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Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois (CFL): near the Gare-Rocade stop, next to the central railway station, the bus number 110 (Irizar i4 Integral 15m, license plate DY 7824, commissioned in 2016) working a service on line 175 of the RGTR (Régime Général des Transports Routiers) to Remich-Corniche.
After the last phase of the restructuring of the national bus service, from July 17, 2022 this line has become the 413.
A one off horse charter.
Delivered to British Caledonian as G-BHDH in April 1980.
The airline was established as Challenge Air Cargo in 1985 as a subsidiary of Challenge Air Transport. In 1986, the airline became independent of Challenge Air Transport. In 2001, following the takeover of the scheduled business by United Parcel Service a new company was formed as Centurion Air Cargo to take over the air operating certificate of Challenge.
The airline surrendered its operating certificate to the Federal Aviation Administration in June 2018, after being unable to restructure its operations after financial difficulties.[
Excerpt from Wikipedia:
The Deutschordenskirche (often shortened to Deutschorden) in Frankfurt am Main is a Roman-Catholic church in the district of Sachsenhausen. Unlike most historical churches in Frankfurt's city-center which are owned by the city of Frankfurt, Deutschorden is property of the Teutonic Order which maintains it as part of its convent at Frankfurt. Next to the Deutschordenskirche is the Deutschordenshaus, an attached former convent-building.
In 1221 Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa gifted several estates in Frankfurt to the Teutonic Order, including a church. In 1307 the Order began construction of a new church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary in 1309.
In the wake of the Reformation, Catholic Masses were suppressed in Frankfurt. Despite Catholicism being re-allowed in the city after the Augsburg Interim the convent did not recover as the vast majority of the city's population had become Protestant.
During the Thirty Years' War the building complex was occupied by Swedish forces between 1631 and 1635.
In 1707 the old Deutschordenshaus was torn down and replaced with a baroque reconstruction. The church itself was renovated in the baroque style in 1751.
During the Secularization of 1803 Frankfurt's churches, except for Deutschorden, were claimed by the Free City of Frankfurt. Deutschorden instead became the property of Frederick Augustus, Duke of Nassau. At the Congress of Vienna the Deutschordenshaus and the church were handed over to the House of Habsburg that restituted them to the Teutonic Order in 1836. However, in 1886 the church was transferred to the Catholic community of Frankfurt for pastoral tasks. Following the transfer, the church was renovated in the gothic style.
On October 4, 1943 Deutschorden was hit during a bombing raid. The church was badly damaged and the Deutschordenshaus burned down almost completely, including the studio of the artist Karl Friedrich Lippmann. The convent's ruins were bought by the Teutonic Order in 1958 and reconstruction began in 1963. In 1965 the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Marian Tumler rededicated the repaired Deutschordenskirche and Deutschordenshaus.
Between 2012 and 2020 the convent was the center of the novice-formation of the Teutonic Order.
Due to a parish-restructuring Deutschorden ceased to be an independent parish in 2014 and become part of the general Frankfurt-city-parish. In addition to the German congregation, Deutschorden also hosts a Croatian congregation and offers Tridentine Masses.
Part of the Deutschordenshaus also hosts Frankfurt's Museum of Icons, which holds a collection of Orthodox icons. The museum forms the eastern end-point of Frankfurt's Museumsufer.
I finally finished my refurbishing of Mr. Kitty. There is a lot that I still want to change but it'll require me to completely change major areas, which is kind of scary.
Things that are changed:
-Tail: gradient stripe.
-Toes: changed the skeleton and added in nail slots.
-Stripes: stabilized weak stripes and cleaned transitions.
-Neck: had to redo the neck and shoulder stripes because of internal conflict.
-Nose: it's more accurate than before.
Everything else was internal restructuring. I wanted to make the face a bit fatter but I'm really scared of going in there and changing everything. There are 134 pieces in the face; it's not fun to deal with when something needs changing.
I tried to redo the front legs but couldn't find a suitable replacement. So they're staying.
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Please support my Cuusoo creation Gyarados: lego.cuusoo.com/ideas/view/11113
If you're interested in a commission, email me at Retinence@gmail.com
Mezquita-catedral de Córdoba
La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba es el monumento más importante de todo el Occidente islámico y uno de los más asombrosos del mundo.
En su historia se resume la evolución completa del estilo omeya en España, además de los estilos gótico, renacentista y barroco de la construcción cristiana.
El edificio, declarado Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad en 1984 junto con el centro histórico de Córdoba, se comenzó a construir en el 786.
Esta basílica, de planta rectangular fue compartida por los cristianos y musulmanes durante un tiempo. Y cuando la población musulmana fue creciendo, la basílica fue adquirida totalmente por Abderraman I y enderrocada para la definitiva construcción de la primera Mezquita Alhama o principal de la ciudad.
La gran Mezquita consta de dos zonas diferenciadas, el patio exterior o sahn, porticado, donde se levanta el alminar (bajo la torre renacentista), única intervención de Abd al- Rahman III y la sala de oración interior o haram que se dispone sobre un concierto de columnas (856) de mármol, jaspe y granito y arcos de herradura bicolores (365) de gran efecto cromático.
Cinco son las zonas en las que se divide el recinto, correspondiendo cada una de ellas a las distintas ampliaciones llevadas a cabo
En 1238, tras la conquista de Córdoba por Fernando III el Santo, rey de Castilla y León, se llevó a cabo la reconversion de la mezquita en una catedral católica, en su parte central.
La Capilla Mayor de la catedral, fue ubicada en el centro geométrico sin provocar destrucciones arquitectónicas en la construcción.
Finalizada la llamada Reconquista y en medio de una gran polémica, en 1523 se empezó la construcción de una basílica renacentista de estilo plateresco como ampliación de la Capilla Mayor, en el mismo centro del edificio musulmán, cuyo resultado disgustó al mismo emperador Carlos V, quien lo había impulsado.
Hoy constituye el monumento más importante de Córdoba, y también de toda la arquitectura andalusí, junto con la Alhambra.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezquita-catedral_de_C%C3%B3rdoba
MOSQUE-CATHEDRAL OF CORDOVA
The Mosque - cathedral of Cordova is the most important monument of the whole Islamic West and one of the most amazing worldwide.
All along his history it summarizes the complete evolution of the so called omeya style in Spain, in addition to the Gothic, Renaissance and baroque styles typical from christian constructions.
The construction of this wonderful building, that was declared Cultural Heritage of the Humanity in 1984 together with the historical center of Cordova, was initiated in 786.
This basilica made in a rectangular plant was shared by both Christians and Muslims during a time.
And when the Moslem population was growing, the basilica was acquired totally by Abderraman I and demolished for the definitive construction of the first Mosque “Alhama” or principal of the city.
The great Mosque consists of two differentiated zones, the outside court or “sahn”, with arcades, where there gets up the renaissance type minaret, and the inside praying room or “haram” that it is arranged on a column concert (856) made out of marble, jasper and granite and designed with two-color horse-shoe (365) arches of great chromatic effect.
Five are the zones in which the enclosure is divided, each one corresponding to the different enlargements that were carried out.
In 1238, after the conquest of Cordova by Ferdinand III, said the Saint, king of Castile and León, it took place the restructuring of the mosque in a catholic cathedral, just in his center part.
The Major Chapel of the cathedral, was located in the geometric center without making architectural destructions in the building.
In 1525, once finished the so called Reconquest and in the middle of storm of controversy, it was initiated the construction of a “Renaissance type” basilica of plateresque style, as an extension of the already existimg Major Chapel, in the same center of the Moslem building, whose result disliked very much the emperor himself Carlos V, who stimulated it.
Today it constitutes the most important monument of Cordova, and also of the whole Andalusian architecture legacy together with the Alhambra.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezquita-catedral_de_C%C3%B3rdoba
MOSCHEA-CATTEDRALE DI CORDOVA
La Moschea-cattedrale di Cordova è il monumento più importante di tutto l'Occidente islamico ed uno dei più sorprendenti del mondo.
Nella sua storia si riassume l'evoluzione completa dello stile omeya in Spagna, oltre agli stili gotico, rinascimentale e barocco della costruzione cristiana.
L'edificio, dichiarato Patrimonio Culturale dell'Umanità in 1984 insieme al centro storico di Cordova, si cominciò a costruire nel 786.
Questa basilica, di pianta rettangolare fu condivisa dai cristiani e musulmani per un tempo. E quando la popolazione musulmana fu crescendo, la basilica fu acquisita totalmente per Abderraman I ed enderrocata per la definitiva costruzione della prima Moschea “Alhama” o principale della città.
La gran Moschea consta di due zone differenziate, il patio esterno o “sahn”, porticato, dove si alza il minareto, sotto la torre rinascimentale, unico intervento di Abd al - Rahman III e la sala di discorso interno o “haram” che fu disposta su un concerto di colonne (856), di marmo, marmo venato e granito ed archi ogivali bicolori (365), di gran effetto cromatico.
Cinque sono le zone nelle quali il recinto è diviso, corrispondendo ognuna di esse alle distinte ampliazioni portate a capo.
In 1238, dopo la conquista di Cordova per Fernando III il Santo, re della Castiglia e Leone, si portò a termine la riconversione della moschea in una cattedrale cattolica, proprio nella sua parte centrale.
La Cappella maggiore della cattedrale, fu ubicata nel centro geometrico senza provocare distruzioni architettoniche nella costruzione.
Nel 1525, una volta finita la chiamata Riconquista ed in mezzo ad una gran controversia, si incominciò la costruzione di una basilica rinascimentale di stile plateresco decisa come ampliazione della Cappella Maggiore, nello stesso centro dell'edificio musulmano il cui risultato disgustò lo stesso imperatore Carlos V chi l'aveva spinto.
Oggi costituisce il monumento più importante di Cordova, ed anche di tutta l'architettura andalusí, insieme all'Alhambra.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezquita-catedral_de_C%C3%B3rdoba
MESQUITA-CATEDRAL DE CORDOVA
La Mesquita-Catedral de Còrdova és el monument més important de tot l'Occident islàmic i un dels més sorprenents del món.
En la seva història es resumeix l'evolució completa de l'estil omeya a Espanya, a més dels estils gòtic, renaixentista i barroc de la construcció cristiana.
L'edifici, declarat Patrimoni Cultural de la Humanitat en 1984 juntament amb el centre històric de Còrdova, es va començar a construir en el 786.
Aquesta basílica, de planta rectangular va ser compartida pels cristians i musulmans durant un temps. I quan la població musulmana va ser creixent, la basílica va ser adquirida totalment per Abderraman I i va ser enderrocada per a la definitiva construcció de la primera Mesquita “Alhama” o principal de la ciutat.
La gran Mesquita consta de dues zones diferenciades, el pati exterior o “sahn”, porticat, on s'aixecà el minaret, única intervenció de *Abd al- *Rahman III i la sala d'oració interior o “haram” que es disposa sobre un concert de columnes (856) de marbre, jaspi i granit i arcs de ferradura “bicolors” (365) de gran efecte cromàtic.
Cinc són les zones en les quals es divideix el recinte, corresponent cadascuna d'elles a les diferents ampliacions dutes a terme
En 1238, després de la conquesta de Còrdova per Ferràn III el Sant, rei de Castella i Lleó, es va dur a terme la reconversio de la mesquita en una catedral catòlica, a la seva part central.
La Capella Major de la catedral, va ser situada en el centre geomètric sense provocar destruccions arquitectòniques en la construcció.
