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The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., it has served as the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800 when the national capital was moved from Philadelphia. The term "White House" is often used as metonymy for the president and his advisers.
The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the Neoclassical style. Hoban modeled the building on Leinster House in Dublin, a building which today houses the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. Construction took place between 1792 and 1800, with an exterior of Aquia Creek sandstone painted white. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he and architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe added low colonnades on each wing to conceal what then were stables and storage. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by British forces in the burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed Executive Residence in October 1817. Exterior construction continued with the addition of the semicircular South Portico in 1824 and the North Portico in 1829.
Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, which was eventually moved and expanded. In the Executive Residence, the third floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. The East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the residence's load-bearing walls and wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame was constructed inside the walls. On the exterior, the Truman Balcony was added. Once the structural work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
The present-day White House complex includes the Executive Residence, the West Wing, the East Wing, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, which previously served the State Department and other departments (it now houses additional offices for the president's staff and the vice president), and Blair House, a guest residence. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories: the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, and a two-story basement. The property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of America's Favorite Architecture.
Following his April 1789 inauguration, President George Washington occupied two private houses in New York City, which served as the executive mansion. He lived at the first, Franklin House, which was owned by Treasury Commissioner Samuel Osgood, at 3 Cherry Street, through late February 1790. The executive mansion moved to the larger quarters at Alexander Macomb House at 39–41 Broadway, where Washington stayed with his wife Martha and a small staff until August 1790. In May 1790, construction began on a new official residence in Manhattan called Government House.
Washington never lived at Government House since the national capital was moved to Philadelphia in 1790, where it remained through 1800. The July 1790 Residence Act designated the capital be permanently located in the new Federal District, and temporarily in Philadelphia for ten years while the permanent capital was built. Philadelphia rented the mansion of Robert Morris, a merchant, at 190 High Street, now 524–30 Market Street, as the President's House, which Washington occupied from November 1790 to March 1797. Since the house was too small to accommodate the 30 people who then made up the presidential family, staff, and servants, Washington had it enlarged.
President John Adams, who succeeded Washington and served as the nation's second president, occupied the High Street mansion in Philadelphia from March 1797 to May 1800. Philadelphia began construction of a much grander presidential mansion several blocks away in 1792. It was nearly completed by the time of Adams' 1797 inauguration. However, Adams chose not to occupy it, saying he did not have Congressional authorization to lease the building. It remained vacant until 1800 when it was sold to the University of Pennsylvania.
On Saturday, November 1, 1800, Adams became the first president to occupy the White House. The President's House in Philadelphia was converted into Union Hotel and later used for stores before being demolished in 1832
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly called Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with Maryland to its north and east. Washington, D.C., was named for George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States. The district is named for Columbia, the female personification of the nation.
Washington, D.C., anchors the southern end of the Northeast megalopolis, one of the nation's largest and most influential cultural, political, and economic regions. As the seat of the U.S. federal government and several international organizations, the city is an important world political capital. The city had 20.7 million domestic visitors and 1.2 million international visitors, ranking seventh among U.S. cities as of 2022.
The U.S. Constitution in 1789 called for the creation of a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress. As such, Washington, D.C., is not part of any state, and is not one itself. The Residence Act, adopted on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district along the Potomac River. The city was founded in 1791, and the 6th Congress held the first session in the unfinished Capitol Building in 1800 after the capital moved from Philadelphia. In 1801, the District of Columbia, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia and including the existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria, was officially recognized as the federal district; initially, the city was a separate settlement within the larger federal district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria. In 1871, it created a single municipality for the remaining portion of the district, although its locally elected government only lasted three years and elective city-government did not return for over a century. There have been several unsuccessful efforts to make the district into a state since the 1880s; a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021 but was not adopted by the U.S. Senate. Designed in 1791 by Pierre Charles L'Enfant, the city is divided into quadrants, which are centered around the Capitol Building and include 131 neighborhoods. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 689,545, making it the 23rd-most populous city in the U.S., third-most populous city in the Southeast after Jacksonville and Charlotte, and third-most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic after New York City and Philadelphia. Commuters from the city's Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, which includes parts of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, is the country's seventh-largest metropolitan area, with a 2023 population of 6.3 million residents.
The city hosts the U.S. federal government and the buildings that house government headquarters, including the White House, the Capitol, the Supreme Court Building, and multiple federal departments and agencies. The city is home to many national monuments and museums, located most prominently on or around the National Mall, including the Jefferson Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Washington Monument. It hosts 177 foreign embassies and serves as the headquarters for the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization of American States, and other international organizations. Many of the nation's largest industry associations, non-profit organizations, and think tanks are based in the city, including AARP, American Red Cross, Atlantic Council, Brookings Institution, National Geographic Society, The Heritage Foundation, Wilson Center, and others.
A locally elected mayor and 13-member council have governed the district since 1973, though Congress retains the power to overturn local laws. Washington, D.C., residents are, on the federal level, politically disenfranchised since the city's residents do not have voting representation in Congress; the city's residents elect a single at-large congressional delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives who has no voting authority. The city's voters choose three presidential electors in accordance with the Twenty-third Amendment.
The District of Columbia was created in 1801 as the federal district of the United States, with territory previously held by the states of Maryland and Virginia ceded to the federal government of the United States for the purpose of creating its federal district, which would encompass the new national capital of the United States, the City of Washington. The district came into existence, with its own judges and marshals, through the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801; previously it was the Territory of Columbia. According to specific language in the U.S. Constitution, it was 100 square miles (259 km2).
The district encompassed three small cities: Alexandria, formerly in Virginia, Georgetown, formerly Maryland, and the deliberately planned central core, the City of Washington. Both the White House and the United States Capitol were already completed and in use by 1800 as called for by the 1791 L'Enfant Plan for the City of Washington, although the city was not formally chartered until 1802. Beyond those cities, the remainder of the district was farmland organized by the 1801 Act into two counties, Washington County, D.C., on the Maryland side, and Alexandria County, D.C., on the Virginia side, encompassing today's Arlington County, Virginia, and the independent city of Alexandria.
