View allAll Photos Tagged ResearchAndDevelopment
International Institute of Tropical Forestry integrating forest inventory data from across Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands disseminates knowledge critical to the conservation of tropical forests.
(USDA Forest Service photo by Preston Keres)
A researcher doing field work. Brazil.
Photo by Neil Palmer/CIAT
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Members of Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin's Policy Office including Chief of Staff Jeff Goettman, left, along with the Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Director Stuart Henderson, right, listen as Machine Control Center Group Leader Paul Vasilauskis, center, talks about the work done in the facility on Thursday, Sept. 8, 2022. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
Nguyen Minh Chau, Director of the Southern Horticultural Research Institute. Asian Development Bank provides the SHRI with expertise, technological and research training assistance.
Read more on:
International Institute of Tropical Forestry integrating forest inventory data from across Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands disseminates knowledge critical to the conservation of tropical forests.
Here, Administrative Support Assistant Jamarys Torres-DÃaz in the Rio Mameyes in the Luquillo Experimental Forest within the El Yunque National Forest.
(USDA Forest Service photo by Preston Keres)
Journalists workshop group photo at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Solange Mosunga (CFT) at the 2019 Science Week at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report: www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-365
GLOBAL MANUFACTURING:
Foreign Government Programs Differ in Some Key Respects From Those in the United States
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-108
RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD: Low Expected Production Volumes Make It Unlikely That Advanced Biofuels Can Meet Increasing Targets
Jolien Schure (CIFOR) at the journalists workshop at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Peat.
Photo by Kristell Hergoualc'h/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Members of the Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute (HUPTI) and the Leo Cancer Center stand next to the CLEO Magnet during a tour inside the SRF Test Lab on Thursday, Mar. 2, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
Today, Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute - HUPTI announced a partnership with Leo Cancer Care to develop an upright proton arc therapy treatment technique for cancer.
The technique will allow patients to stand or sit upright and, combined with an additional CT system, may better target tumors in patients.
Jefferson Lab is proud to contribute to these efforts by applying its nuclear physics and technology expertise to help pave the way for improvements in patient care.
Silvia Ferrari (CIFOR) at the 2019 Science Week at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
International Institute of Tropical Forestry integrating forest inventory data from across Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands disseminates knowledge critical to the conservation of tropical forests.
Here, Operations Assistant Miriam Salgado sample water quality in the Rio Mameyes in the Luquillo Experimental Forest within the El Yunque National Forest.
(USDA Forest Service photo by Preston Keres)
Cyromodule components being assembled inside the SRF Test Lab at Jefferson Lab on Dec. 6, 2022. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
ADB provides the Southern Horticultural Research Institute with technological and research training support. Asian Development Bank provides the SHRI with expertise, technological and research training assistance.
Read more on:
Hans Beeckman (Royal Museum for Central Africa) at the 2019 Science Week at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
The recirculating electron accelerator seen inside Jefferson Lab’s Hall C located in Newport News, Va. on Monday, October, 18, 2022.
(Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-22-104490
Nuclear Waste Cleanup: DOE Needs to Better Coordinate and Prioritize Its Research and Development Efforts
Note: The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is the only repository for the permanent disposal of transuranic waste. Other sites handle transuranic waste disposition by preparing such waste for disposal. Various sites also have on-site disposal areas such as near-surface landfills for other types of waste, such as low-level waste.
Melissa Rousseau (Royal Museum for Central Africa) at the 2019 Science Week at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Virginia Economic Development Association (VEDA) members walk past a cryomodule inside the SRF Test Lab during a tour at Jefferson Lab during a tour on Wednesday, Mar. 15, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
The latest techniques in sustainability and crop yield are developed in the Southern Horticultural Research Institute(SHRI). Asian Development Bank provides the SHRI with expertise, technological and research training assistance.
Read more on:
The Jefferson Lab User Organization satellite meeting held on Sunday, April 16, 2023. (Contributed Photo | Jefferson Lab)
Amand Mbuya Kankolongo, Director of INERA, Benjamin Toirambe Bamoninga, Secretary-General for the Environment and Hans Beeckman, Royal Museum for Central Africa wood biology expert, at the wood biology laboratory inauguration in Yangambi - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Inside the labs of the Southern Horticultural Research Institute, new techniques are developed to boost crop yields. Asian Development Bank provides the SHRI with expertise, technological and research training assistance.