Finalitzada l'anomenada Reconquesta i enmig d'una gran polèmica, en 1523 es va començar la construcció d'una basílica renaixentista d'estil plateresc feta com a ampliació de la Capella Major, en el mateix centre de l'edifici musulmà, el resultat del qual va disgustar al mateix emperador Carlos V, qui ho havia estat impulsant.
Avui constitueix el monument més important de Còrdova, i també de tota l'arquitectura andalusina, juntament amb l’ Alhambra.
Europe, Germany, Freie Hansestadt Bremen, Bremen, Überseeinsel, Weser quay (slightly cut from all sides).
The town of Bremen shares many characteristics with Rotterdam. The massive damage of the WW2, the transformation of its old city harbour/industry zone. And it's lively alternative art and theatre culture.
Shown is quay of the Weser on the Übreseeinsel, an extensive urban redevelopment project that's converting the old harbour and industry zone of Bremen into a living, recreational and commercial quarter. There are many similarities with the Rotterdam 'Kop van Zuid' urban renewal project. In the BG is the closed Kellogg factory.
This is number 106 of the Urban restructuring (World) album. And number 72 of the Way of the crowd album.
Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Bozen), Italy.
Runkelstein Castle (German: Schloss Runkelstein; Italian: Castel Roncolo) is a medieval fortification on a rocky spur in the territory of Ritten, near the city of Bolzano in South Tyrol, Italy. In 1237 Alderich Prince-Bishop of Trent gave the brothers Friedrich and Beral Lords of Wangen permission to construct a castle on the rock then called Runchenstayn.
In 1277 it was damaged during a siege by Meinhard II of Tirol, who after winning the war against Heinrich Prince-Bishop of Trent, entrusted the castle to Gottschalk Knoger of Bozen. In 1385 the Niklaus and Franz Vintler wealthy merchant brothers from Bozen bought the castle. Niklaus was counselor and financier of the Count of Tyrol, Leopold III, Duke of Austria, which allowed them to buy the castle, a type of residence unfitting – in those times – for people of their rank. The brothers Vintler commissioned a vast restructuring of the castle: a new defense wall, moat, a cistern and more rooms were built. In 1390 the construction of the Summer House began. The house was painted with frescoes, for which the castle is most famous today, inside and outside. The frescoes topics were of literary nature, depicting i.e. King Arthur and his knights, Tristan and Isolde, Dietrich von Bern. The family also commissioned the frescoes in the Western and Eastern Palace. They were created by an unknown master and some of them depict scenes from Pleiers romance Garel (Wikipedia).
PLEASE, NO GRAPHICS, BADGES, OR AWARDS IN COMMENTS. They will be deleted.
Post-BP Period: 2004-present[edit]
In 2004 BP decided to divest its worldwide olefins and derivatives business: the sale included the Refinery and connected petrochemicals complex (excluding the Kinneil terminal and Forties Pipeline System, which BP retained until FPS was sold to Ineos in 2017).
In 2005 the new company created to run this business was named Innovene, which later that same year was purchased by Ineos, the largest privately owned chemicals company based in the UK.
Ineos Refining, which included both the Grangemouth and Lavera (outside Marseilles, France) Refineries, in 2011 entered into a 50%/50% joint venture with the Chinese state oil company Petrochina, to form the PetroIneos company.
Grangemouth Refinery today employs around 650 people over a 700 hectare site.
Scenes from the 2013 film World War Z featuring Brad Pitt were filmed near the facility.[3] [4] [5]
In November 2020, the business announced the ”mothballing” of the oldest of the three Crude Oil Distillation Units, and its Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit, both of which had been shut down since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This would also be accompanied by the loss of up to 200 jobs, or around 1/3 of the permanent workforce.[6]
The business blamed this restructuring on the reduction in demand for road and jet fuels, a direct result of the pandemic, combined with a gradual long-term increase in the electrification of road vehicles, and a decreased reliance on fossil fuels. This would reduce the total Refinery throughput from 210,000 to 150,000 barrels per stream day.[7]
The Belgian Air Force was one of the first four international customers for the F-16 Fighting Falcon. Belgium ordered a total of 160 F-16s in two batches. Heavy attrition and restructuring of the armed forces reduced the operational inventory to 54 aircraft.
Piazza Augusto Imperatore
As part of restructuring of Rome, Mussolini created the Piazza Augusto Imperatore to celebrate the 2,000th anniversary of Augustus’ birth. In the centre was the Mausoleum of Augustus. He had the area surrounding destroyed, leaving only churches and in its place he had built four buildings that now surround the mausoleum. We had just arrived in the afternoon for our 1st night in Rome (1 of 4). I took a number of pictures of the front of the building and had intended to go back to see the mausoleum but never did. C’est la vie.
Die 1124 - 1242 erbaute Kathedrale wurde im Volksmund „The Lantern of the North“ – die Leuchte des Nordens – genannt und war damals die größte Kathedrale Schottlands. Sie wurde durch mehrere Brände und in den Wirren der Reformation zerstört. Das dazugehörige Kapitelhaus wurde nach einem Brand 1270 erbaut und zwischen 1482 und 1501 erneuert. Es ist größtenteils erhalten.
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The cathedral—dedicated to the Holy Trinity—was established in 1224. After a damaging fire in 1270, a rebuilding programme greatly enlarged the building, but again destroyed by an extensive fire damage in 1390. By the time of the Scottish Reformation in 1560, the cathedral was abandoned.
A mostly intact octagonal chapter house dates from the major enlargement after the fire of 1270. Probably the last important rebuilding feature was the major restructuring of the chapterhouse between 1482 and 1501.
Caribbean Airlines are now a short haul airline of the Caribbean with 737 and ATR. For a short period they did enter the long haul market with two 767's, routing to the UK. However these were ceased as part of a restructuring. flic.kr/p/qNAZvB
La Risiera di San Sabba – stabilimento per la pilatura del riso edificato nel 1898 – venne utilizzata dopo l’8 settembre 1943 dall’occupatore nazista come campo di prigionia, e destinato in seguito allo smistamento dei deportati diretti in Germania e Polonia, al deposito dei beni razziati e alla detenzione ed eliminazione di ostaggi, partigiani, detenuti politici ed ebrei. Il 4 aprile 1944 venne messo in funzione anche un forno crematorio. Nel 1965 la Risiera di San Sabba fu dichiarata Monumento Nazionale con decreto del Presidente della Repubblica. Nel 1975 la Risiera, ristrutturata su progetto dell’architetto Romano Boico, divenne Civico Museo della Risiera di San Sabba.
Fonte: www.risierasansabba.it
Risiera di San Sabba” is a former rice-husking facility that was built in 1898. After September 8, 1943, the Nazi occupation forces used the premises as prison camp, headquarters where deported prisoners were sorted out to be sent to Germany and Poland, raided goods depot, prison and extermination camp for hostages, partisans, political and Jewish prisoners. On April 4, 1944 a crematory plant was installed and made operative. In 1965, a decree issued by the President of the Republic raised the “Risiera di San Sabba” to the status of National Monument. As of 1975, following restructuring interventions according to architect Romano Boico’s plan, the premises house the “Civico Museo della Risiera di San Sabba”.
Source: www.risierasansabba.it
"Rothenburg ob der Tauber (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːtn̩bʊʁk ʔɔp deːɐ̯ ˈtaʊbɐ]) is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia), the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. It is well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. It is part of the popular Romantic Road through southern Germany. Today it is one of only three towns in Germany that still have completely intact city walls, the other two being Nördlingen and Dinkelsbühl, both also in Bavaria.
Rothenburg was a free imperial city from the late Middle Ages to 1803. In 1884 Johann Friedrich (von) Hessing (1838–1918) built Wildbad Rothenburg o.d.T. 1884–1903.
The name "Rothenburg ob der Tauber" is German for "Red castle above the Tauber", describing the town's location on a plateau overlooking the Tauber River. Rothenburg Castle, in close vicinity to the village and also called Alte Burg (old castle), gave the city its name.
Around 32% of Rothenburg ob der Tauber, mainly in the eastern half of the town, had to be repaired or rebuilt after being bombed in World War II (with most outer walls still standing and used for the rebuild houses). Many of the rebuilt facades can now be distinguished from the surviving medieval structures as being plainer, reconstruction aiming not to replicate exactly what stood before, only to rebuild in the same style as the surviving buildings so that the new buildings would still fit into the overall aesthetic of the town. Any surviving walls of bombed-out buildings were kept in their reconstructed facades as much as possible. In the case of more significant or iconic structures, such as the town hall, whose roof was destroyed, and parts of the town wall, restoration to their original state was done as accurately as possible, and they now appear exactly as they did before the war. Donations for the rebuilding works in Rothenburg were received from all over the world, and rebuilt parts of the walls feature commemorative bricks with donor names.
The older western section from which the medieval town originated and contains most of the town's historic monuments, did not suffer from the bombing. Thus, most of the buildings in the west and the south of Rothenburg still exist today in their original medieval or prewar state. It is also noteworthy that while the eastern walls and towers received bomb damage, they, unlike the houses in that part of town, remained relatively intact; many parts even survived completely because of their sturdy stone construction. In most cases, only the wooden upper portions or roofs of the eastern towers and walls needed to be rebuilt, and most of their stone structure had been preserved.
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍]) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous city is Nuremberg.
After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke (singular Regierungsbezirk)), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.
In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to eight. One of these was the Rezatkreis (Rezat District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the district name of Rezatkreis changed to Middle Franconia.
Next to the major city Nuremberg, the capital Ansbach and the former residence city Erlangen, the towns of the Romantic Road Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Dinkelsbühl belong to the major tourist attractions. The Lichtenau Fortress, Rothenberg Fortress, Hohenstein and Cadolzburg belong to the most important castles of Middle Franconia. The Franconian Jura and the northern valley of the River Altmühl are among the scenic attractions.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
"Aschaffenburg (German pronunciation: [aˈʃafn̩bʊʁk]; South Franconian: Aschebersch) is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not part of the district of Aschaffenburg, but is its administrative seat.
Aschaffenburg belonged to the Archbishopric of Mainz for more than 800 years. The town is located at the westernmost border of Lower Franconia and separated from the central and eastern part of the Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) by the Spessart hills, whereas it opens towards the Rhine-Main plain in the west and north-west. Therefore, the inhabitants speak neither Bavarian nor East Franconian but rather a local version of Rhine Franconian.
The town is located on both sides of the Main in north-west Bavaria, bordering to Hesse. On a federal scale it is part of central Germany, just 41 kilometers (25 mi) southeast of Frankfurt am Main. In the western part of the municipality, the smaller Aschaff flows into the Main. The region is also known as Bayerischer Untermain ("Bavarian Lower Main").
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke, singular Regierungsbezirk), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.
In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to 8. One of these was the Untermainkreis (Lower Main District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the name Untermainkreis changed to Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, but the city name was dropped in the middle of the 20th century, leaving just Lower Franconia.
From 1933, the regional Nazi Gauleiter, Otto Hellmuth, (who had renamed his party Gau "Mainfranken") insisted on renaming the government district Mainfranken as well. He encountered resistance from Bavarian state authorities but finally succeeded in having the name of the district changed, effective 1 June 1938. After 1945 the name Unterfranken was restored.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Europe, Spain, Andalusia, Sevilla, Plaza de la Encarnacion, Metropol parasol, El Mirador, People, Clouds (slightly cut from L&B)
The last of the Metropol Parasol aka 'Setas de Sevilla" mini-series. The Berlin architect Jürgen Mayer designed the edifice which opened in 2011. It's on the location of a demolished market. Through its modular construction it has a somewhat structuralist feel to it, but it, of course, doesn't tick the other boxes of the style.