The district was governed directly by the U.S. Congress from the beginning. Alexandria City and County were ceded back from the federal government to the commonwealth of Virginia in 1846, in a process known as retrocession, anticipating the 1850 ban on slave trading (but not slavery) in the district.
Washington and Georgetown retained their separate charters for seventy years, until the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871. That act cancelled the charters of the towns and brought the entire area within the district borders under one district government, ending any distinction between "the District of Columbia" and "Washington", making the two terms effectively synonymous.
Main article: History of Washington, D.C. § Establishment
Congress determined, in the Residence Act of 1790, that the nation's capital be on the Potomac, between the Anacostia River and today's Williamsport, Maryland, and in a federal district up to 10 miles square. The exact location was to be determined by President George Washington, familiar with the area from his nearby home and properties at Mt. Vernon, Virginia.
Its trans-state location reflected a compromise between the Southern and Northern states. Virginia lobbied for the selection, an idea opposed by New York and Pennsylvania, both of which had previously housed the nation's capital. Maryland, whose State House was older than that of Virginia, and like Virginia a slave state, was chosen as a compromise. At Washington's request the City of Alexandria was included in the district, though with the provision that no federal buildings could be built there. The new capital district was at about the center of the country.
About 2/3 of the original district was in Maryland and 1/3 in Virginia, and the wide Potomac in the middle. The future district was surveyed in 1791–92; 24 of its surviving stone markers are in Maryland, 12 in Virginia. (See Boundary Markers of the original District of Columbia.) Washington decided that the capital's location would be located between the mouth of the Anacostia River and Georgetown, which sits at the Potomac's head of navigation.
As specified by Article One of the United States Constitution, in fact as one of the enumerated powers of section 8, Congress assumed direct administrative control of the federal district upon its creation by the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801. There was no district governor or executive body. The U.S. House created a permanent Committee on the District of Columbia in January 1808, and the U.S. Senate established its counterpart in December 1816. These committees remained active until 1946. Thus the U.S. Congress managed the detailed day-to-day governmental needs of the district through acts of Congress—an act authorizing the purchase of fire engines and construction of a firehouse, for instance, or an act to commission three new city streets and closing two others in Georgetown.
The five component parts of the district operated their own governments at the lower level. The three cities within the district (Georgetown, the City of Washington, and Alexandria) operated their own municipal governments, each with a continuous history of mayors. Robert Brent, the first mayor of the City of Washington, was appointed directly by Thomas Jefferson in 1802 after the city's organization that year.
The remaining rural territory within the district belonged either to Alexandria County D.C., (district land west of the Potomac outside the City of Alexandria, formerly in Virginia) or to Washington County, D.C., (the unincorporated east side, formerly in Maryland, plus islands and riverbed). Both counties operated with boards of commissioners for county-level government functions. Both counties were governed by levy courts made of presidentially appointed Justices of the Peace. Prior to 1812, the levy courts had a number of members defined by the president, but after that Washington County had 7 members. In 1848, the Washington County levy court was expanded to 11 members, and in 1863 that was reduced by two to nine members.
The language of the establishing act of 1801 omitted any provision for district residents to vote for local, state-equivalent, or federal representatives.
This omission was not related to any constitutional restriction or, apparently, any rationale at all. Legal scholars in 2004 called the omission of voting rights a simple "historical accident", pointing out that the preceding Residence Act of July 16, 1790, exercising the same constitutional authority over the same territory around the Potomac, had protected the votes of the district's citizens in federal and state elections. Those citizens had indeed continued to cast ballots, from 1790 through 1800, for their U.S. House representatives and for their Maryland and Virginia state legislators. James Madison had written in the Federalist No. 43 that the citizens of the federal district should "of course" have their will represented, "derived from their own suffrages." The necessary language simply did not appear in the 1801 legislation.
The prospect of disenfranchisement caused immediate concern. One voice from a public meeting in January 1801, before the bill's passage, compared their situation to those who fought against British taxation without representation in the Revolutionary War—20 years prior. Despite these complaints the bill went into effect as written. Given exclusive and absolute political control, Congress did not act to restore any of these rights until the 1960s. The district still has no voting representation in Congress, and the decisions of its long-sought local government established in 1973 are still subject to close congressional review, annulment, and budget control.
Residents of Alexandria saw no economic advantage from being in the District. No federal buildings could be built on the south side of the Potomac, nor did they have representation in Congress. Some resistance was expressed immediately. One leading figure in the fight to retrocede through the 1820s was Thomson Francis Mason, who was elected mayor of Alexandria, D.C., four times between 1827 and 1830. Also Alexandria was a center of the profitable slave trade – the largest slave-trading company in the country, Franklin and Armfield, was located there – and Alexandria residents were afraid that if the District banned the slave trade, as seemed likely, this industry would leave the city.
To prevent this, Arlington held a referendum, through which voters petitioned Congress and the state of Virginia to return the portion of the District of Columbia south of the Potomac River (Alexandria County) to Virginia. On July 9, 1846, Congress retroceded Alexandria County to Virginia, after which the district's slave traders relocated to Alexandria. The district's slave trade was outlawed in the Compromise of 1850. The penalty for bringing a slave into the district for sale, was freedom for the slave. Southern senators and congressmen resisted banning slavery altogether in the District, to avoid setting a precedent. The practice remained legal in the district until after secession, with the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act signed by Lincoln on April 16, 1862, which established the annual observance of Emancipation Day.