Read more on:
From left: Director Stuart Henderson, Congresswoman Jen Kiggans, Congresswoman Jennifer McClellan, and Congressman Bobby Scott chat during a tour of Jefferson Lab in Newport News, Va., on Tuesday, May 2, 2023. (Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
Scenes from the Science at the Luminosity Frontier Workshop held at Jefferson Lab on Tuesday, January 24, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
This workshop focused on the continued development of the scientific case for a 22 GeV upgrade to CEBAF made possible by recent novel advances in accelerator technology.
Review members take a tour of Main Control Center (MCC) during the EIC OPA Review on Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) study on above-ground and below-ground biomass in mangrove ecosystems, part of Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP). Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Photo by Sigit Deni Sasmito/CIFOR
Related research publication on mangrove:
Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics
www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publ...
Carbon storage in mangrove and peatland ecosystems
www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publ...
For more information about CIFOR’s wetlands research visit: cifor.org/swamp
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Melissa Rousseau (Royal Museum for Central Africa) at the 2019 Science Week at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Hans Beeckman, Royal Museum for Central Africa wood biology expert, at the wood biology laboratory inauguration in Yangambi - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-15-652
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT:
Nuclear Reactors: Status and Challenges in Development and Deployment of New Commercial Concepts
Note: This energy forecast, by fuel type, incorporates a number of assumptions, including the effects of planned and
unplanned builds and retirements of nuclear reactors. It also assumes that most existing reactor operators will apply for and receive approval from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for a second 20-year license renewal.
Racheal Hall poses by her poster during the joint DOE/NIH Workshop: Advancing Medical Care through Discovery in the Physical Sciences Workshop Series’s poster session held at Jefferson Lab on Wednesday, Mar. 16, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
The FH70 (Field Howitzer for the 1970's) is a Towed Howitzer in use with several nations, in 1963, NATO agreed a NATO Basic Military Requirement 39 for Close Support Artillery, either Towed or Tracked. Subsequently, Germany and the UK started discussions and design studies and in 1968 established agreed operational characteristics for a Towed 155 mm Close Support Gun and Italy became a party to the agreement in 1970.
Key requirements were :-
> a detachable auxiliary power unit (APU)
> an unassisted range of 24 km and 30 km assisted
> a burst capability of 3 rounds in 15 to 20 secondsnds, 6 rounds per minute for a short period
and 2 rounds per minute sustained
> be able to fire all 155 mm munitions in NATO service, plus a new range of ammunition.
The two national authorities had overall responsibility for researchanddevelopment, and Vickers Ltd was the co-ordinating design authority, they were also the design authority for the Carriage and Rheinmetall GmbH was the authority for the Elevating Mass, including the Sights, and for the APU. There was a further breakdown at a more detailed level and production worksharing. The UK Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE) was responsible for designing the HE Projectile and the Charge System. Germany was responsible for Smoke, Illuminating, Minelet and Extended Range HE, although development of the last two was not completed in the program.
The intention was for FH70 to replace the M114 155mm Howitzer and equip General Support Battalions in German Divisional Artillery Regiments and to equip three (two Territorial Army (TA) British General Support Medium Regiments replacing the 5.5in Gun. In the event, it actually equipped UK Regular Regiments in direct support of Infantry Brigades until after the end of the Cold War, and only replaced the L118 Light Gun in two TA Regiments, 100th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery and 101st (Northumbrian) Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) from 1992 to 1999.
FH70 Howitzer had several interesting features, including :-
> a vertical sliding-block breech that provided obturation and held a primer magazine containing
12 primers (a similar breech was fitted to German M109G)
> burst fire
> an on-board 1700cc Volkswagen engine to power the hydraulics and to assist bringing the gun
into and out of action (with hand pump back-up) and to move the gun up to 20km at low speed
without towing by an artillery tractor
> electronic firing data display taking data from the otherwise conventional azimuth and elevation sights.