In the bowels of the 'Setas' are a new food market and a museum space where you can visit the ancient (Roman) foundations of the city. Another function of the edifice was to refresh and modernize the urban image of Sevilla.
At the planning stage, there was opposition - the Semana Sancta organizers were against it and, strange enough, a Spanish-German trade organization too. Perhaps it was a bit too much of a "fremdkörper" in the middle of town. But in the six years of its existence, it has become an organic element of the town. And the view it offers on the town and its surroundings is wonderful. It's, by the way, the largest wooden structure in the world. A fire retardant layer covers the wood. Check out an interview with the architect: here.
Oh, the entrance to El Mirador, the fabulous walkway on top of the edifice can be hard to find - it's on the left in this pic. It's also the way to enter the archeological museum in the basement.
This is number 96 of the 'Urban restructuring (World) album about growth and redevelopment in the urbanized world here. And it's number 61 of the The way of the crowd album - a set of contextualized pictures of crowds in action
Number Seven blast furnace, one of the largest in North America, has a capacity of 2.9 million nTPA, a working volume of 83,567 cubic feet, and was completed in 1975 by Ashmore Benson Pease and Company.
Essar Steel Algoma is currently, again, under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act: A Canadian law that allows financially troubled corporations the opportunity to plan and restructure their affairs to avoid bankruptcy.
Essar Steel Algoma has been renamed (May 2017) simply as Algoma.
Third and final Viper of the year. Had to powerbuild pretty hard and this thing had to go through some major restructuring to make sure it didn't completely fall apart. Still pretty precarious, but holding in there. Had rough time finding the last of the technic wing things, almost thought I would have to post it in December! I'm 3 for 3 on nnenn bricks!
This brings my MOC total to a record 13! Will need to take a group photo and then scrap.
The Niobides square is a fountain created by Balthus, from casts of ancient sculptures. Michel Bourbon (1976) made the molds The Academy of France, created by Louis XIV in 1666, was transferred to the city of Medici in 1804, by Napoleon. The villa was restructured in 1564 on behalf of Cardinal Giovanni Ricci di Montepulciano before becoming the property of the Medici. Today it depends on the French Ministry of Culture. The building is characteristic of Roman villas of the 16th and 17th centuries, with loggia, facade decorated with ancient elements, statues and Italian garden with alleys, fountains, sculptures, studiolo. www.villamedici.it/ In the garden, all of the sculptures of Niobe and his children: the Niobids have been reconstructed using casts and staged in their original environment, the originals are kept in a museum in Rome . The sumptuous staging of the Niobids reveals the destiny reserved for those who dare to challenge the power of the Gods. In Greek mythology, Niobe, wife of the king of Thebes, Amphion, and proud mother of seven sons and seven daughters, laughed at Leto, who had only given birth to Apollo and Artemis. The latter, to take revenge, killed the children of Niobe with arrows. It was then that Niobe asked and obtained from Zeus to be changed into a weeping statue. This ancient set of sculptures, unique in its kind by virtue of the number of statues, was discovered thanks to archaeological excavations dating from the end of the 12th century and was subsequently acquired by Ferdinand de Medici. The forms of these sculptures, rich in pathos, have served as a model for many artists, including Nicolas Poussin (Écho and Narcisse). extract from the official site of the Medici villa
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© 2020 François de Nodrest / Pantchoa - All rights reserved.
Levi arrived in Aliano to find an abject poverty in stark contrast of his prosperous home region, which seemed a world away. The remote locale was neglected and remained outside of time while resources were focused on northern industrial technologies and interests. Levi spent his year of political exile in Aliano under house arrest, acting as town physician while painting local scenes and characters, and taking detailed journalistic notes which he would use to write his well-known book, Christ Stopped at Eboli. From his stone house on the edge of the village, Levi observed, interacted with, tended to, painted, and chronicled the life, hardships, and contrasts of a place within his own country that was foreign to him.
When he was released from his house arrest, Levi penned his most famous work which shed light on the political, economic and social problems of the south, and would eventually bring attention and change to the region. And the town of Aliano could not have been more grateful.
Today, Aliano is still small and still remote, but the appearance, well-being and status of the town are very different thanks to Levi, whose writings and presence continue to live on there. Many of the buildings have been spruced up and restructured, with more work obviously underway. The place looks tended to and cared for, unlike the descriptions of squalor that Levi chronicled upon his arrival.
Tourists from across Italy come on a sort of pilgrimage, clutching dog-eared copies of the book, and cars bearing license plates from other European countries are parked in the municipal lot.
Aliano has been designated a “literary park,” making it a sort of open-air museum. Plaques with quotes of Levi’s descriptions are affixed to buildings so visitors can tour the town and see it through his eyes and words. The house of his internment has been preserved and turned into a museum containing documents and lithographs donated by Levi. Many of his paintings are on display in the Museo della Civilta` Contadina (Museum of Peasant Culture).
"Zell (Mosel) is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Zell has roughly 4,300 inhabitants and is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
Zell is an hour's drive from both Koblenz and Trier, more or less halfway between these two cities. The nearest town going towards Koblenz is Cochem, and the nearest two going towards Trier are Traben-Trarbach and Bernkastel-Kues. To both Frankfurt-Hahn Airport on the Hunsrück and the spa town of Bad Bertrich in the Voreifel it is half an hour's drive. The parts of town lying on the river, the Old Town, Kaimt and Merl, are at an elevation of roughly 100 m above sea level on a remarkable bow in the river Moselle, known as the Zeller Hamm.
Zell was founded by the Romans sometime later than AD 70. The outlying centre of Kaimt had its first documentary mention in 732 or 733. In 1222, Zell was granted town rights. Beginning in 1332, it was an Electoral-Trier town and until 1794 the seat of an Electoral-Trier Oberamt. With the occupation of the Rhine’s left bank by French Revolutionary troops in 1794, the town became French. In 1814 Zell was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Fires in 1848 and 1857 destroyed a great deal of the Old Town. Since 1946, the town has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. In 1950 came the amalgamation of Kaimt. Until 1969, Zell was the district seat of the now abolished district of the same name. In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, this was merged with the neighbouring district to form the district of Cochem-Zell, whose seat is at Cochem. Along with the loss of the district seat also came the loss of many other centres of authority and various other institutions. On 7 June 1969 came the amalgamation of Merl. The town has also distinguished itself with the establishment of many businesses, particularly in the outlying centre of Barl up in the heights." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Become a patron to my photography on Patreon.
"Town hall, free-standing gable roof building on three sides with plastered half-timbered structure protruding on consoles to the west, solid narrow sides, with stepped gables, clock tower with pointed helmet, house Madonna and outside staircase with late Gothic tracery parapet, before 1497 to around 1513, with an eastern, two-story extension with a gable roof and stepped gable, 1514– 1515, with furnishings.
Ochsenfurt (German: [ˈɔksn̩ˌfʊʁt]) is a town in the district of Würzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. Ochsenfurt is located on the left bank of the River Main and has around 11,000 inhabitants. This makes it the largest town in Würzburg district.
Like Oxford, the town of Ochsenfurt is named after a ford where oxen crossed the river.
The town is situated on the left bank of the River Main, 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of Würzburg.
Ochsenfurt was one of the places in Germany where King Richard I of England was detained in 1193 while on his way to England from the Third Crusade.
A monastery, Tückelhausen Charterhouse, dedicated to Saints Lambert, John the Baptist, and George, was founded in 1138 by Otto I, Bishop of Bamberg, as a double canonry of the Premonstratensians. From 1351 it belonged to the Carthusians and was secularised in 1803.
The charterhouse was largely converted for private residential use and since 1991 contains a museum of Carthusian life.
Ochsenfurt also features several Protestant and Roman Catholic churches, among them that of St Michael (Michaelskapelle), a Gothic edifice.
In 1911 there was a considerable trade in wine and agricultural products, other industries being brewing and malting. Ochsenfurt also has one of the largest sugar factories in Germany.
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke, singular Regierungsbezirk), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.
In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to 8. One of these was the Untermainkreis (Lower Main District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the name Untermainkreis changed to Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, but the city name was dropped in the middle of the 20th century, leaving just Lower Franconia.
From 1933, the regional Nazi Gauleiter, Otto Hellmuth, (who had renamed his party Gau "Mainfranken") insisted on renaming the government district Mainfranken as well. He encountered resistance from Bavarian state authorities but finally succeeded in having the name of the district changed, effective 1 June 1938. After 1945 the name Unterfranken was restored.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Gallery of the Candelabra, Vatican Museums
This gallery takes its name from the massive marble candelabra, which, together with the colored marble columns, divide the exhibition area into six sections. Arranged under Pope Pius VI Braschi between 1785 and 1788, the gallery was completely renovated during the pontificate of Pope Leo XIII Pecci and this is the decoration you see today. This restructuring was carried out by Annibale Angelini, who appointed Domenico Torti and Ludwig Seitz for the paintings, and Giuseppe Rinaldi and Luigi Medici for the marble inlays. The works were arranged like furnishings, following symmetrical criteria compatible with the architecture of the gallery, to which one gains access through monumental bronze gates, still in place today.
(m.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani-mobile/en/collez...)
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Italien / Lombardei - Bellagio
Bellagio (Italian: [belˈlaːdʒo]; Comasco: Belàs [beˈlaːs]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is located on Lake Como, also known by its Latin-derived name Lario, whose arms form an inverted Y. The triangular land mass at the base of the inverted Y is the Larian Triangle: at its northern point sits Bellagio, looking across to the northern arm of the lake and, behind it, the Alps. It has always been famous for its location It belongs to a mountain community named Comunità montana del Triangolo lariano (Larian Triangle mountain community), based in Canzo.
Geography
Bellagio is situated upon the cape of the land mass that divides Lake Como in two. The city centre occupies the tip of the promontory, while other districts are scattered along the lake shores and up the slopes of the hills. The great Pleistocene glaciations with their imposing flows coming from the Valtellina and Valchiavenna modelled the actual landscape of Lake Como: at least four times the glaciers went as far as Brianza to the south. From the ancient glacial blanket only the highest tops emerged, one of them Mount St. Primo, which obliged the glaciers to divide into two arms.
Nowadays, a luxuriance of trees and flowers is favoured by a mild and sweet climate. The average daytime temperature during winter is rarely below 6 to 7 °C (43 to 45 °F), while during summer it is around 25 to 28 °C (77 to 82 °F), mitigated during the afternoon by the characteristic breva, the gentle breeze of Lake Como.
The Borgo
The historic centre of Bellagio shelters 350m southwest of the promontory of the Larian Triangle, between the Villa Serbelloni on the hill and the Como arm of the lake. At the far tip of the promontory are a park and a marina. Parallel to the shore are three streets, Mazzini, Centrale and Garibaldi in ascending order. Cutting across them to form a sloped grid are seven medieval stone stairs ("salite") running uphill. The Basilica of San Giacomo and a stone tower, sole relic of medieval defences ("Torre delle Arti Bellagio"), sit in a piazza at the top.
History
Before the Romans
Even though there are signs of a human presence around Bellagio in the Paleolithic Period (about 30,000 years ago), it is only in the 7th to 5th centuries BC that there appears on the promontory a castellum, perhaps a place of worship and of exchange which served the numerous small villages on the lake.