The District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 created a single new district corporation governing the entire federal territory, called the District of Columbia, thus dissolving the three major political subdivisions of the district (Port of Georgetown, the City of Washington, and Washington County) and their governments. By this time the county also contained other small settlements and nascent suburbs of Washington outside its bounded limits, such as Anacostia, which had been incorporated in 1854 as Uniontown; Fort Totten, dating at least to the Civil War; and Barry Farm, a large tract bought by the Freedmen's Bureau and granted to formerly enslaved and free-born African Americans in 1867.
The newly restructured district government provided for a governor appointed by the president for a 4-year term, with an 11-member council also appointed by the president, a locally elected 22-member assembly, and a five-man Board of Public Works charged with modernizing the city. The first vice-chair of that Board of Public Works was real-estate developer Alexander Robey Shepherd, the architect and proponent of the consolidating legislation. From September 1873 to June 1874, Shepherd would serve as the second, and final, governor of the District.
The Seal of the District of Columbia features the date 1871, recognizing the year the district's government was incorporated.
Mary Ann Schmidt, co-chair of the Crystal Springs Partnership was among the volunteers and partners who spent the last two days relocating fresh water mussels in Crystal Springs Creek in advance of a planned bridge replacement over the creek.
© M J Anahory. These images are protected by copyright. You cannot copy or republish this photo without written consent of the copyright holder. Any copyright infringements will be followed up with action legal or otherwise.
O'Hara's and Lord Airey's Batteries are located at the highest point on the Rock of Gibraltar at a height of 426 meters (1,383 ft). The Batteries are built on the site of O'Hara's Tower and named after Governor General Charles O'Hara. O'Hara had believed that, if a watchtower was constructed on the highest point of the Rock, the Garrison would be able to observe the Spanish fleet at Cadiz. O'Hara's Tower was not successful in its intended purpose and was therefore nicknamed O'Hara's Folly.
O'Hara and Lord Airey's Batteries are two of three surviving 9.2 inch Mark X Coastal Defence Gun emplacements in Gibraltar. The third emplacement is located at Breakneck Battery which continues to under the ownership of the Ministry of Defence and inaccessible. A similar 9.2 inch Mark X Coastal Defence Gun originally sited at Spur Battery below O'Hara's Battery was dismantled and relocated at the Imperial War Museum at Duxford. A photo of the Gibraltar Gun at Spur Battery can be viewed in the set of the same name in this photostream.
The 9.2 inch Mark X Coastal Defence Guns at O'Hara's, Lord Airey's and Spur Batteries had a range of 29,600 yds which easily covered both the Straits of Gibraltar (25,500 yds) and the Bay of Gibraltar (9,000 yds).
House Movers were plagued with problems while moving this house from the area of LA International Airport, to Ventu Park. Photo by Ken Hively for the News Chronicle. 04-01-1977_2c. CTO_592
We're happy to share this digital image on Flickr. Please note that this is a copyrighted image. For information regarding obtaining a reproduction of this image, please contact the Special Collections Librarian of the Thousand Oaks Library at specoll@tolibrary.org
Because of how the blonde had a lot more surface damage, odor issues, loose elastic and balding spots, I decided that masking tape feet guy could have benefitted better from the parts than him.
So with a bit of yanking and crying, Masking Tape guy had the limbs of Blondie, and hands from an Obitsu male Normal body’s hands, which, btw has the perfect sized posts to fit into Vintage Joe arms.
Alpha Joe didn’t have much to do except I swapped out his hands with a pair of repro GI Joe hands so I’m pretty proud to have almost two complete Vintage Joes for Under $10. Their hair is pretty darn full of flocking too, I just need to carefully pick out the dust and lint that has matted it, as well as touch up their paint and scruffed noses.
poor Blondie though is just parts bait til i figure out what to do with him.
My new job as a North American Commodity Relocation Specialist.
(translation: trucker) I just got my trucker's CDL license and will report to work at TMC on Monday morning at 6:30am.
I took this photo last month on a Sunday afternoon. This is just part of the 50 acres owned by TMC. There are over 300 trucks loaded and ready to roll on Monday morning. The company has over 3,200 trucks across the USA.
The Baymont Inn is in the background. It is owned by TMC. The truckers and their families can stay there for free.
TMC trucks in Des Moines lot (location in WikiMapia.org)
Photo: 2006 10 01 IA Des Moines TMC Trucks 01-14-05 PM_0076
This house was relocated from across the stream. It was moved in from a regenerating wilderness area in order to assure preservation. Sadly, I had to use a healing brush to remove graffiti from the inside walls of the cabin.
Five exposure processing with Photomatix Pro 4.0.2
Reconstructed guardtower at Manzanar.
During WWII, 110,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry were involuntarily relocated to Manzanar, near Independence, California, in the Eatsern Sierra.
This image is believed to be in the public domain and is from the National Archives. More information may be found below.
Search or Contact the National Archives.
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Public Domain. Suggested credit: Stewart/NARA via pingnews. Additional information from source:
ARC Identifier: 537103
Local Identifier: 210-G-B495
Title: Poston, Arizona. Cheiko Neeno, nurse's aid student at the Poston Hospital, attending a baby patient . . ., 05/03/1943
Large image (110827 Bytes)
Creator: Department of the Interior. War Relocation Authority. (02/16/1944 - 06/30/1946) ( Most Recent)
Type of Archival Materials:
Photographs and other Graphic Materials
Level of Description:
Item from Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, 1941 - 1947
Location: Still Picture Records LICON, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001 PHONE: 301-837-3530, FAX: 301-837-3621, EMAIL: stillpix@nara.gov
Production Date: 05/03/1943
Part of: Series: Central Photographic File of the War Relocation Authority, 1942 - 1945
Scope & Content Note:
The full caption for this photograph reads: Poston, Arizona. Cheiko Neeno, nurse's aid student at the Poston Hospital, attending a baby patient in the children's ward. These nurse's aid students are taught to efficiently assist registered nurses in the care and treatment of patients. The course consists of one year's intensive training.
