last called so I really got to see the way that Judge Peters runs his courtroom and I really liked it.
I would have liked the guy even if he convicted me and gave me a two hundred dollar fine.
I want to see more judges like this guy.
He's not only got my vote in the next election that he's running in for retention...
he's got my support.