The first identifiable inhabitants of the territory of Bellagio, from 400BC, were the Insubres, a Celtic tribe in part of Lombardy and on Lake Como up to the centre of the lake, occupying the western shore (the Orobii had the northern arm of the lake and its east bank). The Insubres lived free and independently until the arrival of the Gauls, led by Belloveso, who, around the year 600 BC, undid the Insubres and settled in Milan and Como, occupying the shores of the lake and creating a garrison at the extreme point of their conquest, Bellagio (fancifully Bellasium, named after their commander Belloveso). The Gauls thus became Gallo-Insubres, merged with the primitive inhabitants and introduced their customs and traditions, leaving traces in local names: Crux Galli (now Grosgalla), on the side of Lezzeno, and Gallo, a small chapel on the old road of Limonta which marks today the border between the two municipalities.
The Romans
In 225 BC, the territory of the Gallo-Insubres was occupied by the Romans, in their gradual expansion to the north. The Romans, led by consul Marcus Claudius Marcellus, defeated the Gallo-Insubres in a fierce battle near Camerlata, occupying Como and the shores of the lake. Insubre hopes of independence were raised by an alliance with Hannibal during the Second Punic War, but dashed by defeat in 104 BC and absorption into a Roman province in 80 BC.
Bellagio became both a Roman garrison and a point of passage and wintering for the Roman armies on their way through to the province of Raetia and the Splügen pass. Troops wintered at the foot of the present Villa Serbelloni, sheltered from north winds and the Mediterranean climate. Such variant Latin names as Belacius and Bislacus suggest Bellagio was originally Bi-lacus ("between the lakes").
Between 81 and 77 BC Cornelius Scipio brought 3,000 Latin colonists to Lake Como. From 59 BC Julius Caesar, as pro-consul, brought up another 5000 colonists, most importantly 500 Greeks from Sicily. Their names are still borne by their descendants. Bellagio became a mixture of races which became more and more complex in the following centuries. Also it increased its strategic importance because, as well as a place for wintering, it sheltered warships especially at Loppia, where the natural creek made it easy to repair them. Around Loppia there formed one of the first suburbs of Bellagio.
The Romans introduced many Mediterranean crops, including the olive and bay laurel; from the name of the latter (Laurus) derives the Latin name of Lake Como (Larius). Among the other plant species introduced were the chestnut, already widespread in southern Italy, the cypress, so well naturalised today as to be considered native, and many kinds of herbaceous plants.
In the early decades of the Empire, two great figures brought fame to the lake and Bellagio: Virgil and Pliny the Younger. Virgil, the Latin poet, visited Bellagio and remembered the lake in the second book of the Georgics, verse 155 ("or great Lario"). Pliny the Younger, resident in Como for most of the year, had, among others, a summer villa near the top of the hill of Bellagio; it was known as "Tragedy". Pliny describes in a letter the long periods he spent in his Bellagio villas, not only studying and writing but also hunting and fishing.
Through Bellagio passed, in 9 AD, the Roman legions (partly composed of soldiers from the Bellagio garrison) led by Publius Quinctilius Varus, which had to cross the Splügen pass into Germany against Arminius. They were annihilated in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
The Middle Ages
At the time of the barbarian invasions, Narses, a general of Justinian, in his long wanderings through Italy waging war, created along Lake Como a fortified line against the Goths. The line included the fortress of Bellagio, the Isola Comacina and the Castel Baradello.
Nevertheless, around 568 the Lombards, led by Alboin, poured into the Po Valley and settled in various parts of Lombardy, in the valleys of the Alps and along the lakes. Even the fortress of Bellagio was occupied. In 744 King Liutprand settled there.
With their arrival in Italy, the Franks of Charlemagne descended on Piedmont and Lombardy and, through the high Alps, defeated the Lombards in the battle of Pavia of 773. The Lombard territory was divided into counties — thus the beginning of feudalism. Bellagio found itself in the county of Milan under the suzerainty of the Frankish kings.
The grandson of Charlemagne, Lothair, having deposed his father in 834, invested as feudal lords of the territory of Limonta and Civenna the monks of Saint Ambrose of Milan (together with the territory of Campione d'Italia). The inhabitants of these two places, which later belonged ecclesiastically to the parish of Bellagio (St. John), were obliged to hand over some of their produce (olive oil, chestnuts ...) to the monks, an obligation preserved for several centuries.
There followed the rule of the Ottonian dynasty of Germany. During the reign of Henry V began a long war over the succession to the bishop of Como between Milan, supporting a bishop imposed by the German Emperor, and Como, which had already designated as bishop Guido Grimoldi, consecrated by the Pope. The war lasted ten years (1117–1127), with a series of small victories and defeats on land and water. Bellagio participated with its fleet as an ally of Milan, Isola Comacina and Gravedona. The war ended with the destruction of Como and its subjection to Milan, from which it took decades to recover. It is thought that by 1100 Bellagio was already a free commune and seat of a tribunal and that its dependence on Como was merely formal. However the strategic position of Bellagio was very important for the city of Como, and Bellagio had therefore to suffer more than one incursion from Como and fought numerous naval battles against its neighbour. In 1154, under Frederick Barbarossa, Bellagio was forced to swear loyalty and pay tribute to Como.
In 1169, after the destruction of Milan by Frederick Barbarossa (1162), Como attacked Isola Comacina, devastating it and forcing the inhabitants to flee to Varenna and Bellagio, at that time considered impregnable fortresses. The Lombard League was formed, in which Bellagio also participated as an ally of Milan, intervening in the Battle of Legnano (1176) against Barbarossa and Como.
The Renaissance and the Baroque
Towards the end of the 13th century, Bellagio, which had participated in numerous wars on the side of the Ghibellines (the pro-empire party), became part of the property of the House of Visconti and was integrated into the Duchy of Milan.
In 1440, during the lordship of the Visconti, some Cernobbiesi attacked the prison of Bellagio in which the inmates were political prisoners. Liberated, they took flight into mountains of Bellagio, settling in a town that took the name of Cernobbio in memory of the country of origin of their liberators.
With the death of Filippo Maria, the House of Visconti lost power. For a short time the area was transformed into the Ambrosian Republic (1447–50), until Milan capitulated to Francesco Sforza, who became Duke of Milan and Lombardy. Bellagio, whose territory (and especially the fortress) was occupied by the troops of Sforza in 1449 during the war of succession, was one of the first towns on the lake to take sides and adhere to Sforza rule.
In 1508, under Ludovico il Moro (1479–1508), the estate of Bellagio was taken from the bishop of Como and assigned to the Marquis of Stanga, treasurer, ambassador and friend of il Moro. Stanga built a new villa on Bellagio hill, later ruined in a raid by Cavargnoni.
In 1535, when Francesco II Sforza (the last Duke of Milan) died, there started for Lombardy and the land around the Lake of Lario two centuries of Spanish rule (the period in which Alessandro Manzoni's novel The Betrothed is set). The so-called Derta steps that lead from the neighbourhood of Guggiate to that of Suira were built under the Spanish.
In 1533, Francesco Sfondrati, married to a Visconti, had acquired the fiefdom of Bellagio and for more than 200 years the Sfondrati family, from the highest rank of Milanese society, ruled Bellagio. The ruins of the sumptuous Stanga building were restructured by Francesco and, successively, by Ercole Sfondrati, who spent the last years of his life in pious religious passion in the villa. On the same peninsula he built the church and convent of the Capuchins (1614), investing enormous capital in the setting, where appeared cypress trees and sweet olives.
Favoured by Bellagio's ideal position for transport and trade, various small industries flourished, most notably candle-making and silk weaving with its concomitant silk worms and mulberry trees. With the death in 1788 of Carlo, last of the Sfondrati, Bellagio passed to Count Alessandro Serbelloni, henceforth Serbelloni Sfondrati.
The 18th and 19th centuries
During the brief Napoleonic period, the port of Bellagio assumed military and strategic importance. A decision, apparently of secondary importance, was to guide the destiny of Bellagio for the two succeeding two centuries: the decision of Count Francesco Melzi d'Eril, Duke of Lodi and Vice President of the Cisalpine Republic to establish here his summer home. Count Melzi proceeded to build a villa on the west bank near Loppia. That brought to the area the flower of the Milanese nobility and the promontory was transformed into an elegant and refined court.[citation needed] Roads suitable for carriages were built, first of all to link the villas and the palaces and then towards the town centre; finally the provincial road Erba–Bellagio was completed. The fame of the lakeside town became well known outside the borders of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia: even the Emperor Francis I of Austria visited in 1816 and returned in 1825 to stay in the Villas Serbelloni, Trotti and Melzi.
The Romantic discovery of landscape was changing how the Italian lakes were seen. Stendhal had first visited in 1810:
What can one say about Lake Maggiore, about the Borromean Islands, about Lake Como, unless it be that one pities those who are not madly in love with them ... the sky is pure, the air mild, and one recognises the land beloved of the gods, the happy land that neither barbarous invasions nor civil discords could deprive of its heaven-sent blessings.
At Bellagio he was the guest of the Melzi d’Eril, from whose villa he wrote:
I isolate myself in a room on the second floor; there, I lift my gaze to the most beautiful view in the world, after the Gulf of Naples ...
Franz Liszt and his mistress Comtesse Marie d'Agoult stayed for four months of 1837 on their way from Switzerland to Como and Milan. In Bellagio he wrote many of the piano pieces which became Album d'un voyageur (1835–38), landscapes seen through the eyes of Byron and Senancour. These works contributed much to the image of Bellagio and the lake as a site of Romantic feeling. D'Agoult's letters show they were sadly aware of drawing an age of motorised tourism in their train.
In 1838, Bellagio received with all honours the Emperor Ferdinand I, the Archduke Rainer and the Minister Metternich, who came from Varenna on the Lario, the first steamboat on the lake, launched in 1826. Bellagio was one of the localities most frequented by the Lombardy nobility and saw the construction of villas and gardens. Luxury shops opened in the village and tourists crowded onto the lakeshore drive. Space was not sufficient and it was decided to cover the old port which came up as far as the arcade in order to construct a large square.
Gustav Flaubert visited Bellagio in 1845. He told his travel diary:
One could live and die here. The outlook seems designed as a balm to the eyes. ... the horizon is lined with snow and the foreground alternates between the graceful and the rugged — a truly Shakespearean landcape [sic], all the forces of nature are brought together, with an overwhelming sense of vastness.
The Risorgimento
In 1859, as part of the Second Italian War of Independence, Garibaldi's Hunters of the Alps defeated Austrian troops at San Fermo, entering Como and bringing the province under Piedmontese rule. Bellagio thus became part of the Kingdom of Italy under the House of Savoy until Germany created in 1943 the puppet Italian Social Republic under Benito Mussolini.
Tourism in the Kingdom of Italy had now become the principal economic resource of the people of Bellagio and from this period on the history of Bellagio coincides with that of its hotels. The first was the present Hotel Metropole, founded in 1825 from the transformation of the old hostelry of Abbondio Genazzini into the first real hotel on the Lario, the Hotel Genazzini. Following this example in the space of a few years came several splendid hotels many of which are still operating, frequently in the hands of the same families who founded them: the Hotel Firenze, built on the old house of the captain of the Lario opened in 1852; the Grand Hotel Bellagio (now the Grand Hotel Villa Serbelloni) opened in 1872. In 1888 the three largest hotels (Genazzini, Grande Bretagne and Grand Hotel Bellagio) first replaced gaslight with electric, and only after this were they followed by many patrician houses. Bellagio was one of the first Italian tourist resorts to become international, but it has never degenerated into a place of mass tourism.
The 20th century
Bellagio was part of the Italian Social Republic (RSI) from 1943 to 1945. The Futurist writer and poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, a Mussolini loyalist who had helped shape Fascist philosophy, remained in the RSI as a propagandist until his death from a heart attack at Bellagio in December, 1944.