Access Restrictions:
Unrestricted
Use Restrictions: Unrestricted
Variant Control Number(s):
NAIL Control Number: NWDNS-210-G-B495
Copy 1
Copy Status: Preservation
Storage Facility: National Archives at College Park - Archives II (College Park, MD)
Media
Media Type: Negative
Index Terms
Contributors to Authorship and/or Production of the Archival Materials
Stewart, Francis, Photographer
In June 2023, U.S. Coast Guard certified lampist Kurt Fosburg visited CBMM to relocate a third-order Fresnel lens from display in the second floor of the 1879 Hooper Strait Lighthouse to its new home at the entrance of the new Welcome Center where it will greet guests upon their arrival to campus.
Photo by George Sass
Relocated "Forever Marilyn" statue after it was returned to Palm Springs in 2021, Palm Springs, California.
Joe Momma's pizza closed in the summer of 2015 because of a fire. It reopened on 5 January 2018 at this nearby new location.
UPDATE: Permanently closed 9 December 2018.
Tulsa, OK
This uloborid spider was making a web across the hallway in my house! I relocated it outside on our Strelitzia. [Lower Blue Mountains, NSW]
This big fella showed up in a drainpipe, luckily the kids caught it before the dog. Here they are releasing him on the bank of Werribee River.
2016/366 - Day 38
Moved my desk, pondered setting up the displays in portrait mode. Returned them to landscape after this picture.
Horseshoe Barn and Annex
Shelburne Museum is a museum of art, design, and Americana located in Shelburne, Vermont, United States. Over 150,000 works are exhibited in 39 exhibition buildings, 25 of which are historic and were relocated to the museum grounds. It is located on 45 acres (18 ha) near Lake Champlain.
Impressionist paintings, folk art, quilts and textiles, decorative arts, furniture, American paintings, and an array of 17th- to 20th-century artifacts are on view. Shelburne is home to collections of 19th-century American folk art, quilts, 19th- and 20th-century decoys, and carriages.
Electra Havemeyer Webb was a pioneering collector of American folk art, and founded Shelburne Museum in 1947. The daughter of Henry Osborne Havemeyer and Louisine Elder Havemeyer, important collectors of Impressionism, European and Asian art, she exercised an independent eye and passion for art, artifacts, and architecture celebrating a distinctly American aesthetic.
When creating the museum, she took the step of collecting 18th and 19th century buildings from New England and New York in which to display the museum's holdings, relocating 20 historic structures to Shelburne. These include houses, barns, a meeting house, a one-room schoolhouse, a lighthouse, a jail, a general store, a covered bridge, and the 220-foot steamboat Ticonderoga.
In Shelburne Mrs. Webb sought to create "an educational project, varied and alive." Shelburne's collections are exhibited in a village-like setting of historic New England architecture, accented by a landscape that includes over 400 lilacs, a circular formal garden, herb and heirloom vegetable gardens, and perennial gardens.
In 2013, the Pizzagalli Center for Art and Education was opened with two galleries, an auditorium, and a classroom, transforming the institution from seasonal (mid-May through October) to year-round operation.
In 2023, the Native American Initiative was announced, aiming to construct a building to display and interpret both the materials already in the museum's stewardship, and the Perry Collection, a 200 piece collection of various works by Plains, Prairie, and Southwest groups.
History
The museum's collection was begun by Electra Havemeyer Webb, one of the first people to recognize the applied and decorative arts of rural America as collectible. Webb was an avid collector of American folk art and founded the museum in 1947. She took the step of relocating historic buildings from New England and New York to Shelburne in which to display the museum's holdings.
The museum has lost money and was said to have had a deficit of more than $300,000 (~$559,503 in 2023) in 1994.
Collections
The core of the collection was formed by Electra Havemeyer Webb, a pioneering collector of American folk art who founded Shelburne Museum. Mrs. Webb exchanged ideas with other major early collectors, including Katherine Prentis Murphy, Henry and Helen Flynnt and Henry Francis du Pont (who founded the Winterthur Museum and credited Mrs. Webb with inspiring him to collect American decorative arts).
Since Mrs. Webb's death in 1960, the collections have developed with an emphasis on folk art and contemporary art as it relates to the collection. Artifacts provide insight into the craftsmanship and artistic quality of objects made and used by three centuries of Americans. Visitors experience these objects in galleries and period rooms and through interactive exhibitions and demonstrations. Transportation, farming and trade artifacts illustrate America's industrial development from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. These collections are increasingly relevant to regional audiences from varied backgrounds as the economic base of the community shifts away from farming and small-scale production.
Shelburne Museum's purpose is to enrich people's lives through art, history and culture. The collection of approximately 150,000 objects is one of the most extensive and varied collections in the US and is notable for its great range, quality and depth. The outstanding collections of fine, folk and decorative art celebrate American ingenuity, creativity and craftsmanship.
Shelburne's folk art collection includes 1,400 wildfowl decoys and miniature carvings, 150 trade figures and signs, 120 weathervanes and 50 carousel figures, including all 40 animals from an early Dentzel carousel. The circus collection includes 600 historic posters, letters and memorabilia from P.T. Barnum, and the hand-carved 3,500 piece Kirk Brothers Miniature Circus. The Roy Arnold Circus Parade recreates in miniature 112 attractions from the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show, Yankee Circus, and Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in 525 linear feet of a special exhibition building.
Textiles include 770 bed coverings (including 500 quilts), 400 hooked and sewn rugs, early household textiles (1,800 samplers, laces and linens) and 2,800 costumes and accessories. The decorative arts collection has 6,650 pieces, including glass, ceramics, pewter, metalwork, scrimshaw and one of the country's best regional collections of 18th- and 19th-century painted furniture. Over 1,000 dolls, 27 dollhouses and 1,200 doll accessories echo in miniature the museum's collections of ceramics, furniture and other household furnishings. A major reinterpretation and related publication of the doll collection was completed in 2004. The collection of American and European toys dates from the beginning of the 19th century.
