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Glasgow Botanic Gardens hothouses on a fresh winters day - the lady in the botanics told me that in the tropical section, the temperature is usually about 10 degrees hotter than outside - just the place in this weather 😄❄️ #botanic #botanical #botanicgarden #botanicgardens #botanicgardensglasgow #glasgowbotanicgardens #friendsofbotanicgardens #glasgowlife #hothouse #tropicalplants #glasgow #glasgowwestend #westendglasgow #hillhead
I love the lines and the angles and the shapes of this simple abd functional bridge.
Sony A7R II
Minolta 100-200mm lens
Section of narrow tape measure; taken handheld with lens set at the 1:1 magnification setting
Camera Used: Canon EOS Rebel T7
Lens Used: Canon EF-S 60mm f/2.8 Macro USM prime lens
The Naksan section of the Seoul fortress trail covers an enjoyable scenic route from Hansung University Station and the Hyehwa Gate travelling south alongside Naksan Park and Ihwa Mural Village until you arrive in the crowded, neon streets of Dongdaemun with the landmark Dongdaemun Gate at the foot of the pathway. The route itself doesn’t take too long to cover with sunset a recommended time to visit so as to enjoy the spectacular views across the city at their finest.
Accessible from:
Hansung University Station, Seoul Subway Line 4. Exit 4.
Dongdaemun Station, Seoul Subway Line 1 or 4. Exit 1.
Dongdaemun History and Culture Station, Seoul Subway Line, 2, 4, or 5. Exit 1
As we were attempting to get to the next photo location, we hit a washboard section of road and started to fishtail. I got the speed down and the car almost under control when we got thrown into the ditch with the resulting predicament. Luckily no one was injured and although one would think that the day was lost, some fellow foamers came along and we spent the rest of the day with them. The pictures near Laramie and Hermosa Tunnels are the result. They kindly drove us back to the scene of the disaster.
We had flipped the car right side up soon after the mishap and the car started right up. I foolishly turned the engine off and it would not restart. Later that afternoon, it again fired up and we drove it back to Denver. The car had a glass skylight which was shattered so we were able to drive the car in relative comfort with just the tops of our heads sticking out the smashed roof.
The car was repaired and many more thousands of miles and railfan adventures were enjoyed.
I loved this when I saw it at the MoMA. When I get my first apartment, my living room wall's gonna look like this.
A stained mushroom section. Automated analysis of high-throughput microscopy can reduce analysis time and cost allowing more samples to measure more efficiently.
Terms of Use: Our images are freely and publicly available for use with the credit line, "Courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." Please use provided caption information for use in appropriate context.
And so many shelves. Now the site of an HH Gregg store.
BTW, I'm super horrible in forgetting to admit this was the site of a Service Merchandise store, once upon a time, before it was heavily renovated into a Borders.
* Part 3 *
The last in this section, Part 3, at Brocklesby shows Colas liveried class 60, 60095 heading off towards the refinery as Freightliner class 66, 66523 vanishes off into the distance making its way, empty, to York Yard south. The empty 715 tonne oil train has around 14 VTG TEAs in its consist, some information about these types of wagons-
'...The green TEAs are ex-Freightliner, now VTG. 6 were delivered to augment the Humber - Kingsbury workings when the Green Team hauled them. Since then, at least 3 of them work off Lindsey, of which two are usually seen in either the Kingsbury, Rectory Junction and Westerleigh workings. The other of those 3 has been seen in the Tuesdays-only Ipswich-Lindsey fuel oil working. Not sure what happened to the remaining 3 of the 6 TEAs...'
This in fact quite a short rake of tanks as last week, at Masbrough, a north-bound empty oils went by with around 30 tank wagons in its consist and 30 minutes late a 3000 tonne full oils heading south; buy comparison, this appears to be quite a modest haul of empties back to the refinery. IN the right picture, once again the set of tanks can be seen snaking its way along to the oil refinery to fill up on imported Middle-East oil, Middle East Oil, East European Coal, anybody would think we hadn't got any... and buy the end of the year, we certainly wont have any of the latter, as Thoresby, Kellingley and Hatfiled coal will not be coming out of the mines any more... This is Colas Rail 60095, 6E32, Preston Docks Lanfina to Lindsey Oil Refinery working into Immingham Oil Terminal on the River Humber.
Model home built by a developer in the 30th Avenue N. Section off 66th St. in St. Pete. Holiday Park Subdivision. Was told there were 4 original homes built to start, and this was one. Matching garage.
Durham Constabulary Dog Section. London Olympic games. Blurred photo - moving target in poor light - to complement the Merseyside photo. Vehicle is NK11AUR (NK11 AUR) - thanks to comment below.