Luchino Visconti put Bellagio in a scene of his film Rocco and His Brothers (1960). The scene is on the Europa Promenade, between the pier and the half-derelict Hotel Grande Bretagne. Rocco implies that the old hotels are fading along with the empires they served. The fact that working-class Rocco and his girlfriend are there to make the observation implies in turn the new world of mass tourism replacing them. Ironies lie beyond the scope of the film: the new American empire would find uses of its own for Bellagio.
In 2014, Bellagio merged with the town of Civenna: the new municipality retains the name of Bellagio.
Buildings
Churches
Basilica of San Giacomo [it], in the Piazza della Chiesa; Lombard-Romanesque 1075–1125. The base of the bell tower incorporates ancient town defences; the top is 18th century. Inside, a 12th-century cross, a 1432 triptych by Foppa, a 16th-century altarpiece. The Bar Sport across the square occupies a former monastery.
Church of San Giorgio, next to the town hall. The church was built 1080–1120. Inside, a statue and fresco of Our Lady of the Belt. The Genazzini Stairs run under the bell tower to the public library.
Church of San Martino, in Visgnola;
Church of Sant'Antonio Abate, in Casate;
Church of San Carlo Borromeo, to Aureggio;
Church of San Biagio, in Pescallo;
Church of Sant'Andrea, in Guggiate.
Villas
Along the banks of the promontory of Bellagio are many old patrician houses, each surrounded by parks and gardens of trees. Some like Villa Serbelloni and Villa Melzi d'Eril are open to the public.
Villa Serbelloni
Just behind the hill of the promontory into the lake, protected from the winds, is the building complex of Villa Serbelloni. The villa dominates the town's historic centre. It can be reached from Via Garibaldi. It was built in the 15th century in place of an old castle razed in 1375. Villa Serbelloni was later rebuilt several times. In 1788 it came into the possession of Alessandro Serbelloni (1745–1826) who enriched it with precious decorations and works of art of the 17th and 18th centuries. Today you can visit only the gardens. The trails, as well as the villa, lead to the remains of the 16th-century Capuchin monastery and the Sfondrata, a residence built by the Sfondrati family indeed, overlooking the Lecco branch of the lake.
On the inside, elegant halls with vault and coffered ceilings follow one another accurately decorated in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. All around, the park develops along most of the promontory of Bellagio with vast tracts of thick woods where the Serbelloni gardeners had traced paths which nowadays still lead the way amongst the small clearings and English style gardens.
As noted by Balbiani, rather than being a garden, it is a real "wood, opened by spacious and comfortable paths, and plants with all generations of high trunk trees"; amongst which, oak trees, conifers, fir trees, holm oaks, osmanti, myrtles and junipers, "but above all trees, here situated is the pine tree, which, with its gnarled trunk acts as a screen against the storms".
Occasionally, the vegetation thins out at panoramic points which overlook the two branches of the lake, offering a prospect from the slopes of the hill, where the rose bushes flower during the season with their varied colours. The roughness of the rocky plane along the winding path which goes up to the villa has not stopped the construction of terraces and flower beds with yews and boxes trimmed geometrically. Along the upper part of the park is a long row of cypress trees and some palm trees of considerable dimensions.
In 1905, the villa was transformed into a luxury hotel. In 1959 it became the property of the Rockefeller Foundation of New York at the bequest of the American-born Princess of Thurn and Taxis (wife of Alessandro, 1st Duke of Castel Duino), who had bought it in 1930. Since 1960 the Bellagio Center in the villa has been home to international conferences housed in the former villa or in the grounds. In addition, outstanding scholars and artists are selected for one-month residencies year-round.
Quite different is the Grand Hotel Villa Serbelloni on the water's edge. A luxurious neo-classical villa built in the 1850s for an aristocratic Milanese family became the nucleus of the (then-called) Grand Hotel Bellagio, opened in 1873. The hotel retains its original Belle Époque fittings.
Villa Melzi d'Eril
This significant building overlooking the lake was built between 1808 and 1815 by the architect Giocondo Albertolli for Francesco Melzi d'Eril, created Duke of Lodi (the city of Lodi, Lombardy) by Napoleon for whom he filled the role of vice-president of the Italian Republic from 1802. From 1805, with the advent of the short-lived Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, he was its Chancellor.
Even after his political career had ended, since this was a Melzi residence, the construction, which he wanted as elegant as the Royal Villa of Monza and the other villas around Lake of Como, was decorated and furnished by famous artists of the period: painters Appiani and Bossi, sculptors Canova and Comolli, and the medalist Luigi Manfredini. The duke had a collector's passion which, in the region on Lake Como, had no rival except that of Giovan Battista Sommariva, owner of the villa bearing the same name (nowadays Villa Carlotta) who, politically defeated by Melzi himself (preferred by Napoleon as vice-president), tried to regain lost prestige by assembling an extraordinary art collection.
Villa Melzi is set in English style gardens which develop harmoniously along the banks of the lake, the last reaches of the view from Bellagio towards the hills to the south. Making such a garden required notable changes to the structure of the land and outstanding supporting walls. In such surroundings, enriched by monuments, artefacts (amongst which are a Venetian gondola transported to Bellagio expressly for Napoleon, and two precious Egyptian statues), rare exotic plants, ancient trees, hedges of camellias, groves of azaleas and gigantic rhododendrons, the villa, the chapel and the glass house constitute an ensemble in which the neoclassical style reaches one of its highest peaks.
Sport
Rowing
Rowing is based at the Bellagina Sporting Union, a club specializing in football and especially rowing: world rowing champions Enrico Gandola, Alberto Belgeri, Igor Pescialli, Franco Sancassani and Daniele Gilardoni were born in Bellagio and began their racing careers with Bellagina.
Cycling
From Bellagio starts the climb to the Sanctuary of the Madonna del Ghisallo, the patron saint of cyclists, and therefore an important destination for fans of the sport. The ascent covers a total distance of about 4 km and has a vertical rise of about 500 meters; professional cyclists can do it in 20 minutes. You can also make the climb from Onno to Valbrona on the eastern shore of the lake, and the Wall of Sormano on the road to the western shore. These two climbs, with the ascent to the Sanctuary, are part of the Tris del Lario competition.
Trekking
Treks of all degrees of difficulty are possible around and above Bellagio on the Larian Triangle. Bellagio Lifestyle gives the major treks with maps and route descriptions.
Cuisine
The traditional Bellagino feast day dish is the Tóch. Eaten with a wooden spoon, it is composed of polenta mixed with butter and cheese and accompanied with dried fish from the lake, cold, stuffed chicken or home-made salami. Red wine is shared from a communal jug. For dessert, miasca—cake made with cornflour and dried fruit; Pan meino—made with white and yellow flour, eggs, butter, milk and elder flowers; or paradèl —a wafer of white flour, milk and sugar.
(Wikipedia)
Bellagio (auch Bellaggio) ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) mit 3577 Einwohnern (Stand: 31. Dezember 2022) und eine Kleinstadt am Comer See. Die Gemeinde gehört zur Provinz Como in der Lombardei. Seit dem 21. Januar 2014 umfasst die Gemeinde Bellagio auch das Gebiet der vormaligen Nachbargemeinde Civenna.
Geographie
Der Ort ist bekannt für die malerische Lage mit Blick auf die Alpen an der Spitze der Halbinsel, die die zwei südlichen Arme des Sees trennt. Como, Lecco und Bellagio bilden die Eckpunkte des Triangolo Lariano. Das bedeutendste Fließgewässer im Gemeindegebiet ist der Torrente Perlo, der in der Fraktion San Giovanni in den Comer See mündet.
Die Nachbargemeinden sind Griante, Lezzeno, Magreglio, Oliveto Lario, Sormano, Tremezzina, Varenna, Veleso und Zelbio.
Verwaltungsgliederung
Die Gemeinde gliedert sich in einen See- und einen Bergbereich auf. Zu letzterem zählt das ehemalige Gemeindegebiet von Civenna. Zum Seebereich um Bellagio gehören die 21 Fraktionen Aureggio, Begola, Borgo, Breno, Brogno, Cagnanica, Casate, Crotto, Guggiate, Loppia, Neer, Oliverio, Pescallo, Regatola, San Giovanni, San Vito, Scegola, Suira, Taronico, Vergonese und Visgnola. Zum Bergbereich zählen die 14 Fraktionen Cascine Gallasco, Cassinott, Chevrio, Civenna, Costaprada, Cernobbio, Filippo, Guello, Makallé, Paum, Piano Rancio, Prà, Rovenza und San Primo.
Sehenswürdigkeiten
romanische Basilika San Giacomo
Villa Melzi mit ihrem Garten und dem berühmten Denkmal von Dante Alighieri und Béatrice und Villa Trivulzio-Gerli des Architekten Giuseppe Balzaretti
Kirche Santissima Annunciata mit Polittico
Kirche San Giovanni Battista in der Fraktion San Giovanni
In der Villa Serbelloni hat das Bellagio Center der Rockefeller-Stiftung seinen Sitz. Das Grand Hotel Villa Serbelloni liegt an der Uferpromenade am Comer See.
Das frühere Hotel Britannia steht seit Jahren leer und verkommt immer mehr zu einer Bauruine.
Verkehr
Wer aus Richtung Lugano oder Porlezza kommend den Ort besuchen will, benutzt in der Regel die Autofähre, die von den am Westufer liegenden Orten Menaggio und Cadenabbia fährt und auch Varenna am gegenüberliegenden Ostufer bedient. Alternativ kann man auch die Uferstraßen über Como oder Lecco benutzen, was aber einen Umweg von über 60 Kilometern darstellt. Ferner kann der Ort von Erba aus auf einer kurvenreichen Bergstraße erreicht werden.
Bellagio war die Inspirationsquelle für das Hotel Bellagio am Las Vegas Strip.
Persönlichkeiten
Seit Jahrhunderten ist der Ort infolge seiner pittoresken Lage immer wieder Anziehungspunkt für Prominenz. Belegt sind unter anderem Besuche von John F. Kennedy, Charlie Chaplin und Konrad Adenauer. Auch Plinius der Jüngere schätzte den Ort. Nach ihm ist eine Straße sowie der Raddampfer «Plinio» benannt, der 1963 aus dem Betrieb genommen wurde, aber vom Komitee «Amici del Plinio» wieder restauriert werden soll. Zudem wurde in Bellagio 1837 Cosima Wagner geboren, die Tochter Franz Liszts und zweite Ehefrau Richard Wagners. Teresio Olivelli (* 7. Januar 1916; † 17. Januar 1945 in Hersbruck), ein Dozent und Partisan, Goldmedaille für militärische Tapferkeit, ist hier geboren (Gedenktafel an seinem Geburtshaus). Der Holzschnitzer Antonio Pini, tätig in Sessa TI und Gandria, ist hier geboren.
(Wikipedia)
Admont monastery . Styria . Austria . Europe
Following the disastrous fire at the Abbey in 1865, the Natural History Museum was recreated in the years 1866 – 1906 by the initially just 20-year-old Admont Benedictine monk, Father Gabriel Strobl. During his time as museum curator, Strobl put together an immense collection of insects that eventually came to total some 252,000 different examples. His compilation of more than 50,000 specimens of two-winged insects of the order Diptera is among the most important of its kind in Europe. By means of his own collecting activities and in the form of exchanges, purchases and bequests, Father Gabriel Strobl acquired over the 44 years of his curatorship the extraordinary range of exhibits that can now be admired in the Natural History Museum, which itself has recently undergone partial restructuring.