At the museum there are some 3,200 American prints, paintings, drawings and graphics that relate to daily life. American paintings include works by Bierstadt, Cassatt, Chase, Copley, Heade, Homer, Eastman Johnson, Lane, Grandma Moses, Peto and Andrew Wyeth. A significant group of European paintings and pastels from the renowned Havemeyer collection includes works by Corot, Daubigny, Degas, Manet and Monet; they are exhibited in furnished rooms re-created from the Webbs' New York apartment, c. 1930, and are the only Impressionism pictures on public view in Vermont.
Collections also include 225 horse-drawn vehicles (described as one of the best in the nation by Merri Ferrell, formerly curator of vehicles at the Long Island Museum of Art, History and Carriages); 1,000 farming implements; and 5,000 hand tools that document woodworking, metalsmithing, coopering, weaving and spinning, leatherworking and woodcarving trades. Craftspeople staff working exhibits of blacksmithing, printing, spinning and weaving. An apothecary shop/physician's office displays 2,000 patent medicines and turn of the 20th century medical instruments.
The collections are exhibited in a setting of 38 exhibition buildings, 25 of which were relocated to the museum; the 1871 Colchester Reef Light; three historic and three replica barns, including a 1901 Vermont round barn; a vintage operating carousel; blacksmith and wheelwright shops; a weaving shop with an operating Jacquard loom; a working exhibit of late 19th-century printing equipment; an 1840 one-room schoolhouse; an 1890 Vermont slate jail; an 1840 general store; a rare 18th-century up-and-down sawmill; a 19th-century covered bridge with two lanes and a footpath; the reconstructed office of noted Vermont physician D. C. Jarvis; an 1890 railroad station; a 1914 steam locomotive and 1890 private rail car; and the 1906 220-foot (67 m) steamboat Ticonderoga, which is a U.S. National Historic Landmark.
Controversy
Sale of art
In 1996 the museum sold $30 million (~$53.8 million in 2023) of its art to pay expenses. J. Watson Webb Jr., the son of Electra Havemeyer Webb, resigned in protest. Webb believed that the sale violated the code of ethics of the American Alliance of Museums, which forbids the selling of artworks for purposes other than acquiring more art. The funds from the sale were used to establish a Collections Care Endowment which is used to support the ongoing remedial and preventative conservation, storage and management of the museum's collection.
(Wikipedia)
The Horseshoe Barn and Horseshoe Barn Annex are two exhibit buildings located at Shelburne Museum in Shelburne, Vermont. Both buildings exhibit a variety of horse-drawn vehicles, including carriages, trade wagons, stagecoaches, and sleighs.
History
Electra Havemeyer Webb's desire to provide a suitable setting for the carriage collection of her father-in-law, Dr. William Seward Webb, provided the inspiration for founding Shelburne Museum. She searched Vermont for a building to house these fine carriages and found a unique horseshoe-shaped dairy barn near the town of Georgia. When the owner declined to sell the barn, Electra Webb directed her staff to create a copy of the structure. Over a two-year period they located, moved, and assembled hand-hewn beams from twelve Vermont barns and stone from two gristmills to construct their own horseshoe barn on museum grounds.
Completed in July 1949, the massive structure, which is 238.5 feet (72.7 m) long and 32 feet (9.8 m) wide, incorporated 745 timbers, posts, and braces, 17,000 feet (5,200 m) of plank and other boarding, and 9,000 square feet (840 m2) of slate. Carpenters specially cut new clapboards for the exterior siding with an up-and-down saw to recreate the markings found on the original building.
In 1957, after the addition of 150 more vehicles to the transportation collection, the museum constructed the Horseshoe Barn Annex to exhibit key examples from the collection using a combination of old and new materials.
Horseshoe barns
It appears that there are very few horseshoe-shaped barns in the United States. Of the two documented horseshoe barns in Vermont, only one still stands today. The Shelburne Museum houses the only remaining horseshoe barn in Vermont; the Georgia, Vermont barn it was modeled after was torn down shortly after. There is still a road named Horseshoe Barn Road in Georgia, Vermont.
Other known horseshoe-shaped barns are:
Llangollen Farm in Virginia
Carriage collection
The museum's carriage collection began with the vehicles owned by Dr. William Seward Webb and his wife Lila Vanderbilt Webb. Today it has come to include 225 horse-drawn vehicles. Since many of these vehicles came straight from their respective owners, many still retain their original upholstery and decoration.
Das Shelburne Museum ist ein 1947 gegründetes Kunstgewerbe-, Kunst- und Freilichtmuseum in Shelburne im US-Bundesstaat Vermont 19 km südlich von Burlington am U.S. Highway 7.
Horsedrawn vehicles
Carriages and coaches began to be widely used in Britain during the 17th century. However, real progress in carriage building was not made until the late 18th century, when Royal Mail coach service began. For the first time, many carriages were designed for comfort and speed and were made alike, using interchangeable parts. Soon carriage driving became the fashionable way to travel, although for many years the cost of vehicles restricted their use primarily to the nobility and upper classes.
The manufacture of horse-drawn vehicles advanced more quickly in 19th-century America, where vehicles quickly became available to people of every social class. By the late 19th century, American coach builders had developed light and practical vehicles that were available to the general public at low prices through mail order houses such as Sears and Roebuck. An elegant runabout made by Brewster & Co., America's finest coach builder, cost $425 in 1900; a runabout sold by Sears was $24.95.
Shelburne Museum's collection of horse-drawn vehicles includes examples of 19th and early 20th century carriages, farm and trade wagons, stagecoaches, sleighs, early firefighting equipment, and almost every other type of vehicle used in New England in the 19th century. One of the most comprehensive collections in the country, it is particularly important because most of the vehicles retain their original upholstery, lamps, and decorative finishes.