The Barrel was 39 calibres long, giving 827m/s Standard Maximum Muzzle Velocity, it had a Muzzle Brake giving 32% efficiency. Other conventional features included a Split Trail and Turntable Sole Plate. Initially, it had assisted loading, but became an early user of Flick-Ramming. In accordance with long-standing UK practice, it used one-man laying. All this meant that the Gun could be operated by a minimum detachment of only 4 men (Commander, Layer and 2 Loaders) The Burst Fire Rate was 3 rounds in 15sec, it was also fitted with a Direct Fire Telescope.
There were a number of design flaws that became apparent in service, the equipment entered full operational service in the UK in 1980. It became clear that there were significant difficulties with the Tube Feed System in anything but ideal conditions. 1st Regiment RHA, a Unit that had conducted the Troop Trials, developed their own procedures to solve these problems, related to dust contamination, and this process became established in Official Manuals in due course. More significantly, the trails of the Gun proved to be weak at the point where maximum stress was incurred when the equipment was towed, this resulted in modification work on the UK Guns in 1987. There were continual problems with the Drive Train on the Flat-4 VW APU, and the Hydraulic System was always vulnerable to the obvious problems posed by external, Non Armoured, housing in Combat Conditions, in addition, the complex Dial Sight Carrier was vulnerable to damage.
The new Projectiles conformed to the Quadrilateral Ballistics Agreement between US, UK, Germany and Italy, in essence, this meant a Shell with the same shape and dimensions as the US M549 Rocket-Assisted Projectile. The Standard High Explosive (HE) Shell (UK designation L15) is a thin wall design weighing 43.5kg and containing 11.3kg of HE, this remains the largest HE load for a Standard 155mm Shell. The Propellant System comprises three different Bagged Cartridges with Triple-Base Propellant. Cartridge 1 gives Charges 1 & 2, Cartridge 2 give Charges 3–7 and Cartridge 3 is Charge 8, which gives a maximum range under standard conditions of 24.7km.
Each nation developed its own Fuzes and Ammunition Packaging, in the UK's case, this led to the Unit Load Container carrying 17 complete Rounds, including Shells with Fuzes fitted, a novelty for 155mm. Standard US Pattern 155mm Ammunition can also be fired, although US Primers proved problematic for the Primer Magazine and Feed due to their variation in size.
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-108
RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD: Low Expected Production Volumes Make It Unlikely That Advanced Biofuels Can Meet Increasing Targets
Jolien Schure (CIFOR) at the 2019 Science Week at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Jefferson Lab Data Center as U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science’s Director Dr. Asmeret Asefaw Berhe visits JLab in Newport News, Va., on Friday, Mar. 24, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
The FH70 (Field Howitzer for the 1970's) is a Towed Howitzer in use with several nations, in 1963, NATO agreed a NATO Basic Military Requirement 39 for Close Support Artillery, either Towed or Tracked. Subsequently, Germany and the UK started discussions and design studies and in 1968 established agreed operational characteristics for a Towed 155 mm Close Support Gun and Italy became a party to the agreement in 1970.
Key requirements were :-
> a detachable auxiliary power unit (APU)
> an unassisted range of 24 km and 30 km assisted
> a burst capability of 3 rounds in 15 to 20 secondsnds, 6 rounds per minute for a short period
and 2 rounds per minute sustained
> be able to fire all 155 mm munitions in NATO service, plus a new range of ammunition.
The two national authorities had overall responsibility for researchanddevelopment, and Vickers Ltd was the co-ordinating design authority, they were also the design authority for the Carriage and Rheinmetall GmbH was the authority for the Elevating Mass, including the Sights, and for the APU. There was a further breakdown at a more detailed level and production worksharing. The UK Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE) was responsible for designing the HE Projectile and the Charge System. Germany was responsible for Smoke, Illuminating, Minelet and Extended Range HE, although development of the last two was not completed in the program.
The intention was for FH70 to replace the M114 155mm Howitzer and equip General Support Battalions in German Divisional Artillery Regiments and to equip three (two Territorial Army (TA) British General Support Medium Regiments replacing the 5.5in Gun. In the event, it actually equipped UK Regular Regiments in direct support of Infantry Brigades until after the end of the Cold War, and only replaced the L118 Light Gun in two TA Regiments, 100th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery and 101st (Northumbrian) Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) from 1992 to 1999.