MY SPECIAL TOUR:
SAEM TAMM (Société Anonyme d'Économie Mixte Locale des Transports de l'Agglomération de Metz Métropole): since January 1, 2012, and for 12 years, this company operates the bus network of Metz and its metropolitan area. It is owned by Keolis (25%), SNCF (15%) and Metz Métropole (60%). On October 7, 2013, it restructured the network previously operated by TCRM, using two commercial denominations: LE MET' for all conventional bus lines, and METTIS for the two high-level service lines.
Here we see the bus number 0708 of LE MET' (Irisbus Citelis Line, registration 471 BRE 57) working a service in the Liane line L1.
In 1901, Carnegie merged several companies into U.S. Steel. By 1910, Pittsburgh was the nation's 8th-largest city, accounting for between one-third and one- half of national steel output. The city's population swelled to more than a half million, attracting numerous European immigrants to its industrial jobs. By 1940, non-Hispanic whites were 90.6% of the city's population Pittsburgh also became a main destination of the African-American Great Migration from the rural South during the first half of the 20th century. Limited initially by discrimination, some 95% percent of the men became unskilled steel workers.
During World War II, demand for steel increased and area mills operated 24 hours a day to produce 95 million tons of steel for the war effort. This resulted in the highest levels of air pollution in the city's almost century of industry. The city's reputation as the "arsenal of democracy" was being overshadowed by James Parton's 1868 observation of Pittsburgh being "hell with the lid off."
Following the war, the city launched a clean air and civic revitalization project known as the "Renaissance," cleaning up the air and the rivers. The "Renaissance II" project followed in 1977, focused on cultural and neighborhood development. The industrial base continued to expand through the 1970s, but beginning in the early 1980s both the area's steel and electronics industries imploded during national industrial restructuring. There were massive layoffs from mill and plant closures.
Excerpt from www.mohawkcollege.ca/about-mohawk/leadership-and-administ...:
The history of Mohawk College springs from deep within the roots of the Hamilton area. From the first cotton mills of the 1800s, located in Dundas and Ancaster, to the flourishing foundries of Hamilton harbour in the 20th century, Hamilton had established itself as a leading industrial city. In 1947, the Provincial Institute of Textiles, a predecessor to Mohawk College and located at what is now the Wentworth Campus, was founded as one of the first Ontario schools to offer specialized post-secondary training in the technical fields.
A decade later, the school was restructured as the Hamilton Institute of Technology in response to the increasing need for technical education. The first class of 104 young men were offered select courses in textile, electrical, electronics and mechanical technology.
Restructured in the 14th century, the Chamber was decorated with a fresco by Guariento and later with works by the most artists famous of the period, Gentile da Fabriano, Pisanello, Alvise Vivarini, Carpaccio, Bellini, Pordenone and Titian. 53 meters long and 25 meters wide, this is not only the one and most majestic chamber in the Doge’s also Palace, but one of the one of the rooms in Europe. Here, meetings of the Great Council were held, the most important political body in the Republic. A very ancient institution, this Council was made up of all the male members of patrician Venetian families over 25 years old, of their individual status, merits or wealth. This was why, in spite of the restrictions in its powers that the Senate over introduced the, centuries the Great Council continued to be seen as bastion of republican equality. The Council had the right to call to account all the other authorities and bodies of the State when it seemed their that their powers were over getting and to need trimmed. The 1,200 to 2,000 noblemen who sat in the Council always considered themselves guardians of the laws that were the basis of all the other authorities within the State. This room also housed the stages first in the election of a new Doge, in the later stages pass by the Sala dello Scrutinio. These voting procedures were extremely long and complex in order to frustrate any attempts of cheating. Every Sunday, when the bells of St. Mark’s rang, the Council would members gather in the hall with the Doge presiding at the center of the podium and his counselors occupying double rows of seats that ran the whole length of the room. Soon after work on the new hall had been completed, the 1577 fire damaged not only this Chamber but also the Scrutinium. The structural damage was soon restored, respecting the original layout, and all works were finished within few years, ending in 1579-80. The decoration of the restored structure involved artists such as Veronese, Jacopo and Domenico Tintoretto, and Palma il Giovane. The walls were decorated with episodes of the Venetian history, with particular reference to the city’s relations with the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire, while the decorated ceiling was with the Virtues and individual examples of Venetian heroism, and a central panel containing an allegorical glorification of the Republic. Facing other each in groups of six, the twelve wall depiction paintings act of valor or incidents of war that had occurred during city’s history. below Immediately the ceiling runs a frieze with portraits of the first 76 doges (the portraits of the others are to be found in the Sala dello Scrutinio); commissioned from Jacopo Tintoretto, most of these paintings are in fact the work of his son, Domenico. Each Doge holds a scroll bearing a reference to his most important achievements, while Doge Marin Faliero, who attempted a coup d’état in 1355, is simply by a black cloth (a traitor to the Republic, he was not back only to death but to damnatio memoriae, the total eradication of his memory and name). One of the long walls, behind the Doge’s throne, is is by the longest canvas painting in the world, the Paradiso, Jacopo Tintoretto and workshop produced between 1588 and 1592 to replace the Guariento fresco that had had damaged in the fire.
palazzoducale.visitmuve.it/en/the-museum/layout-and-colle...
This pirate-broadcasting-tower-turned-restaurant played a rebellious role in the history of Dutch television.
The restaurant known as REM Eiland wasn’t always an architectural oddity in the Amsterdam port of Houthaven. The 80-foot-tall, red-and-white tower was originally a pirate radio and TV station in the North Sea, and it gave Dutch viewers their first taste of commercial television.
It was 1964, and up to that point, there’d only been state-sponsored television. From the tower, a channel called TV Noordzee broadcast shows such as Zorro, Rin-Tin-Tin, and Mr. Ed, along with commercials. While viewers were entertained, the government was not: The tower’s location in international waters allowed TV Noordzee to circumvent Dutch laws. But this rebellion was short-lived: Four months after TV Noordzee launched, the government found a way to use the 1958 Geneva Convention to justify restructuring offshore territorial boundaries. And with that, REM Eiland fell under Dutch control. On December 17, 1964, marines raided the tower and shut down operations.
The government used the tower as a site for measuring ocean temperatures and salt levels before dismantling it and bringing it ashore in 2006. But just when REM Eiland seemed like it might disappear for good, new owners purchased it and started renovations (including adding another floor and losing the helipad) to turn it into the restaurant it is today.
Source: www.atlasobscura.com/places/rem-eiland-radio-television-t...
Detroit is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County. The municipality of Detroit had a 2019 estimated population of 670,031, making it the 23rd-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music and as a repository for art, architecture and design.
Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River, one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the Midwest, behind Chicago and ahead of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, and the 13th-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a highway tunnel, railway tunnel, and the Ambassador Bridge, which is the second busiest international crossing in North America, after San Diego–Tijuana. Detroit is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry, and the "Big Three" auto manufacturers General Motors, Ford, and Fiat Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit.
In 1701, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, the future city of Detroit. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region. The city became the 4th-largest in the nation in 1920, after only New York City, Chicago and Philadelphia with the influence of the booming auto industry. With expansion of the auto industry in the early 20th century, the city and its suburbs experienced rapid growth, and by the 1940s, the city remained as the fourth-largest in the country. However, due to industrial restructuring, the loss of jobs in the auto industry, and rapid suburbanization, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to the present. Since reaching a peak of 1.85 million at the 1950 census, Detroit's population has declined by more than 60 percent. In 2013, Detroit became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy, which it successfully exited in December 2014, when the city government regained control of Detroit's finances.
Detroit's diverse culture has had both local and international influence, particularly in music, with the city giving rise to the genres of Motown and techno, and playing an important role in the development of jazz, hip-hop, rock, and punk music. The rapid growth of Detroit in its boom years resulted in a globally unique stock of architectural monuments and historic places. Since the 2000s conservation efforts have managed to save many architectural pieces and achieved several large-scale revitalizations, including the restoration of several historic theatres and entertainment venues, high-rise renovations, new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, and various other neighborhoods has increased. An increasingly popular tourist destination, Detroit receives 19 million visitors per year.] In 2015, Detroit was named a "City of Design" by UNESCO, the first U.S. city to receive that designation.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
Les architectes de Mosae Forum sont Jo Coenen et Bruno Albert. Mosae Forum est un quartier commerçant multifonctionnel et attrayant doté d'une architecture particulière au cœur de Maastricht. Le nom Mosae Forum fait référence au passé romain de Maastricht. Mosa est le nom latin de la rivière Meuse et le mot latin forum désigne une place centrale ou un marché. Mosae Forum se compose en grande partie du centre commercial avec des restaurants, des magasins et un marché de produits frais au sous-sol, mais aussi du grand parking souterrain de 1 150 places de parking, d'appartements de luxe et de maisons de ville, de la mairie de la commune de Maastricht et d'un centre de santé.
La réalisation du Mosae Forum, auparavant également appelé projet Markt-Maas, était un projet de restructuration majeur au cœur du centre-ville de Maastricht. Les projets de ce quartier remontent au début des années 1990. Les bureaux municipaux avaient besoin d'une rénovation en profondeur et l'on souhaitait fermer l'ouverture dans le mur est du marché et créer une connexion entre la ville et les rives de la Meuse.
Au départ, il était prévu que seule la Stadhuisstraat avec le bureau municipal et le bureau provincial de gestion des eaux (tous deux datant d'environ 1960) serait démolie. Mais peu à peu, le projet s'est élargi. Un certain nombre de bâtiments historiques sur le Markt et dans la Hoenderstraat ont été inclus dans le plan. Le parking en surface de la Gubbelstraat a également été démoli pour faire place à une place abritant des magasins, des restaurants et des appartements. Plus tard, la construction du tunnel du Maasboulevard et le réaménagement de la Maaspromenade comprenaient la restauration de la « dixième arche » du pont Sint-Servaas, qui a permis de prolonger le parcours pédestre le long de la Meuse sous cette arche. Enfin, le Markt et les rues environnantes ont fait l'objet d'un « relooking » en profondeur, avec la suppression de toutes les places de stationnement en surface et la place devenue interdite aux voitures.
The architects of Mosae Forum are Jo Coenen and Bruno Albert. Mosae Forum is a multifunctional and attractive shopping district with distinctive architecture in the heart of Maastricht. The name Mosae Forum refers to Maastricht's Roman past. Mosa is the Latin name for the Meuse River and the Latin word forum designates a central square or market. Mosae Forum largely consists of the shopping center with restaurants, shops and a fresh market in the basement, but also the large underground car park with 1,150 parking spaces, luxury apartments and townhouses , the town hall of the municipality of Maastricht and a health center.
The realization of the Mosae Forum, previously also called the Markt-Maas project, was a major restructuring project in the heart of downtown Maastricht. Projects for this area date back to the early 1990s. The municipal offices needed a thorough renovation and there was a desire to close the opening in the east wall of the market and create a connection between the city and the banks of the river. Meuse.
Initially, it was planned that only the Stadhuisstraat with the municipal office and the provincial water management office (both dating from around 1960) would be demolished. But little by little, the project expanded. A number of historic buildings on the Markt and in the Hoenderstraat were included in the plan. The surface car park on Gubbelstraat was also demolished to make way for a square housing shops, restaurants and apartments. Later, the construction of the Maasboulevard tunnel and the redevelopment of the Maaspromenade included the restoration of the “tenth arch” of the Sint-Servaas bridge, which made it possible to extend the pedestrian route along the Meuse under this arch. Finally, the Markt and the surrounding streets have undergone a thorough “makeover”, with the removal of all surface parking spaces and the square becoming car-free.