Many of the museum's finest vehicles originally belonged to Dr. William Seward Webb, father-in-law of Electra Havemeyer Webb, including a number of elegant carriages and coaches by New York's Brewster & Co. and a remarkable pair of custom-made vehicles – a caleche and a satin-trimmed Berlin – by Million et Guiet of Paris.
Rural Americans were often too busy to travel during the warm months, when farm chores kept them close to home. Winter brought more leisure time. Snow could be packed down with horse-drawn rollers to form a far smoother surface than was available on dirt roads at other times of the year. Sleighs were much easier to build and repair than wheeled vehicles; a home craftsperson without specialized training could construct and maintain them. For these reasons, the typical northern farm family owned three sleighs for every wheeled vehicle it kept.
Sleighs echoed wheeled vehicles in form. Some wheeled vehicles, like the museum's hearse, could be converted from wheels to runners as the seasons changed. The museum's sleighs range from small and simple homemade wooden cutters to elaborate, multi-passenger surreys, caleches, and victorias. The collection also includes a stage sleigh, a school bus sleigh, a butcher's delivery sleigh and a police ambulance and paddy wagon sleigh.
Multi-passenger stagecoaches and omnibuses provided public transportation for travelers within and between cities, from train stations to hotels, and on sightseeing trips. Businesses transported goods by horse, often using wagons and sleighs that advertised their wares with decorative pictures and signage. Commercial vehicles in the museum's collection include a Concord stagecoach used to transport hotel guests in the White Mountains, a butcher's wagon complete with hanging scales and meat hooks, a Maine druggist's patent medicine wagon and a Pennsylvania Conestoga wagon, used to haul produce from rural farms to city markets.
Vehicles were also essential to firefighters, who needed to transport water and equipment quickly. A variety of early firefighting vehicles are represented in the museum's collection. The horse was a latecomer to firefighting, not pressed widely into service until the 1870s. To save precious time, horses were kept in the firehouse. Their stalls had break-away chains and, at the sound of the alarm, the horses raced to their places in front of the waiting equipment. Their collars and harnesses were suspended from the ceiling, poised like spiders in a web, ready to drop at a touch.
The steam-driven pumper, the hose wagon, and the hook-and-ladder truck became the three major horse-drawn firefighting vehicles. However, it was the steamer, usually driven with horses harnessed two or three abreast, that provided the most spectacular sight as it flew down the street with smoke pouring from the funnel of its boiler, building up a head of steam to run the pumps.
(Wikipedia)
Die Ausstellung bzw. Sammlung geht auf die lebenslangen Bestrebungen von Electra Havemeyer Webb (1889–1960) zurück, die insgesamt 37 historische Gebäude hier „zusammenlegen“ ließ als Platz für ein „normales“ Kunstmuseum und den Ort für ein historisch orientiertes Freilichtmuseum, in dem auch ca. 80.000 Kunstgewerbegegenstände, insbesondere Quilts, präsentiert werden. Daneben gibt es eine Ausstellung von über 240 Kutschen.
Hier finden sich alle möglichen Baustile Vermonts, wie zum Beispiel das Colchester Reef Lighthouse von 1871 mit ungewöhnliche Mansarddach, eine sehr seltene Rundscheune von 1901 und der Raddampfer Ticonderoga von 1906.
Im Museum wird amerikanische Malerei des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts ausgestellt (Erastus Salisbury Field, Winslow Homer, Grandma Moses). Im Electra Havemeyer Webb Memorial Building ist die New Yorker Wohnung der Museumsgründerin im Stil der 1930er-Jahre wiedererrichtet worden. In den 6 Räumen sind bedeutende Gemälde von Rembrandt, Édouard Manet, Degas, Monet, Gustave Courbet, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot und Daubigny ausgestellt.
(Wikipedia)
Mt Albert Signal Box
Built in 1914 and was situated at the Mt Albert Railway Station in the New North Road. It was moved to MOTAT in 1966.
Waitakare Railway Station
Built in 1879-1880, the smaller part of this building was built in 1879 as a general waiting room. It was also used as a goods shed, ticket lobby, produce stall and bicycle shed. In 1880, the larger portion of the building was constructed as a post office.
Haig Class Locomotive 4183 0-6-0T
Small industrial steam locomotive built by Kerr Stewart & Co of London & Stoke in 1926. Donated to MOTAT in 1966 by Kempthorne & Prosser.
AA1068 2nd Class Carriage 1908
Built in 1908 by the Petone Railway Workshops for the North Island Main Trunk Auckland/Wellington service as a 50ft 2nd class smokers carriage with a toilet.
Taken at the Museum Of Transport And Technology in Auckland, New Zealand.