This is the Mesquite High School "L Building". This section was one of the original structures of the MHS. Sadly, It was demolished around April of 2017 to make way for a new structure.
► "Stormy the Skeeter" is the school mascot for the school's various athletic teams (all known with some variant of the word "Skeeter") and the school's colors are Maroon and White. In the March 1901, the Mesquite Independent School District was incorporated at the behest of the citizens of Mesquite Texas to serve the primary and secondary educational needs of the city. The first school was established at the current site of MHS in 1902 with an enrollment of approximately 200 students. A new high school was built on the property in June 1923. MHS was officially recognized as an accredited high school in June 1924 by the Texas State Department of Education, thus allowing its students to attend Texas colleges and universities without having to take remedial coursework. Additional expansions occurred during 1938 and 1939 as a part of the Works Progress Administration created by President Roosevelt. A historical marker can be found at the street side of L. building and an WPA placard can be found on the outside of the art room to mark these significant events in MHS' history.
MHS students became known as "Skeeters" in 1944. This was a simplification of the traditional "Mesquiters" which had been the previous mascot name for the school. 1954 marked a significant change at MHS when the district relocated all its other existing grade levels to other sites within the city and the campus was solely dedicated to high school education. Integration of the school began in 1964 when area African-American students were allowed to enroll at MHS for the first time. During 1966, a six phase renovation project plan began. The final phase of construction was completed in 1999.
►From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesquite_High_School_(Mesquite,_Texas) ..
Photo Taken: March 4 2017
Photo Taken By: Randy A. Carlisle
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“Preserving AMERICAs History Thru Photography”
***NO Photos are to be posted on ANY other website, or any kind of publication Without MY Permission. No Exceptions! They are not to be “Lifted”, Borrowed, reprinted, or by any other means other than viewing here on Flickr. If you want to use a photo of mine for anything, please email First. I’ll assist you any way I can. Thank You for your understanding. ALL Photos are For Sale.***
Green classification lights indicate a train is one of several "sections" running on the same timetable schedule; another section is following and other trains must wait for all sections to clear. While the section designation is in fact no longer in our rules as of 2012, the history behind it is still quite fascinating, and today the green class lights are merely decorative.
Section through a moss capsule, likely Polytrichum, showing the spores in red. This picture was taken with a Canon PowerShot SX40 and Raynox macro conversion lens. The setup is shown here. I added a size bar for this image based on measuring the section on the slide with a ruler.
cross section: Mature Ranunculus root
common name: Buttercup
magnification: 400x
Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library
The cortex is well-developed and divided into two zones; a narrow outer layer of closely packed smaller parenchyma cells (exodermis) and a wide inner layer of larger open aerenchyma cells
The inmost area of the cortex is bounded by an endodermis or starch sheath with larger barrel shaped cells and thickened walls that mark the red staining casparian strip. Within the endodermis occasional small passage cells serve to transport of water into the stele or vascular bundle.
The stele is bound on its outmost edge by is a pericycle of single layered thin walled parenchyma cells.
The closed vascular bundles are arranged radially with arms of exarch xylem interspaced with patches of phloem and parenchymous conjunctive tissue. These tissues may become sclerenchymous in older roots
Vascular cambium is also absent, preventing secondary growth of the root.
Technical Questions:bioimagesoer@gmail.com
View of the river Trent at one of the platforms. The picture was taken at the Attenborough Nature Reserve, Nottingham, UK
Here is a little space in which there are patches lifted up leaving quarish holes in the floors. One can see just a bit of the underlying levels here.
www.flickr.com/search/?w=21728045@N08&q=Star%20fruit
Carambola, or star fruit, is the fruit of Averrhoa carambola, a species of tree native to Indonesia, the Philippines, and throughout Malesia.[1] The fruit is commonly consumed throughout Southeast Asia, the South Pacific, Micronesia, and parts of East Asia. The tree is cultivated throughout tropical areas.
The fruit has distinctive ridges running down its sides (usually five but can occasionally vary); when cut in cross-section, it resembles a star, hence its name.[1] The entire fruit is edible and is usually eaten out of hand. They may also be used in cooking and can be made into relishes, preserves, and juice drinks.