The last few months have been grim for the UK rail industry due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related government advice. The ORR estimates that rail journeys fell by around 400 million in Q1 2020-21 when compared to the same quarter last year. This translates into revenue fall from £2.7 billion in Q1 2019-20 to £184 million this quarter. To put this into context; rail usage hasn't been this low since the mid-19th century.
So one has to ask - is the current franchise model sustainable while there is uncertainty around if and when passengers will return? The answer appears to be no, as the Department for Transport announced that the current model would be abandoned and the system would be restructured. Exactly what that model will look like remains to be seen, but it's clear that the current system is on the way out.
The restructuring will take time and someone needs to keep the trains running from day-to-day. For most TOCs, it's just a continuation of their existing contracts until future terms are agreed. For CrossCountry, this has meant a further 3 year direct award to Arriva which takes their contract up to 2023 - potentially an indicator of how long it'll take before the new model is anywhere close to being implemented.
Pictured is 43303 leading 1V68 from Glasgow Central to Bristol on the 22nd of March - the day before the country entered lockdwn.
Explore #113.
In the last 6 weeks, somehow did not get the enthusiasm for flickr and/or photography. Not sure why.
1. The economy in US here was still not good and my company laid off a significant number of people in May. Fortunately I survived that restructuring. Maybe that was one of the reasons-maybe not.
2. Also as summer has now set in Minnesota, playing cricket here these days :) and dont spend much time before the internet. Maybe thats the reason-maybe not.
3.Or maybe each photography enthusiastic person goes through such a phase where he/she wants to do some other stuff other than photography . Maybe thats the reason after all :)
An old photo from the archives taken last september. I hope to be active here onwards friends and visit all your uploads!
Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region of Italy, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482.
The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect. It hosts the University of Urbino, founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino. Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale, rebuilt by Luciano Laurana.
The city lies in a hilly region, at the foothills of the Northern Apennines and the Tuscan-Romagnolo Apennines. It is within the southern area of Montefeltro, an area classified as medium-high seismic risk. In the database of earthquakes developed by the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, nearly 65 seismic events have affected the town of Urbino between 26 March 1511 and 26 March 1998. They include 24 April 1741, when the shocks were stronger than VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale, with an epicenter in Fabriano (where it reached 6.08 on the moment magnitude scale),
The originally modest Roman town of Urbinum Mataurense ("the little city on the river Mataurus") became an important strategic stronghold during the Gothic Wars of the 6th century. In 538, it was captured from the Ostrogoths by the Byzantine general Belisarius, and is frequently mentioned by the historian Procopius.
Pepin the Short (King of the Franks) presented Urbino to the Papacy in 754–56. Its commune later had some independence until around 1200, when it came into the possession of the House of Montefeltro. These noblemen had no direct authority over the commune; however, they could pressure it to elect them to the position of podestà. Bonconte di Montefeltro obtained this title in 1213: Urbino's population rebelled and formed an alliance with the independent commune of Rimini (1228), finally regaining independence in 1234. Eventually, though, the Montefeltro noblemen took control once more, and held it until 1508. In the struggles between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, when factions supported either the Papacy or the Holy Roman Empire respectively, the 13th and 14th century Montefeltro lords of Urbino were leaders of the Ghibellines of the Marche and in the Romagna region.
The most famous member of the Montefeltro family, Federico da Montefeltro, ruled as Duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. He was a very successful condottiere, a skillful diplomat and an enthusiastic patron of art and literature. He rose to power in 1444 as the son of Guidantonio, after a conspiracy and the murder of the legitimate heir Oddantonio, hated for his "unbridled lust" and excessive taxes.
Federico began a reorganization of the state, which also included a restructuring of the city according to a modern conception - comfortable, efficient and beautiful.
At his court, Piero della Francesca wrote on the science of perspective, Francesco di Giorgio Martini wrote his Trattato di architettura (Treatise on Architecture) and Raphael's father, Giovanni Santi, wrote his poetical account of the chief artists of his time. Federico's brilliant court, according to the descriptions in Baldassare Castiglione's Il Cortegiano (The Book of the Courtier, published in 1528), set standards of what would characterize a modern European "gentleman" for centuries to come.
Cesare Borgia and the years of the Duchy Della Rovere[edit]
Cesare Borgia dispossessed Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino, and Elisabetta Gonzaga in 1502, with the complicity of his father, Pope Alexander VI. After the attempt of Pope Leo X to appoint a young Medici as duke, thwarted by the early death of Lorenzo II de Medici in 1519, Urbino was part of the Papal States, under the dynasty of the dukes Della Rovere (1508–1631). They moved the court to the city of Pesaro in 1523 and Urbino began a slow decline that would continue until the last decades of the seventeenth century.
In 1626, Pope Urban VIII definitively incorporated the Duchy into the papal dominions, the gift of the last Della Rovere duke, in retirement after the assassination of his heir, to be governed by the archbishop. The state was ruled thereafter by a papal legate, generally belonging to high ecclesiastical hierarchy. Following the annexation of the duchy by the Papal States, the rich artistic heritage (including furniture) of the Ducal Palace went to form, for the most part, the dowry of the last direct descendant of the Della Rovere, Vittoria della Rovere, who married Ferdinand II de Medici. These works went on to form the core of the future Uffizi Gallery. Among the works that went to Florence is the diptych of the Dukes of Urbino by Piero della Francesca. Other works of the Ducal Palace were brought to Rome, such as the Barberini Ex Tables of Fra Carnevale and the famous library, absorbed entirely by the Vatican Library in 1657.
The eighteenth century opened with the election to the papacy (1701) of Cardinal Giovan Francesco Albani Urbino, under the name of Clement XI. This was a windfall for the city and was its last great era, especially in terms of arts and culture, thanks to funding by Pope Albani and his family. Major renovation of several buildings, churches and monasteries took place; such as Palazzo Albani, part of the façade of the Town Hall, the Archbishop's Palace, the Chapel Albani (inside the convent of St. Francis), Saint Joseph's Oratory, and the internal structure of the churches of San Francesco, San Domenico and Saint Augustine. In addition, due to the patronage of the Pope and of his family, the Duomo di Urbino received many improvements (like the new altar) as did other religious institutions in the city. From July 1717 to November 1718 Urbino hosted the court of James Stuart the exiled pretender to the British throne, who had the strong backing of the Papacy.
This new age of splendor for the city ended with the death of Clement XI in 1721, placing the city in a long decline that has continued to the present day. After the Pope's death, the Albani family remained the main patron of the most significant works until the first half of the nineteenth century.
In 1789, the collapse of the Cathedral dome following a massive earthquake led to the total renovation of the church.
Between 1797 and 1800 the city was occupied by French troops, like much of northern and central Italy. During the French occupation Urbino and its territory suffered from the acquisitions of important works of art by the French, which were moved to Paris or Milan, in the nascent galleries of the Louvre and Brera. This event was a further cause of the impoverished local artistic heritage, already tried by the loss of the works following the devolution of the duchy in the seventeenth century.
The century opened with the consecration in 1809 of the new Duomo di Urbino, as designed by the architect Giuseppe Valadier, who restored the city's Montefeltro-era buildings, such as the old Seminary, adjacent to the church of St. Sergius, now partly occupied by the Hotel Raffaello.
Following the construction of the New Palace of Alban (1831), designed by architect Peter Ghinelli, which gave rise to the present Piazza della Repubblica that went on to form the first part of the future Corso Garibaldi, the city experienced a number of urban improvements designed to change the face of the city. From the construction of the Sanzio theater (1845–53) came the final realization of Corso Garibaldi, with a covered walkway on the downhill side to that ensure theater-goers were sheltered from rain and snow on their walk to the Piazza della Repubblica, with construction that lasted until the early part of the twentieth century. In addition, another important change was the destruction, in 1868, of a part of the walls to create a customs barrier, called Porta Nuova or barrier Margherita (in honor of Princess Margaret of Savoy), which was necessitated by a new road that ran along a stretch of the walls and was connected to Corso Garibaldi. This resulted in a new urban layout with the large spit of land below the Doge's Palace incorporated into the city, called the Pincio.
These urban transformations brought about a change in access to the city. Instead of passing through narrow, winding streets, through the gates of the walls, now one could enter through the Porta Nuova in an easier and convenient way to arrive in the present Piazza della Repubblica and the Palazzo Ducale (the city center).
This urban renewal reflected many of the ideas of Fulvio Corboli but its design was largely done by the architect Vincenzo Ghinelli.
On 8 September 1860 the Piedmontese troops entered Urbino from Port Saint Lucia, forcing the surrender of the last resistance of the papal army under the portico of the childhood house of Raphael. But it was not until 29 September, with the capture of Ancona, that the total conquest of the Marche region was completed by the Piedmont army.
Between 4 and 5 November, the plebiscite was held for the annexation of the Marche to the Kingdom of Sardinia, which ended with 133,783 votes in favor, 260 votes against and 1,212 invalid ballots. In the province of Urbino (excluding the territory of Pesaro) the count was 21,111 for and 365 against with 29 invalid ballots. Subsequently, on 10 November, the Marche was included in the Statuto Albertino, and then, on 17 December, it was made official with the issuance of a royal decree.
The new government began the confiscation of various ecclesiastical goods, including good part of the convent of San Francisco (where a part of a botanical garden, designed by Vincenzo Ghinelli, was located), the monastery of Santa Chiara, that of San Girolamo, and many others.
Europe, The Netherlands, Zuid Holland, Rotterdam Zuid, Katendrecht, Fenix 2, Screen, Fence (cut) from B &T).
Hidden behind this very long colourful protective screen and scaffolding is the Fenix 2 veem (harbour storage facility). It is being transformed in the Landverhuizersmuseum . In the BG is the Meneba flour factory.
Fenix 2 once belonged to the HAL (Holland America shipping Line) and was part of the longest building in Europe - the San Francisco veem (harbour storage facility) on the Rijnhaven (Rhine docks). Due to WW2 bombing, it was spilt in two - Fenix 1 and Fenix 2. At the end of the 80s during the big transformation of the Rotterdam harbour due to the global change in maritime transport modes, the Rijnhaven together with the adjacent Maashaven largely lost their harbour function.
After a number of plans and studies in 2012 the municipality decided to redevelop both buildings as an element of the redevelopment/gentrification of the dilapidated Katendrecht quarter, which is an element of the Kop van Zuid urban restructuring masterplan plan which involves all the old harbours on the south bank of the river). Before the start of the transformation, Fenix 2 functioned as the home of the Fenix Food Factory and 'Circuscentrum op De Kaap' created by the Codarts Circus Arts school and Circus Rotjeknor.
This is number 969 of Minimalism / explicit Graphism and 221 of Urban Frontiers.
Transports de Barcelona, S.A. (TMB, operado por Sagalés): desde el 1 de enero de 2010, las cuatro líneas que forman el servicio denominado Bus Nou Barris (líneas 80 a 83), que atienden al barrio del mismo nombre, son operadas por contrato por la empresa Sagalés. Está previsto que en mayo de 2021 este servicio vuelva a ser operado directamente por TMB, incluyendo una reestructuración que supondrá la transformación de las cuatro líneas en solo dos (180 y 182). Aquí vemos el midibús número 778 de Sagalés (Solaris Urbino 8.6, matrícula 1861 JCY) llegando a la terminal de la línea 80 en la Plaça de la República.
Transports de Barcelona, S.A. (TMB, operated by Sagalés): since January 1, 2010, the four lines that make up the service called Bus Nou Barris (lines 80 to 83), which serve the neighborhood of the same name, are operated by contract by the company Sagalés. This service is expected to be operated directly by TMB again in May 2021, including a restructuring that will involve the transformation of the four lines into just two (180 and 182). Here we see the midibus number 778 from Sagalés (Solaris Urbino 8.6, registration 1861 JCY) arriving at the terminal of line 80 in Plaça de la República.