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Built between 1879 and 1882, this American Florentine Revival-style building was the former royal palace for the Kingdom of Hawaii, designed by Thomas J. Baker, Charles J. Wall, and Isaac Moore for King David Kalākaua. The palace was the home of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Hawaii between 1882 and 1893, the executive building of the provisional government and Republic of Hawaii from 1893 until 1898, the capitol building of the Territory of Hawaii from 1898 until 1959, and the capitol building of the State of Hawaii from 1959 until 1969. During its time as a territorial and state capitol, the building was altered and renovated, removing or neglecting several original features, enclosing parts of the lanais that encircle the building’s exterior, adding additional office space outside of the building’s original footprint, and replacing some of the original windows with french doors. The building replaced an earlier ‘Iolani Palace, a western-style structure with elements reminiscent of the Greek Revival style and Creole cottages in the United States, which stood on the same site, and was built in 1844-45. The earlier palace was an aliʻi, which featured no sleeping quarters, but included a dining room, throne room, and a reception room, being only about ⅓ the size of the present building. The previous building had similarities to the present structure, including a raised lanai wrapping around the entire structure, with a hipped roof, a doric colonnade, large windows, and separate homes on the grounds where the royal family lived and slept. By 1874, when King David Kalākaua ascended to power, the original palace, built of wood was in poor condition, and in 1879, the building was demolished and construction began on the present palace. Inspired by knowledge of European royal palaces and architecture, the palace features four corner towers and towers on the front and rear facades, which all feature mansard roofs topped with cornices and cresting, arched double-hung windows, quoins, decorative relief panels, circular medallions on the arched and circular roof dormers, and flagpoles atop each mansard roof. Between the towers and on the second and third floors of the front and rear towers are lanais on the first and second floors of each side of the building, with staircases to the entrances on the front and rear at the foot of the towers, corinthian columns supporting arches, decorative balustrades, iron railings on the second floor, large windows and door openings with decorative trim surrounds, decorative tile floors, decorative ceilings, a cornice above, and a decorative railing wrapping the base of the building’s large low-slope and hipped roof. Underneath the lanais and enclosed spaces of the second and third floors of the palace is the basement, which is surrounded by a light well, with access provided to exterior entrances on the sides of the building via staircases. Inside, the palace has a layout with large rooms on either side of a central hallway on the first and second floors, which are linked via a large grand staircase, with the first floor hallway known as the Grand Hall. On one side of the Grand Hall is the throne room, taking up the entirety of this part of the first floor, with a dressing room behind the thrones, while on the other side of the Grand Hall is the Blue Room, a reception hall, and the State Dining Room, with a bathroom, and butler’s pantry between the State Dining Room and the Grand Hall. On the second floor, the hallway features a ceiling with two decorative medallions on either side of a central stained glass dome, with the room where Queen Liliʻuokalani was imprisoned for 9 months following the second of the Wilcox rebellions in 1895 sitting on the ocean-facing side of this end of the building, with a restroom and closet between this room and the Queen’s Bedroom. All bedrooms on this floor are linked via diagonal hallways to the second floor rooms in the corner towers, which are utilized as small sitting rooms. On the opposite side of the hallway is the King’s Bedroom, King’s Office, and Music Room, as well as an additional bathroom. In the basement, the building is split by two hallways that intersect at the base of the basement stairs, running between the building’s service areas, including the kitchen, as well as administrative offices for the Kingdom of Hawaii, with most of the space now mostly housing exhibits and display cases. The interior of the building features extensive detailing and decoration that was restored after the building ceased being utilized as the State Capitol in 1969, including grand carved and reproduction staircases and balusters, decorative plaster ceilings with medallions, decorative crown moulding, carved wood doors and trim, wood floors, bathrooms with built-in water closets, sinks, bathtubs, and showers, period appropriate light fixtures, as well as period and reproduction furnishings and pieces of art that were in the building during the Kingdom of Hawaii period. The palace was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. Following the completion of the Hawaii State capitol in 1969, a 9-year restoration program was carried out on the palace, with the palace opening in 1978 as a museum, run by the nonprofit organization Friends of ʻIolani Palace, that preserves the structure and tells the story of the Hawaiian Royal family who once resided and ruled from the palace, as well as allowing for visitors to admire the beautiful restored and preserved details of the interior and exterior of the building. On January 17, 1993, a vigil was held on the grounds of the palace, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii by a group consisting of primarily white American businessmen, deposing the monarchy that had ruled the kingdom from 1795 until 1893. The grounds of the palace features restored landscaping intended to show what the palace looked like at the time of its completion, and the relocated ‘Iolani Barracks that once stood on the present site of the present state capitol, which now sits to the northeast of the main palace. The building is the only former royal Palace in the United States, and sits in the middle of park-like grounds surrounded by state, federal, and local government buildings in the heart of Downtown Honolulu.
They also offer prepayment protection and also have dispute resolution services in the event of an unhappy situation.For more details Log on www.steeleandco.co.uk
Day 3 of LIC Relocation is completed, coinciding with the last NYC Marathon that will be running in front of our house for a while. So long Vernon Blvd.
Kraków Old Town is the historic central district of Kraków, Poland.[1] It is one of the most famous old districts in Poland today and was the center of Poland's political life from 1038 until King Sigismund III Vasa relocated his court to Warsaw in 1596.
The entire medieval old town is among the first sites chosen for the UNESCO's original World Heritage List, inscribed as Cracow's Historic Centre.[2][3] The old town is also one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii) chosen in the first round, as designated September 16, 1994, and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.
The Old Town is known in Polish as Stare Miasto. It is part of the city's first administrative district which is also named "Stare Miasto," although it covers a wider area than the Old Town itself.
Medieval Kraków was surrounded by a 1.9 mile (3 km) defensive wall complete with 46 towers and seven main entrances leading through them. The fortifications around the Old Town were erected over the course of two centuries.[4] The current architectural plan of Stare Miasto – the 13th-century merchants' town – was drawn up in 1257 after the destruction of the city during the Tatar invasions of 1241 followed by raids of 1259 and repelled in 1287.[4] The district features the centrally located Rynek Główny, or Main Square, the largest medieval town square of any European city.[5] There is a number of historic landmarks in its vicinity, such as St. Mary's Basilica (Kościół Mariacki), Church of St. Wojciech (St. Adalbert's), Church of St. Barbara, as well as other national treasures. At the center of the plaza, surrounded by kamienice (row houses) and noble residences, stands the Renaissance cloth hall Sukiennice (currently housing gift shops, restaurants and merchant stalls) with the National Gallery of Art upstairs. It is flanked by the Town Hall Tower (Wieża ratuszowa).
The whole district is bisected by the Royal Road, the coronation route traversed by the Kings of Poland. The Route begins at St. Florian's Church outside the northern flank of the old city walls in the medieval suburb of Kleparz; passes the Barbican of Kraków (Barbakan) built in 1499, and enters Stare Miasto through the Florian Gate. It leads down Floriańska Street through the Main Square, and up Grodzka to Wawel, the former seat of Polish royalty overlooking the Vistula river.