FH70 Howitzer had several interesting features, including :-
> a vertical sliding-block breech that provided obturation and held a primer magazine containing
12 primers (a similar breech was fitted to German M109G)
> burst fire
> an on-board 1700cc Volkswagen engine to power the hydraulics and to assist bringing the gun
into and out of action (with hand pump back-up) and to move the gun up to 20km at low speed
without towing by an artillery tractor
> electronic firing data display taking data from the otherwise conventional azimuth and elevation sights.
The Barrel was 39 calibres long, giving 827m/s Standard Maximum Muzzle Velocity, it had a Muzzle Brake giving 32% efficiency. Other conventional features included a Split Trail and Turntable Sole Plate. Initially, it had assisted loading, but became an early user of Flick-Ramming. In accordance with long-standing UK practice, it used one-man laying. All this meant that the Gun could be operated by a minimum detachment of only 4 men (Commander, Layer and 2 Loaders) The Burst Fire Rate was 3 rounds in 15sec, it was also fitted with a Direct Fire Telescope.
There were a number of design flaws that became apparent in service, the equipment entered full operational service in the UK in 1980. It became clear that there were significant difficulties with the Tube Feed System in anything but ideal conditions. 1st Regiment RHA, a Unit that had conducted the Troop Trials, developed their own procedures to solve these problems, related to dust contamination, and this process became established in Official Manuals in due course. More significantly, the trails of the Gun proved to be weak at the point where maximum stress was incurred when the equipment was towed, this resulted in modification work on the UK Guns in 1987. There were continual problems with the Drive Train on the Flat-4 VW APU, and the Hydraulic System was always vulnerable to the obvious problems posed by external, Non Armoured, housing in Combat Conditions, in addition, the complex Dial Sight Carrier was vulnerable to damage.
The new Projectiles conformed to the Quadrilateral Ballistics Agreement between US, UK, Germany and Italy, in essence, this meant a Shell with the same shape and dimensions as the US M549 Rocket-Assisted Projectile. The Standard High Explosive (HE) Shell (UK designation L15) is a thin wall design weighing 43.5kg and containing 11.3kg of HE, this remains the largest HE load for a Standard 155mm Shell. The Propellant System comprises three different Bagged Cartridges with Triple-Base Propellant. Cartridge 1 gives Charges 1 & 2, Cartridge 2 give Charges 3–7 and Cartridge 3 is Charge 8, which gives a maximum range under standard conditions of 24.7km.
Each nation developed its own Fuzes and Ammunition Packaging, in the UK's case, this led to the Unit Load Container carrying 17 complete Rounds, including Shells with Fuzes fitted, a novelty for 155mm. Standard US Pattern 155mm Ammunition can also be fired, although US Primers proved problematic for the Primer Magazine and Feed due to their variation in size.
Large dipole magnets are seen inside the North Linac tunnel during a tour on Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
The FH70 (Field Howitzer for the 1970's) is a Towed Howitzer in use with several nations, in 1963, NATO agreed a NATO Basic Military Requirement 39 for Close Support Artillery, either Towed or Tracked. Subsequently, Germany and the UK started discussions and design studies and in 1968 established agreed operational characteristics for a Towed 155 mm Close Support Gun and Italy became a party to the agreement in 1970.
Key requirements were :-
> a detachable auxiliary power unit (APU)
> an unassisted range of 24 km and 30 km assisted
> a burst capability of 3 rounds in 15 to 20 secondsnds, 6 rounds per minute for a short period
and 2 rounds per minute sustained
> be able to fire all 155 mm munitions in NATO service, plus a new range of ammunition.
The two national authorities had overall responsibility for researchanddevelopment, and Vickers Ltd was the co-ordinating design authority, they were also the design authority for the Carriage and Rheinmetall GmbH was the authority for the Elevating Mass, including the Sights, and for the APU. There was a further breakdown at a more detailed level and production worksharing. The UK Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE) was responsible for designing the HE Projectile and the Charge System. Germany was responsible for Smoke, Illuminating, Minelet and Extended Range HE, although development of the last two was not completed in the program.
The intention was for FH70 to replace the M114 155mm Howitzer and equip General Support Battalions in German Divisional Artillery Regiments and to equip three (two Territorial Army (TA) British General Support Medium Regiments replacing the 5.5in Gun. In the event, it actually equipped UK Regular Regiments in direct support of Infantry Brigades until after the end of the Cold War, and only replaced the L118 Light Gun in two TA Regiments, 100th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery and 101st (Northumbrian) Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) from 1992 to 1999.