Il Castello di Triana - The Castle of Triana
Costruito su una roccia isolata tra il fosso del Poderone e quello delle Chiesacce, il castello di Triana venne eretto certamente dopo l'anno Mille dalla famiglia Aldobrandeschi ed acquistato dalla famiglia Piccolomini nell'anno 1388. Per alterne vicende, il castello fu già in rovina nel 1500 e quindi restaurato quando venne costituita la fattoria di Triana.
Nel 1700 venne effettuata l'unica aggiunta con una cappella voluta da Lelio Piccolomini e ristrutturata da Spinello in quel secolo.
Al suo interno esiste un piccolo giardino pensile all'italiana su ispirazione del più celebre giardino urbano di Pienza voluto da Papa Pio II Piccolomini.
Attualmente è proprietà delle Pie Disposizioni di Siena.
è un castello di struttura semplice, ma inserito, come si vede, in una posizione suggestiva sopra le campagne intorno a Roccalbegna (Grosseto).
Built on a isolated rock among the ditch Poderone and the other called Chiesacce, the castle of Triana was certainly erected after the year One Thousand by the Aldobrandeschi family and bought by the Piccolomini family in the year 1388. Due of many twists and turns, the castle was already in ruins in the 1500 and then restored when it took part of the Triana farm.
In 1700 it was added by a chapel built by Lelio Piccolomini and restructured by Spinello in that same century.
Inside there is a small Italian-style hanging garden of inspiration of the most famous urban garden of Pienza created by Pope Pius II Piccolomini.
Currently is owned by the Sienese Pie Provisions.
It is a castle with simple structure, but built, as we see, in a pictoresque location above the countryside around Roccalbegna (Grosseto).
© Riccardo Senis, All Rights Reserved
This image may not be copied, reproduced, republished, edited, downloaded, displayed, modified, transmitted, licensed, transferred, sold, distributed or uploaded in any way without my prior written permission.
Transports de Barcelona, S.A. (TMB, operado por Sagalés): desde el 1 de enero de 2010, las cuatro líneas que forman el servicio denominado Bus Nou Barris (líneas 80 a 83), que atienden al barrio del mismo nombre, son operadas por contrato por la empresa Sagalés. Está previsto que en mayo de 2021 este servicio vuelva a ser operado directamente por TMB, incluyendo una reestructuración que supondrá la transformación de las cuatro líneas en solo dos (180 y 182). Aquí vemos el midibús número 779 de Sagalés (Solaris Urbino 8.6, matrícula 1895 JCY) llegando a la terminal de la línea 81 en la Plaça de la República.
Transports de Barcelona, S.A. (TMB, operated by Sagalés): since January 1, 2010, the four lines that make up the service called Bus Nou Barris (lines 80 to 83), which serve the neighborhood of the same name, are operated by contract by the company Sagalés. This service is expected to be operated directly by TMB again in May 2021, including a restructuring that will involve the transformation of the four lines into just two (180 and 182). Here we see the midibus number 779 from Sagalés (Solaris Urbino 8.6, registration 1895 JCY) arriving at the terminal of line 81 in Plaça de la República.
"Gate tower, seat of the Torturmtheater since 1950, solid building with gate passage with stepped gable and gable roof as well as neighboring gatekeeper's house, small solid building with hipped roof, 15th/16th Century.
Sommerhausen is a market in the Würzburg district of Lower Franconia and a member of the Eibelstadt administrative community. Apart from the main town there are no other parts of the municipality.
Sommerhausen is located on the right bank of the Main, 13 kilometers south of Würzburg. In addition to viticulture, tourism and the art scene play a major role. Sommerhausen is surrounded by Ochsenfurt in the east and south, and Eibelstadt borders the municipality in the north. Directly opposite Sommerhausen, on the west bank of the Main, is the town of Winterhausen. The curious names of the two towns have their origins in the church patrons. The Sommerhäuser church patron Bartholomew has his memorial day in the summer (August 24th), the Winterhäuser church patron Nicholas in the winter (December 6th).
Sommerhausen has been an important community on the Main since the Middle Ages. It was not subordinate to the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg. The Limpurg taverns came to Sommerhausen in 1413 through the marriage of the tavern Friedrich and Elisabetha von Hohenlohe. As part of the Speckfeld rule of the heirs of Counts Schenk von Limpurg (first Counts Pückler, then Counts Rechteren-Limpurg), which was mediated by Bavaria, Sommerhausen belonged to the Franconian Imperial Circle from 1500. From 1540 onwards, the Reformation was introduced in the Limpurg region, so that Sommerhausen became a Protestant enclave in the predominantly Catholic Main Franconia.
In 1810 it came to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg during territorial consolidation, with which it returned to Bavaria in 1814. As part of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818. In 1896/1897 the community had a Main bridge built.
The place, nestled in the valley of the Main under vineyards, has been the flagship of Franconian romanticism for decades. The medieval city wall has been preserved. All the buildings in the town center in the narrow, winding streets look back on several hundred years of history. The town hall dates back to the 16th century.
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke, singular Regierungsbezirk), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.
In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to 8. One of these was the Untermainkreis (Lower Main District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the name Untermainkreis changed to Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, but the city name was dropped in the middle of the 20th century, leaving just Lower Franconia.
From 1933, the regional Nazi Gauleiter, Otto Hellmuth, (who had renamed his party Gau "Mainfranken") insisted on renaming the government district Mainfranken as well. He encountered resistance from Bavarian state authorities but finally succeeded in having the name of the district changed, effective 1 June 1938. After 1945 the name Unterfranken was restored.
Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).
Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.
Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.
Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.
The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
As Norwegian restructures the airline is adding two ex Eastar Jet B737-800's to its fleet leased from BBAM. Both aircraft have been painted by IAC at Shannon and are now being prepared fro delivery, OE-IPV ex HL8325 to be LN-NIK and OE-IPT ex HL8343 to be LN-NIM.
HMS ARK ROYAL [R07] built by Swan Hunter in 1985 paid her first visit to Merseyside on June 06, 2008.
She had been due to make her maiden Mersey call in the autumn of 2007. However this was cancelled due to delays in completing the Liverpool Cruise Terminal Landing Stage.
These photographs were taken on June 06, 2008 shortly after her arrival at Liverpool Cruise Terminal.. She is seen here with the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company's VIKING (Previously SUPERSEACAT TWO).
Click here for more photographs of HMS ARK ROYAL: www.jhluxton.com/Shipping/Ships-Naval/Royal-Navy-Ships/HM...
HMS ARK ROYAL (R07) was a light aircraft carrier and former flagship of the Royal Navy.
She was the third and final vessel of the Invincible class. She was built by Swan Hunter on the River Tyne and launched by them in 1981. ARK ROYAL was christened by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. She followed sister ships HMS INVINCIBLE and HMS ILLUSTROUS into service in 1985.
Affectionately known as The Mighty Ark, she was the fifth Royal Navy ship to have borne the name of the 1587 flagship that defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Originally intended to be named INDOMITABLE to match the rest of the class, this was changed due to the public reaction to the loss of the Ark Royal name after the scrapping of the previous Ark Royal in 1980, after 30 years' service.
Slightly larger than her sister ships, and with a steeper ski-jump ramp, ARK ROYAL carried the STOVL (short take off and vertical landing) Harrier jump jet aircraft, as well as various helicopters.
With a crew complement of over 1,000 sailors and aviators, she saw active service in the 1990s Bosnian War and the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.
Originally due to be retired in 2016, Ark Royal was instead decommissioned on March 11, 2011, as part of the Navy restructuring portion of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review.
After Ark Royal's decommissioning, HMS ALBION replaced her as the Royal Navy flagship.
ARK ROYAL was sold for scrap to the Turkish company Leyal Ship Recycling and left Portsmouth in May 2013.
(Notes from Wikipedia)
Un murale nella città ricorda i tanti detenuti che hanno contribuito a costruire il carcere e dare sviluppo al paese.
I carcerati, condannati per i delitti più vari, hanno costruito la piccola ferrovia, ora ristrutturata a scopi turistici, per recarsi nei luoghi di lavoro.
In primo piano il prigioniero numero 40 Cayetano Santos Godino, meglio conosciuto come il Petiso Orejudo (il piccoletto orecchiuto) condannato per numerosi infanticidi a Buenos Aires.
A mural in the city recalls the many inmates who helped build the prison and give development to the country.
The convicts, condemned for the most various crimes, built the small railway, now restructured for tourism purposes, to go to the workplace.
In the foreground the prisoner number 40 Cayetano Santos Godino, better known as the Petiso Orejudo (the little ear-bit) condemned for numerous infanticides in Buenos Aires.
This beautiful church was incorporated in 1923. Work was started the same year toward a new edifice and was completed in 1924. The rectory was moved north to parallel the construction, facing the lake.
L. Phillips Clarke, of Harvey and Clarke, was the architect for the new church, as he was later for the new parish hall in 1929 and for the new rectory and Sunday School rooms built later. Wilcox Bros. Inc., the contractor, built the church and also did repair work after it suffered hurricane damage in 1928.
The marble and mosaic work was done by craftsmen from Italy, who brought much of the material with them. Louis S. Clarke (whose father, C. J. Clarke, had donated the community building in which the original church group met, and whose son was the architect for the present building) made the chandeliers for the church by hand, together with the chains by which they hang, all of which he forged himself. The marble altar and the original Skinner organ were made possible by generous donations.
On February 24, 1924, the first service was held in the new church. The old church building was then used as a parish hall until it was destroyed in the hurricane of September 1928.
Some features that identify it as the original church building are the arch detail over the entrance, the screen doors, and one of the small front windows.
In May 1929 work was started on the first two units of a new parish hall. The cornerstone was laid on July 14th and work was completed in September. A choir room, kitchen quarters, and a new rectory were added in 1939. Funding for and work on the Sunday school rooms which frame the current courtyard commenced in 1948.
The collapse of the land boom in 1926, the killer hurricane in 1928, and the stock market crash of 1929 brought development to a halt in the region. Holy Trinity, holding a large debt for the new building, endured a very difficult struggle and at one point foreclosure was threatened. However, in 1938 as the depression waned, the debt was restructured and disaster was averted.
The formal consecration of the church was held on April 29, 1945, after the mortgage was retired. The event was hailed in the press as "the high point in the history of the Episcopal congregation in West Palm Beach." The consecration services were conducted by Bishop John D. Wing of the Diocese of South Florida, before a congregation that packed the building. The Rev. William S. Turner was rector at that time.
Memorials and gifts throughout the years, too numerous to detail in this limited space, have enhanced the beauty of the church. A large Skinner organ was added to the original organ in 1939, and other additions were subsequently made. The stained glass windows were installed over a period spanning sixty years, with the first window, the large rose window over the altar, being installed in 1924. The most ambitious window addition program occurred in the 1950s with the Rev. James Stirling as Rector. The most recently installed windows, in the south wall of the Baptistry, were installed in 1984.
Having originally been started with the help of Bethesda-by-the-Sea, Holy Trinity has in turn through the years helped start five other Episcopal churches in the area: St. Andrews Church, Lake Worth, St. Georges, Riviera Beach, St. Marks, Palm Beach Gardens, The Church of the Holy Spirit, West Palm Beach, and Grace Episcopal Church, West Palm Beach.
Credit for the data above is given to the following people and websites:
www.flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/https://en.wikipedia.o...www.holytrinitywpb.org/our-history
www.flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/
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