In the 19th century most of the Old Town fortifications were demolished.[4] The moat encircling the walls was filled in and turned into a green belt known as Planty Park.
© Earl C. Leatherberry, Do Not Use Without Written Consent
J Tower was built in 1885 at Lemoyne Junction by the Pennsylvania Railroad. J Tower was later named Lemo Tower. The tower was in-service up until the early 1980s when Conrail abandoned operations there. The Lancaster Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society acquired the tower, disassembled it, and moved it to the Strasburg Rail Road where it was reassembled and restored to its original appearance. The tower is one of only two surviving examples of Pennsylvania Railroad's standard design two-story wood frame interlocking towers.
This part of Bangkok, has many places to keep you occupied. Wat Ratchanadda ( The Loha Prasat ) or Wat Ratchanaddaram, and the Royal Pavilion Mahajetsadabadin next to it. Bangkok was originally moated and walled with forts at intervals along it ( built in 1783 during the reign of King Rama I ). A canal formed the moat dug at a distance of about two kilometres from the Royal Palace, leaving the river to the north of the city and rejoining it to the south. The moat was 7.2 km long, and it is today called Klong Bang Lamphu and Khlong Ong Ang. Strong and solid walls were constructed along the inner side of this canal, being 3.6 mtr. high and 2.7 mtr. thick. It was broken by 16 gates and 14 forts ( Phra Sumen, Yukornton, Mahaprab, Mahakan, Mootaluog, Seurtayan, Mahachai, Charkphet, Phisua, Mahaluok, Mahayak, Phrachun, Phra-Ar-thit, and Isintorn )
Mahakan Fort, located next to Wat Ratchanaddaram, is just one of the two remaining fortresses of medieval Bangkok ( the other being Phra Sumen Fortress ). It was built when the old city of Bangkok was protected by moats. There were three moats radiating from the Royal Palace. In the olden days, there were 16 gates and 14 forts into the old city of Bangkok It has a width of 38 meters and a height of 4.9 meters. It has three floors with staircases leading to the first two. The highest floor is an octagonal tower with an entrance. In addition, part of the old city wall is still standing. It runs for about 200 metres along Maha Chai Road. Today only Phra Sumen and Mahakan remain. Mahakan Fort is octagonal in shape.
Mahakan Fort was raised in status to a National Ancient Monument of Thailand by the Fine Arts Department in 1949. The government wanted to turn the area between the canal and the city wall into a park, but were met with resistance from the community that stay on that land. Now the authorities are looking into turning it into a living museum of vintage houses. Rattanakosin also known as Rattanakosin Island, is the historic centre of Bangkok, where most of Bangkok's must see sights can be found, including the Grand Palace and Wat Pho.
Rattanakosin was established in 1782 when King Rama I moved the Siamese capital across the river from Thonburi, starting a period in Thai history known as the Rattanakosin Period. Spending a few days in this remarkable district does not just show you dozens of traditional Buddhist temples, palaces, museums, parks and monuments, but also gives you a better understanding of the culture, history and religion of the Thai people.
The Rattanakosin Kingdom was the fourth Thai Kingdom, after the Sukhothai, Ayutthaya and Thonburi Kingdoms that preceded it. When the powerful Ayutthaya Kingdom was destroyed and burnt down by Burmese armies in 1767, a small period of chaos and Burmese occupation ensued in the lands of Siam. The resistance was led by General Taksin, a capable military leader who defeated the Burmese within one year and established the new Siamese capital in Thonburi, right across the Chao Phraya River from Rattanakosin.
When Phraya Chakri, a popular general under King Taksin who had successfully managed the invasion of Cambodia, returned, he was offered the throne. He was crowned King Rama I, the first King of the Chakri dynasty that started the Rattanakosin Period. One of his first actions was to move the capital across the river, from Thonburi to Rattanakosin. According to him, Rattanakosin had a more strategic location, as he turned it into an artificial island with the Chao Phraya River in the west and man-made canals in the east. Previously, Chinese merchants had occupied Rattanakosin, but they were now relocated outside the new city walls.
King Rama I restored the social and political system of the Ayutthaya Period, even copying that city's layout and architecture in Rattanakosin. For example, the Grand Palace's building plan closely resembled that of the Grand Palace in Ayutthaya. Even the bricks from the ruins in Ayutthaya were moved downstream to be incorporated into the new capital's grand scheme.
Dorje Drak Monastery, a remote Nyingmapa Buddhist Monastery relocated here in 1632. It lies on the rock cliff on the North bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo (Yarlung river, Brahmaputra).
Leaving Lhasa on our way to Samye Monastery and Tsetang, we could not travel the usual road on the south bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo but had to travel this dirt road on the North bank.
What a landscape! Sand dunes, desert, fog, still below zero degrees. Monasteries, chortens and even one or two yaks and nomads passed by.
Surreal.
Erik Törner is a Tibet analyst from IM who last visited Tibet in January 2011.
Photo and copyright: Erik Törner, IM Individuell Människohjälp www.manniskohjalp.se
Contact IMs Erik Törner for permissions. Email erik.torner(at)manniskohjalp.se
IM is a Swedish aid organization fighting and exposing poverty and exclusion. IM makes long-term commitments together with local partners, in promoting health, education and income generation. Our efforts are aimed at empowering people and each new project starts off on a small scale.
IMs Photo Archive (IMs Bildarkiv) can always be found at www.flickr.com/IMsbildarkiv
The ENG Grip Relocator combines our Grip Relocator for the Canon C100-300-500* with a 15mm lightweight spaced rod mount designed to put the grip directly to the side of the rods – similar to a traditional ENG style camera.
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