FH70 Howitzer had several interesting features, including :-
> a vertical sliding-block breech that provided obturation and held a primer magazine containing
12 primers (a similar breech was fitted to German M109G)
> burst fire
> an on-board 1700cc Volkswagen engine to power the hydraulics and to assist bringing the gun
into and out of action (with hand pump back-up) and to move the gun up to 20km at low speed
without towing by an artillery tractor
> electronic firing data display taking data from the otherwise conventional azimuth and elevation sights.
The Barrel was 39 calibres long, giving 827m/s Standard Maximum Muzzle Velocity, it had a Muzzle Brake giving 32% efficiency. Other conventional features included a Split Trail and Turntable Sole Plate. Initially, it had assisted loading, but became an early user of Flick-Ramming. In accordance with long-standing UK practice, it used one-man laying. All this meant that the Gun could be operated by a minimum detachment of only 4 men (Commander, Layer and 2 Loaders) The Burst Fire Rate was 3 rounds in 15sec, it was also fitted with a Direct Fire Telescope.
There were a number of design flaws that became apparent in service, the equipment entered full operational service in the UK in 1980. It became clear that there were significant difficulties with the Tube Feed System in anything but ideal conditions. 1st Regiment RHA, a Unit that had conducted the Troop Trials, developed their own procedures to solve these problems, related to dust contamination, and this process became established in Official Manuals in due course. More significantly, the trails of the Gun proved to be weak at the point where maximum stress was incurred when the equipment was towed, this resulted in modification work on the UK Guns in 1987. There were continual problems with the Drive Train on the Flat-4 VW APU, and the Hydraulic System was always vulnerable to the obvious problems posed by external, Non Armoured, housing in Combat Conditions, in addition, the complex Dial Sight Carrier was vulnerable to damage.
The new Projectiles conformed to the Quadrilateral Ballistics Agreement between US, UK, Germany and Italy, in essence, this meant a Shell with the same shape and dimensions as the US M549 Rocket-Assisted Projectile. The Standard High Explosive (HE) Shell (UK designation L15) is a thin wall design weighing 43.5kg and containing 11.3kg of HE, this remains the largest HE load for a Standard 155mm Shell. The Propellant System comprises three different Bagged Cartridges with Triple-Base Propellant. Cartridge 1 gives Charges 1 & 2, Cartridge 2 give Charges 3–7 and Cartridge 3 is Charge 8, which gives a maximum range under standard conditions of 24.7km.
Each nation developed its own Fuzes and Ammunition Packaging, in the UK's case, this led to the Unit Load Container carrying 17 complete Rounds, including Shells with Fuzes fitted, a novelty for 155mm. Standard US Pattern 155mm Ammunition can also be fired, although US Primers proved problematic for the Primer Magazine and Feed due to their variation in size.
U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science’s Director Dr. Asmeret Asefaw Berhe visits Jefferson Lab on Friday, Mar. 24, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
Dignified attendees unveil the new logo for the Biomedical Research & Innovation Center (BRIC) during a press announcement event held at Jefferson Lab in Newport News, Va., on Friday, Mar. 24, 2023. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
MSc student Muyisa Mbusa Wasukundi at the wood laboratory in Yangambi - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Journalists workshop facilitated by Gloria Pallares at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Journalists workshop facilitated by Gloria Pallares at UNIKIS, Kisangani - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Students taking part in the 37th Annual Hampton University Graduate Studies (HUGS) Program tour Experimental Hall C at Jefferson Lab in Newport News, Va., on Friday, June 2, 2023. (Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
The HUGS Program at Jefferson Lab is an educational summer program designed for experimental and theoretical nuclear and particle physics graduate students who have finished their coursework and have at least one year of research experience in these fields.
Alfred Ntumba, journalist workshop at UNIKIS, Yangambi - DRC.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Behind the Central Helium Liquefier building at Jefferson Lab on Monday, October, 18, 2022. (Photo by Aileen Devlin | Jefferson Lab)
The FH70 (Field Howitzer for the 1970's) is a Towed Howitzer in use with several nations, in 1963, NATO agreed a NATO Basic Military Requirement 39 for Close Support Artillery, either Towed or Tracked. Subsequently, Germany and the UK started discussions and design studies and in 1968 established agreed operational characteristics for a Towed 155 mm Close Support Gun and Italy became a party to the agreement in 1970.