The original range of Averrhoa carambola is believed to be from Sri Lanka or Indonesia,[1] but has been cultivated in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia for hundreds of years. They remain a local favorite in those areas but have also recently gained popularity in parts of East Asiaand Queensland, Australia; as well as in the Pacific Islands, particularly Tahiti, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Hawaii, and Guam. They are cultivated commercially in India, Southeast Asia, southern China, Taiwan, and the southern United States. They are also grown in Central America, Brazil, the Southwestern United States and Florida, and parts of Africa.[1][2] In other areas they are usually grown as ornamentals, rather than for consumption.[2]
The fruit is about 5 to 15 centimetres (2 to 6 inches) in length and is an oval shape. It usually has five prominent longitudinal ridges, but in rare instances it can have as few as four or as many as eight. In cross section, it resembles a star.[1] The skin is thin, smooth, and waxy and turns a light to dark yellow when ripe. The flesh is translucent and light yellow to yellow in color. Each fruit can have 10 to 12 flat light brown seeds about 6 to 13 mm (0.25 to 0.5 in) in width and enclosed in gelatinous aril. Once removed from the fruit, they lose viability within a few days.[3][4][5]
Like the closely related bilimbi, there are two main types of carambola: the small sour (or tart) type and the larger sweet type. The sour varieties have a higher oxalic acid content than the sweet type. A number of cultivars have been developed in recent years. The most common cultivars grown commercially include the sweet types "Arkin" (Florida), "Dah Pon" (Taiwan), "Ma fueng" (Thailand), "Maha" (Malaysia), and "Demak" (Indonesia) and the sour types "Golden Star", "Newcomb", "Star King", and "Thayer" (all from Florida). Some of the sour varieties like "Golden Star" can become sweet if allowed to ripen.[2][3][4]
including the slightly waxy skin. The flesh is crunchy, firm, and extremely juicy.[1] It does not contain fibers and has a texture similar in consistency to that of grapes. Carambolas are best consumed shortly after they ripen, when they are yellow with a light shade of green or just after all traces of green have disappeared. They will also have brown ridges at the edges and feel firm. Fruits picked while still slightly green will turn yellow in storage at room temperature, but will not increase in sugar content. Overripe carambola will be yellow with brown spots and can become blander in taste and soggier in consistency.[4][6]
Ripe sweet type carambolas are sweet without being overwhelming as they rarely have more than 4% sugar content. They have a tart, sour undertone, and an oxalic acid odor. The taste is difficult to match, but it has been compared to a mix of apple, pear, grape, and citrus family fruits. Unripe star fruits are firmer and sour, and taste like green apples.[3][7]
Ripe carambolas may also be used in cooking. In Southeast Asia, they are usually stewed in cloves and sugar, sometimes with apples. In China, they are cooked with fish. In Australia, they may be cooked as a vegetable, pickled, or made into jams. In Jamaica they are sometimes dried.[2]
Unripe and sour type carambolas can be mixed with other chopped spices to make relishes in Australia.[2] In the Philippines, unripe carambolas are eaten dipped in rock salt.[8] In Thailand, they are cooked together with shrimp.[2]
The juice from carambolas is also used in iced drinks, particularly the juice of the sour varieties. In the Philippines they can be used as seasoning. In India, the juice is bottled for drinking.[2]
Carambolas contain caramboxin[9] and oxalic acid.[10] Both substances are harmful to individuals suffering from kidney failure, kidney stones, or those under kidney dialysistreatment.[10] Consumption by those with kidney failure can produce hiccups, vomiting, nausea, mental confusion, and sometimes death.[11][12][13] Caramboxin is a neurotoxin which is structurally similar to phenylalanine, and is a glutamatergic agonist.[9]
Drug interactions
Edit
Like the grapefruit, carambola is considered to be a potent inhibitor of seven cytochrome P450 isoforms.[14][15] These enzymes are significant in the first-pass elimination of many medications, and, thus, the consumption of carambola or its juice in combination with certain prescription medications can significantly increase their effective dosage within the body.