Key requirements were :-
> a detachable auxiliary power unit (APU)
> an unassisted range of 24 km and 30 km assisted
> a burst capability of 3 rounds in 15 to 20 secondsnds, 6 rounds per minute for a short period
and 2 rounds per minute sustained
> be able to fire all 155 mm munitions in NATO service, plus a new range of ammunition.
The two national authorities had overall responsibility for researchanddevelopment, and Vickers Ltd was the co-ordinating design authority, they were also the design authority for the Carriage and Rheinmetall GmbH was the authority for the Elevating Mass, including the Sights, and for the APU. There was a further breakdown at a more detailed level and production worksharing. The UK Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE) was responsible for designing the HE Projectile and the Charge System. Germany was responsible for Smoke, Illuminating, Minelet and Extended Range HE, although development of the last two was not completed in the program.
The intention was for FH70 to replace the M114 155mm Howitzer and equip General Support Battalions in German Divisional Artillery Regiments and to equip three (two Territorial Army (TA) British General Support Medium Regiments replacing the 5.5in Gun. In the event, it actually equipped UK Regular Regiments in direct support of Infantry Brigades until after the end of the Cold War, and only replaced the L118 Light Gun in two TA Regiments, 100th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery and 101st (Northumbrian) Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) from 1992 to 1999.
FH70 Howitzer had several interesting features, including :-
> a vertical sliding-block breech that provided obturation and held a primer magazine containing
12 primers (a similar breech was fitted to German M109G)
> burst fire
> an on-board 1700cc Volkswagen engine to power the hydraulics and to assist bringing the gun
into and out of action (with hand pump back-up) and to move the gun up to 20km at low speed
without towing by an artillery tractor
> electronic firing data display taking data from the otherwise conventional azimuth and elevation sights.
The Barrel was 39 calibres long, giving 827m/s Standard Maximum Muzzle Velocity, it had a Muzzle Brake giving 32% efficiency. Other conventional features included a Split Trail and Turntable Sole Plate. Initially, it had assisted loading, but became an early user of Flick-Ramming. In accordance with long-standing UK practice, it used one-man laying. All this meant that the Gun could be operated by a minimum detachment of only 4 men (Commander, Layer and 2 Loaders) The Burst Fire Rate was 3 rounds in 15sec, it was also fitted with a Direct Fire Telescope.
There were a number of design flaws that became apparent in service, the equipment entered full operational service in the UK in 1980. It became clear that there were significant difficulties with the Tube Feed System in anything but ideal conditions. 1st Regiment RHA, a Unit that had conducted the Troop Trials, developed their own procedures to solve these problems, related to dust contamination, and this process became established in Official Manuals in due course. More significantly, the trails of the Gun proved to be weak at the point where maximum stress was incurred when the equipment was towed, this resulted in modification work on the UK Guns in 1987. There were continual problems with the Drive Train on the Flat-4 VW APU, and the Hydraulic System was always vulnerable to the obvious problems posed by external, Non Armoured, housing in Combat Conditions, in addition, the complex Dial Sight Carrier was vulnerable to damage.
The new Projectiles conformed to the Quadrilateral Ballistics Agreement between US, UK, Germany and Italy, in essence, this meant a Shell with the same shape and dimensions as the US M549 Rocket-Assisted Projectile. The Standard High Explosive (HE) Shell (UK designation L15) is a thin wall design weighing 43.5kg and containing 11.3kg of HE, this remains the largest HE load for a Standard 155mm Shell. The Propellant System comprises three different Bagged Cartridges with Triple-Base Propellant. Cartridge 1 gives Charges 1 & 2, Cartridge 2 give Charges 3–7 and Cartridge 3 is Charge 8, which gives a maximum range under standard conditions of 24.7km.
Each nation developed its own Fuzes and Ammunition Packaging, in the UK's case, this led to the Unit Load Container carrying 17 complete Rounds, including Shells with Fuzes fitted, a novelty for 155mm. Standard US Pattern 155mm Ammunition can also be fired, although US Primers proved problematic for the Primer Magazine and Feed due to their variation in size.