The carambola is a tropical and subtropical fruit which can be grown at elevations up to 1,200 metres (4,000 feet). It prefers full sun exposure, but requires enough humidity and annual rainfall of at least 1,800 mm (70 in). It does not have a soil type preference, but requires good drainage.[citation needed]
Carambola trees are planted at least 6 m (20 ft) from each other and typically are fertilized three times a year. The tree grows rapidly and typically produces fruit at four or five years of age. The large amount of rain during spring actually reduces the amount of fruit, but, in ideal conditions, carambola can produce from 90 to 180 kilograms (200 to 400 pounds) of fruit a year. The carambola tree flowers throughout the year, with main fruiting seasons from April to June and October to December in Malaysia,[16]for example, but fruiting also occurs at other times in some other locales, such as South Florida.[4]
Growth and leaf responses of container-grown `Arkin' carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) trees to long-term exposure of 25%, 50%, or 100% sunlight showed that shading increased rachis length and leaflet area, decreased leaflet thickness, and produced more horizontal branch orientation.[17]
Major pests are fruit flies, fruit moths, ants, and birds.[3][16] Crops are also susceptible to frost.[3]
Top producers of carambola in the world market include Australia, Guyana, India, Israel, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the United States.[4] Malaysia is a global leader in star fruit production by volume and ships the product widely to Asia and Europe.[16] Due to concerns over pests and pathogens, however, whole star fruits cannot yet be imported to the US from Malaysia under current United States Department of Agriculture regulations. In the United States, carambolas are grown in tropical and semitropical areas, including Texas, South Carolina, Louisiana, California, Virginia, Florida and Hawaii.[2][18]
In the United States, commercial cultivation and broad consumer acceptance of the fruit only dates to the 1970s, attributable to Morris Arkin, a backyard horticulturalist, in Coral Gables, Florida. The 'Arkin' variety represented 98% of the acreage in South Florida in the early 21st century.[19]
The trees are also grown as ornamentals for their abundant brightly colored and unusually shaped fruits, as well as for their attractive dark green leaves and their lavender to pink flowers.[4]
Like the bilimbi, the juice of the more acidic sour types can be used to clean rusty or tarnished metal (especially brass) as well as bleach rust stains from cloth. They may also be used as a mordant in dyeing.[2]
Etymology and vernacular names
Edit
The Portuguese word carambola, first known use 1598, was taken from Marathi karambalderived from Sanskrit karmaphala.[20] In Spanish, it is known as carambola. The carambola is called "star fruit" in English.
References
Edit
^ a b c d e f "Averrhoa carambola (carambola)". CABI. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h i Julia F. Morton (1987). "Carambola". In Julia F. Morton. Fruits of warm climates. pp. 125–128.
^ a b c d e "Averrhoa carambola L." California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ a b c d e f Jonathan H. Crane (1994). The Carambola (Star Fruit) (PDF). Fact Sheet HS-12. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-11-19. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
^ "Star Fruit". Fruitsinfo. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ "How to Eat Star Fruit". Buzzle. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
^ "Carambola or Star Fruit". FloridaGardener.com. Archived from the original on July 27, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
^ "Balimbing / Carambola / Star Fruit". Market Manila. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
^ a b Garcia-Cairasco, N.; Moyses-Neto, M.; Del Vecchio, F.; Oliveira, J. A. C.; Dos Santos, F. L.; Castro, O. W.; Arisi, G. M.; Dantas, M. R.; Carolino, R. O. G.; Coutinho-Netto, J.; Dagostin, A. L. A.; Rodrigues, M. C. A.; Leão, R. M.; Quintiliano, S. A. P.; Silva, L. F.; Gobbo-Neto, L.; Lopes, N. P. (2013). "Elucidating the Neurotoxicity of the Star Fruit". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 52 (49): 13067–70. doi:10.1002/anie.201305382. PMID 24281890.
^ a b Muthu, N.; Lee, S. Y.; Phua, K. K.; Bhore, S. J. (2016). "Nutritional, Medicinal and Toxicological Attributes of Star-Fruits (Averrhoa carambola L.): A Review". Bioinformation. 12 (12): 420–424. doi:10.6026/97320630012420. PMC 5357571. PMID 28405126.
^ Chang CT, Chen YC, Fang JT, Huang CC (2002). "Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) intoxication: an important cause of consciousness disturbance in patients with renal failure". Ren Fail. 24 (3): 379–82. doi:10.1081/JDI-120005373. PMID 12166706.
^ Neto MM, da Costa JA, Garcia-Cairasco N, Netto JC, Nakagawa B, Dantas M (2003). "Intoxication by star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) in 32 uraemic patients: treatment and outcome". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 18 (1): 120–5. doi:10.1093/ndt/18.1.120. PMID 12480969.
^ Titchenal A & Dobbs J (2003-04-28). "Kidney patients should avoid star fruit". Nutrition ATC. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
^ "Abstracts: Metabolism and metabolic enzymes studies for the 8th National Congress on Drug and Xenobiotic Metabolism in China". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
^ Potential Drug-Food Interactions with Pomegranate Juice Archived March 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
^ a b c Crop Protection & Plant Quarantine Services Division (2004). Technical Document for Market Access on Star Fruit (Carambola) (PDF). The Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Malaysia.[permanent dead link]
^ Marler, Thomas E.; Schaffer, Bruce; Crane, Jonathan H. (1994-07-01). "Developmental Light Level Affects Growth, Morphology, and Leaf Physiology of Young Carambola Trees". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 119 (4): 711–718. ISSN 0003-1062.
^ Hein Bijlmakers. "Star Fruit". Tropical Fruits. Archived from the original on 2012-06-26. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ Robert J. Knight; Jonathan H. Crane (2002). "The 'Arkin' Carambola in Florida" (PDF). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 115: 92–93.[permanent dead link]
Carambola - Definition of carambola by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com.